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15 <p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.3</p>
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19 <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.3</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Apache's Handler Use</h1>
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27 <p>This document describes the use of Apache's Handlers.</p>
29 <div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#definition">What is a Handler</a></li>
30 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#examples">Examples</a></li>
31 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#programmer">Programmer's Note</a></li>
33 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
35 <h2><a name="definition" id="definition">What is a Handler</a></h2>
37 <table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_actions.html">mod_actions</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_asis.html">mod_asis</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_cgi.html">mod_cgi</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_imagemap.html">mod_imagemap</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_info.html">mod_info</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_mime.html">mod_mime</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_negotiation.html">mod_negotiation</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_status.html">mod_status</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_actions.html#action">Action</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_mime.html#addhandler">AddHandler</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_mime.html#removehandler">RemoveHandler</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#sethandler">SetHandler</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table>
40 <p>A "handler" is an internal Apache representation of the
41 action to be performed when a file is called. Generally, files
42 have implicit handlers, based on the file type. Normally, all
43 files are simply served by the server, but certain file types
44 are "handled" separately.</p>
46 <p>Handlers may also be configured explicitly,
47 based on either filename extensions or on location,
48 without relation to file type. This is
49 advantageous both because it is a more elegant solution, and
50 because it also allows for both a type <strong>and</strong> a
51 handler to be associated with a file. (See also <a href="mod/mod_mime.html#multipleext">Files with Multiple
54 <p>Handlers can either be built into the server or included in
55 a module, or they can be added with the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_actions.html#action">Action</a></code> directive. The
56 built-in handlers in the standard distribution are as
60 <li><strong>default-handler</strong>: Send the file using the
61 <code>default_handler()</code>, which is the handler used by
62 default to handle static content. (core)</li>
64 <li><strong>send-as-is</strong>: Send file with HTTP headers
65 as is. (<code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_asis.html">mod_asis</a></code>)</li>
67 <li><strong>cgi-script</strong>: Treat the file as a CGI
68 script. (<code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_cgi.html">mod_cgi</a></code>)</li>
70 <li><strong>imap-file</strong>: Parse as an imagemap rule
71 file. (<code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_imagemap.html">mod_imagemap</a></code>)</li>
73 <li><strong>server-info</strong>: Get the server's
74 configuration information. (<code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_info.html">mod_info</a></code>)</li>
76 <li><strong>server-status</strong>: Get the server's status
77 report. (<code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_status.html">mod_status</a></code>)</li>
79 <li><strong>type-map</strong>: Parse as a type map file for
80 content negotiation. (<code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_negotiation.html">mod_negotiation</a></code>)</li>
82 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
84 <h2><a name="examples" id="examples">Examples</a></h2>
87 <h3><a name="example1" id="example1">Modifying static content using a CGI script</a></h3>
90 <p>The following directives will cause requests for files with
91 the <code>html</code> extension to trigger the launch of the
92 <code>footer.pl</code> CGI script.</p>
94 <div class="example"><p><code>
95 Action add-footer /cgi-bin/footer.pl<br />
96 AddHandler add-footer .html
99 <p>Then the CGI script is responsible for sending the
100 originally requested document (pointed to by the
101 <code>PATH_TRANSLATED</code> environment variable) and making
102 whatever modifications or additions are desired.</p>
105 <h3><a name="example2" id="example2">Files with HTTP headers</a></h3>
108 <p>The following directives will enable the
109 <code>send-as-is</code> handler, which is used for files which
110 contain their own HTTP headers. All files in the
111 <code>/web/htdocs/asis/</code> directory will be processed by
112 the <code>send-as-is</code> handler, regardless of their
113 filename extensions.</p>
115 <div class="example"><p><code>
116 <Directory /web/htdocs/asis><br />
117 SetHandler send-as-is<br />
122 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
123 <div class="section">
124 <h2><a name="programmer" id="programmer">Programmer's Note</a></h2>
127 <p>In order to implement the handler features, an addition has
128 been made to the <a href="developer/API.html">Apache API</a> that
129 you may wish to make use of. Specifically, a new record has
130 been added to the <code>request_rec</code> structure:</p>
132 <div class="example"><p><code>
136 <p>If you wish to have your module engage a handler, you need
137 only to set <code>r->handler</code> to the name of the
138 handler at any time prior to the <code>invoke_handler</code>
139 stage of the request. Handlers are implemented as they were
140 before, albeit using the handler name instead of a content
141 type. While it is not necessary, the naming convention for
142 handlers is to use a dash-separated word, with no slashes, so
143 as to not invade the media type name-space.</p>
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151 <p class="apache">Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
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