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23 <manualpage metafile="public_html.xml.meta">
24 <parentdocument href="./">How-To / Tutorials</parentdocument>
26 <title>Per-user web directories</title>
29 <p>On systems with multiple users, each user can be permitted to have a
30 web site in their home directory using the <directive
31 module="mod_userdir">UserDir</directive> directive. Visitors
32 to a URL <code>http://example.com/~username/</code> will get content
33 out of the home directory of the user "<code>username</code>", out of
34 the subdirectory specified by the <directive
35 module="mod_userdir">UserDir</directive> directive.</p>
36 <p>Note that, by default, access to these directories is <strong>not</strong>
37 enabled. You can enable access when using <directive module="mod_userdir"
38 >UserDir</directive> by uncommenting the line</p>
40 #Include conf/extra/httpd-userdir.conf
42 <p>in the default config file <code>conf/httpd.conf</code>, and adapting the <code
43 >httpd-userdir.conf</code>
44 file as necessary, or by including the appropriate directives in a
45 <code>Directory</code> block within the main config file.</p>
48 <seealso><a href="../urlmapping.html">Mapping URLs to the Filesystem</a></seealso>
50 <section id="related">
51 <title>Per-user web directories</title>
54 <module>mod_userdir</module>
57 <directive module="mod_userdir">UserDir</directive>
58 <directive module="core">DirectoryMatch</directive>
59 <directive module="core">AllowOverride</directive>
64 <section id="userdir">
65 <title>Setting the file path with UserDir</title>
67 <p>The <directive module="mod_userdir">UserDir</directive>
68 directive specifies a directory out of which per-user
69 content is loaded. This directive may take several different forms.</p>
71 <p>If a path is given which does not start with a leading slash, it is
72 assumed to be a directory path relative to the home directory of the
73 specified user. Given this configuration:</p>
75 <highlight language="config">UserDir public_html</highlight>
77 <p>the URL <code>http://example.com/~rbowen/file.html</code> will be
78 translated to the file path
79 <code>/home/rbowen/public_html/file.html</code></p>
81 <p>If a path is given starting with a slash, a directory path will be
82 constructed using that path, plus the username specified. Given this
85 <highlight language="config">UserDir /var/html</highlight>
87 <p>the URL <code>http://example.com/~rbowen/file.html</code> will be
88 translated to the file path <code>/var/html/rbowen/file.html</code></p>
90 <p>If a path is provided which contains an asterisk (*), a path is used
91 in which the asterisk is replaced with the username. Given this
94 <highlight language="config">UserDir /var/www/*/docs</highlight>
96 <p>the URL <code>http://example.com/~rbowen/file.html</code> will be
97 translated to the file path
98 <code>/var/www/rbowen/docs/file.html</code></p>
100 <p>Multiple directories or directory paths can also be set.</p>
102 <highlight language="config">UserDir public_html /var/html</highlight>
104 <p>For the URL <code>http://example.com/~rbowen/file.html</code>,
105 Apache will search for <code>~rbowen</code>. If it isn't found,
106 Apache will search for <code>rbowen</code> in <code>/var/html</code>. If
107 found, the above URL will then be translated to the file path
108 <code>/var/html/rbowen/file.html</code></p>
112 <section id="redirect">
113 <title>Redirecting to external URLs</title>
114 <p>The <directive module="mod_userdir">UserDir</directive> directive can be
115 used to redirect user directory requests to external URLs.</p>
117 <highlight language="config">UserDir http://example.org/users/*/</highlight>
119 <p>The above example will redirect a request for
120 <code>http://example.com/~bob/abc.html</code> to
121 <code>http://example.org/users/bob/abc.html</code>.</p>
124 <section id="enable">
125 <title>Restricting what users are permitted to use this
128 <p>Using the syntax shown in the UserDir documentation, you can restrict
129 what users are permitted to use this functionality:</p>
131 <highlight language="config">UserDir disabled root jro fish</highlight>
133 <p>The configuration above will enable the feature for all users
134 except for those listed in the <code>disabled</code> statement.
135 You can, likewise, disable the feature for all but a few users by
136 using a configuration like the following:</p>
138 <highlight language="config">
140 UserDir enabled rbowen krietz
143 <p>See <directive module="mod_userdir">UserDir</directive>
144 documentation for additional examples.</p>
149 <title>Enabling a cgi directory for each user</title>
151 <p>In order to give each user their own cgi-bin directory, you can use
152 a <directive module="core" type="section">Directory</directive>
153 directive to make a particular subdirectory of a user's home directory
156 <highlight language="config">
157 <Directory "/home/*/public_html/cgi-bin/">
159 SetHandler cgi-script
163 <p>Then, presuming that <code>UserDir</code> is set to
164 <code>public_html</code>, a cgi program <code>example.cgi</code>
165 could be loaded from that directory as:</p>
168 http://example.com/~rbowen/cgi-bin/example.cgi
173 <section id="htaccess">
174 <title>Allowing users to alter configuration</title>
176 <p>If you want to allows users to modify the server configuration in
177 their web space, they will need to use <code>.htaccess</code> files to
178 make these changes. Ensure that you have set <directive
179 module="core">AllowOverride</directive> to a
180 value sufficient for the directives that you want to permit the users
181 to modify. See the <a href="htaccess.html">.htaccess tutorial</a> for
182 additional details on how this works.</p>