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15 <p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.1</p>
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19 <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs-project/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.1</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Binding</h1>
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28 <p>Configuring Apache to listen on specific addresses and ports.</p>
30 <div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#overview">Overview</a></li>
31 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></li>
32 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></li>
33 </ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="vhosts/">Virtual Hosts</a></li><li><a href="dns-caveats.html">DNS Issues</a></li></ul></div>
34 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
36 <h2><a name="overview" id="overview">Overview</a></h2>
39 <table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/core.html">core</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html">mpm_common</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table>
42 <p>When Apache starts, it binds to some port and address on
43 the local machine and waits for incoming requests. By default,
44 it listens to all addresses on the machine. However, it needs to
45 be told to listen on specific ports, or to listen on only selected
46 addresses, or a combination. This is often combined with the
47 Virtual Host feature which determines how Apache responds to
48 different IP addresses, hostnames and ports.</p>
50 <p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
51 directive tells the server to accept
52 incoming requests only on the specified port or
53 address-and-port combinations. If only a port number is
54 specified in the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
56 listens to the given port on all interfaces. If an IP address
57 is given as well as a port, the server will listen on the given
58 port and interface. Multiple <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives may be used to
59 specify a number of addresses and ports to listen on. The
60 server will respond to requests from any of the listed
61 addresses and ports.</p>
63 <p>For example, to make the server accept connections on both
64 port 80 and port 8000, use:</p>
66 <div class="example"><p><code>
71 <p>To make the server accept connections on two specified
72 interfaces and port numbers, use</p>
74 <div class="example"><p><code>
75 Listen 192.170.2.1:80<br />
76 Listen 192.170.2.5:8000
79 <p>IPv6 addresses must be surrounded in square brackets, as in the
80 following example:</p>
82 <div class="example"><p><code>
83 Listen [fe80::a00:20ff:fea7:ccea]:80
85 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
87 <h2><a name="ipv6" id="ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></h2>
90 <p>A growing number of platforms implement IPv6, and APR supports
91 IPv6 on most of these platforms, allowing Apache to allocate IPv6
92 sockets and handle requests which were sent over IPv6.</p>
94 <p>One complicating factor for Apache administrators is whether or
95 not an IPv6 socket can handle both IPv4 connections and IPv6
96 connections. Handling IPv4 connections with an IPv6 socket uses
97 IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses, which are allowed by default on most
98 platforms but are disallowed by default on FreeBSD, NetBSD, and
99 OpenBSD in order to match the system-wide policy on those
100 platforms. But even on systems where it is disallowed by default, a
101 special <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> parameter can change this behavior
104 <p>On the other hand, on some platforms such as Linux and Tru64 the
105 <strong>only</strong> way to handle both IPv6 and IPv4 is to use
106 mapped addresses. If you want Apache to handle IPv4 and IPv6 connections
107 with a minimum of sockets, which requires using IPv4-mapped IPv6
108 addresses, specify the <code>--enable-v4-mapped</code> <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> option.</p>
110 <p><code>--enable-v4-mapped</code> is the default on all platforms but
111 FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD, so this is probably how your Apache was
114 <p>If you want Apache to handle IPv4 connections only, regardless of
115 what your platform and APR will support, specify an IPv4 address on all
116 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives, as in the
117 following examples:</p>
119 <div class="example"><p><code>
120 Listen 0.0.0.0:80<br />
121 Listen 192.170.2.1:80
124 <p>If your platform supports it and you want Apache to handle IPv4 and
125 IPv6 connections on separate sockets (i.e., to disable IPv4-mapped
126 addresses), specify the <code>--disable-v4-mapped</code> <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> option. <code>--disable-v4-mapped</code> is the
127 default on FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD.</p>
128 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
129 <div class="section">
130 <h2><a name="virtualhost" id="virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></h2>
133 <p> <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> does not implement
134 Virtual Hosts. It only tells the
135 main server what addresses and ports to listen to. If no
136 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
137 directives are used, the server will behave
138 the same for all accepted requests. However,
139 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
140 can be used to specify a different behavior
141 for one or more of the addresses and ports. To implement a
142 VirtualHost, the server must first be told to listen to the
143 address and port to be used. Then a
144 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code> section
145 should be created for a specified address and port to set the
146 behavior of this virtual host. Note that if the
147 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
148 is set for an address and port that the
149 server is not listening to, it cannot be accessed.</p>
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