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8 <title>Starting Apache - Apache HTTP Server</title>
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17 <p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
18 <p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</p>
19 <img alt="" src="./images/feather.gif" /></div>
20 <div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div>
22 <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.5</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Starting Apache</h1>
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33 <p>On Windows, Apache is normally run as a service on Windows
34 NT, 2000 and XP. For details, see <a href="platform/windows.html#winsvc">Running Apache as a Service</a>.
37 <p>On Unix, the <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> program
38 is run as a daemon that executes continuously in the
39 background to handle requests. This document describes how
40 to invoke <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code>.</p>
42 <div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#startup">How Apache Starts</a></li>
43 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#errors">Errors During Start-up</a></li>
44 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#boot">Starting at Boot-Time</a></li>
45 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#info">Additional Information</a></li>
46 </ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="stopping.html">Stopping and Restarting</a></li><li><code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code></li><li><code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code></li></ul><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
47 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
49 <h2><a name="startup" id="startup">How Apache Starts</a></h2>
51 <p>If the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
52 specified in the configuration file is default of 80 (or any other
53 port below 1024), then it is necessary to have root privileges in
54 order to start apache, so that it can bind to this privileged
55 port. Once the server has started and performed a few preliminary
56 activities such as opening its log files, it will launch several
57 <em>child</em> processes which do the work of listening for and
58 answering requests from clients. The main <code>httpd</code>
59 process continues to run as the root user, but the child processes
60 run as a less privileged user. This is controlled by the selected
61 <a href="mpm.html">Multi-Processing Module</a>.</p>
63 <p>The recommended method of invoking the <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code>
64 executable is to use the <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> control script. This
65 script sets certain environment variables that are necessary for
66 <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> to function correctly under some operating
67 systems, and then invokes the <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> binary.
68 <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> will pass through any command line
69 arguments, so any <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> options may also be used with
70 <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code>. You may also directly edit the
71 <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> script by changing the <code>HTTPD</code>
72 variable near the top to specify the correct location of the
73 <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> binary and any command-line arguments that you
74 wish to be <em>always</em> present.</p>
76 <p>The first thing that <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> does when it is
77 invoked is to locate and read the <a href="configuring.html">configuration file</a>
78 <code>httpd.conf</code>. The location of this file is set at
79 compile-time, but it is possible to specify its location at run
80 time using the <code>-f</code> command-line option as in</p>
82 <div class="example"><p><code>/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl -f
83 /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf</code></p></div>
85 <p>If all goes well during startup, the server will detach from
86 the terminal and the command prompt will return almost
87 immediately. This indicates that the server is up and running.
88 You can then use your browser to connect to the server and view
89 the test page in the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code> directory.</p>
90 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
92 <h2><a name="errors" id="errors">Errors During Start-up</a></h2>
94 <p>If Apache suffers a fatal problem during startup, it will
95 write a message describing the problem either to the console or
96 to the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#errorlog">ErrorLog</a></code> before
97 exiting. One of the most common error messages is "<code>Unable
98 to bind to Port ...</code>". This message is usually caused by
102 <li>Trying to start the server on a privileged port when not
103 logged in as the root user; or</li>
105 <li>Trying to start the server when there is another instance
106 of Apache or some other web server already bound to the same
110 <p>For further trouble-shooting instructions, consult the
111 Apache <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a>.</p>
112 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
113 <div class="section">
114 <h2><a name="boot" id="boot">Starting at Boot-Time</a></h2>
116 <p>If you want your server to continue running after a system
117 reboot, you should add a call to <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> to your
118 system startup files (typically <code>rc.local</code> or a file in
119 an <code>rc.N</code> directory). This will start Apache as
120 root. Before doing this ensure that your server is properly
121 configured for security and access restrictions.</p>
123 <p>The <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> script is designed to act like a
124 standard SysV init script; it can take the arguments
125 <code>start</code>, <code>restart</code>, and <code>stop</code>
126 and translate them into the appropriate signals to
127 <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code>. So you can often simply link
128 <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> into the appropriate init directory. But be
129 sure to check the exact requirements of your system.</p>
130 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
131 <div class="section">
132 <h2><a name="info" id="info">Additional Information</a></h2>
134 <p>Additional information about the command-line options of <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> and <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> as well as other support
135 programs included with the server is available on the
136 <a href="programs/">Server and Supporting Programs</a> page.
137 There is also documentation on all the <a href="mod/">modules</a> included with the Apache distribution
138 and the <a href="mod/directives.html">directives</a> that they
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148 <a href="./tr/invoking.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p>
149 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="./images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed again by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Freenode, or sent to our <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div>
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