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17 <p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
18 <p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</p>
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22 <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.5</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>API Changes in Apache HTTP Server 2.4 since 2.2</h1>
24 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/developer/new_api_2_4.html" title="English"> en </a></p>
27 <p>This document describes changes to the Apache HTTPD API from
28 version 2.2 to 2.4, that may be of interest to module/application
29 developers and core hacks. As of the first GA release of the
30 2.4 branch API compatibility is preserved for the life of the
32 <a href="http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/httpd/httpd/branches/2.4.x/VERSIONING">VERSIONING</a>
33 description for the 2.4 release provides more information about API
36 <p>API changes fall into two categories: APIs that are altogether new,
37 and existing APIs that are expanded or changed. The latter are
38 further divided into those where all changes are backwards-compatible
39 (so existing modules can ignore them), and those that might
40 require attention by maintainers. As with the transition from
41 HTTPD 2.0 to 2.2, existing modules and applications will require
42 recompiling and may call for some attention, but most should not
43 require any substantial updating (although some may be able to
44 take advantage of API changes to offer significant improvements).</p>
45 <p>For the purpose of this document, the API is split according
46 to the public header files. These headers are themselves the
47 reference documentation, and can be used to generate a browsable
48 HTML reference with <code>make docs</code>.</p>
50 <div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#api_changes">Changed APIs</a></li>
51 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#upgrading">Specific information on upgrading modules from 2.2</a></li>
52 </ul><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
53 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
55 <h2><a name="api_changes" id="api_changes">Changed APIs</a></h2>
58 <h3><a name="ap_expr" id="ap_expr">ap_expr (NEW!)</a></h3>
60 <p>Introduces a new API to parse and evaluate boolean and algebraic
61 expressions, including provision for a standard syntax and
62 customised variants.</p>
65 <h3><a name="ap_listen" id="ap_listen">ap_listen (changed; backwards-compatible)</a></h3>
67 <p>Introduces a new API to enable httpd child processes to serve
68 different purposes.</p>
71 <h3><a name="ap_mpm" id="ap_mpm">ap_mpm (changed)</a></h3>
73 <p><code>ap_mpm_run</code> is replaced by a new <code>mpm</code> hook.
74 Also <code>ap_graceful_stop_signalled</code> is lost, and
75 <code>ap_mpm_register_timed_callback</code> is new.</p>
78 <h3><a name="ap_regex" id="ap_regex">ap_regex (changed)</a></h3>
80 <p>In addition to the existing regexp wrapper, a new higher-level API
81 <code>ap_rxplus</code> is now provided. This provides the capability to
82 compile Perl-style expressions like <code>s/regexp/replacement/flags</code>
83 and to execute them against arbitrary strings. Support for regexp
84 backreferences is also added.</p>
87 <h3><a name="ap_slotmem" id="ap_slotmem">ap_slotmem (NEW!)</a></h3>
89 <p>Introduces an API for modules to allocate and manage memory slots,
90 most commonly for shared memory.</p>
93 <h3><a name="ap_socache" id="ap_socache">ap_socache (NEW!)</a></h3>
95 <p>API to manage a shared object cache.</p>
98 <h3><a name="heartbeat" id="heartbeat">heartbeat (NEW!)</a></h3>
100 <p>common structures for heartbeat modules</p>
103 <h3><a name="ap_parse_htaccess" id="ap_parse_htaccess">ap_parse_htaccess (changed)</a></h3>
105 <p>The function signature for <code>ap_parse_htaccess</code> has been
106 changed. A <code>apr_table_t</code> of individual directives allowed
107 for override must now be passed (override remains).</p>
110 <h3><a name="http_config" id="http_config">http_config (changed)</a></h3>
113 <li>Introduces per-module, per-directory loglevels, including macro wrappers.</li>
114 <li>New <code>AP_DECLARE_MODULE</code> macro to declare all modules.</li>
115 <li>New <code>APLOG_USE_MODULE</code> macro necessary for per-module loglevels in
116 multi-file modules.</li>
117 <li>New API to retain data across module unload/load</li>
118 <li>New <code>check_config</code> hook</li>
119 <li>New <code>ap_process_fnmatch_configs()</code> function to process wildcards</li>
120 <li>Change <code>ap_configfile_t</code>, <code>ap_cfg_getline()</code>,
121 <code>ap_cfg_getc()</code> to return error codes, and add
122 <code>ap_pcfg_strerror()</code> for retrieving an error description.</li>
123 <li>Any config directive permitted in ACCESS_CONF context must now
124 correctly handle being called from an .htaccess file via the new
125 <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#allowoverridelist">AllowOverrideList</a></code> directive.
126 ap_check_cmd_context() accepts a new flag NOT_IN_HTACCESS to detect
131 <h3><a name="http_core" id="http_core">http_core (changed)</a></h3>
134 <li>REMOVED <code>ap_default_type</code>, <code>ap_requires</code>, all
136 <li>Introduces Optional Functions for logio and authnz</li>
137 <li>New function <code>ap_get_server_name_for_url</code> to support IPv6
139 <li>New function <code>ap_register_errorlog_handler</code> to register error log
140 format string handlers.</li>
141 <li>Arguments of <code>error_log</code> hook have changed. Declaration has moved to
142 <code>http_core.h</code>.</li>
143 <li>New function <code>ap_state_query</code> to determine if the server is in the
144 initial configuration preflight phase or not. This is both easier to
145 use and more correct than the old method of creating a pool userdata
146 entry in the process pool.</li>
147 <li>New function <code>ap_get_conn_socket</code> to get the socket descriptor for a
148 connection. This should be used instead of accessing the core
149 connection config directly.</li>
153 <h3><a name="httpd" id="httpd">httpd (changed)</a></h3>
156 <li>Introduce per-directory, per-module loglevel</li>
157 <li>New loglevels <code>APLOG_TRACEn</code></li>
158 <li>Introduce errorlog ids for requests and connections</li>
159 <li>Support for mod_request kept_body</li>
160 <li>Support buffering filter data for async requests</li>
161 <li>New <code>CONN_STATE</code> values</li>
162 <li>Function changes: <code>ap_escape_html</code> updated;
163 <code>ap_unescape_all</code>, <code>ap_escape_path_segment_buffer</code></li>
164 <li>Modules that load other modules later than the <code>EXEC_ON_READ</code> config
165 reading stage need to call <code>ap_reserve_module_slots()</code> or
166 <code>ap_reserve_module_slots_directive()</code> in their
167 <code>pre_config hook</code>.</li>
168 <li>The useragent IP address per request can now be tracked
169 independently of the client IP address of the connection, for
170 support of deployments with load balancers.</li>
174 <h3><a name="http_log" id="http_log">http_log (changed)</a></h3>
177 <li>Introduce per-directory, per-module loglevel</li>
178 <li>New loglevels <code>APLOG_TRACEn</code></li>
179 <li><code>ap_log_*error</code> become macro wrappers (backwards-compatible if
180 <code>APLOG_MARK</code> macro is used, except that is no longer possible to
181 use <code>#ifdef</code> inside the argument list)</li>
182 <li>piped logging revamped</li>
183 <li><code>module_index</code> added to error_log hook</li>
184 <li>new function: <code>ap_log_command_line</code></li>
188 <h3><a name="http_request" id="http_request">http_request (changed)</a></h3>
191 <li>New auth_internal API and auth_provider API</li>
192 <li>New <code>EOR</code> bucket type</li>
193 <li>New function <code>ap_process_async_request</code></li>
194 <li>New flags <code>AP_AUTH_INTERNAL_PER_CONF</code> and
195 <code>AP_AUTH_INTERNAL_PER_URI</code></li>
196 <li>New <code>access_checker_ex</code> hook to apply additional access control
197 and/or bypass authentication.</li>
198 <li>New functions <code>ap_hook_check_access_ex</code>,
199 <code>ap_hook_check_access</code>, <code>ap_hook_check_authn</code>,
200 <code>ap_hook_check_authz</code> which accept
201 <code>AP_AUTH_INTERNAL_PER_*</code> flags</li>
202 <li>DEPRECATED direct use of <code>ap_hook_access_checker</code>,
203 <code>access_checker_ex</code>, <code>ap_hook_check_user_id</code>,
204 <code>ap_hook_auth_checker</code></li>
206 <p>When possible, registering all access control hooks (including
207 authentication and authorization hooks) using <code>AP_AUTH_INTERNAL_PER_CONF</code>
208 is recommended. If all modules' access control hooks are registered
209 with this flag, then whenever the server handles an internal
210 sub-request that matches the same set of access control configuration
211 directives as the initial request (which is the common case), it can
212 avoid invoking the access control hooks another time.</p>
213 <p>If your module requires the old behavior and must perform access
214 control checks on every sub-request with a different URI from the
215 initial request, even if that URI matches the same set of access
216 control configuration directives, then use
217 <code>AP_AUTH_INTERNAL_PER_URI</code>.</p>
220 <h3><a name="mod_auth" id="mod_auth">mod_auth (NEW!)</a></h3>
222 <p>Introduces the new provider framework for authn and authz</p>
225 <h3><a name="mod_cache" id="mod_cache">mod_cache (changed)</a></h3>
227 <p>Introduces a <code>commit_entity()</code> function to the cache provider
228 interface, allowing atomic writes to cache. Add a <code>cache_status()</code>
229 hook to report the cache decision. All private structures and functions were
233 <h3><a name="mod_core" id="mod_core">mod_core (NEW!)</a></h3>
235 <p>This introduces low-level APIs to send arbitrary headers,
236 and exposes functions to handle HTTP OPTIONS and TRACE.</p>
239 <h3><a name="mod_cache_disk" id="mod_cache_disk">mod_cache_disk (changed)</a></h3>
241 <p>Changes the disk format of the disk cache to support atomic cache
242 updates without locking. The device/inode pair of the body file is
243 embedded in the header file, allowing confirmation that the header
244 and body belong to one another.</p>
247 <h3><a name="mod_disk_cache" id="mod_disk_cache">mod_disk_cache (renamed)</a></h3>
249 <p>The mod_disk_cache module has been renamed to mod_cache_disk in
250 order to be consistent with the naming of other modules within the
254 <h3><a name="mod_request" id="mod_request">mod_request (NEW!)</a></h3>
256 <p>The API for <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_request.html">mod_request</a></code>, to make input data
257 available to multiple application/handler modules where required,
258 and to parse HTML form data.</p>
261 <h3><a name="mpm_common" id="mpm_common">mpm_common (changed)</a></h3>
264 <li>REMOVES: <code>accept</code>, <code>lockfile</code>, <code>lock_mech</code>,
265 <code>set_scoreboard</code> (locking uses the new ap_mutex API)</li>
266 <li>NEW API to drop privileges (delegates this platform-dependent
267 function to modules)</li>
268 <li>NEW Hooks: <code>mpm_query</code>, <code>timed_callback</code>, and
269 <code>get_name</code></li>
270 <li>CHANGED interfaces: <code>monitor</code> hook,
271 <code>ap_reclaim_child_processes</code>,
272 <code>ap_relieve_child_processes</code></li>
276 <h3><a name="scoreboard" id="scoreboard">scoreboard (changed)</a></h3>
278 <p><code>ap_get_scoreboard_worker</code> is made non-backwards-compatible
279 as an alternative version is introduced. Additional proxy_balancer
280 support. Child status stuff revamped.</p>
283 <h3><a name="util_cookies" id="util_cookies">util_cookies (NEW!)</a></h3>
285 <p>Introduces a new API for managing HTTP Cookies.</p>
288 <h3><a name="util_ldap" id="util_ldap">util_ldap (changed)</a></h3>
290 <p><em>no description available</em></p>
293 <h3><a name="util_mutex" id="util_mutex">util_mutex (NEW!)</a></h3>
295 <p>A wrapper for APR proc and global mutexes in httpd, providing
296 common configuration for the underlying mechanism and location
300 <h3><a name="util_script" id="util_script">util_script (changed)</a></h3>
302 <p>NEW: <code>ap_args_to_table</code></p>
305 <h3><a name="util_time" id="util_time">util_time (changed)</a></h3>
307 <p>NEW: <code>ap_recent_ctime_ex</code></p>
310 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
311 <div class="section">
312 <h2><a name="upgrading" id="upgrading">Specific information on upgrading modules from 2.2</a></h2>
315 <h3><a name="upgrading_logging" id="upgrading_logging">Logging</a></h3>
317 <p>In order to take advantage of per-module loglevel configuration, any
318 source file that calls the <code>ap_log_*</code> functions should declare
319 which module it belongs to. If the module's module_struct is called
320 <code>foo_module</code>, the following code can be used to remain
321 backward compatible with HTTPD 2.0 and 2.2:</p>
322 <div class="example"><p><code>
323 #include <http_log.h><br />
325 #ifdef APLOG_USE_MODULE<br />
326 APLOG_USE_MODULE(foo);<br />
329 <p>Note: This is absolutely required for C++-language modules. It
330 can be skipped for C-language modules, though that breaks
331 module-specific log level support for files without it.</p>
332 <p>The number of parameters of the <code>ap_log_*</code> functions and the
333 definition of <code>APLOG_MARK</code> has changed. Normally, the change
334 is completely transparent. However, changes are required if a
335 module uses <code>APLOG_MARK</code> as a parameter to its own functions
336 or if a module calls <code>ap_log_*</code> without passing
337 <code>APLOG_MARK</code>. A module which uses wrappers
338 around <code>ap_log_*</code> typically uses both of these constructs.</p>
340 <p>The easiest way to change code which passes <code>APLOG_MARK</code> to
341 its own functions is to define and use a different macro that expands to
342 the parameters required by those functions, as <code>APLOG_MARK</code>
343 should only be used when calling <code>ap_log_*</code>
344 directly. In this way, the code will remain compatible with HTTPD 2.0
347 <p>Code which calls <code>ap_log_*</code> without passing
348 <code>APLOG_MARK</code> will necessarily differ between 2.4 and earlier
349 releases, as 2.4 requires a new third argument,
350 <code>APLOG_MODULE_INDEX</code>.</p>
352 <div class="example"><p><code>
353 /* code for httpd 2.0/2.2 */<br />
354 ap_log_perror(file, line, APLOG_ERR, 0, p, "Failed to allocate dynamic lock structure");<br />
356 /* code for httpd 2.4 */<br />
357 ap_log_perror(file, line, APLOG_MODULE_INDEX, APLOG_ERR, 0, p, "Failed to allocate dynamic lock structure");<br />
361 <p><code>ap_log_*error</code> are now implemented as macros. This means
362 that it is no longer possible to use <code>#ifdef</code> inside the
363 argument list of <code>ap_log_*error</code>, as this would cause
364 undefined behavor according to C99.</p>
366 <p>A <code>server_rec</code> pointer must be passed to
367 <code>ap_log_error()</code> when called after startup. This
368 was always appropriate, but there are even more limitations with
369 a <code>NULL</code> <code>server_rec</code> in 2.4 than in
370 previous releases. Beginning with 2.3.12, the global variable
371 <code>ap_server_conf</code> can always be used as
372 the <code>server_rec</code> parameter, as it will be
373 <code>NULL</code> only when it is valid to pass <code>NULL</code>
374 to <code>ap_log_error()</code>. <code>ap_server_conf</code>
375 should be used only when a more appropriate <code>server_rec</code>
376 is not available.</p>
378 <p>Consider the following changes to take advantage of the new
379 <code>APLOG_TRACE1..8</code> log levels:</p>
381 <li>Check current use of <code>APLOG_DEBUG</code> and
382 consider if one of the <code>APLOG_TRACEn</code> levels is
383 more appropriate.</li>
384 <li>If your module currently has a mechanism for configuring
385 the amount of debug logging which is performed, consider
386 eliminating that mechanism and relying on the use of
387 different <code>APLOG_TRACEn</code> levels. If expensive
388 trace processing needs to be bypassed depending on the
389 configured log level, use the <code>APLOGtrace<em>n</em></code>
390 and <code>APLOGrtrace<em>n</em></code> macros to first check
391 if tracing is enabled.</li>
394 <p>Modules sometimes add process id and/or thread id to their log
395 messages. These ids are now logged by default, so it may not
396 be necessary for the module to log them explicitly. (Users may
397 remove them from the error log format, but they can be
398 instructed to add it back if necessary for problem diagnosis.)</p>
401 <h3><a name="upgrading_byfunction" id="upgrading_byfunction">If your module uses these existing APIs...</a></h3>
405 <dt><code>ap_default_type()</code></dt>
406 <dd>This is no longer available; Content-Type must be configured
407 explicitly or added by the application.</dd>
409 <dt><code>ap_get_server_name()</code></dt>
410 <dd>If the returned server name is used in a URL,
411 use <code>ap_get_server_name_for_url()</code> instead. This new
412 function handles the odd case where the server name is an IPv6
413 literal address.</dd>
415 <dt><code>ap_get_server_version()</code></dt>
416 <dd>For logging purposes, where detailed information is
417 appropriate, use <code>ap_get_server_description()</code>.
418 When generating output, where the amount of information
419 should be configurable by ServerTokens, use
420 <code>ap_get_server_banner()</code>.</dd>
422 <dt><code>ap_graceful_stop_signalled()</code></dt>
423 <dd>Replace with a call
424 to <code>ap_mpm_query(AP_MPMQ_MPM_STATE)</code> and checking for
425 state <code>AP_MPMQ_STOPPING</code>.</dd>
427 <dt><code>ap_max_daemons_limit</code>, <code>ap_my_generation</code>,
428 and <code>ap_threads_per_child</code></dt>
429 <dd>Use <code>ap_mpm_query()</code> query codes
430 <code>AP_MPMQ_MAX_DAEMON_USED</code>, <code>AP_MPMQ_GENERATION</code>,
431 and <code>AP_MPMQ_MAX_THREADS</code>, respectively.</dd>
433 <dt><code>ap_mpm_query()</code></dt>
434 <dd>Ensure that it is not used until after the register-hooks
435 hook has completed. Otherwise, an MPM built as a DSO
436 would not have had a chance to enable support for this
439 <dt><code>ap_requires()</code></dt>
440 <dd>The core server now provides better infrastructure for handling
441 <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#require">Require</a></code> configuration.
442 Register an auth provider function for each supported entity using
443 <code>ap_register_auth_provider()</code>. The function will be
444 called as necessary during <code class="directive">Require</code>
445 processing. (Consult bundled modules for detailed examples.)</dd>
447 <dt><code>ap_server_conf->process->pool</code>
452 <li>If your module uses this to determine which pass of the
453 startup hooks is being run,
454 use <code>ap_state_query(AP_SQ_MAIN_STATE)</code>.</li>
455 <li>If your module uses this to maintain data across the
456 unloading and reloading of your module, use
457 <code>ap_retained_data_create()</code> and
458 <code>ap_retained_data_get()</code>.</li>
462 <dt><code>apr_global_mutex_create()</code>,
463 <code>apr_proc_mutex_create()</code></dt>
464 <dd>Optional: See <code>ap_mutex_register()</code>,
465 <code>ap_global_mutex_create()</code>, and
466 <code>ap_proc_mutex_create()</code>; these allow your
467 mutexes to be configurable with
468 the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#mutex">Mutex</a></code> directive;
469 you can also remove any configuration mechanisms in your
470 module for such mutexes
473 <dt><code>CORE_PRIVATE</code></dt>
474 <dd>This is now unnecessary and ignored.</dd>
476 <dt><code>dav_new_error()</code>
477 and <code>dav_new_error_tag()</code></dt>
478 <dd>Previously, these assumed that <code>errno</code> contained
479 information describing the failure. Now,
480 an <code>apr_status_t</code> parameter must be provided. Pass
481 0/APR_SUCCESS if there is no such error information, or a valid
482 <code>apr_status_t</code> value otherwise.</dd>
484 <dt><code>mpm_default.h</code>, <code>DEFAULT_LOCKFILE</code>,
485 <code>DEFAULT_THREAD_LIMIT</code>, <code>DEFAULT_PIDLOG</code>,
487 <dd>The header file and most of the default configuration
488 values set in it are no longer visible to modules. (Most can
489 still be overridden at build time.) <code>DEFAULT_PIDLOG</code>
490 and <code>DEFAULT_REL_RUNTIMEDIR</code> are now universally
491 available via <code>ap_config.h</code>.</dd>
493 <dt><code>unixd_config</code></dt>
494 <dd>This has been renamed to ap_unixd_config.</dd>
496 <dt><code>conn_rec->remote_ip</code> and
497 <code>conn_rec->remote_addr</code></dt>
498 <dd>These fields have been renamed in order to distinguish between
499 the client IP address of the connection and the useragent IP address
500 of the request (potentially overridden by a load balancer or proxy).
501 References to either of these fields must be updated with one of the
502 following options, as appropriate for the module:
504 <li>When you require the IP address of the user agent, which
505 might be connected directly to the server, or might optionally be
506 separated from the server by a transparent load balancer or
507 proxy, use <code>request_rec->useragent_ip</code> and
508 <code>request_rec->useragent_addr</code>.</li>
509 <li>When you require the IP address of the client that is
510 connected directly to the server, which might be the useragent or
511 might be the load balancer or proxy itself, use
512 <code>conn_rec->client_ip</code> and
513 <code>conn_rec->client_addr</code>.</li>
519 <h3><a name="upgrading_byfeature" id="upgrading_byfeature">If your module interfaces with this feature...</a></h3>
523 <dd>Optional: If your module logs an error
524 when <code>ap_unixd_config.suexec_enabled</code> is 0,
525 also log the value of the new
526 field <code>suexec_disabled_reason</code>, which contains an
527 explanation of why it is not available.</dd>
529 <dt>Extended status data in the scoreboard</dt>
530 <dd>In previous releases, <code>ExtendedStatus</code> had to be
531 set to <code>On</code>, which in turn required that
532 mod_status was loaded. In 2.4, just
533 set <code>ap_extended_status</code> to <code>1</code> in a
534 pre-config hook and the extended status data will be
539 <h3><a name="upgrading_newfeatures" id="upgrading_newfeatures">Does your module...</a></h3>
542 <dt>Parse query args</dt>
543 <dd>Consider if <code>ap_args_to_table()</code> would be
546 <dt>Parse form data...</dt>
547 <dd>Use <code>ap_parse_form_data()</code>.</dd>
549 <dt>Check for request header fields <code>Content-Length</code>
550 and <code>Transfer-Encoding</code> to see if a body was
552 <dd>Use <code>ap_request_has_body()</code>.</dd>
554 <dt>Implement cleanups which clear pointer variables</dt>
555 <dd>Use <code>ap_pool_cleanup_set_null()</code>.</dd>
557 <dt>Create run-time files such as shared memory files, pid files,
559 <dd>Use <code>ap_runtime_dir_relative()</code> so that the global
560 configuration for the location of such files, either by the
561 <code>DEFAULT_REL_RUNTIMEDIR</code> compile setting or the
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