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15 <p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.1</p>
16 <img alt="" src="./images/feather.gif" /></div>
17 <div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div>
19 <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs-project/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.1</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Binding</h1>
21 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./en/bind.html" title="English"> en </a> |
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26 <p>Configuring Apache to listen on specific addresses and ports.</p>
28 <div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#overview">Overview</a></li>
29 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></li>
30 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></li>
31 </ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="vhosts/">Virtual Hosts</a></li><li><a href="dns-caveats.html">DNS Issues</a></li></ul></div>
32 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
34 <h2><a name="overview" id="overview">Overview</a></h2>
37 <table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/core.html">core</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html">mpm_common</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table>
40 <p>When Apache starts, it binds to some port and address on
41 the local machine and waits for incoming requests. By default,
42 it listens to all addresses on the machine. However, it needs to
43 be told to listen on specific ports, or to listen on only selected
44 addresses, or a combination. This is often combined with the
45 Virtual Host feature which determines how Apache responds to
46 different IP addresses, hostnames and ports.</p>
48 <p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
49 directive tells the server to accept
50 incoming requests only on the specified port or
51 address-and-port combinations. If only a port number is
52 specified in the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
54 listens to the given port on all interfaces. If an IP address
55 is given as well as a port, the server will listen on the given
56 port and interface. Multiple Listen directives may be used to
57 specify a number of addresses and ports to listen on. The
58 server will respond to requests from any of the listed
59 addresses and ports.</p>
61 <p>For example, to make the server accept connections on both
62 port 80 and port 8000, use:</p>
64 <div class="example"><p><code>
69 <p>To make the server accept connections on two specified
70 interfaces and port numbers, use</p>
72 <div class="example"><p><code>
73 Listen 192.170.2.1:80<br />
74 Listen 192.170.2.5:8000
77 <p>IPv6 addresses must be surrounded in square brackets, as in the
78 following example:</p>
80 <div class="example"><p><code>
81 Listen [fe80::a00:20ff:fea7:ccea]:80
83 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
85 <h2><a name="ipv6" id="ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></h2>
88 <p>A growing number of platforms implement IPv6, and APR supports
89 IPv6 on most of these platforms, allowing Apache to allocate IPv6
90 sockets and handle requests which were sent over IPv6.</p>
92 <p>One complicating factor for Apache administrators is whether or
93 not an IPv6 socket can handle both IPv4 connections and IPv6
94 connections. Handling IPv4 connections with an IPv6 socket uses
95 IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses, which are allowed by default on most
96 platforms but are disallowed by default on FreeBSD, NetBSD, and
97 OpenBSD in order to match the system-wide policy on those
98 platforms. But even on systems where it is disallowed by default, a
99 special configure parameter can change this behavior for Apache.</p>
101 <p>On the other hand, on some platforms such as Linux and Tru64 the
102 <strong>only</strong> way to handle both IPv6 and IPv4 is to use
103 mapped addresses. If you want Apache to handle IPv4 and IPv6 connections
104 with a minimum of sockets, which requires using IPv4-mapped IPv6
105 addresses, specify the <code>--enable-v4-mapped</code> configure
108 <p><code>--enable-v4-mapped</code> is the default on all platforms but
109 FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD, so this is probably how your Apache was
112 <p>If you want Apache to handle IPv4 connections only, regardless of
113 what your platform and APR will support, specify an IPv4 address on all
114 Listen directives, as in the following examples:</p>
116 <div class="example"><p><code>
117 Listen 0.0.0.0:80<br />
118 Listen 192.170.2.1:80
121 <p>If your platform supports it and you want Apache to handle IPv4 and
122 IPv6 connections on separate sockets (i.e., to disable IPv4-mapped
123 addresses), specify the <code>--disable-v4-mapped</code> configure
124 option. <code>--disable-v4-mapped</code> is the default on FreeBSD,
125 NetBSD, and OpenBSD.</p>
126 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
127 <div class="section">
128 <h2><a name="virtualhost" id="virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></h2>
131 <p>Listen does not implement Virtual Hosts. It only tells the
132 main server what addresses and ports to listen to. If no
133 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
134 directives are used, the server will behave
135 the same for all accepted requests. However,
136 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
137 can be used to specify a different behavior
138 for one or more of the addresses and ports. To implement a
139 VirtualHost, the server must first be told to listen to the
140 address and port to be used. Then a
141 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code> section
142 should be created for a specified address and port to set the
143 behavior of this virtual host. Note that if the
144 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
145 is set for an address and port that the
146 server is not listening to, it cannot be accessed.</p>
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