1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
3 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head><!--
4 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
5 This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT
6 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
8 <title>Binding to Addresses and Ports - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</title>
9 <link href="./style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" />
10 <link href="./style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" />
11 <link href="./style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./style/css/prettify.css" />
12 <script src="./style/scripts/prettify.min.js" type="text/javascript">
15 <link href="./images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head>
16 <body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header">
17 <p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/quickreference.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
18 <p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</p>
19 <img alt="" src="./images/feather.gif" /></div>
20 <div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div>
22 <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.5</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Binding to Addresses and Ports</h1>
24 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./de/bind.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> |
25 <a href="./en/bind.html" title="English"> en </a> |
26 <a href="./fr/bind.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> |
27 <a href="./ja/bind.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> |
28 <a href="./ko/bind.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> |
29 <a href="./tr/bind.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p>
32 <p>Configuring Apache HTTP Server to listen on specific addresses and ports.</p>
34 <div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#overview">Overview</a></li>
35 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></li>
36 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#protocol">Specifying the protocol with Listen</a></li>
37 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></li>
38 </ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="vhosts/">Virtual Hosts</a></li><li><a href="dns-caveats.html">DNS Issues</a></li></ul><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
39 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
41 <h2><a name="overview" id="overview">Overview</a></h2>
44 <table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/core.html">core</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html">mpm_common</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table>
47 <p>When httpd starts, it binds to some port and address on
48 the local machine and waits for incoming requests. By default,
49 it listens to all addresses on the machine. However, it may need to
50 be told to listen on specific ports, or only on selected
51 addresses, or a combination of both. This is often combined with the
52 <a href="vhosts/">Virtual Host</a> feature, which determines how
53 <code>httpd</code> responds to different IP addresses, hostnames and
56 <p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
57 directive tells the server to accept
58 incoming requests only on the specified port(s) or
59 address-and-port combinations. If only a port number is
60 specified in the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
61 directive, the server listens to the given port on all interfaces.
62 If an IP address is given as well as a port, the server will listen
63 on the given port and interface. Multiple <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives may be used to
64 specify a number of addresses and ports to listen on. The
65 server will respond to requests from any of the listed
66 addresses and ports.</p>
68 <p>For example, to make the server accept connections on both
69 port 80 and port 8000, on all interfaces, use:</p>
71 <div class="example"><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Listen 80
75 <p>To make the server accept connections on port 80 for one interface,
76 and port 8000 on another, use</p>
78 <div class="example"><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Listen 192.0.2.1:80
79 Listen 192.0.2.5:8000</pre>
82 <p>IPv6 addresses must be enclosed in square brackets, as in the
83 following example:</p>
85 <div class="example"><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Listen [2001:db8::a00:20ff:fea7:ccea]:80</pre>
88 <div class="warning"><p>Overlapping <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives will result in a
89 fatal error which will prevent the server from starting up.</p>
91 <div class="example"><p><code>
92 (48)Address already in use: make_sock: could not bind to address [::]:80
95 <p>See <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/CouldNotBindToAddress">the
96 discussion in the wiki</a> for further troubleshooting tips.</p>
100 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
101 <div class="section">
102 <h2><a name="ipv6" id="ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></h2>
105 <p>A growing number of platforms implement IPv6, and
106 <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#apr" title="see glossary">APR</a> supports IPv6 on most of these platforms,
107 allowing httpd to allocate IPv6 sockets, and to handle requests sent
110 <p>One complicating factor for httpd administrators is whether or
111 not an IPv6 socket can handle both IPv4 connections and IPv6
112 connections. Handling IPv4 connections with an IPv6 socket uses
113 IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses, which are allowed by default on most
114 platforms, but are disallowed by default on FreeBSD, NetBSD, and
115 OpenBSD, in order to match the system-wide policy on those
116 platforms. On systems where it is disallowed by default, a
117 special <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> parameter can change this behavior
120 <p>On the other hand, on some platforms, such as Linux and Tru64, the
121 <strong>only</strong> way to handle both IPv6 and IPv4 is to use
122 mapped addresses. If you want <code>httpd</code> to handle IPv4 and IPv6 connections
123 with a minimum of sockets, which requires using IPv4-mapped IPv6
124 addresses, specify the <code>--enable-v4-mapped</code> <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> option.</p>
126 <p><code>--enable-v4-mapped</code> is the default on all platforms except
127 FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD, so this is probably how your httpd was
130 <p>If you want httpd to handle IPv4 connections only, regardless of
131 what your platform and APR will support, specify an IPv4 address on all
132 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives, as in the
133 following examples:</p>
135 <div class="example"><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Listen 0.0.0.0:80
136 Listen 192.0.2.1:80</pre>
139 <p>If your platform supports it and you want httpd to handle IPv4 and
140 IPv6 connections on separate sockets (i.e., to disable IPv4-mapped
141 addresses), specify the <code>--disable-v4-mapped</code> <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> option. <code>--disable-v4-mapped</code> is the
142 default on FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD.</p>
143 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
144 <div class="section">
145 <h2><a name="protocol" id="protocol">Specifying the protocol with Listen</a></h2>
147 <p>The optional second <var>protocol</var> argument of
148 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
149 is not required for most
150 configurations. If not specified, <code>https</code> is the default for
151 port 443 and <code>http</code> the default for all other ports. The
152 protocol is used to determine which module should handle a request, and
153 to apply protocol specific optimizations with the
154 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#acceptfilter">AcceptFilter</a></code> directive.</p>
156 <p>You only need to set the protocol if you are running on non-standard
157 ports. For example, running an <code>https</code> site on port 8443:</p>
159 <div class="example"><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Listen 192.170.2.1:8443 https</pre>
161 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
162 <div class="section">
163 <h2><a name="virtualhost" id="virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></h2>
166 <p> The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directive does not implement
167 Virtual Hosts - it only tells the
168 main server what addresses and ports to listen on. If no
169 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
170 directives are used, the server will behave
171 in the same way for all accepted requests. However,
172 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
173 can be used to specify a different behavior
174 for one or more of the addresses or ports. To implement a
175 VirtualHost, the server must first be told to listen to the
176 address and port to be used. Then a
177 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code> section
178 should be created for the specified address and port to set the
179 behavior of this virtual host. Note that if the
180 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
181 is set for an address and port that the
182 server is not listening to, it cannot be accessed.</p>
184 <div class="bottomlang">
185 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./de/bind.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> |
186 <a href="./en/bind.html" title="English"> en </a> |
187 <a href="./fr/bind.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> |
188 <a href="./ja/bind.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> |
189 <a href="./ko/bind.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> |
190 <a href="./tr/bind.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p>
191 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="./images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed again by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Freenode, or sent to our <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div>
192 <script type="text/javascript"><!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
193 var comments_shortname = 'httpd';
194 var comments_identifier = 'http://httpd.apache.org/docs/trunk/bind.html';
196 if (w.location.hostname.toLowerCase() == "httpd.apache.org") {
197 d.write('<div id="comments_thread"><\/div>');
198 var s = d.createElement('script');
199 s.type = 'text/javascript';
201 s.src = 'https://comments.apache.org/show_comments.lua?site=' + comments_shortname + '&page=' + comments_identifier;
202 (d.getElementsByTagName('head')[0] || d.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(s);
205 d.write('<div id="comments_thread">Comments are disabled for this page at the moment.<\/div>');
207 })(window, document);
208 //--><!]]></script></div><div id="footer">
209 <p class="apache">Copyright 2014 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
210 <p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/quickreference.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div><script type="text/javascript"><!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
211 if (typeof(prettyPrint) !== 'undefined') {