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8 <title>Configuration Files - Apache HTTP Server</title>
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14 <p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="./faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
15 <p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.1</p>
16 <img alt="" src="./images/feather.gif" /></div>
17 <div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div>
19 <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs-project/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.1</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Configuration Files</h1>
21 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./en/configuring.html" title="English"> en </a> |
22 <a href="./ja/configuring.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> |
23 <a href="./ko/configuring.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a></p>
26 <p>This document describes the files used to configure the Apache
29 <div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#main">Main Configuration Files</a></li>
30 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#syntax">Syntax of the Configuration Files</a></li>
31 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#modules">Modules</a></li>
32 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#scope">Scope of Directives</a></li>
33 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#htaccess">.htaccess Files</a></li>
35 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
37 <h2><a name="main" id="main">Main Configuration Files</a></h2>
39 <table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_mime.html">mod_mime</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifdefine"><IfDefine></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#include">Include</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_mime.html#typesconfig">TypesConfig</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table>
41 <p>Apache is configured by placing <a href="mod/directives.html">directives</a> in plain text
42 configuration files. The main configuration file is usually called
43 <code>httpd.conf</code>. The location of this file is set at
44 compile-time, but may be overridden with the <code>-f</code>
45 command line flag. In addition, other configuration files may be
46 added using the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#include">Include</a></code>
47 directive, and wildcards can be used to include many configuration
48 files. Any directive may be placed in any of these configuration
49 files. Changes to the main configuration files are only
50 recognized by Apache when it is started or restarted.</p>
52 <p>The server also reads a file containing mime document types;
53 the filename is set by the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_mime.html#typesconfig">TypesConfig</a></code> directive,
54 and is <code>mime.types</code> by default.</p>
55 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
57 <h2><a name="syntax" id="syntax">Syntax of the Configuration Files</a></h2>
60 <p>Apache configuration files contain one directive per line.
61 The back-slash "\" may be used as the last character on a line
62 to indicate that the directive continues onto the next line.
63 There must be no other characters or white space between the
64 back-slash and the end of the line.</p>
66 <p>Directives in the configuration files are case-insensitive,
67 but arguments to directives are often case sensitive. Lines
68 that begin with the hash character "#" are considered
69 comments, and are ignored. Comments may <strong>not</strong> be
70 included on a line after a configuration directive. Blank lines
71 and white space occurring before a directive are ignored, so
72 you may indent directives for clarity.</p>
74 <p>You can check your configuration files for syntax errors
75 without starting the server by using <code>apachectl
76 configtest</code> or the <code>-t</code> command line
78 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
80 <h2><a name="modules" id="modules">Modules</a></h2>
83 <table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_so.html">mod_so</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifmodule"><IfModule></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_so.html#loadmodule">LoadModule</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table>
85 <p>Apache is a modular server. This implies that only the most
86 basic functionality is included in the core server. Extended
87 features are available through <a href="mod/">modules</a> which can be loaded
88 into Apache. By default, a <a href="mod/module-dict.html#Status">base</a> set of modules is
89 included in the server at compile-time. If the server is
90 compiled to use <a href="dso.html">dynamically loaded</a>
91 modules, then modules can be compiled separately and added at
92 any time using the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_so.html#loadmodule">LoadModule</a></code>
94 Otherwise, Apache must be recompiled to add or remove modules.
95 Configuration directives may be included conditional on a
96 presence of a particular module by enclosing them in an<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifmodule"><IfModule></a></code> block.</p>
98 <p>To see which modules are currently compiled into the server,
99 you can use the <code>-l</code> command line option.</p>
100 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
101 <div class="section">
102 <h2><a name="scope" id="scope">Scope of Directives</a></h2>
105 <table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td /><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directorymatch"><DirectoryMatch></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#filesmatch"><FilesMatch></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#locationmatch"><LocationMatch></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table>
107 <p>Directives placed in the main configuration files apply to
108 the entire server. If you wish to change the configuration for
109 only a part of the server, you can scope your directives by
110 placing them in <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directorymatch"><DirectoryMatch></a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#filesmatch"><FilesMatch></a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code>, and <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#locationmatch"><LocationMatch></a></code>
111 sections. These sections limit the application of the
112 directives which they enclose to particular filesystem
113 locations or URLs. They can also be nested, allowing for very
114 fine grained configuration.</p>
116 <p>Apache has the capability to serve many different websites
117 simultaneously. This is called <a href="vhosts/">Virtual
118 Hosting</a>. Directives can also be scoped by placing them
119 inside <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
120 sections, so that they will only apply to requests for a
121 particular website.</p>
123 <p>Although most directives can be placed in any of these
124 sections, some directives do not make sense in some contexts.
125 For example, directives controlling process creation can only
126 be placed in the main server context. To find which directives
127 can be placed in which sections, check the <a href="mod/directive-dict.html#Context">Context</a> of the
128 directive. For further information, we provide details on <a href="sections.html">How Directory, Location and Files sections
130 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
131 <div class="section">
132 <h2><a name="htaccess" id="htaccess">.htaccess Files</a></h2>
135 <table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td /><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#accessfilename">AccessFileName</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#allowoverride">AllowOverride</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table>
137 <p>Apache allows for decentralized management of configuration
138 via special files placed inside the web tree. The special files
139 are usually called <code>.htaccess</code>, but any name can be
140 specified in the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#accessfilename">AccessFileName</a></code>
141 directive. Directives placed in <code>.htaccess</code> files
142 apply to the directory where you place the file, and all
143 sub-directories. The <code>.htaccess</code> files follow the
144 same syntax as the main configuration files. Since
145 <code>.htaccess</code> files are read on every request, changes
146 made in these files take immediate effect.</p>
148 <p>To find which directives can be placed in
149 <code>.htaccess</code> files, check the <a href="mod/directive-dict.html#Context">Context</a> of the
150 directive. The server administrator further controls what
151 directives may be placed in <code>.htaccess</code> files by
152 configuring the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#allowoverride">AllowOverride</a></code>
153 directive in the main configuration files.</p>
155 <p>For more information on <code>.htaccess</code> files, see
156 the <a href="howto/htaccess.html">.htaccess tutorial</a>.</p>
158 <div class="bottomlang">
159 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./en/configuring.html" title="English"> en </a> |
160 <a href="./ja/configuring.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> |
161 <a href="./ko/configuring.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a></p>
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