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10 <title>Custom Error Responses - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</title>
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20 <p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</p>
21 <img alt="" src="./images/feather.png" /></div>
22 <div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div>
24 <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.5</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Custom Error Responses</h1>
26 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./en/custom-error.html" title="English"> en </a> |
27 <a href="./es/custom-error.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español"> es </a> |
28 <a href="./fr/custom-error.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> |
29 <a href="./ja/custom-error.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> |
30 <a href="./ko/custom-error.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> |
31 <a href="./tr/custom-error.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p>
35 <p>Although the Apache HTTP Server provides generic error responses
36 in the event of 4xx or 5xx HTTP status codes, these responses are
37 rather stark, uninformative, and can be intimidating to site users.
38 You may wish to provide custom error responses which are either
39 friendlier, or in some language other than English, or perhaps which
40 are styled more in line with your site layout.</p>
42 <p>Customized error responses can be defined for any HTTP status
43 code designated as an error condition - that is, any 4xx or 5xx
46 <p>Additionally, a set of values are provided, so
47 that the error document can be customized further based on the
48 values of these variables, using <a href="howto/ssi.html">Server
49 Side Includes</a>. Or, you can have error conditions handled by a
50 cgi program, or other dynamic handler (PHP, mod_perl, etc) which
51 makes use of these variables.</p>
54 <div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#configuration">Configuration</a></li>
55 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#variables">Available Variables</a></li>
56 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#custom">Customizing Error Responses</a></li>
57 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#multi-lang">Multi Language Custom Error Documents</a></li>
58 </ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
59 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
61 <h2><a name="configuration" id="configuration">Configuration</a><a title="Permanent link" href="#configuration" class="permalink">¶</a></h2>
63 <p>Custom error documents are configured using the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#errordocument">ErrorDocument</a></code> directive,
64 which may be used in global,
65 virtualhost, or directory context. It may be used in .htaccess files
66 if <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#allowoverride">AllowOverride</a></code> is set to
69 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">ErrorDocument 500 "Sorry, our script crashed. Oh dear"
70 ErrorDocument 500 /cgi-bin/crash-recover
71 ErrorDocument 500 http://error.example.com/server_error.html
72 ErrorDocument 404 /errors/not_found.html
73 ErrorDocument 401 /subscription/how_to_subscribe.html</pre>
76 <p>The syntax of the <code>ErrorDocument</code> directive is:</p>
78 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">ErrorDocument <3-digit-code> <action></pre>
81 <p>where the action will be treated as:</p>
84 <li>A local URL to redirect to (if the action begins with a "/").</li>
85 <li>An external URL to redirect to (if the action is a valid URL).</li>
86 <li>Text to be displayed (if none of the above). The text must be
87 wrapped in quotes (") if it consists of more than one word.</li>
90 <p>When redirecting to a local URL, additional environment variables
91 are set so that the response can be further customized. They are not sent to
94 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
96 <h2><a name="variables" id="variables">Available Variables</a><a title="Permanent link" href="#variables" class="permalink">¶</a></h2>
98 <p>Redirecting to another URL can be useful, but only if some
99 information can be passed which can then be used to explain or log
100 the error condition more clearly.</p>
102 <p>To achieve this, when the error redirect is sent, additional
103 environment variables will be set, which will be generated from
104 the headers provided to the original request by prepending
105 'REDIRECT_' onto the original header name. This provides the error
106 document the context of the original request.</p>
108 <p>For example, you might receive, in addition to more usual
109 environment variables, the following.</p>
111 <div class="example"><p><code>
112 REDIRECT_HTTP_ACCEPT=*/*, image/gif, image/jpeg, image/png<br />
113 REDIRECT_HTTP_USER_AGENT=Mozilla/5.0 Fedora/3.5.8-1.fc12 Firefox/3.5.8<br />
114 REDIRECT_PATH=.:/bin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin<br />
115 REDIRECT_QUERY_STRING=<br />
116 REDIRECT_REMOTE_ADDR=121.345.78.123<br />
117 REDIRECT_REMOTE_HOST=client.example.com<br />
118 REDIRECT_SERVER_NAME=www.example.edu<br />
119 REDIRECT_SERVER_PORT=80<br />
120 REDIRECT_SERVER_SOFTWARE=Apache/2.2.15<br />
121 REDIRECT_URL=/cgi-bin/buggy.pl
124 <p><code>REDIRECT_</code> environment variables are created from
125 the environment variables which existed prior to the
126 redirect. They are renamed with a <code>REDIRECT_</code>
127 prefix, <em>i.e.</em>, <code>HTTP_USER_AGENT</code> becomes
128 <code>REDIRECT_HTTP_USER_AGENT</code>.</p>
130 <p><code>REDIRECT_URL</code>, <code>REDIRECT_STATUS</code>, and
131 <code>REDIRECT_QUERY_STRING</code> are guaranteed to be set, and
132 the other headers will be set only if they existed prior to the
135 <p><strong>None</strong> of these will be
136 set if the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#errordocument">ErrorDocument</a></code> target is an
137 <em>external</em> redirect (anything starting with a
138 scheme name like <code>http:</code>, even if it refers to the same host
140 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
141 <div class="section">
142 <h2><a name="custom" id="custom">Customizing Error Responses</a><a title="Permanent link" href="#custom" class="permalink">¶</a></h2>
144 <p>If you point your <code>ErrorDocument</code> to some variety of
145 dynamic handler such as a server-side include document, CGI
146 script, or some variety of other handler, you may wish to use the
147 available custom environment variables to customize this
150 <p>If the ErrorDocument specifies a local redirect to a CGI
151 script, the script should include a "<code>Status:</code>"
152 header field in its output in order to ensure the propagation
153 all the way back to the client of the error condition that
154 caused it to be invoked. For instance, a Perl ErrorDocument
155 script might include the following:</p>
157 <pre class="prettyprint lang-perl">...
158 print "Content-type: text/html\n";
159 printf "Status: %s Condition Intercepted\n", $ENV{"REDIRECT_STATUS"};
163 <p>If the script is dedicated to handling a particular error
164 condition, such as <code>404 Not Found</code>, it can
165 use the specific code and error text instead.</p>
167 <p>Note that if the response contains <code>Location:</code>
168 header (in order to issue a client-side redirect), the script
169 <em>must</em> emit an appropriate <code>Status:</code> header
170 (such as <code>302 Found</code>). Otherwise the
171 <code>Location:</code> header may have no effect.</p>
173 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
174 <div class="section">
175 <h2><a name="multi-lang" id="multi-lang">Multi Language Custom Error Documents</a><a title="Permanent link" href="#multi-lang" class="permalink">¶</a></h2>
177 <p>Provided with your installation of the Apache HTTP Server is a
178 directory of custom error documents translated into 16 different
179 languages. There's also a configuration file in the
180 <code>conf/extra</code> configuration directory that can be included
181 to enable this feature.</p>
183 <p>In your server configuration file, you'll see a line such as:</p>
185 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config"># Multi-language error messages
186 #Include conf/extra/httpd-multilang-errordoc.conf</pre>
189 <p>Uncommenting this <code>Include</code> line will enable this
190 feature, and provide language-negotiated error messages, based on
191 the language preference set in the client browser.</p>
193 <p>Additionally, these documents contain various of the
194 <code>REDIRECT_</code> variables, so that additional information can
195 be provided to the end-user about what happened, and what they can
198 <p>These documents can be customized to whatever degree you wish to
199 provide more useful information to users about your site, and what
200 they can expect to find there.</p>
202 <p><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_include.html">mod_include</a></code> and <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_negotiation.html">mod_negotiation</a></code>
203 must be enabled to use this feature.</p>
206 <div class="bottomlang">
207 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./en/custom-error.html" title="English"> en </a> |
208 <a href="./es/custom-error.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español"> es </a> |
209 <a href="./fr/custom-error.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> |
210 <a href="./ja/custom-error.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> |
211 <a href="./ko/custom-error.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> |
212 <a href="./tr/custom-error.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p>
213 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="./images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed again by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Freenode, or sent to our <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div>
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