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10 <title>Starting Apache - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</title>
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19 <p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/quickreference.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
20 <p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</p>
21 <img alt="" src="./images/feather.gif" /></div>
22 <div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div>
24 <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.5</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Starting Apache</h1>
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35 <p>On Windows, Apache is normally run as a service.
36 For details, see <a href="platform/windows.html#winsvc">Running Apache as a Service</a>.
39 <p>On Unix, the <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> program
40 is run as a daemon that executes continuously in the
41 background to handle requests. This document describes how
42 to invoke <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code>.</p>
44 <div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#startup">How Apache Starts</a></li>
45 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#errors">Errors During Start-up</a></li>
46 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#boot">Starting at Boot-Time</a></li>
47 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#info">Additional Information</a></li>
48 </ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="stopping.html">Stopping and Restarting</a></li><li><code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code></li><li><code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code></li></ul><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
49 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
51 <h2><a name="startup" id="startup">How Apache Starts</a></h2>
53 <p>If the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
54 specified in the configuration file is default of 80 (or any other
55 port below 1024), then it is necessary to have root privileges in
56 order to start apache, so that it can bind to this privileged
57 port. Once the server has started and performed a few preliminary
58 activities such as opening its log files, it will launch several
59 <em>child</em> processes which do the work of listening for and
60 answering requests from clients. The main <code>httpd</code>
61 process continues to run as the root user, but the child processes
62 run as a less privileged user. This is controlled by the selected
63 <a href="mpm.html">Multi-Processing Module</a>.</p>
65 <p>The recommended method of invoking the <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code>
66 executable is to use the <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> control script. This
67 script sets certain environment variables that are necessary for
68 <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> to function correctly under some operating
69 systems, and then invokes the <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> binary.
70 <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> will pass through any command line
71 arguments, so any <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> options may also be used with
72 <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code>. You may also directly edit the
73 <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> script by changing the <code>HTTPD</code>
74 variable near the top to specify the correct location of the
75 <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> binary and any command-line arguments that you
76 wish to be <em>always</em> present.</p>
78 <p>The first thing that <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> does when it is
79 invoked is to locate and read the <a href="configuring.html">configuration file</a>
80 <code>httpd.conf</code>. The location of this file is set at
81 compile-time, but it is possible to specify its location at run
82 time using the <code>-f</code> command-line option as in</p>
84 <div class="example"><p><code>/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl -f
85 /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf</code></p></div>
87 <p>If all goes well during startup, the server will detach from
88 the terminal and the command prompt will return almost
89 immediately. This indicates that the server is up and running.
90 You can then use your browser to connect to the server and view
91 the test page in the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code> directory.</p>
92 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
94 <h2><a name="errors" id="errors">Errors During Start-up</a></h2>
96 <p>If Apache suffers a fatal problem during startup, it will
97 write a message describing the problem either to the console or
98 to the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#errorlog">ErrorLog</a></code> before
99 exiting. One of the most common error messages is "<code>Unable
100 to bind to Port ...</code>". This message is usually caused by
104 <li>Trying to start the server on a privileged port when not
105 logged in as the root user; or</li>
107 <li>Trying to start the server when there is another instance
108 of Apache or some other web server already bound to the same
112 <p>For further trouble-shooting instructions, consult the
113 Apache <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a>.</p>
114 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
115 <div class="section">
116 <h2><a name="boot" id="boot">Starting at Boot-Time</a></h2>
118 <p>If you want your server to continue running after a system
119 reboot, you should add a call to <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> to your
120 system startup files (typically <code>rc.local</code> or a file in
121 an <code>rc.N</code> directory). This will start Apache as
122 root. Before doing this ensure that your server is properly
123 configured for security and access restrictions.</p>
125 <p>The <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> script is designed to act like a
126 standard SysV init script; it can take the arguments
127 <code>start</code>, <code>restart</code>, and <code>stop</code>
128 and translate them into the appropriate signals to
129 <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code>. So you can often simply link
130 <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> into the appropriate init directory. But be
131 sure to check the exact requirements of your system.</p>
132 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
133 <div class="section">
134 <h2><a name="info" id="info">Additional Information</a></h2>
136 <p>Additional information about the command-line options of <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> and <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> as well as other support
137 programs included with the server is available on the
138 <a href="programs/">Server and Supporting Programs</a> page.
139 There is also documentation on all the <a href="mod/">modules</a> included with the Apache distribution
140 and the <a href="mod/directives.html">directives</a> that they
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151 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="./images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed again by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Freenode, or sent to our <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div>
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