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8 <title>Binding to Addresses and Ports - Apache HTTP Server</title>
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18 <p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</p>
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22 <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.5</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Binding to Addresses and Ports</h1>
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32 <p>Configuring Apache HTTP Server to listen on specific addresses and ports.</p>
34 <div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#overview">Overview</a></li>
35 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></li>
36 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#protocol">Specifying the protocol with Listen</a></li>
37 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></li>
38 </ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="vhosts/">Virtual Hosts</a></li><li><a href="dns-caveats.html">DNS Issues</a></li></ul><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
39 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
41 <h2><a name="overview" id="overview">Overview</a></h2>
44 <table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/core.html">core</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html">mpm_common</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table>
47 <p>When httpd starts, it binds to some port and address on
48 the local machine and waits for incoming requests. By default,
49 it listens to all addresses on the machine. However, it may need to
50 be told to listen on specific ports, or only on selected
51 addresses, or a combination of both. This is often combined with the
52 <a href="vhosts">Virtual Host</a> feature, which determines how
53 <code>httpd</code> responds to different IP addresses, hostnames and
56 <p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
57 directive tells the server to accept
58 incoming requests only on the specified port(s) or
59 address-and-port combinations. If only a port number is
60 specified in the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
61 directive, the server listens to the given port on all interfaces.
62 If an IP address is given as well as a port, the server will listen
63 on the given port and interface. Multiple <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives may be used to
64 specify a number of addresses and ports to listen on. The
65 server will respond to requests from any of the listed
66 addresses and ports.</p>
68 <p>For example, to make the server accept connections on both
69 port 80 and port 8000, on all interfaces, use:</p>
71 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
77 <p>To make the server accept connections on port 80 for one interface,
78 and port 8000 on another, use</p>
80 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
86 <p>IPv6 addresses must be enclosed in square brackets, as in the
87 following example:</p>
89 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
90 Listen [2001:db8::a00:20ff:fea7:ccea]:80
94 <div class="warning"><p>Overlapping <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives will result in a
95 fatal error which will prevent the server from starting up.</p>
97 <div class="example"><p><code>
98 (48)Address already in use: make_sock: could not bind to address [::]:80
102 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
103 <div class="section">
104 <h2><a name="ipv6" id="ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></h2>
107 <p>A growing number of platforms implement IPv6, and
108 <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#apr" title="see glossary">APR</a> supports IPv6 on most of these platforms,
109 allowing httpd to allocate IPv6 sockets, and to handle requests sent
112 <p>One complicating factor for httpd administrators is whether or
113 not an IPv6 socket can handle both IPv4 connections and IPv6
114 connections. Handling IPv4 connections with an IPv6 socket uses
115 IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses, which are allowed by default on most
116 platforms, but are disallowed by default on FreeBSD, NetBSD, and
117 OpenBSD, in order to match the system-wide policy on those
118 platforms. On systems where it is disallowed by default, a
119 special <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> parameter can change this behavior
122 <p>On the other hand, on some platforms, such as Linux and Tru64, the
123 <strong>only</strong> way to handle both IPv6 and IPv4 is to use
124 mapped addresses. If you want <code>httpd</code> to handle IPv4 and IPv6 connections
125 with a minimum of sockets, which requires using IPv4-mapped IPv6
126 addresses, specify the <code>--enable-v4-mapped</code> <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> option.</p>
128 <p><code>--enable-v4-mapped</code> is the default on all platforms except
129 FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD, so this is probably how your httpd was
132 <p>If you want httpd to handle IPv4 connections only, regardless of
133 what your platform and APR will support, specify an IPv4 address on all
134 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives, as in the
135 following examples:</p>
137 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
143 <p>If your platform supports it and you want httpd to handle IPv4 and
144 IPv6 connections on separate sockets (i.e., to disable IPv4-mapped
145 addresses), specify the <code>--disable-v4-mapped</code> <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> option. <code>--disable-v4-mapped</code> is the
146 default on FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD.</p>
147 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
148 <div class="section">
149 <h2><a name="protocol" id="protocol">Specifying the protocol with Listen</a></h2>
151 <p>The optional second <var>protocol</var> argument of
152 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
153 is not required for most
154 configurations. If not specified, <code>https</code> is the default for
155 port 443 and <code>http</code> the default for all other ports. The
156 protocol is used to determine which module should handle a request, and
157 to apply protocol specific optimizations with the
158 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#acceptfilter">AcceptFilter</a></code> directive.</p>
160 <p>You only need to set the protocol if you are running on non-standard
161 ports. For example, running an <code>https</code> site on port 8443:</p>
163 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
164 Listen 192.170.2.1:8443 https
167 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
168 <div class="section">
169 <h2><a name="virtualhost" id="virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></h2>
172 <p> The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directive does not implement
173 Virtual Hosts - it only tells the
174 main server what addresses and ports to listen on. If no
175 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
176 directives are used, the server will behave
177 in the same way for all accepted requests. However,
178 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
179 can be used to specify a different behavior
180 for one or more of the addresses or ports. To implement a
181 VirtualHost, the server must first be told to listen to the
182 address and port to be used. Then a
183 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code> section
184 should be created for the specified address and port to set the
185 behavior of this virtual host. Note that if the
186 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
187 is set for an address and port that the
188 server is not listening to, it cannot be accessed.</p>
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