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10 <title>Binding to Addresses and Ports - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</title>
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20 <p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</p>
21 <img alt="" src="./images/feather.png" /></div>
22 <div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div>
24 <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.5</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Binding to Addresses and Ports</h1>
26 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./de/bind.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> |
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35 <p>Configuring Apache HTTP Server to listen on specific addresses and ports.</p>
37 <div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#overview">Overview</a></li>
38 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></li>
39 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#protocol">Specifying the protocol with Listen</a></li>
40 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></li>
41 </ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="vhosts/">Virtual Hosts</a></li><li><a href="dns-caveats.html">DNS Issues</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
42 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
44 <h2><a name="overview" id="overview">Overview</a></h2>
47 <table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/core.html">core</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html">mpm_common</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhostsection"><VirtualHost></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table>
50 <p>When httpd starts, it binds to some port and address on
51 the local machine and waits for incoming requests. By default,
52 it listens to all addresses on the machine. However, it may need to
53 be told to listen on specific ports, or only on selected
54 addresses, or a combination of both. This is often combined with the
55 <a href="vhosts/">Virtual Host</a> feature, which determines how
56 <code>httpd</code> responds to different IP addresses, hostnames and
59 <p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
60 directive tells the server to accept
61 incoming requests only on the specified port(s) or
62 address-and-port combinations. If only a port number is
63 specified in the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
64 directive, the server listens to the given port on all interfaces.
65 If an IP address is given as well as a port, the server will listen
66 on the given port and interface. Multiple <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives may be used to
67 specify a number of addresses and ports to listen on. The
68 server will respond to requests from any of the listed
69 addresses and ports.</p>
71 <p>For example, to make the server accept connections on both
72 port 80 and port 8000, on all interfaces, use:</p>
74 <div class="example"><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Listen 80
78 <p>To make the server accept connections on port 80 for one interface,
79 and port 8000 on another, use</p>
81 <div class="example"><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Listen 192.0.2.1:80
82 Listen 192.0.2.5:8000</pre>
85 <p>IPv6 addresses must be enclosed in square brackets, as in the
86 following example:</p>
88 <div class="example"><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Listen [2001:db8::a00:20ff:fea7:ccea]:80</pre>
91 <div class="warning"><p>Overlapping <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives will result in a
92 fatal error which will prevent the server from starting up.</p>
94 <div class="example"><p><code>
95 (48)Address already in use: make_sock: could not bind to address [::]:80
98 <p>See <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/CouldNotBindToAddress">the
99 discussion in the wiki</a> for further troubleshooting tips.</p>
103 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
104 <div class="section">
105 <h2><a name="ipv6" id="ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></h2>
108 <p>A growing number of platforms implement IPv6, and
109 <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#apr" title="see glossary">APR</a> supports IPv6 on most of these platforms,
110 allowing httpd to allocate IPv6 sockets, and to handle requests sent
113 <p>One complicating factor for httpd administrators is whether or
114 not an IPv6 socket can handle both IPv4 connections and IPv6
115 connections. Handling IPv4 connections with an IPv6 socket uses
116 IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses, which are allowed by default on most
117 platforms, but are disallowed by default on FreeBSD, NetBSD, and
118 OpenBSD, in order to match the system-wide policy on those
119 platforms. On systems where it is disallowed by default, a
120 special <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> parameter can change this behavior
123 <p>On the other hand, on some platforms, such as Linux and Tru64, the
124 <strong>only</strong> way to handle both IPv6 and IPv4 is to use
125 mapped addresses. If you want <code>httpd</code> to handle IPv4 and IPv6 connections
126 with a minimum of sockets, which requires using IPv4-mapped IPv6
127 addresses, specify the <code>--enable-v4-mapped</code> <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> option.</p>
129 <p><code>--enable-v4-mapped</code> is the default on all platforms except
130 FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD, so this is probably how your httpd was
133 <p>If you want httpd to handle IPv4 connections only, regardless of
134 what your platform and APR will support, specify an IPv4 address on all
135 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives, as in the
136 following examples:</p>
138 <div class="example"><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Listen 0.0.0.0:80
139 Listen 192.0.2.1:80</pre>
142 <p>If your platform supports it and you want httpd to handle IPv4 and
143 IPv6 connections on separate sockets (i.e., to disable IPv4-mapped
144 addresses), specify the <code>--disable-v4-mapped</code> <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> option. <code>--disable-v4-mapped</code> is the
145 default on FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD.</p>
146 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
147 <div class="section">
148 <h2><a name="protocol" id="protocol">Specifying the protocol with Listen</a></h2>
150 <p>The optional second <var>protocol</var> argument of
151 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
152 is not required for most
153 configurations. If not specified, <code>https</code> is the default for
154 port 443 and <code>http</code> the default for all other ports. The
155 protocol is used to determine which module should handle a request, and
156 to apply protocol specific optimizations with the
157 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#acceptfilter">AcceptFilter</a></code> directive.</p>
159 <p>You only need to set the protocol if you are running on non-standard
160 ports. For example, running an <code>https</code> site on port 8443:</p>
162 <div class="example"><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Listen 192.170.2.1:8443 https</pre>
164 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
165 <div class="section">
166 <h2><a name="virtualhost" id="virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></h2>
169 <p> The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directive does not implement
170 Virtual Hosts - it only tells the
171 main server what addresses and ports to listen on. If no
172 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhostsection"><VirtualHost></a></code>
173 directives are used, the server will behave
174 in the same way for all accepted requests. However,
175 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhostsection"><VirtualHost></a></code>
176 can be used to specify a different behavior
177 for one or more of the addresses or ports. To implement a
178 VirtualHost, the server must first be told to listen to the
179 address and port to be used. Then a
180 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhostsection"><VirtualHost></a></code> section
181 should be created for the specified address and port to set the
182 behavior of this virtual host. Note that if the
183 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhostsection"><VirtualHost></a></code>
184 is set for an address and port that the
185 server is not listening to, it cannot be accessed.</p>
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