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8 <title>Configuration Files - Apache HTTP Server</title>
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14 <p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="./faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
15 <p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.3</p>
16 <img alt="" src="./images/feather.gif" /></div>
17 <div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div>
19 <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.3</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Configuration Files</h1>
21 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./de/configuring.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> |
22 <a href="./en/configuring.html" title="English"> en </a> |
23 <a href="./fr/configuring.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> |
24 <a href="./ja/configuring.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> |
25 <a href="./ko/configuring.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> |
26 <a href="./tr/configuring.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p>
29 <p>This document describes the files used to configure Apache HTTP
32 <div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#main">Main Configuration Files</a></li>
33 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#syntax">Syntax of the Configuration Files</a></li>
34 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#modules">Modules</a></li>
35 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#scope">Scope of Directives</a></li>
36 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#htaccess">.htaccess Files</a></li>
38 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
40 <h2><a name="main" id="main">Main Configuration Files</a></h2>
42 <table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_mime.html">mod_mime</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifdefine"><IfDefine></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#include">Include</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_mime.html#typesconfig">TypesConfig</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table>
44 <p>Apache HTTP Server is configured by placing <a href="mod/directives.html">directives</a> in plain text
45 configuration files. The main configuration file is usually called
46 <code>httpd.conf</code>. The location of this file is set at
47 compile-time, but may be overridden with the <code>-f</code>
48 command line flag. In addition, other configuration files may be
49 added using the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#include">Include</a></code>
50 directive, and wildcards can be used to include many configuration
51 files. Any directive may be placed in any of these configuration
52 files. Changes to the main configuration files are only
53 recognized by httpd when it is started or restarted.</p>
55 <p>The server also reads a file containing mime document types;
56 the filename is set by the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_mime.html#typesconfig">TypesConfig</a></code> directive,
57 and is <code>mime.types</code> by default.</p>
58 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
60 <h2><a name="syntax" id="syntax">Syntax of the Configuration Files</a></h2>
63 <p>httpd configuration files contain one directive per line.
64 The backslash "\" may be used as the last character on a line
65 to indicate that the directive continues onto the next line.
66 There must be no other characters or white space between the
67 backslash and the end of the line.</p>
69 <p>Directives in the configuration files are case-insensitive,
70 but arguments to directives are often case sensitive. Lines
71 that begin with the hash character "#" are considered
72 comments, and are ignored. Comments may <strong>not</strong> be
73 included on a line after a configuration directive. Blank lines
74 and white space occurring before a directive are ignored, so
75 you may indent directives for clarity.</p>
77 <p>The values of variables defined with the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#define">Define</a></code> of or shell environment variables can
78 be used in configuration file lines using the syntax <code>${VAR}</code>.
79 If "VAR" is the name of a valid variable, the value of that variable is
80 substituted into that spot in the configuration file line, and processing
81 continues as if that text were found directly in the configuration file.
82 Variables defined with <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#define">Define</a></code> take
83 precedence over shell environment variables.
84 If the "VAR" variable is not found, the characters <code>${VAR}</code>
85 are left unchanged, and a warning is logged.
86 Variable names may not contain colon ":" characters, to avoid clashes with
87 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritemap">RewriteMap</a></code>'s syntax.</p>
89 <p>Only shell environment variables defined before the server is started
90 can be used in expansions. Environment variables defined in the
91 configuration file itself, for example with <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_env.html#setenv">SetEnv</a></code>, take effect too late to be used for
92 expansions in the configuration file.</p>
94 <p>You can check your configuration files for syntax errors
95 without starting the server by using <code>apachectl
96 configtest</code> or the <code>-t</code> command line
99 <p>You can use <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_info.html">mod_info</a></code>'s <code>-DDUMP_CONFIG</code> to
100 dump the configuration with all included files and environment
101 variables resolved and all comments and non-matching
102 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifdefine"><IfDefine></a></code> and
103 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifmodule"><IfModule></a></code> sections
105 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
106 <div class="section">
107 <h2><a name="modules" id="modules">Modules</a></h2>
110 <table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_so.html">mod_so</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifmodule"><IfModule></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_so.html#loadmodule">LoadModule</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table>
112 <p>httpd is a modular server. This implies that only the most
113 basic functionality is included in the core server. Extended
114 features are available through <a href="mod/">modules</a> which can be loaded
115 into httpd. By default, a <a href="mod/module-dict.html#Status">base</a> set of modules is
116 included in the server at compile-time. If the server is
117 compiled to use <a href="dso.html">dynamically loaded</a>
118 modules, then modules can be compiled separately and added at
119 any time using the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_so.html#loadmodule">LoadModule</a></code>
121 Otherwise, httpd must be recompiled to add or remove modules.
122 Configuration directives may be included conditional on a
123 presence of a particular module by enclosing them in an <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifmodule"><IfModule></a></code> block. However,
124 <code class="directive"><IfModule></code> blocks are not
125 required, and in some cases may mask the fact that you're missing an
126 important module.</p>
128 <p>To see which modules are currently compiled into the server,
129 you can use the <code>-l</code> command line option. You can also
130 see what modules are loaded dynamically using the <code>-M</code>
131 command line option.</p>
132 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
133 <div class="section">
134 <h2><a name="scope" id="scope">Scope of Directives</a></h2>
137 <table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td /><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directorymatch"><DirectoryMatch></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#filesmatch"><FilesMatch></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#locationmatch"><LocationMatch></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table>
139 <p>Directives placed in the main configuration files apply to
140 the entire server. If you wish to change the configuration for
141 only a part of the server, you can scope your directives by
142 placing them in <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directorymatch"><DirectoryMatch></a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#filesmatch"><FilesMatch></a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code>, and <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#locationmatch"><LocationMatch></a></code>
143 sections. These sections limit the application of the
144 directives which they enclose to particular filesystem
145 locations or URLs. They can also be nested, allowing for very
146 fine grained configuration.</p>
148 <p>httpd has the capability to serve many different websites
149 simultaneously. This is called <a href="vhosts/">Virtual
150 Hosting</a>. Directives can also be scoped by placing them
151 inside <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
152 sections, so that they will only apply to requests for a
153 particular website.</p>
155 <p>Although most directives can be placed in any of these
156 sections, some directives do not make sense in some contexts.
157 For example, directives controlling process creation can only
158 be placed in the main server context. To find which directives
159 can be placed in which sections, check the <a href="mod/directive-dict.html#Context">Context</a> of the
160 directive. For further information, we provide details on <a href="sections.html">How Directory, Location and Files sections
162 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
163 <div class="section">
164 <h2><a name="htaccess" id="htaccess">.htaccess Files</a></h2>
167 <table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td /><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#accessfilename">AccessFileName</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#allowoverride">AllowOverride</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table>
169 <p>httpd allows for decentralized management of configuration
170 via special files placed inside the web tree. The special files
171 are usually called <code>.htaccess</code>, but any name can be
172 specified in the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#accessfilename">AccessFileName</a></code>
173 directive. Directives placed in <code>.htaccess</code> files
174 apply to the directory where you place the file, and all
175 sub-directories. The <code>.htaccess</code> files follow the
176 same syntax as the main configuration files. Since
177 <code>.htaccess</code> files are read on every request, changes
178 made in these files take immediate effect.</p>
180 <p>To find which directives can be placed in
181 <code>.htaccess</code> files, check the <a href="mod/directive-dict.html#Context">Context</a> of the
182 directive. The server administrator further controls what
183 directives may be placed in <code>.htaccess</code> files by
184 configuring the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#allowoverride">AllowOverride</a></code>
185 directive in the main configuration files.</p>
187 <p>For more information on <code>.htaccess</code> files, see
188 the <a href="howto/htaccess.html">.htaccess tutorial</a>.</p>
190 <div class="bottomlang">
191 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./de/configuring.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> |
192 <a href="./en/configuring.html" title="English"> en </a> |
193 <a href="./fr/configuring.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> |
194 <a href="./ja/configuring.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> |
195 <a href="./ko/configuring.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> |
196 <a href="./tr/configuring.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p>
197 </div><div id="footer">
198 <p class="apache">Copyright 2011 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
199 <p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="./faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div>