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15 <p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.1</p>
16 <img alt="" src="./images/feather.gif" /></div>
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19 <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs-project/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.1</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Binding</h1>
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27 <p>Configuring Apache to listen on specific addresses and ports.</p>
29 <div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#overview">Overview</a></li>
30 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></li>
31 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></li>
32 </ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="vhosts/">Virtual Hosts</a></li><li><a href="dns-caveats.html">DNS Issues</a></li></ul></div>
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35 <h2><a name="overview" id="overview">Overview</a></h2>
38 <table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/core.html">core</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html">mpm_common</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table>
41 <p>When Apache starts, it binds to some port and address on
42 the local machine and waits for incoming requests. By default,
43 it listens to all addresses on the machine. However, it needs to
44 be told to listen on specific ports, or to listen on only selected
45 addresses, or a combination. This is often combined with the
46 Virtual Host feature which determines how Apache responds to
47 different IP addresses, hostnames and ports.</p>
49 <p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
50 directive tells the server to accept
51 incoming requests only on the specified port or
52 address-and-port combinations. If only a port number is
53 specified in the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
55 listens to the given port on all interfaces. If an IP address
56 is given as well as a port, the server will listen on the given
57 port and interface. Multiple Listen directives may be used to
58 specify a number of addresses and ports to listen on. The
59 server will respond to requests from any of the listed
60 addresses and ports.</p>
62 <p>For example, to make the server accept connections on both
63 port 80 and port 8000, use:</p>
65 <div class="example"><p><code>
70 <p>To make the server accept connections on two specified
71 interfaces and port numbers, use</p>
73 <div class="example"><p><code>
74 Listen 192.170.2.1:80<br />
75 Listen 192.170.2.5:8000
78 <p>IPv6 addresses must be surrounded in square brackets, as in the
79 following example:</p>
81 <div class="example"><p><code>
82 Listen [fe80::a00:20ff:fea7:ccea]:80
84 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
86 <h2><a name="ipv6" id="ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></h2>
89 <p>A growing number of platforms implement IPv6, and APR supports
90 IPv6 on most of these platforms, allowing Apache to allocate IPv6
91 sockets and handle requests which were sent over IPv6.</p>
93 <p>One complicating factor for Apache administrators is whether or
94 not an IPv6 socket can handle both IPv4 connections and IPv6
95 connections. Handling IPv4 connections with an IPv6 socket uses
96 IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses, which are allowed by default on most
97 platforms but are disallowed by default on FreeBSD, NetBSD, and
98 OpenBSD in order to match the system-wide policy on those
99 platforms. But even on systems where it is disallowed by default, a
100 special configure parameter can change this behavior for Apache.</p>
102 <p>On the other hand, on some platforms such as Linux and Tru64 the
103 <strong>only</strong> way to handle both IPv6 and IPv4 is to use
104 mapped addresses. If you want Apache to handle IPv4 and IPv6 connections
105 with a minimum of sockets, which requires using IPv4-mapped IPv6
106 addresses, specify the <code>--enable-v4-mapped</code> configure
109 <p><code>--enable-v4-mapped</code> is the default on all platforms but
110 FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD, so this is probably how your Apache was
113 <p>If you want Apache to handle IPv4 connections only, regardless of
114 what your platform and APR will support, specify an IPv4 address on all
115 Listen directives, as in the following examples:</p>
117 <div class="example"><p><code>
118 Listen 0.0.0.0:80<br />
119 Listen 192.170.2.1:80
122 <p>If your platform supports it and you want Apache to handle IPv4 and
123 IPv6 connections on separate sockets (i.e., to disable IPv4-mapped
124 addresses), specify the <code>--disable-v4-mapped</code> configure
125 option. <code>--disable-v4-mapped</code> is the default on FreeBSD,
126 NetBSD, and OpenBSD.</p>
127 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
128 <div class="section">
129 <h2><a name="virtualhost" id="virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></h2>
132 <p>Listen does not implement Virtual Hosts. It only tells the
133 main server what addresses and ports to listen to. If no
134 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
135 directives are used, the server will behave
136 the same for all accepted requests. However,
137 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
138 can be used to specify a different behavior
139 for one or more of the addresses and ports. To implement a
140 VirtualHost, the server must first be told to listen to the
141 address and port to be used. Then a
142 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code> section
143 should be created for a specified address and port to set the
144 behavior of this virtual host. Note that if the
145 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
146 is set for an address and port that the
147 server is not listening to, it cannot be accessed.</p>
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155 <p class="apache">Copyright 1999-2004 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
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