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7 --><title>Binding - Apache HTTP Server</title><link href="./style/css/manual-sbar-right-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="right sidebar - blue (font 100%)" /><link href="./style/css/manual-sbar-right-90pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="right sidebar - blue (font 90%)" /><link href="./style/css/manual-sbar-right-fix15.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="right sidebar - blue (font fix 15)" /><link href="./style/css/manual-sbar-right-fix13.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="right sidebar - blue (font fix 13)" /><link href="./style/css/manual-sbar-right-100pc-b.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="right sidebar - black (font 100%)" /><link href="./style/css/manual-sbar-right-90pc-b.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="right sidebar - black (font 90%)" /><link href="./style/css/manual-sbar-right-fix15-b.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="right sidebar - black (font fix 15)" /><link href="./style/css/manual-sbar-right-fix13-b.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="right sidebar - black (font fix 13)" /><link href="./style/css/manual-sbar-left-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="left sidebar - blue (font 100%)" /><link href="./style/css/manual-sbar-left-90pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="left sidebar - blue (font 90%)" /><link href="./style/css/manual-sbar-left-fix15.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="left sidebar - blue (font fix 15)" /><link href="./style/css/manual-sbar-left-fix13.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="left sidebar - blue (font fix 13)" /><link href="./style/css/manual-sbar-left-100pc-b.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="left sidebar - black (font 100%)" /><link href="./style/css/manual-sbar-left-90pc-b.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="left sidebar - black (font 90%)" /><link href="./style/css/manual-sbar-left-fix15-b.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="left sidebar - black (font fix 15)" /><link href="./style/css/manual-sbar-left-fix13-b.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="left sidebar - black (font fix 13)" /><link href="./style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="loose style - blue (font 100%)" /><link href="./style/css/manual-loose-90pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="loose style - blue (font 90%)" /><link href="./style/css/manual-loose-fix15.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="loose style - blue (font fix 15)" /><link href="./style/css/manual-loose-fix13.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="loose style - blue (font fix 13)" /><link href="./style/css/manual-loose-100pc-b.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="loose style - black (font 100%)" /><link href="./style/css/manual-loose-90pc-b.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="loose style - black (font 90%)" /><link href="./style/css/manual-loose-fix15-b.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="loose style - black (font fix 15)" /><link href="./style/css/manual-loose-fix13-b.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="loose style - black (font fix 13)" /><link href="./images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head><body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header"><p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="./faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p><p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.0</p><img alt="" src="./images/feather.gif" /></div><div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div><div id="path"><a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs-project/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.0</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Binding</h1>
8 <p>Configuring Apache to listen on specific addresses and ports.</p>
9 </div><div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#overview">Overview</a></li><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></li><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></li></ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="vhosts/">Virtual Hosts</a></li><li><a href="dns-caveats.html">DNS Issues</a></li></ul></div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a name="overview" id="overview">Overview</a></h2>
12 <table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/core.html">core</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html">mpm_common</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost">VirtualHost</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table>
15 <p>When Apache starts, it binds to some port and address on
16 the local machine and waits for incoming requests. By default,
17 it listens to all addresses on the machine. However, it needs to
18 be told to listen on specific ports, or to listen on only selected
19 addresses, or a combination. This is often combined with the
20 Virtual Host feature which determines how Apache responds to
21 different IP addresses, hostnames and ports.</p>
23 <p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
24 directive tells the server to accept
25 incoming requests only on the specified port or
26 address-and-port combinations. If only a port number is
27 specified in the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
29 listens to the given port on all interfaces. If an IP address
30 is given as well as a port, the server will listen on the given
31 port and interface. Multiple Listen directives may be used to
32 specify a number of addresses and ports to listen on. The
33 server will respond to requests from any of the listed
34 addresses and ports.</p>
36 <p>For example, to make the server accept connections on both
37 port 80 and port 8000, use:</p>
39 <div class="example"><p><code>
44 <p>To make the server accept connections on two specified
45 interfaces and port numbers, use</p>
47 <div class="example"><p><code>
48 Listen 192.170.2.1:80<br />
49 Listen 192.170.2.5:8000
52 <p>IPv6 addresses must be surrounded in square brackets, as in the
53 following example:</p>
55 <div class="example"><p><code>
56 Listen [fe80::a00:20ff:fea7:ccea]:80
58 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a name="ipv6" id="ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></h2>
61 <p>When APR supports IPv6, Apache will create IPv6-capable listening
62 sockets by default (i.e., when no IP address is specified on the
63 Listen directive). In other words, when APR supports IPv6,</p>
65 <div class="example"><p><code>
69 <p>is equivalent to</p>
71 <div class="example"><p><code>
75 <p>When APR does not support IPv6,</p>
77 <div class="example"><p><code>
81 <p>is equivalent to</p>
83 <div class="example"><p><code>
87 <p>On some platforms, such as NetBSD, binding to the IPv6 wildcard address
88 ("::") does not allow Apache to accept connections on IPv4 interfaces.
89 In this situation, multiple Listen directives are required, as shown
92 <div class="example"><p><code>
93 Listen 0.0.0.0:80<br />
97 <p>Apache does not currently detect this, so the Listen statements must
98 be edited manually by the administrator.</p>
99 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a name="virtualhost" id="virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></h2>
102 <p>Listen does not implement Virtual Hosts. It only tells the
103 main server what addresses and ports to listen to. If no
104 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
105 directives are used, the server will behave
106 the same for all accepted requests. However,
107 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
108 can be used to specify a different behavior
109 for one or more of the addresses and ports. To implement a
110 VirtualHost, the server must first be told to listen to the
111 address and port to be used. Then a
112 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code> section
113 should be created for a specified address and port to set the
114 behavior of this virtual host. Note that if the
115 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
116 is set for an address and port that the
117 server is not listening to, it cannot be accessed.</p>
118 </div></div><div id="footer"><p class="apache">Maintained by the <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs-project/">Apache HTTP Server Documentation Project</a></p><p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="./faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div></body></html>