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14 <p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="./faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
15 <p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.1</p>
16 <img alt="" src="./images/feather.gif" /></div>
17 <div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div>
19 <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs-project/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.1</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Binding</h1>
20 <p>Configuring Apache to listen on specific addresses and ports.</p>
22 <div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#overview">Overview</a></li>
23 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></li>
24 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></li>
25 </ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="vhosts/">Virtual Hosts</a></li><li><a href="dns-caveats.html">DNS Issues</a></li></ul></div>
26 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
28 <h2><a name="overview" id="overview">Overview</a></h2>
31 <table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/core.html">core</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html">mpm_common</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost">VirtualHost</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table>
34 <p>When Apache starts, it binds to some port and address on
35 the local machine and waits for incoming requests. By default,
36 it listens to all addresses on the machine. However, it needs to
37 be told to listen on specific ports, or to listen on only selected
38 addresses, or a combination. This is often combined with the
39 Virtual Host feature which determines how Apache responds to
40 different IP addresses, hostnames and ports.</p>
42 <p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
43 directive tells the server to accept
44 incoming requests only on the specified port or
45 address-and-port combinations. If only a port number is
46 specified in the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
48 listens to the given port on all interfaces. If an IP address
49 is given as well as a port, the server will listen on the given
50 port and interface. Multiple Listen directives may be used to
51 specify a number of addresses and ports to listen on. The
52 server will respond to requests from any of the listed
53 addresses and ports.</p>
55 <p>For example, to make the server accept connections on both
56 port 80 and port 8000, use:</p>
58 <div class="example"><p><code>
63 <p>To make the server accept connections on two specified
64 interfaces and port numbers, use</p>
66 <div class="example"><p><code>
67 Listen 192.170.2.1:80<br />
68 Listen 192.170.2.5:8000
71 <p>IPv6 addresses must be surrounded in square brackets, as in the
72 following example:</p>
74 <div class="example"><p><code>
75 Listen [fe80::a00:20ff:fea7:ccea]:80
77 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
79 <h2><a name="ipv6" id="ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></h2>
82 <p>When APR supports IPv6, Apache will create IPv6-capable listening
83 sockets by default (i.e., when no IP address is specified on the
84 Listen directive). In other words, when APR supports IPv6,</p>
86 <div class="example"><p><code>
90 <p>is equivalent to</p>
92 <div class="example"><p><code>
96 <p>When APR does not support IPv6,</p>
98 <div class="example"><p><code>
102 <p>is equivalent to</p>
104 <div class="example"><p><code>
108 <p>On some platforms, such as NetBSD, binding to the IPv6 wildcard address
109 ("::") does not allow Apache to accept connections on IPv4 interfaces.
110 In this situation, multiple Listen directives are required, as shown
113 <div class="example"><p><code>
114 Listen 0.0.0.0:80<br />
118 <p>Apache does not currently detect this, so the Listen statements must
119 be edited manually by the administrator.</p>
120 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
121 <div class="section">
122 <h2><a name="virtualhost" id="virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></h2>
125 <p>Listen does not implement Virtual Hosts. It only tells the
126 main server what addresses and ports to listen to. If no
127 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
128 directives are used, the server will behave
129 the same for all accepted requests. However,
130 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
131 can be used to specify a different behavior
132 for one or more of the addresses and ports. To implement a
133 VirtualHost, the server must first be told to listen to the
134 address and port to be used. Then a
135 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code> section
136 should be created for a specified address and port to set the
137 behavior of this virtual host. Note that if the
138 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
139 is set for an address and port that the
140 server is not listening to, it cannot be accessed.</p>
143 <p class="apache">Maintained by the <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs-project/">Apache HTTP Server Documentation Project</a></p>
144 <p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="./faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div>