[apache] / docs / manual / mod / mod_filter.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE modulesynopsis SYSTEM "../style/modulesynopsis.dtd">
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="../style/manual.en.xsl"?>
<!-- $LastChangedRevision$ -->

<!--
 Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 limitations under the License.
-->

<modulesynopsis metafile="mod_filter.xml.meta">

<name>mod_filter</name>
<description>Context-sensitive smart filter configuration module</description>
<status>Base</status>
<sourcefile>mod_filter.c</sourcefile>
<identifier>filter_module</identifier>

<summary>
    <p>This module enables smart, context-sensitive configuration of
    output content filters.  For example, apache can be configured to
    process different content-types through different filters, even
    when the content-type is not known in advance (e.g. in a proxy).</p>

    <p><module>mod_filter</module> works by introducing indirection into
    the filter chain.  Instead of inserting filters in the chain, we insert
    a filter harness which in turn dispatches conditionally
    to a filter provider.  Any content filter may be used as a provider
    to <module>mod_filter</module>; no change to existing filter modules is
    required (although it may be possible to simplify them).</p>
</summary>

<section id="smart"><title>Smart Filtering</title>
    <p>In the traditional filtering model, filters are inserted unconditionally
    using <directive module="mod_mime">AddOutputFilter</directive> and family.
    Each filter then needs to determine whether to run, and there is little
    flexibility available for server admins to allow the chain to be
    configured dynamically.</p>

    <p><module>mod_filter</module> by contrast gives server administrators a
    great deal of flexibility in configuring the filter chain.  In fact,
    filters can be inserted based on complex boolean
    <a href="../expr.html">expressions</a> This generalises the limited
    flexibility offered by <directive>AddOutputFilterByType</directive>.</p>
</section>

<section id="terms"><title>Filter Declarations, Providers and Chains</title>
    <p class="figure">
    <img src="../images/mod_filter_old.gif" width="160" height="310"
    alt="[This image displays the traditional filter model]"/><br />
    <dfn>Figure 1:</dfn> The traditional filter model</p>

    <p>In the traditional model, output filters are a simple chain
    from the content generator (handler) to the client.  This works well
    provided the filter chain can be correctly configured, but presents
    problems when the filters need to be configured dynamically based on
    the outcome of the handler.</p>

    <p class="figure">
    <img src="../images/mod_filter_new.gif" width="423" height="331"
    alt="[This image shows the mod_filter model]"/><br />
    <dfn>Figure 2:</dfn> The <module>mod_filter</module> model</p>

    <p><module>mod_filter</module> works by introducing indirection into
    the filter chain.  Instead of inserting filters in the chain, we insert
    a filter harness which in turn dispatches conditionally
    to a filter provider.  Any content filter may be used as a provider
    to <module>mod_filter</module>; no change to existing filter modules
    is required (although it may be possible to simplify them).  There can be
    multiple providers for one filter, but no more than one provider will
    run for any single request.</p>

    <p>A filter chain comprises any number of instances of the filter
    harness, each of which may have any number of providers.  A special
    case is that of a single provider with unconditional dispatch: this
    is equivalent to inserting the provider filter directly into the chain.</p>
</section>

<section id="config"><title>Configuring the Chain</title>
    <p>There are three stages to configuring a filter chain with
    <module>mod_filter</module>. For details of the directives, see below.</p>

    <dl>
    <dt>Declare Filters</dt>
    <dd>The <directive module="mod_filter">FilterDeclare</directive> directive
        declares a new smart filter, assigning it a name and optional filter 
        type.</dd>
    <dt>Register Providers</dt>
    <dd>The <directive module="mod_filter">FilterProvider</directive>
    directive registers a provider with a filter. The filter may have
    been declared with <directive module="mod_filter"
    >FilterDeclare</directive>; if not, FilterProvider will implicitly
    declare it.  The provider must have been
    registered with <code>ap_register_output_filter</code> by some module.
    The final argument to <directive module="mod_filter"
    >FilterProvider</directive> is an expression: the provider will be
    selected to run for a request if and only if the expression evaluates
    to true.  The expression may evaluate HTTP request or response
    headers, environment variables, or the Handler used by this request.
    Unlike earlier versions, mod_filter now supports complex expressions
    involving multiple criteria with AND / OR logic (&amp;&amp; / ||)
    and brackets. The details of the expression syntax are described in
    the <a href="../expr.html">ap_expr documentation</a>.</dd>

    <dt>Configure the Chain</dt>
    <dd>The above directives build components of a smart filter chain,
    but do not configure it to run.  The <directive module="mod_filter"
    >FilterChain</directive> directive builds a filter chain from smart
    filters declared, offering the flexibility to insert filters at the
    beginning or end of the chain, remove a filter, or clear the chain.</dd>
</dl>
</section>
<section id="errordocs"><title>Filtering and Response Status</title>
    <p>mod_filter normally only runs filters on responses with
    HTTP status 200 (OK).  If you want to filter documents with
    other response statuses, you can set the <var>filter-errordocs</var>
    environment variable, and it will work on all responses
    regardless of status.  To refine this further, you can use
    expression conditions with <directive>FilterProvider</directive>.</p>
</section>
<section id="upgrade"><title>Upgrading from Apache HTTP Server 2.2 Configuration</title>
    <p>The <directive module="mod_filter">FilterProvider</directive>
    directive has changed from httpd 2.2: the <var>match</var> and
    <var>dispatch</var> arguments are replaced with a single but
    more versatile <var>expression</var>.  In general, you can convert
    a match/dispatch pair to the two sides of an expression, using
    something like:</p>
    <example>"dispatch = 'match'"</example>
    <p>The Request headers, Response headers and Environment variables
    are now interpreted from syntax <var>%{req:foo}</var>,
    <var>%{resp:foo}</var> and <var>%{env:foo}</var> respectively.
    The variables <var>%{HANDLER}</var> and <var>%{CONTENT_TYPE}</var>
    are also supported.</p>
    <p>Note that the match no longer support substring matches.  They can be
    replaced by regular expression matches.</p>
</section>

<section id="examples"><title>Examples</title>
    <dl>
    <dt>Server side Includes (SSI)</dt>
    <dd>A simple case replacing <directive>AddOutputFilterByType</directive>.
        This example creates a new smart filter named "SSI" that conditionally leverates
        the "INCLUDES" filter from <module>mod_include</module> as a provider.
    <highlight language="config">
FilterDeclare SSI
FilterProvider SSI INCLUDES "%{CONTENT_TYPE} =~ m|^text/html|"
FilterChain SSI
    </highlight>
    </dd>

    <dt>Server side Includes (SSI)</dt>
    <dd>The same as the above but dispatching on handler (classic
    SSI behaviour; .shtml files get processed).
    <highlight language="config">
FilterProvider SSI INCLUDES "%{HANDLER} = 'server-parsed'"
FilterChain SSI
    </highlight>
    </dd>

    <dt>Emulating mod_gzip with mod_deflate</dt>
    <dd>This example demonstrates the dynamic properties granted to traditional
        filters when a smart filter is constructed around them. A new smart filter
        named "gzip" is created that dynamically inserts <module>mod_deflate</module>'s
        INFLATE filter only if "gzip" is NOT in the Accept-Encoding header.  
        The gzip smart filter runs with type CONTENT_SET.
    <highlight language="config">
FilterDeclare gzip CONTENT_SET
FilterProvider gzip INFLATE "%{req:Accept-Encoding} !~ /gzip/"
FilterChain gzip
    </highlight>
    </dd>

    <dt>Image Downsampling</dt>
    <dd>This example demonstrates further abstractions that the smart filtering.
        Suppose we want to downsample all web images, and have different 
        filter providers for manipulating GIF, JPEG and PNG
        The configuration defines smart filters "unpack" and "repack" via 
        the harness that invokes the right underlying filter providers based on
        the content type at runtime.
    <highlight language="config">
FilterProvider unpack jpeg_unpack "%{CONTENT_TYPE} = 'image/jpeg'"
FilterProvider unpack gif_unpack  "%{CONTENT_TYPE} = 'image/gif'"
FilterProvider unpack png_unpack  "%{CONTENT_TYPE} = 'image/png'"

FilterProvider downsample downsample_filter "%{CONTENT_TYPE} = m|^image/(jpeg|gif|png)|"
FilterProtocol downsample "change=yes"

FilterProvider repack jpeg_pack "%{CONTENT_TYPE} = 'image/jpeg'"
FilterProvider repack gif_pack  "%{CONTENT_TYPE} = 'image/gif'"
FilterProvider repack png_pack  "%{CONTENT_TYPE} = 'image/png'"
&lt;Location "/image-filter"&gt;
    FilterChain unpack downsample repack
&lt;/Location&gt;
    </highlight>
    </dd>
    </dl>
</section>

<section id="protocol"><title>Protocol Handling</title>
    <p>Historically, each filter is responsible for ensuring that whatever
    changes it makes are correctly represented in the HTTP response headers,
    and that it does not run when it would make an illegal change.  This
    imposes a burden on filter authors to re-implement some common
    functionality in every filter:</p>

    <ul>
    <li>Many filters will change the content, invalidating existing content
    tags, checksums, hashes, and lengths.</li>

    <li>Filters that require an entire, unbroken response in input need to
    ensure they don't get byteranges from a backend.</li>

    <li>Filters that transform output in a filter need to ensure they don't
    violate a <code>Cache-Control: no-transform</code> header from the
    backend.</li>

    <li>Filters may make responses uncacheable.</li>
    </ul>

    <p><module>mod_filter</module> aims to offer generic handling of these
    details of filter implementation, reducing the complexity required of
    content filter modules. This is work-in-progress; the
    <directive module="mod_filter">FilterProtocol</directive> implements
    some of this functionality for back-compatibility with Apache 2.0
    modules.  For httpd 2.1 and later, the
    <code>ap_register_output_filter_protocol</code> and
    <code>ap_filter_protocol</code> API enables filter modules to
    declare their own behaviour.</p>

    <p>At the same time, <module>mod_filter</module> should not interfere
    with a filter that wants to handle all aspects of the protocol.  By
    default (i.e. in the absence of any <directive module="mod_filter"
    >FilterProtocol</directive> directives), <module>mod_filter</module>
    will leave the headers untouched.</p>

    <p>At the time of writing, this feature is largely untested,
    as modules in common use are designed to work with 2.0.
    Modules using it should test it carefully.</p>
</section>

<directivesynopsis>
<name>AddOutputFilterByType</name>
<description>assigns an output filter to a particular media-type</description>
<syntax>AddOutputFilterByType <var>filter</var>[;<var>filter</var>...]
<var>media-type</var> [<var>media-type</var>] ...</syntax>
<contextlist><context>server config</context>
<context>virtual host</context><context>directory</context>
<context>.htaccess</context></contextlist>
<override>FileInfo</override>
<compatibility>Had severe limitations before
being moved to <module>mod_filter</module> in version 2.3.7</compatibility>

<usage>
    <p>This directive activates a particular output <a
    href="../filter.html">filter</a> for a request depending on the
    response <glossary>media-type</glossary>.</p>

    <p>The following example uses the <code>DEFLATE</code> filter, which
    is provided by <module>mod_deflate</module>. It will compress all
    output (either static or dynamic) which is labeled as
    <code>text/html</code> or <code>text/plain</code> before it is sent
    to the client.</p>

    <highlight language="config">
      AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/html text/plain
    </highlight>

    <p>If you want the content to be processed by more than one filter, their
    names have to be separated by semicolons. It's also possible to use one
    <directive>AddOutputFilterByType</directive> directive for each of
    these filters.</p>

    <p>The configuration below causes all script output labeled as
    <code>text/html</code> to be processed at first by the
    <code>INCLUDES</code> filter and then by the <code>DEFLATE</code>
    filter.</p>

    <highlight language="config">
&lt;Location "/cgi-bin/"&gt;
    Options Includes
    AddOutputFilterByType INCLUDES;DEFLATE text/html
&lt;/Location&gt;
    </highlight>

</usage>

<seealso><directive module="mod_mime">AddOutputFilter</directive></seealso>
<seealso><directive module="core">SetOutputFilter</directive></seealso>
<seealso><a href="../filter.html">filters</a></seealso>
</directivesynopsis>

<directivesynopsis>
<name>FilterDeclare</name>
<description>Declare a smart filter</description>
<syntax>FilterDeclare <var>smart-filter-name</var> <var>[type]</var></syntax>
<contextlist><context>server config</context><context>virtual host</context>
<context>directory</context><context>.htaccess</context></contextlist>
<override>Options</override>

<usage>
    <p>This directive declares an output filter together with a
    header or environment variable that will determine runtime
    configuration.  The first argument is a <var>smart-filter-name</var>
    for use in <directive module="mod_filter">FilterProvider</directive>,
    <directive module="mod_filter">FilterChain</directive> and
    <directive module="mod_filter">FilterProtocol</directive> directives.</p>

    <p>The final (optional) argument
    is the type of filter, and takes values of <code>ap_filter_type</code>
    - namely <code>RESOURCE</code> (the default), <code>CONTENT_SET</code>,
    <code>PROTOCOL</code>, <code>TRANSCODE</code>, <code>CONNECTION</code>
    or <code>NETWORK</code>.</p>
</usage>
</directivesynopsis>

<directivesynopsis>
<name>FilterProvider</name>
<description>Register a content filter</description>
<syntax>FilterProvider <var>smart-filter-name</var> <var>provider-name</var>
 <var>expression</var></syntax>
<contextlist><context>server config</context><context>virtual host</context>
<context>directory</context><context>.htaccess</context></contextlist>
<override>Options</override>

<usage>
    <p>This directive registers a <em>provider</em> for the smart filter.
    The provider will be called if and only if the <var>expression</var>
    declared evaluates to true when the harness is first called.</p>

    <p>
    <var>provider-name</var> must have been registered by loading
    a module that registers the name with
    <code>ap_register_output_filter</code>.
    </p>

    <p><var>expression</var> is an
    <a href="../expr.html">ap_expr</a>.</p>

</usage>
<seealso><a href="../expr.html">Expressions in Apache HTTP Server</a>,
for a complete reference and examples.</seealso>
<seealso><module>mod_include</module></seealso>
</directivesynopsis>

<directivesynopsis>
<name>FilterChain</name>
<description>Configure the filter chain</description>
<syntax>FilterChain [+=-@!]<var>smart-filter-name</var> <var>...</var></syntax>
<contextlist><context>server config</context><context>virtual host</context>
<context>directory</context><context>.htaccess</context></contextlist>
<override>Options</override>

<usage>
    <p>This configures an actual filter chain, from declared filters.
    <directive>FilterChain</directive> takes any number of arguments,
    each optionally preceded with a single-character control that
    determines what to do:</p>

    <dl>
    <dt><code>+<var>smart-filter-name</var></code></dt>
    <dd>Add <var>filter-name</var> to the end of the filter chain</dd>

    <dt><code>@<var>smart-filter-name</var></code></dt>
    <dd>Insert <var>smart-filter-name</var> at the start of the filter chain</dd>

    <dt><code>-<var>smart-filter-name</var></code></dt>
    <dd>Remove <var>smart-filter-name</var> from the filter chain</dd>

    <dt><code>=<var>smart-filter-name</var></code></dt>
    <dd>Empty the filter chain and insert <var>smart-filter-name</var></dd>

    <dt><code>!</code></dt>
    <dd>Empty the filter chain</dd>

    <dt><code><var>smart-filter-name</var></code></dt>
    <dd>Equivalent to <code>+<var>smart-filter-name</var></code></dd>
    </dl>
</usage>
</directivesynopsis>

<directivesynopsis>
<name>FilterProtocol</name>
<description>Deal with correct HTTP protocol handling</description>
<syntax>FilterProtocol <var>smart-filter-name</var> [<var>provider-name</var>]
    <var>proto-flags</var></syntax>
<contextlist><context>server config</context><context>virtual host</context>
<context>directory</context><context>.htaccess</context></contextlist>
<override>Options</override>

<usage>
    <p>This directs <module>mod_filter</module> to deal with ensuring the
    filter doesn't run when it shouldn't, and that the HTTP response
    headers are correctly set taking into account the effects of the
    filter.</p>

    <p>There are two forms of this directive.  With three arguments, it
    applies specifically to a <var>smart-filter-name</var> and a
    <var>provider-name</var> for that filter.
    With two arguments it applies to a <var>smart-filter-name</var> whenever the
    filter runs <em>any</em> provider.</p>

    <p>Flags specified with this directive are merged with the flags
    that underlying providers may have registerd with
    <module>mod_filter</module>. For example, a filter may internally specify
    the equivalent of <code>change=yes</code>, but a particular
    configuration of the module can override with <code>change=no</code>.
    </p>

    <p><var>proto-flags</var> is one or more of</p>

    <dl>
    <dt><code>change=yes|no</code></dt>
    <dd>Specifies whether the filter changes the content, including possibly
    the content length.  The "no" argument is supported in 2.4.7 and later.</dd>

    <dt><code>change=1:1</code></dt>
    <dd>The filter changes the content, but will not change the content
    length</dd>

    <dt><code>byteranges=no</code></dt>
    <dd>The filter cannot work on byteranges and requires complete input</dd>

    <dt><code>proxy=no</code></dt>
    <dd>The filter should not run in a proxy context</dd>

    <dt><code>proxy=transform</code></dt>
    <dd>The filter transforms the response in a manner incompatible with
    the HTTP <code>Cache-Control: no-transform</code> header.</dd>

    <dt><code>cache=no</code></dt>
    <dd>The filter renders the output uncacheable (eg by introducing randomised
    content changes)</dd>
    </dl>
</usage>
</directivesynopsis>

<directivesynopsis>
<name>FilterTrace</name>
<description>Get debug/diagnostic information from
    <module>mod_filter</module></description>
<syntax>FilterTrace <var>smart-filter-name</var> <var>level</var></syntax>
<contextlist><context>server config</context><context>virtual host</context>
<context>directory</context></contextlist>

<usage>
    <p>This directive generates debug information from
    <module>mod_filter</module>.
    It is designed to help test and debug providers (filter modules), although
    it may also help with <module>mod_filter</module> itself.</p>

    <p>The debug output depends on the <var>level</var> set:</p>
    <dl>
    <dt><code>0</code> (default)</dt>
    <dd>No debug information is generated.</dd>

    <dt><code>1</code></dt>
    <dd><module>mod_filter</module> will record buckets and brigades
    passing through the filter to the error log, before the provider has
    processed them. This is similar to the information generated by
    <a href="http://apache.webthing.com/mod_diagnostics/">mod_diagnostics</a>.
    </dd>

    <dt><code>2</code> (not yet implemented)</dt>
    <dd>Will dump the full data passing through to a tempfile before the
    provider. <strong>For single-user debug only</strong>; this will not
    support concurrent hits.</dd>
    </dl>
</usage>
</directivesynopsis>

</modulesynopsis>