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15 <p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.3</p>
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17 <div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div>
19 <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.3</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Binding</h1>
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28 <p>Configuring Apache to listen on specific addresses and ports.</p>
30 <div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#overview">Overview</a></li>
31 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></li>
32 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></li>
33 </ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="vhosts/">Virtual Hosts</a></li><li><a href="dns-caveats.html">DNS Issues</a></li></ul></div>
34 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
36 <h2><a name="overview" id="overview">Overview</a></h2>
39 <table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/core.html">core</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html">mpm_common</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table>
42 <p>When Apache starts, it binds to some port and address on
43 the local machine and waits for incoming requests. By default,
44 it listens to all addresses on the machine. However, it may need to
45 be told to listen on specific ports, or only on selected
46 addresses, or a combination of both. This is often combined with the
47 Virtual Host feature, which determines how Apache responds to
48 different IP addresses, hostnames and ports.</p>
50 <p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
51 directive tells the server to accept
52 incoming requests only on the specified ports or
53 address-and-port combinations. If only a port number is
54 specified in the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
56 listens to the given port on all interfaces. If an IP address
57 is given as well as a port, the server will listen on the given
58 port and interface. Multiple <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives may be used to
59 specify a number of addresses and ports to listen on. The
60 server will respond to requests from any of the listed
61 addresses and ports.</p>
63 <p>For example, to make the server accept connections on both
64 port 80 and port 8000, on all interfaces, use:</p>
66 <div class="example"><p><code>
71 <p>To make the server accept connections on port 80 for one interface,
72 and port 8000 on another, use</p>
74 <div class="example"><p><code>
75 Listen 192.0.2.1:80<br />
79 <p>IPv6 addresses must be enclosed in square brackets, as in the
80 following example:</p>
82 <div class="example"><p><code>
83 Listen [2001:db8::a00:20ff:fea7:ccea]:80
85 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
87 <h2><a name="ipv6" id="ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></h2>
90 <p>A growing number of platforms implement IPv6, and
91 <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#apr" title="see glossary">APR</a> supports IPv6 on most of these platforms,
92 allowing Apache to allocate IPv6 sockets, and to handle requests sent
95 <p>One complicating factor for Apache administrators is whether or
96 not an IPv6 socket can handle both IPv4 connections and IPv6
97 connections. Handling IPv4 connections with an IPv6 socket uses
98 IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses, which are allowed by default on most
99 platforms, but are disallowed by default on FreeBSD, NetBSD, and
100 OpenBSD, in order to match the system-wide policy on those
101 platforms. On systems where it is disallowed by default, a
102 special <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> parameter can change this behavior
105 <p>On the other hand, on some platforms, such as Linux and Tru64, the
106 <strong>only</strong> way to handle both IPv6 and IPv4 is to use
107 mapped addresses. If you want Apache to handle IPv4 and IPv6 connections
108 with a minimum of sockets, which requires using IPv4-mapped IPv6
109 addresses, specify the <code>--enable-v4-mapped</code> <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> option.</p>
111 <p><code>--enable-v4-mapped</code> is the default on all platforms except
112 FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD, so this is probably how your Apache was
115 <p>If you want Apache to handle IPv4 connections only, regardless of
116 what your platform and APR will support, specify an IPv4 address on all
117 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives, as in the
118 following examples:</p>
120 <div class="example"><p><code>
121 Listen 0.0.0.0:80<br />
125 <p>If your platform supports it and you want Apache to handle IPv4 and
126 IPv6 connections on separate sockets (i.e., to disable IPv4-mapped
127 addresses), specify the <code>--disable-v4-mapped</code> <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> option. <code>--disable-v4-mapped</code> is the
128 default on FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD.</p>
129 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
130 <div class="section">
131 <h2><a name="virtualhost" id="virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></h2>
134 <p> The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directive does not implement
135 Virtual Hosts - it only tells the
136 main server what addresses and ports to listen on. If no
137 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
138 directives are used, the server will behave
139 in the same way for all accepted requests. However,
140 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
141 can be used to specify a different behavior
142 for one or more of the addresses or ports. To implement a
143 VirtualHost, the server must first be told to listen to the
144 address and port to be used. Then a
145 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code> section
146 should be created for the specified address and port to set the
147 behavior of this virtual host. Note that if the
148 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
149 is set for an address and port that the
150 server is not listening to, it cannot be accessed.</p>
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