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8 <title>Custom Error Responses - Apache HTTP Server</title>
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18 <p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</p>
19 <img alt="" src="./images/feather.gif" /></div>
20 <div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div>
22 <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.5</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Custom Error Responses</h1>
24 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./en/custom-error.html" title="English"> en </a> |
25 <a href="./es/custom-error.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español"> es </a> |
26 <a href="./fr/custom-error.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> |
27 <a href="./ja/custom-error.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> |
28 <a href="./ko/custom-error.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> |
29 <a href="./tr/custom-error.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p>
33 <p>Although the Apache HTTP Server provides generic error responses
34 in the event of 4xx or 5xx HTTP status codes, these responses are
35 rather stark, uninformative, and can be intimidating to site users.
36 You may wish to provide custom error responses which are either
37 friendlier, or in some language other than English, or perhaps which
38 are styled more in line with your site layout.</p>
40 <p>Customized error responses can be defined for any HTTP status
41 code designated as an error condition - that is, any 4xx or 5xx
44 <p>Additionally, a set of values are provided, so
45 that the error document can be customized further based on the
46 values of these variables, using <a href="howto/ssi.html">Server
47 Side Includes</a>. Or, you can have error conditions handled by a
48 cgi program, or other dynamic handler (PHP, mod_perl, etc) which
49 makes use of these variables.</p>
52 <div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#configuration">Configuration</a></li>
53 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#variables">Available Variables</a></li>
54 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#custom">Customizing Error Responses</a></li>
55 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#multi-lang">Multi Language Custom Error Documents</a></li>
56 </ul><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
57 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
59 <h2><a name="configuration" id="configuration">Configuration</a></h2>
61 <p>Custom error documents are configured using the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#errordocument">ErrorDocument</a></code> directive,
62 which may be used in global,
63 virtualhost, or directory context. It may be used in .htaccess files
64 if <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#allowoverride">AllowOverride</a></code> is set to
67 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
68 ErrorDocument 500 "Sorry, our script crashed. Oh dear"<br />
69 ErrorDocument 500 /cgi-bin/crash-recover<br />
70 ErrorDocument 500 http://error.example.com/server_error.html<br />
71 ErrorDocument 404 /errors/not_found.html <br />
72 ErrorDocument 401 /subscription/how_to_subscribe.html
76 <p>The syntax of the <code>ErrorDocument</code> directive is:</p>
78 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
79 ErrorDocument <3-digit-code> <action>
83 <p>where the action will be treated as:</p>
86 <li>A local URL to redirect to (if the action begins with a "/").</li>
87 <li>An external URL to redirect to (if the action is a valid URL).</li>
88 <li>Text to be displayed (if none of the above). The text must be
89 wrapped in quotes (") if it consists of more than one word.</li>
92 <p>When redirecting to a local URL, additional environment variables
93 are set so that the response can be further customized. They are not sent to
96 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
98 <h2><a name="variables" id="variables">Available Variables</a></h2>
100 <p>Redirecting to another URL can be useful, but only if some
101 information can be passed which can then be used to explain or log
102 the error condition more clearly.</p>
104 <p>To achieve this, when the error redirect is sent, additional
105 environment variables will be set, which will be generated from
106 the headers provided to the original request by prepending
107 'REDIRECT_' onto the original header name. This provides the error
108 document the context of the original request.</p>
110 <p>For example, you might receive, in addition to more usual
111 environment variables, the following.</p>
113 <div class="example"><p><code>
114 REDIRECT_HTTP_ACCEPT=*/*, image/gif, image/jpeg, image/png<br />
115 REDIRECT_HTTP_USER_AGENT=Mozilla/5.0 Fedora/3.5.8-1.fc12 Firefox/3.5.8<br />
116 REDIRECT_PATH=.:/bin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin<br />
117 REDIRECT_QUERY_STRING=<br />
118 REDIRECT_REMOTE_ADDR=121.345.78.123<br />
119 REDIRECT_REMOTE_HOST=client.example.com<br />
120 REDIRECT_SERVER_NAME=www.example.edu<br />
121 REDIRECT_SERVER_PORT=80<br />
122 REDIRECT_SERVER_SOFTWARE=Apache/2.2.15<br />
123 REDIRECT_URL=/cgi-bin/buggy.pl
126 <p><code>REDIRECT_</code> environment variables are created from
127 the environment variables which existed prior to the
128 redirect. They are renamed with a <code>REDIRECT_</code>
129 prefix, <em>i.e.</em>, <code>HTTP_USER_AGENT</code> becomes
130 <code>REDIRECT_HTTP_USER_AGENT</code>.</p>
132 <p><code>REDIRECT_URL</code>, <code>REDIRECT_STATUS</code>, and
133 <code>REDIRECT_QUERY_STRING</code> are guaranteed to be set, and
134 the other headers will be set only if they existed prior to the
137 <p><strong>None</strong> of these will be
138 set if the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#errordocument">ErrorDocument</a></code> target is an
139 <em>external</em> redirect (anything starting with a
140 scheme name like <code>http:</code>, even if it refers to the same host
142 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
143 <div class="section">
144 <h2><a name="custom" id="custom">Customizing Error Responses</a></h2>
146 <p>If you point your <code>ErrorDocument</code> to some variety of
147 dynamic handler such as a server-side include document, CGI
148 script, or some variety of other handler, you may wish to use the
149 available custom environment variables to customize this
152 <p>If the ErrorDocument specifies a local redirect to a CGI
153 script, the script should include a "<code>Status:</code>"
154 header field in its output in order to ensure the propagation
155 all the way back to the client of the error condition that
156 caused it to be invoked. For instance, a Perl ErrorDocument
157 script might include the following:</p>
159 <pre class="prettyprint lang-perl">
161 print "Content-type: text/html\n"; <br />
162 printf "Status: %s Condition Intercepted\n", $ENV{"REDIRECT_STATUS"}; <br />
167 <p>If the script is dedicated to handling a particular error
168 condition, such as <code>404 Not Found</code>, it can
169 use the specific code and error text instead.</p>
171 <p>Note that if the response contains <code>Location:</code>
172 header (in order to issue a client-side redirect), the script
173 <em>must</em> emit an appropriate <code>Status:</code> header
174 (such as <code>302 Found</code>). Otherwise the
175 <code>Location:</code> header may have no effect.</p>
177 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
178 <div class="section">
179 <h2><a name="multi-lang" id="multi-lang">Multi Language Custom Error Documents</a></h2>
181 <p>Provided with your installation of the Apache HTTP Server is a
182 directory of custom error documents translated into 16 different
183 languages. There's also a configuration file in the
184 <code>conf/extra</code> configuration directory that can be included
185 to enable this feature.</p>
187 <p>In your server configuration file, you'll see a line such as:</p>
189 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
190 # Multi-language error messages<br />
191 #Include conf/extra/httpd-multilang-errordoc.conf
195 <p>Uncommenting this <code>Include</code> line will enable this
196 feature, and provide language-negotiated error messages, based on
197 the language preference set in the client browser.</p>
199 <p>Additionally, these documents contain various of the
200 <code>REDIRECT_</code> variables, so that additional information can
201 be provided to the end-user about what happened, and what they can
204 <p>These documents can be customized to whatever degree you wish to
205 provide more useful information to users about your site, and what
206 they can expect to find there.</p>
208 <p><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_include.html">mod_include</a></code> and <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_negotiation.html">mod_negotiation</a></code>
209 must be enabled to use this feature.</p>
212 <div class="bottomlang">
213 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./en/custom-error.html" title="English"> en </a> |
214 <a href="./es/custom-error.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español"> es </a> |
215 <a href="./fr/custom-error.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> |
216 <a href="./ja/custom-error.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> |
217 <a href="./ko/custom-error.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> |
218 <a href="./tr/custom-error.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p>
219 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="./images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed again by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Freenode, or sent to our <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div>
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