1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
3 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head><!--
4 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
5 This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT
6 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
8 <title>Glossary - Apache HTTP Server</title>
9 <link href="./style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" />
10 <link href="./style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" />
11 <link href="./style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" />
12 <link href="./images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head>
13 <body id="manual-page" class="no-sidebar"><div id="page-header">
14 <p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="./faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
15 <p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.3</p>
16 <img alt="" src="./images/feather.gif" /></div>
17 <div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div>
19 <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.3</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Glossary</h1>
21 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./de/glossary.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> |
22 <a href="./en/glossary.html" title="English"> en </a> |
23 <a href="./es/glossary.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español"> es </a> |
24 <a href="./ko/glossary.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a></p>
27 <p>This glossary defines some of the common terminology related to Apache in
28 particular, and web serving in general. More information on each concept
29 is provided in the links.</p>
31 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
33 <h2><a name="definitions" id="definitions">Definitions</a></h2>
36 <dt><a name="accesscontrol" id="accesscontrol">Access Control</a></dt>
37 <dd>The restriction of access to network realms. In an Apache context
38 usually the restriction of access to certain <em>URLs</em>.<br /> See: <a href="howto/auth.html">Authentication, Authorization, and Access
42 <dt><a name="algorithm" id="algorithm">Algorithm</a></dt>
44 <dd>An unambiguous formula or set of rules for solving a problem in a finite
45 number of steps. Algorithms for encryption are usually called
49 <dt><a name="apacheextensiontool" id="apacheextensiontool">APache
50 eXtension Tool</a> <a name="apxs" id="apxs">(apxs)</a></dt>
51 <dd>A perl script that aids in compiling <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#module" title="see glossary">module</a> sources into Dynamic Shared Objects
52 (<a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#dso" title="see glossary">DSO</a>s) and helps install them in the
53 Apache Web server.<br />
54 See: Manual Page: <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apxs.html">apxs</a></code>
57 <dt><a name="apacheportableruntime" id="apacheportableruntime">Apache Portable Runtime</a> <a name="apr" id="apr">(APR)</a></dt>
58 <dd>A set of libraries providing many of the basic interfaces
59 between the server and the operating system. APR is developed
60 parallel to the Apache HTTP Server as an independent project.<br />
61 See: <a href="http://apr.apache.org/">Apache Portable Runtime
65 <dt><a name="authentication" id="authentication">Authentication</a></dt>
66 <dd>The positive identification of a network entity such as a server, a
67 client, or a user.<br />
68 See: <a href="howto/auth.html">Authentication, Authorization, and Access
72 <dt><a name="certificate" id="certificate">Certificate</a></dt>
73 <dd>A data record used for authenticating network entities such
74 as a server or a client. A certificate contains X.509 information pieces
75 about its owner (called the subject) and the signing <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#certificationauthority" title="see glossary">Certification Authority</a> (called
76 the issuer), plus the owner's <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#publickey" title="see glossary">public
78 signature made by the CA. Network entities verify these signatures
79 using CA certificates.<br />
80 See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
83 <dt><a name="certificatsigningrequest" id="certificatsigningrequest">Certificate Signing Request</a>
84 <a name="csr" id="csr">(CSR)</a></dt>
85 <dd>An unsigned <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#certificate" title="see glossary">certificate</a> for
86 submission to a <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#certificationauthority" title="see glossary">Certification
87 Authority</a>, which signs it with the <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#privatekey" title="see glossary">Private Key</a> of their CA
88 <em>Certificate</em>. Once the CSR is signed, it becomes a real
90 See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
93 <dt><a name="certificationauthority" id="certificationauthority">Certification Authority</a>
94 <a name="ca" id="ca">(CA)</a></dt>
95 <dd>A trusted third party whose purpose is to sign certificates for network
96 entities it has authenticated using secure means. Other network entities
97 can check the signature to verify that a CA has authenticated the bearer
98 of a certificate.<br />
99 See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
102 <dt><a name="cipher" id="cipher">Cipher</a></dt>
103 <dd>An algorithm or system for data encryption. Examples are DES, IDEA, RC4,
105 See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
108 <dt><a name="ciphertext" id="ciphertext">Ciphertext</a></dt>
109 <dd>The result after <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#plaintext" title="see glossary">Plaintext</a> is
110 passed through a <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#cipher" title="see glossary">Cipher</a>.<br /> See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
113 <dt><a name="commongatewayinterface" id="commongatewayinterface">Common
114 Gateway Interface</a> <a name="cgi" id="cgi">(CGI)</a></dt>
115 <dd>A standard definition for an interface between a web server and an
116 external program that allows the external program to service requests.
117 The interface was originally defined by <a href="http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/cgi/overview.html">NCSA</a> but there
118 is also an <a href="http://cgi-spec.golux.com/">RFC project</a>.<br />
119 See: <a href="howto/cgi.html">Dynamic Content with CGI</a>
122 <dt><a name="configurationdirective" id="configurationdirective">Configuration Directive</a></dt>
123 <dd>See: <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#directive" title="see glossary">Directive</a></dd>
125 <dt><a name="configurationfile" id="configurationfile">Configuration
127 <dd>A text file containing <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#directive" title="see glossary">Directives</a>
128 that control the configuration of Apache.<br />
129 See: <a href="configuring.html">Configuration Files</a>
132 <dt><a name="connect" id="connect">CONNECT</a></dt>
133 <dd>An HTTP <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#method" title="see glossary">method</a> for proxying raw data
134 channels over HTTP. It can be used to encapsulate other protocols, such as
138 <dt><a name="context" id="context">Context</a></dt>
139 <dd>An area in the <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#configurationfile" title="see glossary">configuration
140 files</a> where certain types of <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#directive" title="see glossary">directives</a> are allowed.<br />
141 See: <a href="mod/directive-dict.html#Context">Terms Used to Describe
142 Apache Directives</a>
145 <dt><a name="digitalsignature" id="digitalsignature">Digital
147 <dd>An encrypted text block that validates a certificate or other file. A
148 <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#certificationauthority" title="see glossary">Certification Authority</a>
149 creates a signature by generating a hash of the <em>Public Key</em>
150 embedded in a <em>Certificate</em>, then encrypting the hash with its own
151 <em>Private Key</em>. Only the CA's public key can decrypt the signature,
152 verifying that the CA has authenticated the network entity that owns the
153 <em>Certificate</em>.<br />
154 See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
157 <dt><a name="directive" id="directive">Directive</a></dt>
158 <dd>A configuration command that controls one or more aspects of Apache's
159 behavior. Directives are placed in the <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#configurationfile" title="see glossary">Configuration File</a><br />
160 See: <a href="mod/directives.html">Directive Index</a>
163 <dt><a name="dynamicsharedobject" id="dynamicsharedobject">Dynamic
164 Shared Object</a> <a name="dso" id="dso">(DSO)</a></dt>
165 <dd><a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#module" title="see glossary">Modules</a> compiled separately from the
166 Apache <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> binary that can be loaded on-demand.<br />
167 See: <a href="dso.html">Dynamic Shared Object Support</a>
170 <dt><a name="environmentvariable" id="environmentvariable">Environment
171 Variable</a> <a name="env-variable" id="env-variable">(env-variable)</a></dt>
172 <dd>Named variables managed by the operating system shell and used to store
173 information and communicate between programs. Apache also contains
174 internal variables that are referred to as environment variables, but are
175 stored in internal Apache structures, rather than in the shell
177 See: <a href="env.html">Environment Variables in Apache</a>
180 <dt><a name="export-crippled" id="export-crippled">Export-Crippled</a></dt>
181 <dd>Diminished in cryptographic strength (and security) in order to comply
182 with the United States' Export Administration Regulations (EAR).
183 Export-crippled cryptographic software is limited to a small key size,
184 resulting in <em>Ciphertext</em> which usually can be decrypted by brute
186 See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
189 <dt><a name="filter" id="filter">Filter</a></dt>
190 <dd>A process that is applied to data that is sent or received by the
191 server. Input filters process data sent by the client to the server,
192 while output filters process documents on the server before they are sent
193 to the client. For example, the <code>INCLUDES</code> output filter
194 processes documents for <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#ssi" title="see glossary">Server Side
196 See: <a href="filter.html">Filters</a>
199 <dt><a name="fully-qualifieddomain-name" id="fully-qualifieddomain-name">Fully-Qualified Domain-Name</a>
200 <a name="fqdn" id="fqdn">(FQDN)</a></dt>
201 <dd>The unique name of a network entity, consisting of a hostname and a
202 domain name that can resolve to an IP address. For example,
203 <code>www</code> is a hostname, <code>example.com</code> is a domain name,
204 and <code>www.example.com</code> is a fully-qualified domain name.
207 <dt><a name="handler" id="handler">Handler</a></dt>
208 <dd>An internal Apache representation of the action to be performed when a
209 file is called. Generally, files have implicit handlers, based on the file
210 type. Normally, all files are simply served by the server, but certain
211 file types are "handled" separately. For example, the
212 <code>cgi-script</code> handler designates files to be processed as
213 <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#cgi" title="see glossary">CGIs</a>.<br />
214 See: <a href="handler.html">Apache's Handler Use</a>
217 <dt><a name="hash" id="hash">Hash</a></dt>
218 <dd>A mathematical one-way, irreversable algorithm generating a string with
219 fixed-length from another string of any length. Different input strings
220 will usually produce different hashes (depending on the hash function).
223 <dt><a name="header" id="header">Header</a></dt>
224 <dd>The part of the <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#http" title="see glossary">HTTP</a> request and
225 response that is sent before the actual content, and that contains
226 meta-information describing the content.
229 <dt><a name="htaccess" id="htaccess">.htaccess</a></dt>
230 <dd>A <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#configurationfile" title="see glossary">configuration file</a> that
231 is placed inside the web tree and applies configuration <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#directive" title="see glossary">directives</a> to the directory where it is
232 placed and all sub-directories. Despite its name, this file can hold
233 almost any type of directive, not just access-control directives.<br />
234 See: <a href="configuring.html">Configuration Files</a>
237 <dt><a name="httpd.conf" id="httpd.conf">httpd.conf</a></dt>
238 <dd>The main Apache <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#configurationfile" title="see glossary">configuration
239 file</a>. The default location is
240 <code>/usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf</code>, but it may be moved using
241 run-time or compile-time configuration.<br />
242 See: <a href="configuring.html">Configuration Files</a>
245 <dt><a name="hypertexttransferprotocol" id="hypertexttransferprotocol">HyperText Transfer Protocol</a>
246 <a name="http" id="hhtp">(HTTP)</a></dt>
247 <dd>The standard transmission protocol used on the World Wide Web. Apache
248 implements version 1.1 of the protocol, referred to as HTTP/1.1 and
249 defined by <a href="http://ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt">RFC 2616</a>.
252 <dt><a name="https" id="https">HTTPS</a></dt>
253 <dd>The HyperText Transfer Protocol (Secure), the standard encrypted
254 communication mechanism on the World Wide Web. This is actually just HTTP
255 over <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#ssl" title="see glossary">SSL</a>.<br />
256 See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
259 <dt><a name="method" id="method">Method</a></dt>
260 <dd>In the context of <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#http" title="see glossary">HTTP</a>, an action to
261 perform on a resource, specified on the request line by the client. Some
262 of the methods available in HTTP are <code>GET</code>, <code>POST</code>,
263 and <code>PUT</code>.
266 <dt><a name="messagedigest" id="messagedigest">Message Digest</a></dt>
267 <dd>A hash of a message, which can be used to verify that the contents of
268 the message have not been altered in transit.<br />
269 See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
272 <dt><a name="mime-type" id="mime-type">MIME-type</a></dt>
273 <dd>A way to describe the kind of document being transmitted. Its name
274 comes from that fact that its format is borrowed from the Multipurpose
275 Internet Mail Extensions. It consists of a major type and a minor type,
276 separated by a slash. Some examples are <code>text/html</code>,
277 <code>image/gif</code>, and <code>application/octet-stream</code>. In
278 HTTP, the MIME-type is transmitted in the <code>Content-Type</code>
279 <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#header" title="see glossary">header</a>.<br />
280 See: <a href="mod/mod_mime.html">mod_mime</a>
283 <dt><a name="module" id="module">Module</a></dt>
284 <dd>An independent part of a program. Much of Apache's functionality is
285 contained in modules that you can choose to include or exclude. Modules
286 that are compiled into the Apache <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> binary are
287 called <dfn>static modules</dfn>, while modules that are stored
288 separately and can be optionally loaded at run-time are called
289 <dfn>dynamic modules</dfn> or <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#dso" title="see glossary">DSOs</a>.
290 Modules that are included by default
291 are called <dfn>base modules</dfn>. Many modules are available for Apache
292 that are not distributed as part of the Apache HTTP Server <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#tarball" title="see glossary">tarball</a>. These are referred to as
293 <dfn>third-party modules</dfn>.<br />
294 See: <a href="mod/">Module Index</a>
297 <dt><a name="modulemagicnumber" id="modulemagicnumber">Module Magic
298 Number</a> (<a name="mmn" id="mmn">MMN</a>)</dt>
299 <dd>Module Magic Number is a constant defined in the Apache source code that
300 is associated with binary compatibility of modules. It is changed when
301 internal Apache structures, function calls and other significant parts of
302 API change in such a way that binary compatibility cannot be guaranteed
303 any more. On MMN change, all third party modules have to be at least
304 recompiled, sometimes even slightly changed in order to work with the new
308 <dt><a name="openssl" id="openssl">OpenSSL</a></dt>
309 <dd>The Open Source toolkit for SSL/TLS<br />
310 See <a href="http://www.openssl.org/">http://www.openssl.org/</a>#
313 <dt><a name="passphrase" id="passphrase">Pass Phrase</a></dt>
314 <dd>The word or phrase that protects private key files. It prevents
315 unauthorized users from encrypting them. Usually it's just the secret
316 encryption/decryption key used for <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#cipher" title="see glossary">Ciphers</a>.<br />
317 See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
320 <dt><a name="plaintext" id="plaintext">Plaintext</a></dt>
321 <dd>The unencrypted text.</dd>
323 <dt><a name="privatekey" id="privatekey">Private Key</a></dt>
324 <dd>The secret key in a <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#publickeycryptography" title="see glossary">Public Key
325 Cryptography</a> system, used to decrypt incoming messages and
326 sign outgoing ones.<br />
327 See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
330 <dt><a name="proxy" id="proxy">Proxy</a></dt>
331 <dd>An intermediate server that sits between the client and the <em>origin
332 server</em>. It accepts requests from clients, transmits those requests
333 on to the origin server, and then returns the response from the origin
334 server to the client. If several clients request the same content, the
335 proxy can deliver that content from its cache, rather than requesting it
336 from the origin server each time, thereby reducing response time.<br />
337 See: <a href="mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a>
340 <dt><a name="publickey" id="publickey">Public Key</a></dt>
341 <dd>The publicly available key in a <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#publickeycryptography" title="see glossary">Public Key Cryptography</a> system,
342 used to encrypt messages bound for its owner and to decrypt signatures
343 made by its owner.<br />
344 See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
347 <dt><a name="publickeycryptography" id="publickeycryptography">Public Key Cryptography</a></dt>
348 <dd>The study and application of asymmetric encryption systems, which use
349 one key for encryption and another for decryption. A corresponding pair of
350 such keys constitutes a key pair. Also called Asymmetric Cryptography.
352 See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
355 <dt><a name="regularexpresion" id="regularexpresion">Regular Expression</a>
356 <a name="regex" id="regex">(Regex)</a></dt>
357 <dd>A way of describing a pattern in text - for example, "all the words that
358 begin with the letter A" or "every 10-digit phone number" or even "Every
359 sentence with two commas in it, and no capital letter Q". Regular
360 expressions are useful in Apache because they let you apply certain
361 attributes against collections of files or resources in very flexible ways
362 - for example, all .gif and .jpg files under any "images" directory could
363 be written as "<code>/images/.*(jpg|gif)$</code>". Apache uses Perl
364 Compatible Regular Expressions provided by the <a href="http://www.pcre.org/">PCRE</a> library.
367 <dt><a name="reverseproxy" id="reverseproxy">Reverse Proxy</a></dt>
368 <dd>A <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#proxy" title="see glossary">proxy</a> server that appears to the client
369 as if it is an <em>origin server</em>. This is useful to hide the real
370 origin server from the client for security reasons, or to load balance.
373 <dt><a name="securesocketslayer" id="securesocketslayer">Secure Sockets
374 Layer</a> <a name="ssl" id="ssl">(SSL)</a></dt>
375 <dd>A protocol created by Netscape Communications Corporation for general
376 communication authentication and encryption over TCP/IP networks. The most
377 popular usage is <em>HTTPS</em>, i.e. the HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
379 See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
382 <dt><a name="serversideincludes" id="serversideincludes">Server Side
383 Includes</a> <a name="ssi" id="ssi">(SSI)</a></dt>
384 <dd>A technique for embedding processing directives inside HTML files.<br />
385 See: <a href="howto/ssi.html">Introduction to Server Side Includes</a>
388 <dt><a name="session" id="session">Session</a></dt>
389 <dd>The context information of a communication in general.</dd>
391 <dt><a name="ssleay" id="ssleay">SSLeay</a></dt>
392 <dd>The original SSL/TLS implementation library developed by Eric A.
396 <dt><a name="symmetriccryptophraphy" id="symmetriccryptophraphy">Symmetric
397 Cryptography</a></dt>
398 <dd>The study and application of <em>Ciphers</em> that use a single secret key
399 for both encryption and decryption operations.<br />
400 See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
403 <dt><a name="tarball" id="tarball">Tarball</a></dt>
404 <dd>A package of files gathered together using the <code>tar</code> utility.
405 Apache distributions are stored in compressed tar archives or using
409 <dt><a name="transportlayersecurity" id="transportlayersecurity">Transport
410 Layer Security</a> <a name="tls" id="tls">(TLS)</a></dt>
411 <dd>The successor protocol to SSL, created by the Internet Engineering Task
412 Force (IETF) for general communication authentication and encryption over
413 TCP/IP networks. TLS version 1 and is nearly identical with SSL version
415 See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
418 <dt><a name="uniformresourcelocator" id="uniformresourcelocator">Uniform
419 Resource Locator</a> <a name="url" id="url">(URL)</a></dt>
420 <dd>The name/address of a resource on the Internet. This is the common
421 informal term for what is formally called a <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#uniformresourceidentifier" title="see glossary">Uniform Resource Identifier</a>.
422 URLs are usually made up of a scheme, like <code>http</code> or
423 <code>https</code>, a hostname, and a path. A URL for this page might
424 be <code>http://httpd.apache.org/docs/trunk/glossary.html</code>.
427 <dt><a name="uniformresourceidentifier" id="uniformresourceidentifier">Uniform Resource Identifier</a>
428 <a name="URI" id="URI">(URI)</a></dt>
429 <dd>A compact string of characters for identifying an abstract or physical
430 resource. It is formally defined by <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt">RFC 2396</a>. URIs used on the
431 world-wide web are commonly referred to as <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#url" title="see glossary">URLs</a>.
434 <dt><a name="virtualhosting" id="virtualhosting">Virtual Hosting</a></dt>
435 <dd>Serving multiple websites using a single instance of Apache. <em>IP
436 virtual hosting</em> differentiates between websites based on their IP
437 address, while <em>name-based virtual hosting</em> uses only the name of the
438 host and can therefore host many sites on the same IP address.<br />
439 See: <a href="vhosts/">Apache Virtual Host documentation</a>
442 <dt><a name="x.509" id="x.509">X.509</a></dt>
443 <dd>An authentication certificate scheme recommended by the International
444 Telecommunication Union (ITU-T) which is used for SSL/TLS authentication.<br /> See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
448 <div class="bottomlang">
449 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./de/glossary.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> |
450 <a href="./en/glossary.html" title="English"> en </a> |
451 <a href="./es/glossary.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español"> es </a> |
452 <a href="./ko/glossary.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a></p>
453 </div><div id="footer">
454 <p class="apache">Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
455 <p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="./faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div>