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15 <p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</p>
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17 <div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div>
19 <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.5</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Binding to Addresses and Ports</h1>
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29 <p>Configuring Apache HTTP Server to listen on specific addresses and ports.</p>
31 <div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#overview">Overview</a></li>
32 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></li>
33 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#protocol">Specifying the protocol with Listen</a></li>
34 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></li>
35 </ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="vhosts/">Virtual Hosts</a></li><li><a href="dns-caveats.html">DNS Issues</a></li></ul></div>
36 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
38 <h2><a name="overview" id="overview">Overview</a></h2>
41 <table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/core.html">core</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html">mpm_common</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table>
44 <p>When httpd starts, it binds to some port and address on
45 the local machine and waits for incoming requests. By default,
46 it listens to all addresses on the machine. However, it may need to
47 be told to listen on specific ports, or only on selected
48 addresses, or a combination of both. This is often combined with the
49 <a href="vhosts.html">Virtual Host</a> feature, which determines how
50 <code>httpd</code> responds to different IP addresses, hostnames and
53 <p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
54 directive tells the server to accept
55 incoming requests only on the specified port(s) or
56 address-and-port combinations. If only a port number is
57 specified in the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
58 directive, the server listens to the given port on all interfaces.
59 If an IP address is given as well as a port, the server will listen
60 on the given port and interface. Multiple <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives may be used to
61 specify a number of addresses and ports to listen on. The
62 server will respond to requests from any of the listed
63 addresses and ports.</p>
65 <p>For example, to make the server accept connections on both
66 port 80 and port 8000, on all interfaces, use:</p>
68 <div class="example"><p><code>
73 <p>To make the server accept connections on port 80 for one interface,
74 and port 8000 on another, use</p>
76 <div class="example"><p><code>
77 Listen 192.0.2.1:80<br />
81 <p>IPv6 addresses must be enclosed in square brackets, as in the
82 following example:</p>
84 <div class="example"><p><code>
85 Listen [2001:db8::a00:20ff:fea7:ccea]:80
88 <div class="warning"><p>Overlapping <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives will result in a
89 fatal error which will prevent the server from starting up.</p>
91 <div class="example"><p><code>
92 (48)Address already in use: make_sock: could not bind to address [::]:80
96 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
98 <h2><a name="ipv6" id="ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></h2>
101 <p>A growing number of platforms implement IPv6, and
102 <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#apr" title="see glossary">APR</a> supports IPv6 on most of these platforms,
103 allowing httpd to allocate IPv6 sockets, and to handle requests sent
106 <p>One complicating factor for httpd administrators is whether or
107 not an IPv6 socket can handle both IPv4 connections and IPv6
108 connections. Handling IPv4 connections with an IPv6 socket uses
109 IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses, which are allowed by default on most
110 platforms, but are disallowed by default on FreeBSD, NetBSD, and
111 OpenBSD, in order to match the system-wide policy on those
112 platforms. On systems where it is disallowed by default, a
113 special <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> parameter can change this behavior
116 <p>On the other hand, on some platforms, such as Linux and Tru64, the
117 <strong>only</strong> way to handle both IPv6 and IPv4 is to use
118 mapped addresses. If you want <code>httpd</code> to handle IPv4 and IPv6 connections
119 with a minimum of sockets, which requires using IPv4-mapped IPv6
120 addresses, specify the <code>--enable-v4-mapped</code> <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> option.</p>
122 <p><code>--enable-v4-mapped</code> is the default on all platforms except
123 FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD, so this is probably how your httpd was
126 <p>If you want httpd to handle IPv4 connections only, regardless of
127 what your platform and APR will support, specify an IPv4 address on all
128 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives, as in the
129 following examples:</p>
131 <div class="example"><p><code>
132 Listen 0.0.0.0:80<br />
136 <p>If your platform supports it and you want httpd to handle IPv4 and
137 IPv6 connections on separate sockets (i.e., to disable IPv4-mapped
138 addresses), specify the <code>--disable-v4-mapped</code> <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> option. <code>--disable-v4-mapped</code> is the
139 default on FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD.</p>
140 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
141 <div class="section">
142 <h2><a name="protocol" id="protocol">Specifying the protocol with Listen</a></h2>
144 <p>The optional second <var>protocol</var> argument of
145 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
146 is not required for most
147 configurations. If not specified, <code>https</code> is the default for
148 port 443 and <code>http</code> the default for all other ports. The
149 protocol is used to determine which module should handle a request, and
150 to apply protocol specific optimizations with the
151 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#acceptfilter">AcceptFilter</a></code> directive.</p>
153 <p>You only need to set the protocol if you are running on non-standard
154 ports. For example, running an <code>https</code> site on port 8443:</p>
156 <div class="example"><p><code>
157 Listen 192.170.2.1:8443 https
159 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
160 <div class="section">
161 <h2><a name="virtualhost" id="virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></h2>
164 <p> The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directive does not implement
165 Virtual Hosts - it only tells the
166 main server what addresses and ports to listen on. If no
167 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
168 directives are used, the server will behave
169 in the same way for all accepted requests. However,
170 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
171 can be used to specify a different behavior
172 for one or more of the addresses or ports. To implement a
173 VirtualHost, the server must first be told to listen to the
174 address and port to be used. Then a
175 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code> section
176 should be created for the specified address and port to set the
177 behavior of this virtual host. Note that if the
178 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
179 is set for an address and port that the
180 server is not listening to, it cannot be accessed.</p>
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