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15 <p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.3</p>
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17 <div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div>
19 <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.3</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Binding</h1>
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29 <p>Configuring Apache HTTP Server to listen on specific addresses and ports.</p>
31 <div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#overview">Overview</a></li>
32 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></li>
33 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></li>
34 </ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="vhosts/">Virtual Hosts</a></li><li><a href="dns-caveats.html">DNS Issues</a></li></ul></div>
35 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
37 <h2><a name="overview" id="overview">Overview</a></h2>
40 <table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/core.html">core</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html">mpm_common</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table>
43 <p>When httpd starts, it binds to some port and address on
44 the local machine and waits for incoming requests. By default,
45 it listens to all addresses on the machine. However, it may need to
46 be told to listen on specific ports, or only on selected
47 addresses, or a combination of both. This is often combined with the
48 Virtual Host feature, which determines how httpd responds to
49 different IP addresses, hostnames and ports.</p>
51 <p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
52 directive tells the server to accept
53 incoming requests only on the specified ports or
54 address-and-port combinations. If only a port number is
55 specified in the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
57 listens to the given port on all interfaces. If an IP address
58 is given as well as a port, the server will listen on the given
59 port and interface. Multiple <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives may be used to
60 specify a number of addresses and ports to listen on. The
61 server will respond to requests from any of the listed
62 addresses and ports.</p>
64 <p>For example, to make the server accept connections on both
65 port 80 and port 8000, on all interfaces, use:</p>
67 <div class="example"><p><code>
72 <p>To make the server accept connections on port 80 for one interface,
73 and port 8000 on another, use</p>
75 <div class="example"><p><code>
76 Listen 192.0.2.1:80<br />
80 <p>IPv6 addresses must be enclosed in square brackets, as in the
81 following example:</p>
83 <div class="example"><p><code>
84 Listen [2001:db8::a00:20ff:fea7:ccea]:80
86 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
88 <h2><a name="ipv6" id="ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></h2>
91 <p>A growing number of platforms implement IPv6, and
92 <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#apr" title="see glossary">APR</a> supports IPv6 on most of these platforms,
93 allowing httpd to allocate IPv6 sockets, and to handle requests sent
96 <p>One complicating factor for httpd administrators is whether or
97 not an IPv6 socket can handle both IPv4 connections and IPv6
98 connections. Handling IPv4 connections with an IPv6 socket uses
99 IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses, which are allowed by default on most
100 platforms, but are disallowed by default on FreeBSD, NetBSD, and
101 OpenBSD, in order to match the system-wide policy on those
102 platforms. On systems where it is disallowed by default, a
103 special <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> parameter can change this behavior
106 <p>On the other hand, on some platforms, such as Linux and Tru64, the
107 <strong>only</strong> way to handle both IPv6 and IPv4 is to use
108 mapped addresses. If you want httpd to handle IPv4 and IPv6 connections
109 with a minimum of sockets, which requires using IPv4-mapped IPv6
110 addresses, specify the <code>--enable-v4-mapped</code> <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> option.</p>
112 <p><code>--enable-v4-mapped</code> is the default on all platforms except
113 FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD, so this is probably how your httpd was
116 <p>If you want httpd to handle IPv4 connections only, regardless of
117 what your platform and APR will support, specify an IPv4 address on all
118 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives, as in the
119 following examples:</p>
121 <div class="example"><p><code>
122 Listen 0.0.0.0:80<br />
126 <p>If your platform supports it and you want httpd to handle IPv4 and
127 IPv6 connections on separate sockets (i.e., to disable IPv4-mapped
128 addresses), specify the <code>--disable-v4-mapped</code> <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> option. <code>--disable-v4-mapped</code> is the
129 default on FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD.</p>
130 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
131 <div class="section">
132 <h2><a name="virtualhost" id="virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></h2>
135 <p> The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directive does not implement
136 Virtual Hosts - it only tells the
137 main server what addresses and ports to listen on. If no
138 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
139 directives are used, the server will behave
140 in the same way for all accepted requests. However,
141 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
142 can be used to specify a different behavior
143 for one or more of the addresses or ports. To implement a
144 VirtualHost, the server must first be told to listen to the
145 address and port to be used. Then a
146 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code> section
147 should be created for the specified address and port to set the
148 behavior of this virtual host. Note that if the
149 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
150 is set for an address and port that the
151 server is not listening to, it cannot be accessed.</p>
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