2 $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/release.sgml,v 1.314 2004/11/27 21:56:04 petere Exp $
5 <appendix id="release">
6 <title>Release Notes</title>
8 <sect1 id="release-8-0">
9 <title>Release 8.0</title>
12 <title>Release date</title>
13 <simpara>2004-??-??, current as of 2004-11-21</simpara>
17 <title>Overview</title>
20 Major changes in this release:
25 Microsoft Windows Native Server
30 This is the first <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> release
31 to natively run on <productname>Microsoft Windows</> as a
32 server. It can run as a <productname>Windows</> service. This
33 release supports NT-based Windows releases like
34 <productname>Windows 2000</>, <productname>Windows XP</>, and
35 <productname>Windows 2003</>. Older releases like
36 <productname>Windows 95</>, <productname>Windows 98</>, and
37 <productname>Windows ME</> are not supported because these operating
38 systems do not have the infrastructure to support
39 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>. A separate installer
40 project has been created to ease installation on
41 <productname>Windows</>: <ulink
42 url="http://pgfoundry.org/projects/pginstaller">
43 http://pgfoundry.org/projects/pginstaller</ulink>.
47 Although tested throughout our release cycle, the Windows port
48 does not have the benefit of years of use in production
49 environments that <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> has on
50 Unix platforms and therefore should be treated with the same
51 level of caution as you would a new product.
55 Previous releases required the Unix emulation toolkit
56 <productname>Cygwin</> in order to run the server on Windows
57 operating systems. <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> has
58 always supported clients on Windows.
70 Savepoints allow specific parts of a transaction to be aborted
71 without affecting the remainder of the transaction. Prior
72 releases had no such capability; there was no way to recover
73 from a statement failure within a transaction except by
74 aborting the whole transaction. This feature is valuable for
75 application writers who require error recovery within a
83 Point-In-Time Recovery
88 Though <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> is very reliable,
89 in previous releases there was no way to recover from disk
90 drive failure except to restore from a previous backup or use
91 a standby replication server. Point-in-time recovery allows
92 continuous backup of the server. You can recover either to
93 the point of failure or to some transaction in the past.
105 Tablespaces allow administrators to select the file systems
106 used for storage of tables, indexes, and entire databases.
107 This improves performance and control over disk space
108 usage. Prior releases used <application>initlocation</> and
109 manual symlink management for such tasks.
116 Improved Buffer Management, <command>CHECKPOINT</command>,
117 <command>VACUUM</command>
122 This release has a more intelligent buffer replacement strategy,
123 which will make better use of available shared buffers and
124 improve performance. The performance impact of vacuum and
125 checkpoints is also lessened.
137 A column's data type can now be changed with <command>ALTER
145 New Perl Server-Side Language
150 A new version of the <application>plperl</> server-side language now
151 supports a persistent shared storage area, triggers, returning records
152 and arrays of records, and SPI calls to access the database.
159 Comma-separated-value (CSV) support in <command>COPY</command>
164 <command>COPY</command> can now read and write
165 comma-separated-value files. It has the flexibility to
166 interpret non-standard quoting and separation characters too.
176 <title>Migration to version 8.0</title>
179 A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application> is
180 required for those wishing to migrate data from any previous
185 Observe the following incompatibilities:
191 Server configuration parameters <varname>virtual_host</> and
192 <varname>tcpip_socket</> have been replaced with a more general
193 parameter <varname>listen_addresses</>. Also, the server now listens on
194 <literal>localhost</> by default, which eliminates the need for the
195 <literal>-i</> postmaster switch in many scenarios.
201 Server configuration parameters <varname>SortMem</> and
202 <varname>VacuumMem</> have been renamed to <varname>work_mem</>
203 and <varname>maintenance_work_mem</> to better reflect their
204 use. The original names are still supported in
205 <command>SET</command> and <command>SHOW</command>.
211 Server configuration parameters <varname>log_pid</>,
212 <varname>log_timestamp</>, and <varname>log_source_port</> have been
213 removed now that a more flexible <varname>log_line_prefix</> has been
220 Server configuration parameter <varname>syslog</> has been removed and
221 replaced with a more logical <varname>log_destination</> variable to
222 control the log output destination.
228 Server configuration parameter <varname>log_statement</> has been
229 changed so it can selectively log just database modification or
230 data definition statements. Server configuration parameter <varname>
231 log_duration</> now prints only when <varname>log_statement</>
238 Server configuration parameter <varname>max_expr_depth</> parameter has
239 been replaced with <varname>max_stack_depth</> which measures the
240 physical stack size rather than the expression nesting depth. This
241 helps prevent session termination due to stack overflow caused by
248 The <function>length()</> function no longer counts trailing spaces in
249 <type>CHAR(n)</> values.
255 Casting an integer to <type>BIT(N)</> selects the rightmost N bits of the
256 integer, not the leftmost N bits as before.
262 Updating an element or slice of a NULL array value now produces
263 a non-NULL array result, namely an array containing
264 just the assigned-to positions.
270 Overflow in integer arithmetic operations is now detected and
271 reported as an error.
277 The arithmetic operators associated with the single-byte
278 <type>"char"</> data type has been removed.
284 The server now warns of empty strings passed to
285 <type>oid</type>/<type>float4</type>/<type>float8</type> data
286 types. In the next major release, doing this will generate an
293 The <function>extract()</> function (also called
294 <function>date_part</>) now returns the proper year for BC dates.
295 It previously returned one less than the correct year. The
296 function now also returns the proper values for millennium and
303 <application>psql</>'s <command>\copy</> command now reads or
304 writes to the query's <literal>stdin/stdout</>, rather than
305 <application>psql</>'s <literal>stdin/stdout</>. The previous
306 behavior can be accessed via new
307 <option>pstdin</>/<option>pstdout</> parameters.
312 <para> The JDBC client interface has been removed from the core
313 distribution, and is now hosted at <ulink url=
314 "http://jdbc.postgresql.org">http://jdbc.postgresql.org</ulink>.
315 The TCL client interface has also been removed. There are several
316 TCL interfaces now hosted at <ulink url=
317 "http://gborg.postgresql.org">http://gborg.postgresql.org</ulink>.
323 The server now uses its own time zone database, rather than the
324 one supplied by the operating system. This will provide consistent
325 behavior across all platforms. In most cases, there should be
326 little noticeable difference in time zone behavior, except that
327 the time zone names used by SET/SHOW <varname>TimeZone</> may
328 be different from what your platform provides.
334 <command>EXECUTE</command> now returns a completion tag that
335 matches the executed statement.
341 <application>Configure</>'s threading option no longer requires
342 users to run tests or edit configuration files; threading options
343 are now detected automatically.
349 Now that tablespaces have been implemented,
350 <application>initlocation</> has been removed.
356 Syntax checking of array input values has been tightened up
357 considerably. Junk that was previously allowed in odd places with
358 odd results now causes an error. Empty-string element values
359 must now be written as <literal>""</>, rather than writing nothing.
360 Also changed behavior with respect to whitespace surrounding
361 array elements: trailing whitespace is now ignored, for symmetry
362 with leading whitespace (which has always been ignored).
368 In <option>READ COMMITTED</> serialization mode, volatile functions
369 now see the results of concurrent transactions committed up to the
370 beginning of each statement within the function, rather than up to the
371 beginning of the interactive command that called the function.
377 Functions declared <option>STABLE</> or <option>IMMUTABLE</> always
378 use the snapshot of the calling query, and therefore do not see the
379 effects of actions taken after the calling query starts, whether in
380 their own transaction or other transactions. Such a function must be
381 read-only, too, meaning that it cannot use any SQL commands other than
388 Non-deferred <option>AFTER</> triggers are now fired immediately
389 after completion of the triggering query, rather than upon
390 finishing the current interactive command. This makes a
391 difference when the triggering query occurred within a function:
392 the trigger is invoked before the function proceeds to its next
399 <type>CIDR</> values now must have their non-masked bits be zero.
400 For example, we no longer allow
401 <literal>204.248.199.1/31</literal> as a <type>CIDR</> value. Such
402 values should never have been accepted by
403 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> and will now be rejected.
413 <title>Deprecated Features</title>
416 Some aspects of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>'s behavior
417 have been determined to be suboptimal. For the sake of backward
418 compatibility these have not been removed in 8.0, but they are
419 considered deprecated and will be removed in the next major
426 The 8.1 release will remove the function
427 <function>to_char(interval)</>.
433 By default, tables in <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 8.0
434 and earlier are created with <type>OID</>s. In the next release,
435 this will <emphasis>not</emphasis> be the case: to create a table
436 that contains <type>OID</>s, the <option>WITH OIDS</> clause must
437 be specified or the <varname>default_with_oids</varname>
438 configuration parameter must be enabled. Users are encouraged to
439 explicitly specify <option>WITH OIDS</> if their tables
440 require OIDs for compatibility with future releases of
441 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
448 <title>Changes</title>
451 Below you will find a detailed account of the changes between
452 release 8.0 and the previous major release.
456 <title>Performance Improvements</title>
461 Support cross-data-type index usage (Tom)
464 Before this change, many queries would not use an index if the data
465 types did not match exactly. This improvement makes index usage more
466 intuitive and consistent.
472 New buffer replacement strategy that improves caching (Jan)
475 Prior releases used a least-recently-used (LRU) cache to keep
476 recently referenced pages in memory. The LRU algorithm
477 did not consider the number of times a specific cache entry was
478 accessed, so large table scans could force out useful cache pages.
479 The new cache algorithm uses four separate lists to track most
480 recently used and most frequently used cache pages and dynamically
481 optimize their replacement based on the work load. This should
482 lead to much more efficient use of the shared buffer cache.
483 Administrators who have tested shared buffer sizes in the past
484 should retest with this new cache replacement policy.
490 Add subprocess to write dirty buffers periodically to reduce
491 checkpoint writes (Jan)
494 In previous releases, the checkpoint process, which runs every few
495 minutes, would write all dirty buffers to the operating system's
496 buffer cache then flush all dirty operating system buffers to
497 disk. This often resulted in a periodic spike in disk usage that
498 hurt performance. The new code uses a background writer to trickle
499 disk writes at a steady pace so checkpoints have far fewer dirty
500 pages to write to disk. Also, the new code does not issue a global
501 <function>sync()</> call, but instead <function>fsync()</>s just
502 the files written since the last checkpoint. This should improve
503 performance and minimize degradation during checkpoints.
509 Add ability to prolong vacuum to reduce performance impact (Jan)
512 On busy systems, <command>VACUUM</command> performs many I/O
513 requests which can hurt performance for other users. This
514 release allows you to slow down <command>VACUUM</command> to
515 reduce its impact on other users, though this increases the
516 total duration of <command>VACUUM</command>.
522 Improve btree index performance for duplicate keys (Dmitry Tkach, Tom)
525 This improves the way indexes are scanned when many duplicate
526 values exist in the index.
532 Improved index usage with <literal>OR</> clauses (Tom)
535 This allows the optimizer to use indexes in statements with many OR
536 clauses that would not have been indexed in the past. It can also use
537 multi-column indexes where the first column is specified and the second
538 column is part of an <literal>OR</> clause.
544 Improve matching of partial index clauses (Tom)
547 The server is now smarter about using partial indexes in queries
548 involving complex <option>WHERE</> clauses.
554 Improve performance of the GEQO optimizer (Tom)
557 The GEQO optimizer is used to plan queries involving many tables (by
558 default, twelve or more). This release speeds up the way queries are
559 analyzed to decrease time spent in optimization.
565 Miscellaneous optimizer improvements
568 There is not room here to list all the minor improvements made, but
569 numerous special cases work better than in prior releases.
575 Improve lookup speed for C functions (Tom)
578 This release uses a hash table to lookup information for dynamically
579 loaded C functions. This improves their speed so they perform nearly as
580 quickly as functions that are built into the server executable.
586 Add type-specific <command>ANALYZE</command> statistics
587 capability (Mark Cave-Ayland)
590 This feature allows more flexibility in generating statistics
591 for non-standard data types.
597 Allow collection of <command>ANALYZE</command> statistics for
598 expression indexes (Tom)
601 Expression indexes (also called functional indexes) allow users to
602 index not just columns but the results of expressions and function
603 calls. With this release, the optimizer can gather and use statistics
604 about the contents of expression indexes. This will greatly improve
605 the quality of planning for queries in which an expression index is
612 New two-stage sampling method for <command>ANALYZE</command>
616 This gives better statistics when the density of valid rows is very
617 different in different regions of a table.
623 Speed up <command>TRUNCATE</command> (Tom)
626 This buys back some of the performance loss observed in 7.4, while still
627 keeping <command>TRUNCATE</command> transaction-safe.
636 <title>Server Changes</title>
641 Add WAL file archiving and point-in-time recovery (Simon Riggs)
647 Add tablespaces so admins can control disk layout (Gavin)
653 Add a built-in log rotation program (Andreas Pflug)
656 It is now possible to log server messages conveniently without
657 relying on either <application>syslog</> or an external log
664 Add new read-only server configuration parameters to query server
665 compile-time settings: <varname>block_size</>,
666 <varname>integer_datetimes</>, <varname>max_function_args</>,
667 <varname>max_identifier_length</>, <varname>max_index_keys</> (Joe)
673 Make quoting of <literal>sameuser</>, <literal>samegroup</>, and
674 <literal>all</> remove special meaning of these terms in
675 <filename>pg_hba.conf</> (Andrew)
681 Use clearer IPv6 name <literal>::1/128</> for
682 <literal>localhost</> in default <filename>pg_hba.conf</> (Andrew)
688 Use CIDR format in <filename>pg_hba.conf</> examples (Andrew)
694 Rename server configuration parameters <varname>SortMem</> and
695 <varname>VacuumMem</> to <varname>work_mem</> and
696 <varname>maintenance_work_mem</> (Old names still supported) (Tom)
699 This change was made to clarify that bulk operations such as index and
700 foreign key creation use <varname>maintenance_work_mem</>, while
701 <varname>work_mem</> is for workspaces used during query execution.
707 Allow logging of session disconnections using server configuration
708 <varname>log_disconnections</> (Andrew)
714 Add new server configuration parameter <varname>log_line_prefix</> to
715 allow control of information emitted in each log line (Andrew)
718 Available information includes user name, database name, remote IP
719 address, and session start time.
725 Remove server configuration parameters <varname>log_pid</>,
726 <varname>log_timestamp</>, <varname>log_source_port</>; functionality
727 superseded by <varname>log_line_prefix</> (Andrew)
733 Replace the <varname>virtual_host</> and <varname>tcpip_socket</>
734 parameters with a unified <varname>listen_addresses</> parameter
741 Listen on localhost by default, which eliminates the need for the
742 <option>-i</> postmaster switch in many scenarios (Andrew)
745 Listening on localhost (<literal>127.0.0.1</>) opens no new
746 security holes but allows configurations like Windows and JDBC,
747 which do not support local sockets, to work without special
754 Remove <varname>syslog</> server configuration parameter, and add more
755 logical <varname>log_destination</> variable to control log output
762 Change server configuration parameter <varname>log_statement</> to take
763 values <varname>all</>, <varname>mod</>, <varname>ddl</>, or
764 <varname>none</> to select which queries are logged (Bruce)
767 This allows administrators to log only data definition changes or
768 only data modification statements.
774 Some logging-related configuration parameters could formerly be adjusted
775 by ordinary users, but only in the <quote>more verbose</> direction.
776 They are now treated more strictly: only superusers can set them.
777 However, a superuser may use <command>ALTER USER</> to provide per-user
778 settings of these values for non-superusers. Also, it is now possible
779 for superusers to set values of superuser-only configuration parameters
780 via <literal>PGOPTIONS</>.
786 Allow configuration files to be placed outside the data directory (mlw)
789 By default, configuration files are kept in the cluster's top directory.
790 With this addition, configuration files can be placed outside the
791 data directory, easing administration.
797 Plan prepared queries only when first executed so constants can be
798 used for statistics (Oliver Jowett)
801 Prepared statements plan queries once and execute them many
802 times. While prepared queries avoid the overhead of re-planning
803 on each use, the quality of the plan suffers from not knowing the exact
804 parameters to be used in the query. In this release, planning of
805 unnamed prepared statements is delayed until the first execution,
806 and the actual parameter values of that execution are used as
813 Allow <command>DECLARE CURSOR</command> to take parameters
817 It is now useful to issue <command>DECLARE CURSOR</command> in a
818 <function>Parse</> message with parameters. The parameter values
819 sent at <function>Bind</> time will be substituted into the
820 execution of the cursor's query.
826 Fix hash joins and aggregates of <type>inet</type> and
827 <type>cidr</type> data types (Tom)
830 Release 7.4 handled hashing of mixed <type>inet</type> and
831 <type>cidr</type> values incorrectly. (This bug did not exist
832 in prior releases because they wouldn't try to hash either
839 Make <varname>log_duration</> print only when <varname>log_statement</>
840 prints the query (Ed L.)
849 <title>Query Changes</title>
854 Add savepoints (nested transactions) (Alvaro)
860 Unsupported isolation levels are now accepted and promoted to the
861 nearest supported level (Peter)
864 The SQL specification states that if a database doesn't support a
865 specific isolation level, it should use the next more restrictive level.
866 This change complies with that recommendation.
872 Allow <command>BEGIN WORK</command> to specify transaction
873 isolation levels like <command>START TRANSACTION</command> does
880 Fix table permission checking for cases in which rules generate
881 a query type different from the originally submitted query (Tom)
887 Implement dollar quoting to simplify single-quote usage (Andrew, Tom,
891 In previous releases, because single quotes had to be used to
892 quote a function's body, the use of single quotes inside the
893 function text required use of two single quotes or other error-prone
894 notations. With this release we add the ability to use "dollar
895 quoting" to quote a block of text. The ability to use different
896 quoting delimiters at different nesting levels greatly simplifies
897 the task of quoting correctly, especially in complex functions.
898 Dollar quoting can be used anywhere quoted text is needed.
904 Make <literal>CASE val WHEN compval1 THEN ...</> evaluate <literal>val</> only once (Tom)
907 <option>CASE</> no longer evaluates the test expression multiple
908 times. This has benefits when the expression is complex or is
915 Test <option>HAVING</> before computing target list of an
916 aggregate query (Tom)
919 Fixes improper failure of cases such as <literal>SELECT SUM(win)/SUM(lose)
920 ... GROUP BY ... HAVING SUM(lose) > 0</>. This should work but formerly
921 could fail with divide-by-zero.
927 Replace <varname>max_expr_depth</> parameter with
928 <varname>max_stack_depth</> parameter, measured in kilobytes of stack
932 This gives us a fairly bulletproof defense against crashing due to
933 runaway recursive functions. Instead of measuring the depth of expression
934 nesting, we now directly measure the size of the execution stack.
940 Allow arbitrary row expressions (Tom)
943 This release allows SQL expressions to contain arbitrary composite
944 types, that is, row values. It also allows functions to more easily
945 take rows as arguments and return row values.
951 Allow <option>LIKE</>/<option>ILIKE</> to be used as the operator
952 in row and subselect comparisons (Fabien Coelho)
958 Avoid locale-specific case conversion of basic ASCII letters in
959 identifiers and keywords (Tom)
962 This solves the <quote>Turkish problem</> with mangling of words
963 containing <literal>I</> and <literal>i</>. Folding of characters
964 outside the 7-bit-ASCII set is still locale-aware.
970 Improve syntax error reporting (Fabien, Tom)
973 Syntax error reports are more useful than before.
979 Change <command>EXECUTE</command> to return a completion tag
980 matching the executed statement (Kris Jurka)
983 Previous releases return an <command>EXECUTE</command> tag for
984 any <command>EXECUTE</command> call. In this release, the tag
985 returned will reflect the command executed.
991 Avoid emitting <option>NATURAL CROSS JOIN</> in rule listings (Tom)
994 Such a clause makes no logical sense, but in some cases the rule
995 decompiler formerly produced this syntax.
1004 <title>Object Manipulation Changes</title>
1009 Add <command>COMMENT ON</> for casts, conversions, languages,
1010 operator classes, and large objects (Christopher)
1016 Add new server configuration parameter <varname>default_with_oids</> to
1017 control whether tables are created with <type>OID</>s by default (Neil)
1020 This allows administrators to default all <command>CREATE
1021 TABLE</command> commands to create tables without <type>OID</>
1028 Add <option>WITH</> / <option>WITHOUT OIDS</> clause to
1029 <command>CREATE TABLE AS</command> (Neil)
1035 Allow <command>ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN</> to drop an <type>OID</>
1036 column (<command>ALTER TABLE SET WITHOUT OIDS</> still works)
1043 Allow composite types as table columns (Tom)
1049 Allow <command>ALTER ... ADD COLUMN</> with defaults and
1050 <option>NOT NULL</> constraints; works per SQL spec (Rod)
1053 It is now possible for <option>ADD COLUMN</> to create a column
1054 that is not initially filled with NULLs, but with a specified
1061 Add <command>ALTER COLUMN TYPE</> to change column's type (Rod)
1064 It is now possible to alter a column's data type without dropping
1065 and re-adding the column.
1071 Allow multiple <command>ALTER</> actions in a single <command>ALTER
1072 TABLE</command> command (Rod)
1075 This is particularly useful for <command>ALTER</> commands that
1076 rewrite the table (which include <option>ALTER COLUMN TYPE</> and
1077 <option>ADD COLUMN</> with a default). By grouping
1078 <command>ALTER</> commands together, the table need be rewritten
1085 Allow <command>ALTER TABLE</command> to add <type>SERIAL</type>
1089 This falls out from the new capability of specifying defaults for new
1096 Allow changing the owners of aggregates, conversions, databases,
1097 functions, operators, operator classes, schemas, types, and tablespaces
1098 (Christopher, Euler Taveira de Oliveira)
1101 Previously this required modifying the system tables directly.
1107 Allow temporary object creation to be limited to <option>SECURITY
1108 DEFINER</> functions (Sean Chittenden)
1114 Add <option>ALTER TABLE ... SET WITHOUT CLUSTER</> (Christopher)
1117 Prior to this release, there was no way to clear an auto-cluster
1118 specification except to modify the system tables.
1124 Constraint/Index/<type>SERIAL</> names are now table_column_type
1125 with numbers appended to guarantee uniqueness within the schema
1129 The SQL specification states that such names should be unique
1136 Add <function>pg_get_serial_sequence()</> to return a
1137 <type>SERIAL</> column's sequence name (Christopher)
1140 This allows automated scripts to reliably find the <type>SERIAL</>
1147 Warn when primary/foreign key data type mismatch requires costly lookup
1153 New <command>ALTER INDEX</> command to allow moving of indexes
1154 between tablespaces (Gavin)
1160 Make <command>ALTER TABLE OWNER</> change dependent sequence
1161 ownership too (Alvaro)
1171 <title>Utility Command Changes</title>
1176 Allow <command>CREATE SCHEMA</command> to create triggers,
1177 indexes, and sequences (Neil)
1183 Add <option>ALSO</> keyword to <command>CREATE RULE</command> (Fabien
1187 This allows <option>ALSO</> to be added to rule creation to contrast it with
1188 <option>INSTEAD</> rules.
1194 Add <option>NOWAIT</> option to <command>LOCK</command> (Tatsuo)
1197 This allows the <command>LOCK</command> command to fail if it
1198 would have to wait for the requested lock.
1204 Allow <command>COPY</command> to read and write
1205 comma-separated-value (CSV) files (Andrew, Bruce)
1211 Generate error if the <command>COPY</command> delimiter and NULL
1212 string conflict (Bruce)
1218 <command>GRANT</command>/<command>REVOKE</command> behavior
1219 follows the SQL spec more closely
1225 Avoid locking conflict between <command>CREATE INDEX</command>
1226 and <command>CHECKPOINT</command> (Tom)
1229 In 7.3 and 7.4, a long-running btree index build could block concurrent
1230 <command>CHECKPOINT</>s from completing, thereby causing WAL bloat because the
1231 WAL log could not be recycled.
1237 Database-wide <command>ANALYZE</command> does not hold locks
1241 This reduces the potential for deadlocks against other backends
1242 that want exclusive locks on tables. To get the benefit of this
1243 change, do not execute database-wide <command>ANALYZE</command>
1244 inside a transaction block (<command>BEGIN</command> block); it
1245 must be able to commit and start a new transaction for each
1252 <command>REINDEX</command> does not exclusively lock the index's
1253 parent table anymore
1256 The index itself is still exclusively locked, but readers of the
1257 table can continue if they are not using the particular index
1264 Erase MD5 user passwords when a user is renamed (Bruce)
1267 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> uses the user name as salt
1268 when encrypting passwords via MD5. When a user name is changed,
1269 their salt no longer matches the stored MD5 password, so the
1270 stored password becomes useless. In this release a notice is
1271 generated and the password is cleared. A new password must then
1278 New <application>pg_ctl</> <option>kill</> option for Windows (Andrew)
1281 Windows does not have a <literal>kill</> command to send signals to
1282 backends so this capability was added to <application>pg_ctl</>.
1288 Information schema improvements
1294 Add <option>--pwfile</> option to
1295 <application>initdb</application> so the initial password can be
1296 set by GUI tools (Magnus)
1302 Detect locale/encoding mismatch in
1303 <application>initdb</application> (Peter)
1309 Add <option>register</> command to <application>pg_ctl</> to
1310 register Windows operating system service (Dave Page)
1319 <title>Data Type and Function Changes</title>
1324 More complete support for composite types (row types) (Tom)
1327 Composite values can be used in many places where only scalar values
1334 Reject non-rectangular array values as erroneous (Joe)
1337 Formerly, <function>array_in</> would silently build a
1344 Overflow in integer arithmetic operations is now detected (Tom)
1350 The arithmetic operators associated with the single-byte
1351 <type>"char"</> data type have been removed.
1354 Formerly, the parser would select these operators in many situations
1355 where an <quote>unable to select an operator</> error would be more
1356 appropriate, such as <literal>null * null</>. If you actually want
1357 to do arithmetic on a <type>"char"</> column, you can cast it to integer.
1363 Syntax checking of array input values considerably tightened up (Joe)
1366 Junk that was previously allowed in odd places with odd results
1367 now causes an <literal>ERROR</>, for example, non-whitespace
1368 after the closing right brace.
1374 Empty-string array element values must now be written as
1375 <literal>""</>, rather than writing nothing (Joe)
1378 Formerly, both ways of writing an empty-string element value were
1379 allowed, but now a quoted empty string is required. The case where
1380 nothing at all appears will probably be considered to be a NULL
1381 element value in some future release.
1387 Array element trailing whitespace is now ignored (Joe)
1390 Formerly leading whitespace was ignored, but trailing whitespace
1391 between an element value and the delimiter or right brace was
1392 significant. Now trailing whitespace is also ignored.
1398 Emit array values with explicit array bounds when lower bound is not one
1405 Accept <literal>YYYY-monthname-DD</> as a date string (Tom)
1411 Make <function>netmask()</> and <function>hostmask()</> functions
1412 return maximum-length masklen (Tom)
1418 Change factorial function to return <type>numeric</type> (Gavin)
1421 Returning <type>numeric</type> allows the factorial function to
1422 work for a wider range of input values.
1428 <function>to_char</>/<function>to_date()</> date conversion
1429 improvements (Kurt Roeckx, Fabien Coelho)
1435 Make <function>length()</> disregard trailing spaces in
1436 <type>CHAR(n)</> (Gavin)
1439 This change was made to improve consistency: trailing spaces are
1440 semantically insignificant in <type>CHAR(n)</> data, so they
1441 should not be counted by <function>length()</>.
1447 Warn of empty string being passed to
1448 <type>OID</>/<type>float4</>/<type>float8</> data types (Neil)
1451 8.1 will throw an error instead.
1458 <type>int2</>/<type>int4</>/<type>int8</>/<type>float4</>/<type>float8</>
1459 input routines to have leading or trailing whitespace
1466 Better support for IEEE <literal>Infinity</> and <literal>NaN</>
1467 values in <type>float4</type>/<type>float8</type> (Neil)
1470 These should now work on all platforms that support IEEE-compliant
1471 floating point arithmetic.
1477 Add <option>week</> option to <function>date_trunc()</> (Robert Creager)
1483 Fix <function>to_char</function> for <literal>1 BC</>
1484 (previously it returned <literal>1 AD</>) (Bruce)
1490 Fix <function>date_part(year)</> for BC dates (previously it
1491 returned one less than the correct year) (Bruce)
1497 Fix <function>date_part()</> to return the proper millennium and
1498 century (Fabien Coelho)
1501 In previous versions, the century and millennium results had a wrong
1502 number and started in the wrong year, as compared to standard
1503 reckoning of such things.
1509 Add <function>ceiling()</> as an alias for <function>ceil()</>,
1510 and <function>power()</> as an alias for <function>pow()</> for
1511 standards compliance (Neil)
1517 Change <function>ln()</>, <function>log()</>,
1518 <function>power()</>, and <function>sqrt()</> to emit the correct
1519 <literal>SQLSTATE</> error codes for certain error conditions, as
1520 specified by SQL:2003 (Neil)
1526 Add <function>width_bucket()</> function as defined by SQL:2003 (Neil)
1532 Add <function>generate_series()</> functions to simplify working
1533 with numeric sets (Joe)
1539 Fix <function>upper/lower/initcap()</> functions to work with
1540 multibyte encodings (Tom)
1546 Add boolean and bitwise integer <option>AND</>/<option>OR</>
1547 aggregates (Fabien Coelho)
1553 New session information functions to return network addresses for client
1554 and server (Sean Chittenden)
1560 Add function to determine the area of a closed path (Sean Chittenden)
1566 Add function to send cancel request to other backends (Magnus)
1572 Add <type>interval</> plus <type>datetime</> operators (Tom)
1575 The reverse ordering, <type>datetime</> plus <type>interval</>,
1576 was already supported, but both are required by the SQL standard.
1582 Casting an integer to <type>BIT(N)</> selects the rightmost N bits
1587 In prior releases, the leftmost N bits were selected, but this was
1588 deemed unhelpful, not to mention inconsistent with casting from bit
1595 Require <type>CIDR</> values to have all non-masked bits be zero
1605 <title>Server-Side Language Changes</title>
1610 In <literal>READ COMMITTED</> serialization mode, volatile functions
1611 now see the results of concurrent transactions committed up to the
1612 beginning of each statement within the function, rather than up to the
1613 beginning of the interactive command that called the function.
1619 Functions declared <literal>STABLE</> or <literal>IMMUTABLE</> always
1620 use the snapshot of the calling query, and therefore do not see the
1621 effects of actions taken after the calling query starts, whether in
1622 their own transaction or other transactions. Such a function must be
1623 read-only, too, meaning that it cannot use any SQL commands other than
1630 Non-deferred <option>AFTER</> triggers are now fired immediately
1631 after completion of the triggering query, rather than upon
1632 finishing the current interactive command. This makes a difference
1633 when the triggering query occurred within a function: the trigger
1634 is invoked before the function proceeds to its next operation. For
1635 example, if a function inserts a new row into a table, any
1636 non-deferred foreign key checks occur before proceeding with the
1643 Allow function parameters to be declared with names (Dennis Bjorklund)
1646 This allows better documentation of functions. Whether the names
1647 actually do anything depends on the specific function language
1654 Allow PL/pgSQL parameter names to be referenced in the function (Dennis Bjorklund)
1657 This basically creates an automatic alias for each named parameter.
1663 Do minimal syntax checking of PL/pgSQL functions at creation time (Tom)
1666 This allows us to catch simple syntax errors sooner.
1672 More support for composite types (row and record variables) in PL/pgSQL
1675 For example, it now works to pass a rowtype variable to another function
1676 as a single variable.
1682 Default values for PL/pgSQL variables can now reference previously
1689 Improve parsing of PL/pgSQL FOR loops (Tom)
1692 Parsing is now driven by presence of <literal>".."</> rather than
1693 data type of <option>FOR</> variable. This makes no difference for
1694 correct functions, but should result in more understandable error
1695 messages when a mistake is made.
1701 Major overhaul of PL/Perl server-side language (Command Prompt, Andrew Dunstan)
1707 In PL/Tcl, SPI commands are now run in subtransactions. If an error
1708 occurs, the subtransaction is cleaned up and the error is reported
1709 as an ordinary Tcl error, which can be trapped with <literal>catch</>.
1710 Formerly, it was not possible to catch such errors.
1719 <title><application>psql</> Changes</title>
1724 Improve <application>psql</> information display about database
1725 objects (Christopher)
1731 Allow <application>psql</> to display group membership in
1732 <command>\du</> and <command>\dg</> (Markus Bertheau)
1738 Prevent <application>psql</> <command>\dn</command> from showing
1739 temporary schemas (Bruce)
1745 Allow <application>psql</> to handle tilde user expansion for file
1752 Allow <application>psql</> to display fancy prompts, including
1753 color, via <application>readline</> (Reece Hart, Chet Ramey)
1759 Make <application>psql</> <command>\copy</> match <command>COPY</command> command syntax
1766 Show the location of syntax errors (Fabien Coelho, Tom)
1772 Add <command>CLUSTER</command> information to <application>psql</>
1773 <command>\d</> display
1780 Change <application>psql</> <command>\copy stdin/stdout</> to read
1781 from command input/output (Bruce)
1787 Add <option>pstdin</>/<option>pstdout</> to read from
1788 <application>psql</>'s <literal>stdin</>/<literal>stdout</> (Mark
1795 Add global <application>psql</> config file, <filename>psqlrc.sample</filename>
1799 This allows a central file where global <application>psql</> startup commands can
1806 Have <application>psql</> <command>\d+</> indicate if the table
1807 has an <type>OID</> column (Neil)
1813 On Windows, use binary mode in <application>psql</> when reading files so control-Z
1814 is not seen as end-of-file
1820 Have <command>\dn+</> show permissions and description for schemas (Dennis
1827 Improve tab completion support (Stefan Kaltenbrunn, Greg Sabino Mullane)
1833 Allow boolean settings to be set using upper or lower case (Michael Paesold)
1842 <title><application>pg_dump</> Changes</title>
1847 Use dependency information to improve the reliability of
1848 <application>pg_dump</> (Tom)
1851 This should solve the longstanding problems with related objects
1852 sometimes being dumped in the wrong order.
1858 Have <application>pg_dump</> output objects in alphabetical order if possible (Tom)
1861 This should make it easier to identify changes between
1868 Allow <application>pg_restore</> to ignore some SQL errors (Fabien Coelho)
1871 This makes <application>pg_restore</>'s behavior similar to the
1872 results of feeding a <application>pg_dump</> output script to
1873 <application>psql</>. In most cases, ignoring errors and plowing
1874 ahead is the most useful thing to do. Also added was a pg_restore
1875 option to give the old behavior of exiting on an error.
1881 <application>pg_restore</> <option>-l</> display now includes
1882 objects' schema names
1888 New begin/end markers in <application>pg_dump</> text output (Bruce)
1894 Add start/stop times for
1895 <application>pg_dump</>/<application>pg_dumpall</> in verbose mode
1902 Allow most <application>pg_dump</> options in
1903 <application>pg_dumpall</> (Christopher)
1909 Have <application>pg_dump</> use <command>ALTER OWNER</> rather
1910 than <command>SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</> by default
1920 <title>libpq Changes</title>
1925 Make libpq <option>SIGPIPE</> thread-safe (Bruce)
1931 Add <function>PQmbdsplen()</> which returns the display length
1932 of a character (Tatsuo)
1938 Add thread locking to <application>SSL</> and
1939 <application>Kerberos</> connections (Manfred Spraul)
1945 Allow <function>PQoidValue()</>, <function>PQcmdTuples()</>, and
1946 <function>PQoidStatus()</> to work on <command>EXECUTE</command>
1953 Add <function>PQserverVersion()</> to provide more convenient
1954 access to the server version number (Greg Sabino Mullane)
1960 Add <function>PQprepare/PQsendPrepared()</> functions to support
1961 preparing statements without necessarily specifying the data types
1962 of their parameters (Abhijit Menon-Sen)
1968 Many ecpg improvements, including <command>SET DESCRIPTOR</> (Michael)
1977 <title>Source Code Changes</title>
1982 Allow the database server to run natively on Windows (Claudio, Magnus, Andrew)
1988 Shell script commands converted to C versions for Windows support (Andrew)
1994 Create an extension makefile framework (Fabien Coelho, Peter)
1997 This simplifies the task of building extensions outside the original
2004 Support relocatable installations (Bruce)
2007 Directory paths for installed files (such as the
2008 <filename>/share</> directory) are now computed relative to the
2009 actual location of the executables, so that an installation tree
2010 can be moved to another place without reconfiguring and
2017 Use <option>--with-docdir</> to choose installation location of documentation; also
2018 allow <option>--infodir</> (Peter)
2024 Add <option>--without-docdir</> to prevent installation of documentation (Peter)
2030 Upgrade to <application>DocBook</> V4.2 SGML (Peter)
2036 New <literal>PostgreSQL</> <application>CVS</> tag (Marc)
2039 This was done to make it easier for organizations to manage their
2040 own copies of the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
2041 <application>CVS</> repository. File version stamps from the master
2042 repository will not get munged by checking into or out of a copied
2049 Clarify locking code (Manfred Koizar)
2055 Buffer manager cleanup (Neil)
2061 Decouple platform tests from cpu spinlock code (Bruce, Tom)
2067 Add inlined test-and-set code on PA-RISC for <application>gcc</>
2074 Improve i386 spinlock code (Manfred Spraul)
2080 Clean up spinlock assembly code to avoid warnings from newer
2081 <application>gcc</> releases (Tom)
2087 Remove JDBC from source tree; now a separate project
2093 Remove the libpgtcl client interface; now a separate project
2099 More accurately estimate memory and file descriptor usage (Tom)
2105 Improvements to the Mac OS X startup scripts (Ray A.)
2111 New <function>fsync()</> test program (Bruce)
2117 Major documentation improvements (Neil, Peter)
2123 Remove <application>pg_encoding</application>; not needed
2130 Remove <application>pg_id</application>; not needed anymore
2136 Remove <application>initlocation</application>; not needed
2143 Auto-detect thread flags (no more manual testing) (Bruce)
2149 Use Olson's public domain <application>timezone</> library (Magnus)
2155 With threading enabled, use thread flags on Unixware for
2156 backend executables too (Bruce)
2159 Unixware can not mix threaded and non-threaded object files in the
2160 same executable, so everything must be compiled as threaded.
2166 <application>psql</> now uses a <application>flex</>-generated
2167 lexical analyzer to process command strings
2173 Reimplement the linked list data structure used throughout the
2177 This improves performance by allowing list append and length
2178 operations to be more efficient.
2184 Allow dynamically loaded modules to create their own server configuration
2185 parameters (Thomas Hallgren)
2191 New Brazilian version of FAQ (Euler Taveira de Oliveira)
2197 Add French FAQ (Guillaume Lelarge)
2203 New <application>pgevent</> for Windows logging
2209 Make libpq and ecpg build as proper shared libraries on OS X (Tom)
2218 <title>Contrib Changes</title>
2223 Overhaul of /contrib/dblink (Joe)
2229 /contrib/dbmirror improvements (Steven Singer)
2235 New /contrib/xml2 (John Gray, Torchbox)
2241 Update /contrib/mysql
2247 New version of /contrib/btree_gist (Teodor)
2253 New /contrib/trgm, trigram matching for
2254 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> (Teodor)
2260 Many /contrib/tsearch2 improvements (Teodor)
2266 Add double metaphone to /contrib/fuzzystrmatch (Andrew)
2272 Allow /contrib/pg_autovacuum to run as a Windows service (Dave Page)
2278 Add functions to /contrib/dbsize (Andreas Pflug)
2284 Remove contrib/pg_logger
2290 Remove contrib/rserv: obsoleted by various separate projects
2300 <sect1 id="release-7-4-6">
2301 <title>Release 7.4.6</title>
2304 <title>Release date</title>
2305 <simpara>2004-10-22</simpara>
2309 This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.5.
2314 <title>Migration to version 7.4.6</title>
2317 A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.
2322 <title>Changes</title>
2325 <listitem><para>Repair possible failure to update hint bits on disk</para>
2327 Under rare circumstances this oversight could lead to
2328 <quote>could not access transaction status</> failures, which qualifies
2329 it as a potential-data-loss bug.
2331 <listitem><para>Ensure that hashed outer join does not miss tuples</para>
2333 Very large left joins using a hash join plan could fail to output unmatched
2334 left-side rows given just the right data distribution.
2336 <listitem><para>Disallow running <application>pg_ctl</> as root</para>
2338 This is to guard against any possible security issues.
2340 <listitem><para>Avoid using temp files in /tmp in make_oidjoins_check</para>
2342 This has been reported as a security issue, though it's hardly worthy of
2343 concern since there is no reason for non-developers to use this script anyway.
2345 <listitem><para>Prevent forced backend shutdown from re-emitting prior command
2348 In rare cases, a client might think that its last command had succeeded when
2349 it really had been aborted by forced database shutdown.
2351 <listitem><para>Repair bug in pg_stat_get_backend_idset()</para>
2353 This could lead to misbehavior in some of the system-statistics views.
2355 <listitem><para>Fix small memory leak in postmaster</para></listitem>
2356 <listitem><para>Fix <quote>expected both swapped tables to have TOAST
2357 tables</> bug</para>
2359 This could arise in cases such as CLUSTER after ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN.
2361 <listitem><para>Prevent <literal>pg_ctl restart</> from adding <literal>-D</> multiple times</para></listitem>
2362 <listitem><para>Fix problem with NULL values in GiST indexes</para></listitem>
2363 <listitem><para><literal>::</> is no longer interpreted as a variable in an
2364 ECPG prepare statement</para></listitem>
2370 <sect1 id="release-7-4-5">
2371 <title>Release 7.4.5</title>
2374 <title>Release date</title>
2375 <simpara>2004-08-18</simpara>
2379 This release contains one serious bug fix over 7.4.4.
2384 <title>Migration to version 7.4.5</title>
2387 A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.
2392 <title>Changes</title>
2395 <listitem><para>Repair possible crash during concurrent btree index insertions</para>
2397 This patch fixes a rare case in which concurrent insertions into a btree index
2398 could result in a server panic. No permanent damage would result, but it's
2399 still worth a re-release. The bug does not exist in pre-7.4 releases.
2406 <sect1 id="release-7-4-4">
2407 <title>Release 7.4.4</title>
2410 <title>Release date</title>
2411 <simpara>2004-08-16</simpara>
2415 This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.3.
2420 <title>Migration to version 7.4.4</title>
2423 A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.
2428 <title>Changes</title>
2431 <listitem><para>Prevent possible loss of committed transactions during crash</para>
2433 Due to insufficient interlocking between transaction commit and checkpointing,
2434 it was possible for transactions committed just before the most recent
2435 checkpoint to be lost, in whole or in part, following a database crash and
2436 restart. This is a serious bug that has existed
2437 since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
2439 <listitem><para>Check HAVING restriction before evaluating result list of an
2440 aggregate plan</para></listitem>
2441 <listitem><para>Avoid crash when session's current userID is deleted</para></listitem>
2442 <listitem><para>Fix hashed crosstab for zero-rows case (Joe)</para></listitem>
2443 <listitem><para>Force cache update after renaming a column in a foreign key</para></listitem>
2444 <listitem><para>Pretty-print UNION queries correctly</para></listitem>
2445 <listitem><para>Make psql handle <literal>\r\n</> newlines properly in COPY IN</para></listitem>
2446 <listitem><para><application>pg_dump</> handled ACLs with grant options incorrectly</para></listitem>
2447 <listitem><para>Fix thread support for OS X and Solaris</para></listitem>
2448 <listitem><para>Updated JDBC driver (build 215) with various fixes</para></listitem>
2449 <listitem><para>ECPG fixes</para></listitem>
2450 <listitem><para>Translation updates (various contributors)</para></listitem>
2456 <sect1 id="release-7-4-3">
2457 <title>Release 7.4.3</title>
2460 <title>Release date</title>
2461 <simpara>2004-06-14</simpara>
2465 This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.2.
2470 <title>Migration to version 7.4.3</title>
2473 A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.
2478 <title>Changes</title>
2481 <listitem><para>Fix temporary memory leak when using non-hashed aggregates (Tom)</para></listitem>
2482 <listitem><para>ECPG fixes, including some for Informix compatibility (Michael)</para></listitem>
2483 <listitem><para>Fixes for compiling with thread-safety, particularly Solaris (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2484 <listitem><para>Fix error in COPY IN termination when using the old network protocol (ljb)</para></listitem>
2485 <listitem><para>Several important fixes in pg_autovacuum, including fixes for
2486 large tables, unsigned oids, stability, temp tables, and debug mode
2487 (Matthew T. O'Connor)</para></listitem>
2488 <listitem><para>Fix problem with reading tar-format dumps on NetBSD and BSD/OS (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2489 <listitem><para>Several JDBC fixes</para></listitem>
2490 <listitem><para>Fix ALTER SEQUENCE RESTART where last_value equals the restart value (Tom)</para></listitem>
2491 <listitem><para>Repair failure to recalculate nested sub-selects (Tom)</para></listitem>
2492 <listitem><para>Fix problems with non-constant expressions in LIMIT/OFFSET</para></listitem>
2493 <listitem><para>Support FULL JOIN with no join clause, such as X FULL JOIN Y ON TRUE (Tom)</para></listitem>
2494 <listitem><para>Fix another zero-column table bug (Tom)</para></listitem>
2495 <listitem><para>Improve handling of non-qualified identifiers in GROUP BY clauses in sub-selects (Tom)</para>
2497 Select-list aliases within the sub-select will now take precedence over
2498 names from outer query levels.
2500 <listitem><para>Do not generate <quote>NATURAL CROSS JOIN</> when decompiling rules (Tom)</para></listitem>
2501 <listitem><para>Add checks for invalid field length in binary COPY (Tom)</para>
2503 This fixes a difficult-to-exploit security hole.
2505 <listitem><para>Avoid locking conflict between <command>ANALYZE</command> and <command>LISTEN</command>/<command>NOTIFY</command></para></listitem>
2506 <listitem><para>Numerous translation updates (various contributors)</para></listitem>
2512 <sect1 id="release-7-4-2">
2513 <title>Release 7.4.2</title>
2516 <title>Release date</title>
2517 <simpara>2004-03-08</simpara>
2521 This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.1.
2526 <title>Migration to version 7.4.2</title>
2529 A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X. However,
2530 it may be advisable as the easiest method of incorporating fixes for
2531 two errors that have been found in the initial contents of 7.4.X system
2532 catalogs. A dump/initdb/reload sequence using 7.4.2's initdb will
2533 automatically correct these problems.
2537 The more severe of the two errors is that data type <type>anyarray</>
2538 has the wrong alignment label; this is a problem because the
2539 <structname>pg_statistic</> system catalog uses <type>anyarray</>
2540 columns. The mislabeling can cause planner misestimations and even
2541 crashes when planning queries that involve <literal>WHERE</> clauses on
2542 double-aligned columns (such as <type>float8</> and <type>timestamp</>).
2543 It is strongly recommended that all installations repair this error,
2544 either by initdb or by following the manual repair procedure given
2549 The lesser error is that the system view <structname>pg_settings</>
2550 ought to be marked as having public update access, to allow
2551 <literal>UPDATE pg_settings</> to be used as a substitute for
2552 <command>SET</>. This can also be fixed either by initdb or manually,
2553 but it is not necessary to fix unless you want to use <literal>UPDATE
2558 If you wish not to do an initdb, the following procedure will work
2559 for fixing <structname>pg_statistic</>. As the database superuser,
2563 -- clear out old data in pg_statistic:
2564 DELETE FROM pg_statistic;
2565 VACUUM pg_statistic;
2566 -- this should update 1 row:
2567 UPDATE pg_type SET typalign = 'd' WHERE oid = 2277;
2568 -- this should update 6 rows:
2569 UPDATE pg_attribute SET attalign = 'd' WHERE atttypid = 2277;
2571 -- At this point you MUST start a fresh backend to avoid a crash!
2573 -- repopulate pg_statistic:
2577 This can be done in a live database, but beware that all backends
2578 running in the altered database must be restarted before it is safe to
2579 repopulate <structname>pg_statistic</>.
2583 To repair the <structname>pg_settings</> error, simply do:
2585 GRANT SELECT, UPDATE ON pg_settings TO PUBLIC;
2590 The above procedures must be carried out in <emphasis>each</> database
2591 of an installation, including <literal>template1</>, and ideally
2592 including <literal>template0</> as well. If you do not fix the
2593 template databases then any subsequently created databases will contain
2594 the same errors. <literal>template1</> can be fixed in the same way
2595 as any other database, but fixing <literal>template0</> requires
2596 additional steps. First, from any database issue
2598 UPDATE pg_database SET datallowconn = true WHERE datname = 'template0';
2600 Next connect to <literal>template0</> and perform the above repair
2601 procedures. Finally, do
2603 -- re-freeze template0:
2605 -- and protect it against future alterations:
2606 UPDATE pg_database SET datallowconn = false WHERE datname = 'template0';
2612 <title>Changes</title>
2615 Release 7.4.2 incorporates all the fixes included in release 7.3.6,
2616 plus the following fixes:
2620 <listitem><para>Fix <structname>pg_statistics</> alignment bug that could crash optimizer</para>
2621 <para>See above for details about this problem.</para></listitem>
2622 <listitem><para>Allow non-super users to update <structname>pg_settings</></para></listitem>
2623 <listitem><para>Fix several optimizer bugs, most of which led to
2624 <quote>variable not found in subplan target lists</> errors</para></listitem>
2625 <listitem><para>Avoid out-of-memory failure during startup of large multiple
2626 index scan</para></listitem>
2627 <listitem><para>Fix multibyte problem that could lead to <quote>out of
2628 memory</> error during <command>COPY IN</></para></listitem>
2629 <listitem><para>Fix problems with <command>SELECT INTO</> / <command>CREATE
2630 TABLE AS</> from tables without OIDs</para></listitem>
2631 <listitem><para>Fix problems with <filename>alter_table</> regression test
2632 during parallel testing</para></listitem>
2633 <listitem><para>Fix problems with hitting open file limit, especially on OS X (Tom)</para></listitem>
2634 <listitem><para>Partial fix for Turkish-locale issues</para>
2635 <para>initdb will succeed now in Turkish locale, but there are still some
2636 inconveniences associated with the <literal>i/I</> problem.</para></listitem>
2637 <listitem><para>Make pg_dump set client encoding on restore</para></listitem>
2638 <listitem><para>Other minor pg_dump fixes</para></listitem>
2639 <listitem><para>Allow ecpg to again use C keywords as column names (Michael)</para></listitem>
2640 <listitem><para>Added ecpg <literal>WHENEVER NOT_FOUND</> to
2641 <literal>SELECT/INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE</> (Michael)</para></listitem>
2642 <listitem><para>Fix ecpg crash for queries calling set-returning functions (Michael)</para></listitem>
2643 <listitem><para>Various other ecpg fixes (Michael)</para></listitem>
2644 <listitem><para>Fixes for Borland compiler</para></listitem>
2645 <listitem><para>Thread build improvements (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2646 <listitem><para>Various other build fixes</para></listitem>
2647 <listitem><para>Various JDBC fixes</para></listitem>
2653 <sect1 id="release-7-4-1">
2654 <title>Release 7.4.1</title>
2657 <title>Release date</title>
2658 <simpara>2003-12-22</simpara>
2662 This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.
2667 <title>Migration to version 7.4.1</title>
2670 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
2675 If you want to install the fixes in the information schema
2676 you need to reload it into the database.
2677 This is either accomplished by initializing a new cluster
2678 by running <command>initdb</command>, or by running the following
2679 sequence of SQL commands in each database (ideally including
2680 <literal>template1</literal>) as a superuser in
2681 <application>psql</application>, after installing the new release:
2683 DROP SCHEMA information_schema CASCADE;
2684 \i /usr/local/pgsql/share/information_schema.sql
2686 Substitute your installation path in the second command.
2692 <title>Changes</title>
2695 <listitem><para>Fixed bug in <command>CREATE SCHEMA</command> parsing in ECPG (Michael)</para></listitem>
2696 <listitem><para>Fix compile error when <option>--enable-thread-safety</option> and <option>--with-perl</option> are used together (Peter)</para></listitem>
2697 <listitem><para>Fix for subqueries that used hash joins (Tom)</para>
2699 Certain subqueries that used hash joins would crash because of
2700 improperly shared structures.
2702 <listitem><para>Fix free space map compaction bug (Tom)</para>
2704 This fixes a bug where compaction of the free space map could lead
2705 to a database server shutdown.
2708 <listitem><para>Fix for Borland compiler build of libpq (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2709 <listitem><para>Fix <function>netmask()</function> and <function>hostmask()</function> to return the maximum-length masklen (Tom)</para>
2711 Fix these functions to return values consistent with pre-7.4
2715 <listitem><para>Several <filename>contrib/pg_autovacuum</filename> fixes</para>
2717 Fixes include improper variable initialization, missing vacuum after
2718 <command>TRUNCATE</command>, and duration computation overflow for long vacuums.
2721 <listitem><para>Allow compile of <filename>contrib/cube</filename> under Cygwin (Jason Tishler)</para></listitem>
2722 <listitem><para>Fix Solaris use of password file when no passwords are defined (Tom)</para>
2724 Fix crash on Solaris caused by use of any type of password
2725 authentication when no passwords were defined.
2728 <listitem><para>JDBC fix for thread problems, other fixes</para></listitem>
2729 <listitem><para>Fix for <type>bytea</type> index lookups (Joe)</para></listitem>
2730 <listitem><para>Fix information schema for bit data types (Peter)</para></listitem>
2731 <listitem><para>Force zero_damaged_pages to be on during recovery from WAL</para></listitem>
2732 <listitem><para>Prevent some obscure cases of <quote>variable not in subplan target lists</quote></para></listitem>
2733 <listitem><para>Make <function>PQescapeBytea</function> and <function>byteaout</function> consistent with each other (Joe)</para></listitem>
2734 <listitem><para>Escape <type>bytea</type> output for bytes > 0x7e(Joe)</para>
2736 If different client encodings are used for <type>bytea</type> output and input, it
2737 is possible for <type>bytea</type> values to be corrupted by the differing
2738 encodings. This fix escapes all bytes that might be affected.
2741 <listitem><para>Added missing <function>SPI_finish()</function> calls to dblink's <function>get_tuple_of_interest()</function> (Joe)</para></listitem>
2742 <listitem><para>New Czech FAQ</para></listitem>
2743 <listitem><para>Fix information schema view <literal>constraint_column_usage</literal> for foreign keys (Peter)</para></listitem>
2744 <listitem><para>ECPG fixes (Michael)</para></listitem>
2745 <listitem><para>Fix bug with multiple <literal>IN</literal> subqueries and joins in the subqueries (Tom)</para></listitem>
2746 <listitem><para>Alllow <literal>COUNT('x')</literal> to work (Tom)</para></listitem>
2747 <listitem><para>Install ECPG include files for Informix compatibility into separate directory (Peter)</para>
2749 Some names of ECPG include files for Informix compatibility conflicted with operating system include files.
2750 By installing them in their own directory, name conflicts have been reduced.
2753 <listitem><para>Fix SSL memory leak (Neil)</para>
2755 This release fixes a bug in 7.4 where SSL didn't free all memory it allocated.
2758 <listitem><para>Prevent <filename>pg_service.conf</filename> from using service name as default dbname (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2759 <listitem><para>Fix local ident authentication on FreeBSD (Tom)</para></listitem>
2765 <sect1 id="release-7-4">
2766 <title>Release 7.4</title>
2769 <title>Release date</title>
2770 <simpara>2003-11-17</simpara>
2774 <title>Overview</title>
2777 Major changes in this release:
2782 <literal>IN</literal> / <literal>NOT IN</literal> subqueries are
2783 now much more efficient
2788 In previous releases, <literal>IN</literal>/<literal>NOT
2789 IN</literal> subqueries were joined to the upper query by
2790 sequentially scanning the subquery looking for a match. The
2791 7.4 code uses the same sophisticated techniques used by
2792 ordinary joins and so is much faster. An
2793 <literal>IN</literal> will now usually be as fast as or faster
2794 than an equivalent <literal>EXISTS</literal> subquery; this
2795 reverses the conventional wisdom that applied to previous
2803 Improved <literal>GROUP BY</literal> processing by using hash buckets
2808 In previous releases, rows to be grouped had to be sorted
2809 first. The 7.4 code can do <literal>GROUP BY</literal>
2810 without sorting, by accumulating results into a hash table
2811 with one entry per group. It will still use the sort
2812 technique, however, if the hash table is estimated to be too
2813 large to fit in <varname>sort_mem</>.
2820 New multikey hash join capability
2825 In previous releases, hash joins could only occur on single
2826 keys. This release allows multicolumn hash joins.
2833 Queries using the explicit <literal>JOIN</literal> syntax are
2834 now better optimized
2839 Prior releases evaluated queries using the explicit
2840 <literal>JOIN</literal> syntax only in the order implied by
2841 the syntax. 7.4 allows full optimization of these queries,
2842 meaning the optimizer considers all possible join orderings
2843 and chooses the most efficient. Outer joins, however, must
2844 still follow the declared ordering.
2851 Faster and more powerful regular expression code
2856 The entire regular expression module has been replaced with a
2857 new version by Henry Spencer, originally written for Tcl. The
2858 code greatly improves performance and supports several flavors
2859 of regular expressions.
2866 Function-inlining for simple SQL functions
2871 Simple SQL functions can now be inlined by including their SQL
2872 in the main query. This improves performance by eliminating
2873 per-call overhead. That means simple SQL functions now
2881 Full support for IPv6 connections and IPv6 address data types
2886 Previous releases allowed only IPv4 connections, and the IP
2887 data types only supported IPv4 addresses. This release adds
2888 full IPv6 support in both of these areas.
2895 Major improvements in SSL performance and reliability
2900 Several people very familiar with the SSL API have overhauled
2901 our SSL code to improve SSL key negotiation and error
2909 Make free space map efficiently reuse empty index pages,
2910 and other free space management improvements
2915 In previous releases, B-tree index pages that were left empty
2916 because of deleted rows could only be reused by rows with
2917 index values similar to the rows originally indexed on that
2918 page. In 7.4, <command>VACUUM</command> records empty index
2919 pages and allows them to be reused for any future index rows.
2926 SQL-standard information schema
2931 The information schema provides a standardized and stable way
2932 to access information about the schema objects defined in a
2940 Cursors conform more closely to the SQL standard
2945 The commands <command>FETCH</command> and
2946 <command>MOVE</command> have been overhauled to conform more
2947 closely to the SQL standard.
2954 Cursors can exist outside transactions
2959 These cursors are also called holdable cursors.
2966 New client-to-server protocol
2971 The new protocol adds error codes, more status information,
2972 faster startup, better support for binary data transmission,
2973 parameter values separated from SQL commands, prepared
2974 statements available at the protocol level, and cleaner
2975 recovery from <command>COPY</command> failures. The older
2976 protocol is still supported by both server and clients.
2983 <application>libpq</application> and
2984 <application>ECPG</application> applications are now fully
2990 While previous <application>libpq</application> releases
2991 already supported threads, this release improves thread safety
2992 by fixing some non-thread-safe code that was used during
2993 database connection startup. The <command>configure</command>
2994 option <option>--enable-thread-safety</option> must be used to
2995 enable this feature.
3002 New version of full-text indexing
3007 A new full-text indexing suite is available in
3008 <filename>contrib/tsearch2</filename>.
3020 The new autovacuum tool in
3021 <filename>contrib/autovacuum</filename> monitors the database
3022 statistics tables for
3023 <command>INSERT</command>/<command>UPDATE</command>/<command>DELETE</command>
3024 activity and automatically vacuums tables when needed.
3031 Array handling has been improved and moved into the server core
3036 Many array limitations have been removed, and arrays behave
3037 more like fully-supported data types.
3046 <title>Migration to version 7.4</title>
3049 A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application> is
3050 required for those wishing to migrate data from any previous
3055 Observe the following incompatibilities:
3060 The server-side autocommit setting was removed and
3061 reimplemented in client applications and languages.
3062 Server-side autocommit was causing too many problems with
3063 languages and applications that wanted to control their own
3064 autocommit behavior, so autocommit was removed from the server
3065 and added to individual client APIs as appropriate.
3071 Error message wording has changed substantially in this
3072 release. Significant effort was invested to make the messages
3073 more consistent and user-oriented. If your applications try to
3074 detect different error conditions by parsing the error message,
3075 you are strongly encouraged to use the new error code facility instead.
3081 Inner joins using the explicit <literal>JOIN</literal> syntax
3082 may behave differently because they are now better
3089 A number of server configuration parameters have been renamed
3090 for clarity, primarily those related to
3097 <literal>FETCH 0</literal> or <literal>MOVE 0</literal> now
3098 does nothing. In prior releases, <literal>FETCH 0</literal>
3099 would fetch all remaining rows, and <literal>MOVE 0</literal>
3100 would move to the end of the cursor.
3106 <command>FETCH</command> and <command>MOVE</command> now return
3107 the actual number of rows fetched/moved, or zero if at the
3108 beginning/end of the cursor. Prior releases would return the
3109 row count passed to the command, not the number of rows
3110 actually fetched or moved.
3116 <command>COPY</command> now can process files that use
3117 carriage-return or carriage-return/line-feed end-of-line
3118 sequences. Literal carriage-returns and line-feeds are no
3119 longer accepted in data values; use <literal>\r</literal> and
3120 <literal>\n</literal> instead.
3126 Trailing spaces are now trimmed when converting from type
3127 <type>char(<replaceable>n</>)</type> to
3128 <type>varchar(<replaceable>n</>)</type> or <type>text</type>.
3129 This is what most people always expected to happen anyway.
3135 The data type <type>float(<replaceable>p</>)</type> now
3136 measures <replaceable>p</> in binary digits, not decimal
3137 digits. The new behavior follows the SQL standard.
3143 Ambiguous date values now must match the ordering specified by
3144 the <varname>datestyle</varname> setting. In prior releases, a
3145 date specification of <literal>10/20/03</> was interpreted as a
3146 date in October even if <varname>datestyle</> specified that
3147 the day should be first. 7.4 will throw an error if a date
3148 specification is invalid for the current setting of
3149 <varname>datestyle</>.
3155 The functions <function>oidrand</function>,
3156 <function>oidsrand</function>, and
3157 <function>userfntest</function> have been removed. These
3158 functions were determined to be no longer useful.
3164 String literals specifying time-varying date/time values, such
3165 as <literal>'now'</literal> or <literal>'today'</literal> will
3166 no longer work as expected in column default expressions; they
3167 now cause the time of the table creation to be the default, not
3168 the time of the insertion. Functions such as
3169 <function>now()</>, <function>current_timestamp</>, or
3170 <function>current_date</function> should be used instead.
3174 In previous releases, there was special code so that strings
3175 such as <literal>'now'</literal> were interpreted at
3176 <command>INSERT</> time and not at table creation time, but
3177 this work around didn't cover all cases. Release 7.4 now
3178 requires that defaults be defined properly using functions such
3179 as <function>now()</> or <function>current_timestamp</>. These
3180 will work in all situations.
3186 The dollar sign (<literal>$</>) is no longer allowed in
3187 operator names. It can instead be a non-first character in
3188 identifiers. This was done to improve compatibility with other
3189 database systems, and to avoid syntax problems when parameter
3190 placeholders (<literal>$<replaceable>n</></>) are written
3191 adjacent to operators.
3199 <title>Changes</title>
3202 Below you will find a detailed account of the changes between
3203 release 7.4 and the previous major release.
3207 <title>Server Operation Changes</title>
3212 Allow IPv6 server connections (Nigel Kukard, Johan Jordaan,
3213 Bruce, Tom, Kurt Roeckx, Andrew Dunstan)
3219 Fix SSL to handle errors cleanly (Nathan Mueller)
3222 In prior releases, certain SSL API error reports were not
3223 handled correctly. This release fixes those problems.
3229 SSL protocol security and performance improvements (Sean Chittenden)
3232 SSL key renegotiation was happening too frequently, causing poor
3233 SSL performance. Also, initial key handling was improved.
3239 Print lock information when a deadlock is detected (Tom)
3242 This allows easier debugging of deadlock situations.
3248 Update <filename>/tmp</filename> socket modification times
3249 regularly to avoid their removal (Tom)
3252 This should help prevent <filename>/tmp</filename> directory
3253 cleaner administration scripts from removing server socket
3258 <listitem><para>Enable PAM for Mac OS X (Aaron Hillegass)</para></listitem>
3261 <para>Make B-tree indexes fully WAL-safe (Tom)</para>
3263 In prior releases, under certain rare cases, a server crash
3264 could cause B-tree indexes to become corrupt. This release
3265 removes those last few rare cases.
3269 <listitem><para>Allow B-tree index compaction and empty page reuse (Tom)</para></listitem>
3273 Fix inconsistent index lookups during split of first root page (Tom)
3276 In prior releases, when a single-page index split into two
3277 pages, there was a brief period when another database session
3278 could miss seeing an index entry. This release fixes that rare
3283 <listitem><para>Improve free space map allocation logic (Tom)</para></listitem>
3286 <para>Preserve free space information between server restarts (Tom)</para>
3288 In prior releases, the free space map was not saved when the
3289 postmaster was stopped, so newly started servers had no free
3290 space information. This release saves the free space map, and
3291 reloads it when the server is restarted.
3295 <listitem><para>Add start time to <literal>pg_stat_activity</literal> (Neil)</para></listitem>
3296 <listitem><para>New code to detect corrupt disk pages; erase with <varname>zero_damaged_pages</varname> (Tom)</para></listitem>
3297 <listitem><para>New client/server protocol: faster, no username length limit, allow clean exit from <command>COPY</command> (Tom)</para></listitem>
3298 <listitem><para>Add transaction status, table ID, column ID to client/server protocol (Tom)</para></listitem>
3299 <listitem><para>Add binary I/O to client/server protocol (Tom)</para></listitem>
3300 <listitem><para>Remove autocommit server setting; move to client applications (Tom)</para></listitem>
3301 <listitem><para>New error message wording, error codes, and three levels of error detail (Tom, Joe, Peter)</para></listitem>
3306 <title>Performance Improvements</title>
3309 <listitem><para>Add hashing for <literal>GROUP BY</literal> aggregates (Tom)</para></listitem>
3310 <listitem><para>Make nested-loop joins be smarter about multicolumn indexes (Tom)</para></listitem>
3311 <listitem><para>Allow multikey hash joins (Tom)</para></listitem>
3312 <listitem><para>Improve constant folding (Tom)</para></listitem>
3313 <listitem><para>Add ability to inline simple SQL functions (Tom)</para></listitem>
3316 <para>Reduce memory usage for queries using complex functions (Tom)</para>
3318 In prior releases, functions returning allocated memory would
3319 not free it until the query completed. This release allows the
3320 freeing of function-allocated memory when the function call
3321 completes, reducing the total memory used by functions.
3326 <para>Improve GEQO optimizer performance (Tom)</para>
3328 This release fixes several inefficiencies in the way the GEQO optimizer
3329 manages potential query paths.
3335 Allow <literal>IN</>/<literal>NOT IN</> to be handled via hash
3342 Improve <literal>NOT IN (<replaceable>subquery</>)</literal>
3349 Allow most <literal>IN</literal> subqueries to be processed as
3356 Pattern matching operations can use indexes regardless of
3360 There is no way for non-ASCII locales to use the standard
3361 indexes for <literal>LIKE</literal> comparisons. This release
3362 adds a way to create a special index for
3363 <literal>LIKE</literal>.
3368 <para>Allow the postmaster to preload libraries using <varname>preload_libraries</varname> (Joe)</para>
3370 For shared libraries that require a long time to load, this
3371 option is available so the library can be preloaded in the
3372 postmaster and inherited by all database sessions.
3378 Improve optimizer cost computations, particularly for subqueries (Tom)
3384 Avoid sort when subquery <literal>ORDER BY</literal> matches upper query (Tom)
3390 Deduce that <literal>WHERE a.x = b.y AND b.y = 42</literal> also
3391 means <literal>a.x = 42</literal> (Tom)
3397 Allow hash/merge joins on complex joins (Tom)
3403 Allow hash joins for more data types (Tom)
3409 Allow join optimization of explicit inner joins, disable with
3410 <varname>join_collapse_limit</varname> (Tom)
3416 Add parameter <varname>from_collapse_limit</varname> to control
3417 conversion of subqueries to joins (Tom)
3423 Use faster and more powerful regular expression code from Tcl
3424 (Henry Spencer, Tom)
3430 Use bit-mapped relation sets in the optimizer (Tom)
3435 <para>Improve connection startup time (Tom)</para>
3437 The new client/server protocol requires fewer network packets to
3438 start a database session.
3444 Improve trigger/constraint performance (Stephan)
3450 Improve speed of <literal>col IN (const, const, const, ...)</literal> (Tom)
3456 Fix hash indexes which were broken in rare cases (Tom)
3460 <listitem><para>Improve hash index concurrency and speed (Tom)</para>
3462 Prior releases suffered from poor hash index performance,
3463 particularly for high concurrency situations. This release fixes
3464 that, and the development group is interested in reports
3465 comparing B-tree and hash index performance.
3470 <para>Align shared buffers on 32-byte boundary for copy speed improvement (Manfred Spraul)</para>
3472 Certain CPU's perform faster data copies when addresses are
3478 <para>Data type <type>numeric</type> reimplemented for better performance (Tom)</para>
3480 <type>numeric</type> used to be stored in base 100. The new code
3481 uses base 10000, for significantly better performance.
3488 <title>Server Configuration Changes</title>
3492 <para>Rename server parameter <varname>server_min_messages</> to <varname>log_min_messages</> (Bruce)</para>
3494 This was done so most parameters that control the server logs
3495 begin with <literal>log_</>.
3499 <listitem><para>Rename <varname>show_*_stats</> to <varname>log_*_stats</> (Bruce)</para></listitem>
3500 <listitem><para>Rename <varname>show_source_port</> to <varname>log_source_port</> (Bruce)</para></listitem>
3501 <listitem><para>Rename <varname>hostname_lookup</> to <varname>log_hostname</> (Bruce)</para></listitem>
3504 <para>Add <varname>checkpoint_warning</> to warn of excessive checkpointing (Bruce)</para>
3506 In prior releases, it was difficult to determine if checkpoint
3507 was happening too frequently. This feature adds a warning to the
3508 server logs when excessive checkpointing happens.
3512 <listitem><para>New read-only server parameters for localization (Tom)</para></listitem>
3516 Change debug server log messages to output as <literal>DEBUG</>
3517 rather than <literal>LOG</> (Bruce)
3522 <para>Prevent server log variables from being turned off by non-superusers (Bruce)</para>
3524 This is a security feature so non-superusers cannot disable
3525 logging that was enabled by the administrator.
3531 <varname>log_min_messages</>/<varname>client_min_messages</> now
3532 controls <varname>debug_*</> output (Bruce)
3535 This centralizes client debug information so all debug output
3536 can be sent to either the client or server logs.
3541 <para>Add Mac OS X Rendezvous server support (Chris Campbell)</para>
3543 This allows Mac OS X hosts to query the network for available
3544 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> servers.
3550 Add ability to print only slow statements using
3551 <varname>log_min_duration_statement</varname>
3555 This is an often requested debugging feature that allows
3556 administrators to see only slow queries in their server logs.
3561 <para>Allow <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename> to accept netmasks in CIDR format (Andrew Dunstan)</para>
3563 This allows administrators to merge the host IP address and
3564 netmask fields into a single CIDR field in <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename>.
3568 <listitem><para>New read-only parameter <varname>is_superuser</varname> (Tom)</para></listitem>
3571 <para>New parameter <varname>log_error_verbosity</varname> to control error detail (Tom)</para>
3573 This works with the new error reporting feature to supply
3574 additional error information like hints, file names and line
3580 <para><literal>postgres --describe-config</literal> now dumps server config variables (Aizaz Ahmed, Peter)</para>
3582 This option is useful for administration tools that need to know
3583 the configuration variable names and their minimums, maximums,
3584 defaults, and descriptions.
3590 Add new columns in <literal>pg_settings</literal>:
3591 <literal>context</>, <literal>type</>, <literal>source</>,
3592 <literal>min_val</>, <literal>max_val</> (Joe)
3598 Make default <varname>shared_buffers</> 1000 and
3599 <varname>max_connections</> 100, if possible (Tom)
3602 Prior versions defaulted to 64 shared buffers so <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
3603 would start on even very old systems. This release tests the
3604 amount of shared memory allowed by the platform and selects more
3605 reasonable default values if possible. Of course, users are
3606 still encouraged to evaluate their resource load and size
3607 <varname>shared_buffers</varname> accordingly.
3613 New <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename> record type
3614 <literal>hostnossl</> to prevent SSL connections (Jon
3618 In prior releases, there was no way to prevent SSL connections
3619 if both the client and server supported SSL. This option allows
3626 Remove parameter <varname>geqo_random_seed</varname>
3633 Add server parameter <varname>regex_flavor</varname> to control regular expression processing (Tom)
3639 Make <command>pg_ctl</command> better handle nonstandard ports (Greg)
3646 <title>Query Changes</title>
3649 <listitem><para>New SQL-standard information schema (Peter)</para></listitem>
3650 <listitem><para>Add read-only transactions (Peter)</para></listitem>
3651 <listitem><para>Print key name and value in foreign-key violation messages (Dmitry Tkach)</para></listitem>
3654 <para>Allow users to see their own queries in <literal>pg_stat_activity</literal> (Kevin Brown)</para>
3656 In prior releases, only the superuser could see query strings
3657 using <literal>pg_stat_activity</literal>. Now ordinary users
3658 can see their own query strings.
3663 <para>Fix aggregates in subqueries to match SQL standard (Tom)</para>
3665 The SQL standard says that an aggregate function appearing
3666 within a nested subquery belongs to the outer query if its
3667 argument contains only outer-query variables. Prior
3668 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> releases did not handle
3669 this fine point correctly.
3674 <para>Add option to prevent auto-addition of tables referenced in query (Nigel J. Andrews)</para>
3676 By default, tables mentioned in the query are automatically
3677 added to the <literal>FROM</> clause if they are not already
3678 there. This is compatible with historic
3679 <productname>POSTGRES</productname> behavior but is contrary to
3680 the SQL standard. This option allows selecting
3681 standard-compatible behavior.
3686 <para>Allow <literal>UPDATE ... SET col = DEFAULT</literal> (Rod)</para>
3688 This allows <command>UPDATE</command> to set a column to its
3689 declared default value.
3694 <para>Allow expressions to be used in <literal>LIMIT</>/<literal>OFFSET</> (Tom)</para>
3696 In prior releases, <literal>LIMIT</>/<literal>OFFSET</> could
3697 only use constants, not expressions.
3702 <para>Implement <literal>CREATE TABLE AS EXECUTE</literal> (Neil, Peter)</para>
3708 <title>Object Manipulation Changes</title>
3712 <para>Make <command>CREATE SEQUENCE</command> grammar more conforming to SQL:2003 (Neil)</para>
3716 <para>Add statement-level triggers (Neil)</para>
3718 While this allows a trigger to fire at the end of a statement,
3719 it does not allow the trigger to access all rows modified by the
3720 statement. This capability is planned for a future release.
3725 <para>Add check constraints for domains (Rod)</para>
3727 This greatly increases the usefulness of domains by allowing
3728 them to use check constraints.
3733 <para>Add <command>ALTER DOMAIN</command> (Rod)</para>
3735 This allows manipulation of existing domains.
3740 <para>Fix several zero-column table bugs (Tom)</para>
3742 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> supports zero-column tables. This fixes various bugs
3743 that occur when using such tables.
3748 <para>Have <literal>ALTER TABLE ... ADD PRIMARY KEY</literal> add not-null constraint (Rod)</para>
3750 In prior releases, <literal>ALTER TABLE ... ADD
3751 PRIMARY</literal> would add a unique index, but not a not-null
3752 constraint. That is fixed in this release.
3756 <listitem><para>Add <literal>ALTER TABLE ... WITHOUT OIDS</literal> (Rod)</para>
3758 This allows control over whether new and updated rows will have
3759 an OID column. This is most useful for saving storage space.
3765 Add <literal>ALTER SEQUENCE</literal> to modify minimum, maximum,
3766 increment, cache, cycle values (Rod)
3771 <para>Add <literal>ALTER TABLE ... CLUSTER ON</literal> (Alvaro Herrera)</para>
3773 This command is used by <command>pg_dump</command> to record the
3774 cluster column for each table previously clustered. This
3775 information is used by database-wide cluster to cluster all
3776 previously clustered tables.
3780 <listitem><para>Improve automatic type casting for domains (Rod, Tom)</para></listitem>
3781 <listitem><para>Allow dollar signs in identifiers, except as first character (Tom)</para></listitem>
3782 <listitem><para>Disallow dollar signs in operator names, so <literal>x=$1</> works (Tom)</para></listitem>
3786 Allow copying table schema using <literal>LIKE
3787 <replaceable>subtable</replaceable></literal>, also SQL:2003
3788 feature <literal>INCLUDING DEFAULTS</literal> (Rod)
3794 Add <literal>WITH GRANT OPTION</literal> clause to
3795 <command>GRANT</command> (Peter)
3798 This enabled <command>GRANT</command> to give other users the
3799 ability to grant privileges on a object.
3806 <title>Utility Command Changes</title>
3810 <para>Add <literal>ON COMMIT</literal> clause to <command>CREATE TABLE</command> for temporary tables (Gavin)</para>
3812 This adds the ability for a table to be dropped or all rows
3813 deleted on transaction commit.
3818 <para>Allow cursors outside transactions using <literal>WITH HOLD</literal> (Neil)</para>
3820 In previous releases, cursors were removed at the end of the
3821 transaction that created them. Cursors can now be created with
3822 the <literal>WITH HOLD</literal> option, which allows them to
3823 continue to be accessed after the creating transaction has
3829 <para><literal>FETCH 0</literal> and <literal>MOVE 0 </literal> now do nothing (Bruce)</para>
3831 In previous releases, <literal>FETCH 0</literal> fetched all
3832 remaining rows, and <literal>MOVE 0</literal> moved to the end
3839 Cause <command>FETCH</command> and <command>MOVE</command> to
3840 return the number of rows fetched/moved, or zero if at the
3841 beginning/end of cursor, per SQL standard (Bruce)
3844 In prior releases, the row count returned by
3845 <command>FETCH</command> and <command>MOVE</command> did not
3846 accurately reflect the number of rows processed.
3851 <para>Properly handle <literal>SCROLL</literal> with cursors, or
3852 report an error (Neil)</para>
3854 Allowing random access (both forward and backward scrolling) to
3855 some kinds of queries cannot be done without some additional
3856 work. If <literal>SCROLL</literal> is specified when the cursor
3857 is created, this additional work will be performed. Furthermore,
3858 if the cursor has been created with <literal>NO SCROLL</literal>,
3859 no random access is allowed.
3865 Implement SQL-compatible options <literal>FIRST</>,
3866 <literal>LAST</>, <literal>ABSOLUTE <replaceable>n</></>,
3867 <literal>RELATIVE <replaceable>n</></> for
3868 <command>FETCH</command> and <command>MOVE</command> (Tom)
3873 <para>Allow <command>EXPLAIN</command> on <command>DECLARE CURSOR</command> (Tom)</para>
3877 <para>Allow <command>CLUSTER</command> to use index marked as pre-clustered by default (Alvaro Herrera)</para>
3881 <para>Allow <command>CLUSTER</command> to cluster all tables (Alvaro Herrera)</para>
3883 This allows all previously clustered tables in a database to be
3884 reclustered with a single command.
3888 <listitem><para>Prevent <command>CLUSTER</command> on partial indexes (Tom)</para></listitem>
3890 <listitem><para>Allow DOS and Mac line-endings in <command>COPY</> files (Bruce)</para></listitem>
3894 Disallow literal carriage return as a data value,
3895 backslash-carriage-return and <literal>\r</> are still allowed
3901 <para><command>COPY</> changes (binary, <literal>\.</>) (Tom)</para>
3905 <para>Recover from <command>COPY</command> failure cleanly (Tom)</para>
3909 <para>Prevent possible memory leaks in <command>COPY</command> (Tom)</para>
3913 <para>Make <command>TRUNCATE</command> transaction-safe (Rod)</para>
3915 <command>TRUNCATE</command> can now be used inside a
3916 transaction. If the transaction aborts, the changes made by the
3917 <command>TRUNCATE</command> are automatically rolled back.
3923 Allow prepare/bind of utility commands like
3924 <command>FETCH</command> and <command>EXPLAIN</command> (Tom)
3929 <para>Add <command>EXPLAIN EXECUTE</command> (Neil)</para>
3933 <para>Improve <command>VACUUM</command> performance on indexes by reducing WAL traffic (Tom)</para>
3937 <para>Functional indexes have been generalized into indexes on expressions (Tom)</para>
3939 In prior releases, functional indexes only supported a simple
3940 function applied to one or more column names. This release
3941 allows any type of scalar expression.
3947 Have <command>SHOW TRANSACTION ISOLATION</command> match input
3948 to <command>SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION</command>
3955 Have <command>COMMENT ON DATABASE</command> on nonlocal
3956 database generate a warning, rather than an error (Rod)
3960 Database comments are stored in database-local tables so
3961 comments on a database have to be stored in each database.
3967 Improve reliability of <command>LISTEN</>/<command>NOTIFY</> (Tom)
3972 <para>Allow <command>REINDEX</command> to reliably reindex nonshared system catalog indexes (Tom)</para>
3974 This allows system tables to be reindexed without the
3975 requirement of a standalone session, which was necessary in
3976 previous releases. The only tables that now require a standalone
3977 session for reindexing are the global system tables
3978 <literal>pg_database</>, <literal>pg_shadow</>, and
3979 <literal>pg_group</>.
3986 <title>Data Type and Function Changes</title>
3991 New server parameter <varname>extra_float_digits</varname> to
3992 control precision display of floating-point numbers (Pedro
3996 This controls output precision which was causing regression
4001 <listitem><para>Allow <literal>+1300</literal> as a numeric time-zone specifier, for FJST (Tom)</para></listitem>
4005 Remove rarely used functions <function>oidrand</>,
4006 <function>oidsrand</>, and <function>userfntest</> functions
4012 <para>Add <function>md5()</> function to main server, already in <filename>contrib/pgcrypto</filename> (Joe)</para>
4014 An MD5 function was frequently requested. For more complex
4015 encryption capabilities, use
4016 <filename>contrib/pgcrypto</filename>.
4020 <listitem><para>Increase date range of <type>timestamp</type> (John Cochran)</para></listitem>
4024 Change <literal>EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM timestamp)</literal> so
4025 <type>timestamp without time zone</type> is assumed to be in
4026 local time, not GMT (Tom)
4030 <listitem><para>Trap division by zero in case the operating system doesn't prevent it (Tom)</para></listitem>
4031 <listitem><para>Change the <type>numeric</type> data type internally to base 10000 (Tom)</para></listitem>
4032 <listitem><para>New <function>hostmask()</function> function (Greg Wickham)</para></listitem>
4033 <listitem><para>Fixes for <function>to_char()</function> and <function>to_timestamp()</function> (Karel)</para></listitem>
4037 Allow functions that can take any argument data type and return
4038 any data type, using <type>anyelement</type> and
4039 <type>anyarray</type> (Joe)
4042 This allows the creation of functions that can work with any
4049 Arrays may now be specified as <literal>ARRAY[1,2,3]</literal>,
4050 <literal>ARRAY[['a','b'],['c','d']]</literal>, or
4051 <literal>ARRAY[ARRAY[ARRAY[2]]]</literal> (Joe)
4057 Allow proper comparisons for arrays, including <literal>ORDER
4058 BY</literal> and <literal>DISTINCT</literal> support
4063 <listitem><para>Allow indexes on array columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
4064 <listitem><para>Allow array concatenation with <literal>||</literal> (Joe)</para></listitem>
4068 Allow <literal>WHERE</literal> qualification
4069 <literal><replaceable>expr</> <replaceable>op</> ANY/SOME/ALL
4070 (<replaceable>array_expr</>)</literal> (Joe)
4073 This allows arrays to behave like a list of values, for purposes
4074 like <literal>SELECT * FROM tab WHERE col IN
4075 (array_val)</literal>.
4081 New array functions <function>array_append</>,
4082 <function>array_cat</>, <function>array_lower</>,
4083 <function>array_prepend</>, <function>array_to_string</>,
4084 <function>array_upper</>, <function>string_to_array</> (Joe)
4088 <listitem><para>Allow user defined aggregates to use polymorphic functions (Joe)</para></listitem>
4089 <listitem><para>Allow assignments to empty arrays (Joe)</para></listitem>
4093 Allow 60 in seconds fields of <type>time</type>,
4094 <type>timestamp</type>, and <type>interval</type> input values
4098 Sixty-second values are needed for leap seconds.
4102 <listitem><para>Allow <type>cidr</type> data type to be cast to <type>text</type> (Tom)</para></listitem>
4104 <listitem><para>Disallow invalid time zone names in SET TIMEZONE</para></listitem>
4108 Trim trailing spaces when <type>char</type> is cast to
4109 <type>varchar</> or <type>text</> (Tom)
4115 Make <type>float(<replaceable>p</>)</> measure the precision
4116 <replaceable>p</> in binary digits, not decimal digits
4122 <para>Add IPv6 support to the <type>inet</type> and <type>cidr</type> data types (Michael Graff)</para>
4126 <para>Add <function>family()</function> function to report whether address is IPv4 or IPv6 (Michael Graff)</para>
4131 Have <literal>SHOW datestyle</literal> generate output similar
4132 to that used by <literal>SET datestyle</literal> (Tom)
4138 Make <literal>EXTRACT(TIMEZONE)</literal> and <literal>SET/SHOW
4139 TIME ZONE</literal> follow the SQL convention for the sign of
4140 time zone offsets, i.e., positive is east from UTC (Tom)
4145 <para>Fix <literal>date_trunc('quarter', ...)</literal> (Böjthe Zoltán)</para>
4147 Prior releases returned an incorrect value for this function call.
4152 <para>Make <function>initcap()</function> more compatible with Oracle (Mike Nolan)</para>
4154 <function>initcap()</function> now uppercases a letter appearing
4155 after any non-alphanumeric character, rather than only after
4161 <para>Allow only <varname>datestyle</varname> field order for date values not in ISO-8601 format (Greg)</para>
4166 Add new <varname>datestyle</varname> values <literal>MDY</>,
4167 <literal>DMY</>, and <literal>YMD</> to set input field order;
4168 honor <literal>US</> and <literal>European</> for backward
4175 String literals like <literal>'now'</literal> or
4176 <literal>'today'</literal> will no longer work as a column
4177 default. Use functions such as <function>now()</function>,
4178 <function>current_timestamp</function> instead. (change
4179 required for prepared statements) (Tom)
4184 <para>Treat NaN as larger than any other value in <function>min()</>/<function>max()</> (Tom)</para>
4186 NaN was already sorted after ordinary numeric values for most
4187 purposes, but <function>min()</> and <function>max()</> didn't
4193 <para>Prevent interval from suppressing <literal>:00</literal>
4194 seconds display</para>
4199 New functions <function>pg_get_triggerdef(prettyprint)</function>
4200 and <function>pg_conversion_is_visible()</function> (Christopher)
4205 <para>Allow time to be specified as <literal>040506</> or <literal>0405</> (Tom)</para>
4210 Input date order must now be <literal>YYYY-MM-DD</literal> (with 4-digit year) or
4211 match <varname>datestyle</varname>
4217 Make <function>pg_get_constraintdef</function> support
4218 unique, primary-key, and check constraints (Christopher)
4225 <title>Server-Side Language Changes</title>
4230 Prevent PL/pgSQL crash when <literal>RETURN NEXT</literal> is
4231 used on a zero-row record variable (Tom)
4237 Make PL/Python's <function>spi_execute</function> interface
4238 handle null values properly (Andrew Bosma)
4243 <para>Allow PL/pgSQL to declare variables of composite types without <literal>%ROWTYPE</literal> (Tom)</para>
4247 <para>Fix PL/Python's <function>_quote()</function> function to handle big integers</para>
4251 <para>Make PL/Python an untrusted language, now called <literal>plpythonu</literal> (Kevin Jacobs, Tom)</para>
4253 The Python language no longer supports a restricted execution
4254 environment, so the trusted version of PL/Python was removed. If
4255 this situation changes, a version of PL/Python that can be used
4256 by non-superusers will be readded.
4261 <para>Allow polymorphic PL/pgSQL functions (Joe, Tom)</para>
4265 <para>Allow polymorphic SQL functions (Joe)</para>
4270 Improved compiled function caching mechanism in PL/pgSQL with
4271 full support for polymorphism (Joe)
4277 Add new parameter <literal>$0</> in PL/pgSQL representing the
4278 function's actual return type (Joe)
4284 Allow PL/Tcl and PL/Python to use the same trigger on multiple tables (Tom)
4290 Fixed PL/Tcl's <function>spi_prepare</function> to accept fully
4291 qualified type names in the parameter type list
4299 <title>psql Changes</title>
4303 <para>Add <literal>\pset pager always</literal> to always use pager (Greg)</para>
4305 This forces the pager to be used even if the number of rows is
4306 less than the screen height. This is valuable for rows that
4307 wrap across several screen rows.
4311 <listitem><para>Improve tab completion (Rod, Ross Reedstrom, Ian Barwick)</para></listitem>
4312 <listitem><para>Reorder <literal>\?</> help into groupings (Harald Armin Massa, Bruce)</para></listitem>
4313 <listitem><para>Add backslash commands for listing schemas, casts, and conversions (Christopher)</para></listitem>
4317 <command>\encoding</> now changes based on the server parameter
4318 <varname>client_encoding</varname> (Tom)
4321 In previous versions, <command>\encoding</command> was not aware
4322 of encoding changes made using <literal>SET
4323 client_encoding</literal>.
4328 <para>Save editor buffer into readline history (Ross)</para>
4330 When <command>\e</> is used to edit a query, the result is saved
4331 in the readline history for retrieval using the up arrow.
4335 <listitem><para>Improve <command>\d</command> display (Christopher)</para></listitem>
4336 <listitem><para>Enhance HTML mode to be more standards-conforming (Greg)</para></listitem>
4339 <para>New <command>\set AUTOCOMMIT off</command> capability (Tom)</para>
4341 This takes the place of the removed server parameter <varname>autocommit</varname>.
4346 <para>New <command>\set VERBOSITY</command> to control error detail (Tom)</para>
4348 This controls the new error reporting details.
4352 <listitem><para>New prompt escape sequence <literal>%x</literal> to show transaction status (Tom)</para></listitem>
4353 <listitem><para>Long options for <application>psql</application> are now available on all platforms</para></listitem>
4358 <title>pg_dump Changes</title>
4361 <listitem><para>Multiple pg_dump fixes, including tar format and large objects</para></listitem>
4362 <listitem><para>Allow pg_dump to dump specific schemas (Neil)</para></listitem>
4365 <para>Make pg_dump preserve column storage characteristics (Christopher)</para>
4367 This preserves <literal>ALTER TABLE ... SET STORAGE</literal> information.
4371 <listitem><para>Make pg_dump preserve <command>CLUSTER</command> characteristics (Christopher)</para></listitem>
4375 Have pg_dumpall use <command>GRANT</>/<command>REVOKE</> to dump database-level privleges (Tom)
4381 Allow pg_dumpall to support the options <option>-a</>,
4382 <option>-s</>, <option>-x</> of pg_dump (Tom)
4386 <listitem><para>Prevent pg_dump from lowercasing identifiers specified on the command line (Tom)</para></listitem>
4390 pg_dump options <option>--use-set-session-authorization</option>
4391 and <option>--no-reconnect</option> now do nothing, all dumps
4392 use <command>SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</command>
4395 pg_dump no longer reconnects to switch users, but instead always
4396 uses <command>SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</command>. This will
4397 reduce password prompting during restores.
4402 <para>Long options for <application>pg_dump</application> are now available on all platforms</para>
4404 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> now includes its own
4405 long-option processing routines.
4412 <title>libpq Changes</title>
4417 Add function <function>PQfreemem</function> for freeing memory on
4418 Windows, suggested for <command>NOTIFY</command> (Bruce)
4421 Windows requires that memory allocated in a library be freed by
4422 a function in the same library, hence
4423 <function>free()</function> doesn't work for freeing memory
4424 allocated by libpq. <function>PQfreemem</function> is the proper
4425 way to free libpq memory, especially on Windows, and is
4426 recommended for other platforms as well.
4431 <para>Document service capability, and add sample file (Bruce)</para>
4433 This allows clients to look up connection information in a
4434 central file on the client machine.
4440 Make <function>PQsetdbLogin</function> have the same defaults as
4441 <function>PQconnectdb</function> (Tom)
4445 <listitem><para>Allow libpq to cleanly fail when result sets are too large (Tom)</para></listitem>
4449 Improve performance of function <function>PQunescapeBytea</function> (Ben Lamb)
4455 Allow thread-safe libpq with <filename>configure</filename>
4456 option <option>--enable-thread-safety</option> (Lee Kindness,
4463 Allow function <function>pqInternalNotice</function> to accept a
4464 format string and arguments instead of just a preformatted
4465 message (Tom, Sean Chittenden)
4471 Control SSL negotiation with <literal>sslmode</literal> values
4472 <literal>disable</literal>, <literal>allow</literal>,
4473 <literal>prefer</literal>, and <literal>require</literal> (Jon
4479 <para>Allow new error codes and levels of text (Tom)</para>
4483 <para>Allow access to the underlying table and column of a query result (Tom)</para>
4485 This is helpful for query-builder applications that want to know
4486 the underlying table and column names associated with a specific
4491 <listitem><para>Allow access to the current transaction status (Tom)</para></listitem>
4492 <listitem><para>Add ability to pass binary data directly to the server (Tom)</para></listitem>
4496 Add function <function>PQexecPrepared</function> and
4497 <function>PQsendQueryPrepared</function> functions which perform
4498 bind/execute of previously prepared statements (Tom)
4505 <title>JDBC Changes</title>
4508 <listitem><para>Allow <function>setNull</function> on updateable result sets</para></listitem>
4509 <listitem><para>Allow <function>executeBatch</function> on a prepared statement (Barry)</para></listitem>
4510 <listitem><para>Support SSL connections (Barry)</para></listitem>
4511 <listitem><para>Handle schema names in result sets (Paul Sorenson)</para></listitem>
4512 <listitem><para>Add refcursor support (Nic Ferrier)</para></listitem>
4517 <title>Miscellaneous Interface Changes</title>
4521 <para>Prevent possible memory leak or core dump during libpgtcl shutdown (Tom)</para>
4524 <para>Add Informix compatibility to ECPG (Michael)</para>
4526 This allows ECPG to process embedded C programs that were
4527 written using certain Informix extensions.
4532 <para>Add type <type>decimal</type> to ECPG that is fixed length, for Informix (Michael)</para>
4537 Allow thread-safe embedded SQL programs with
4538 <filename>configure</filename> option
4539 <option>--enable-thread-safety</option> (Lee Kindness, Bruce)
4542 This allows multiple threads to access the database at the same
4548 <para>Moved Python client PyGreSQL to <ulink url="http://www.pygresql.org"></ulink> (Marc)</para>
4554 <title>Source Code Changes</title>
4557 <listitem><para>Prevent need for separate platform geometry regression result files (Tom)</para></listitem>
4558 <listitem><para>Improved PPC locking primitive (Reinhard Max)</para></listitem>
4559 <listitem><para>New function <function>palloc0</function> to allocate and clear memory (Bruce)</para></listitem>
4560 <listitem><para>Fix locking code for s390x CPU (64-bit) (Tom)</para></listitem>
4561 <listitem><para>Allow OpenBSD to use local ident credentials (William Ahern)</para></listitem>
4562 <listitem><para>Make query plan trees read-only to executor (Tom)</para></listitem>
4563 <listitem><para>Add Darwin startup scripts (David Wheeler)</para></listitem>
4564 <listitem><para>Allow libpq to compile with Borland C++ compiler (Lester Godwin, Karl Waclawek)</para></listitem>
4565 <listitem><para>Use our own version of <function>getopt_long()</function> if needed (Peter)</para></listitem>
4566 <listitem><para>Convert administration scripts to C (Peter)</para></listitem>
4567 <listitem><para> Bison >= 1.85 is now required to build the <productname>PostgreSQL</> grammar, if building from CVS</para></listitem>
4568 <listitem><para>Merge documentation into one book (Peter)</para></listitem>
4569 <listitem><para>Add Windows compatibility functions (Bruce)</para></listitem>
4570 <listitem><para>Allow client interfaces to compile under MinGW (Bruce)</para></listitem>
4571 <listitem><para>New <function>ereport()</function> function for error reporting (Tom)</para></listitem>
4572 <listitem><para>Support Intel compiler on Linux (Peter)</para></listitem>
4573 <listitem><para>Improve Linux startup scripts (Slawomir Sudnik, Darko Prenosil)</para></listitem>
4574 <listitem><para>Add support for AMD Opteron and Itanium (Jeffrey W. Baker, Bruce)</para></listitem>
4576 <para>Remove <option>--enable-recode</option> option from <command>configure</command></para>
4578 This was no longer needed now that we have <command>CREATE CONVERSION</command>.
4582 <para>Generate a compile error if spinlock code is not found (Bruce)</para>
4584 Platforms without spinlock code will now fail to compile, rather
4585 than silently using semaphores. This failure can be disabled
4586 with a new <command>configure</command> option.
4593 <title>Contrib Changes</title>
4596 <listitem><para>Change dbmirror license to BSD</para></listitem>
4597 <listitem><para>Improve earthdistance (Bruno Wolff III)</para></listitem>
4598 <listitem><para>Portability improvements to pgcrypto (Marko Kreen)</para></listitem>
4599 <listitem><para>Prevent crash in xml (John Gray, Michael Richards)</para></listitem>
4600 <listitem><para>Update oracle</para></listitem>
4601 <listitem><para>Update mysql</para></listitem>
4602 <listitem><para>Update cube (Bruno Wolff III)</para></listitem>
4603 <listitem><para>Update earthdistance to use cube (Bruno Wolff III)</para></listitem>
4604 <listitem><para>Update btree_gist (Oleg)</para></listitem>
4605 <listitem><para>New tsearch2 full-text search module (Oleg, Teodor)</para></listitem>
4606 <listitem><para>Add hash-based crosstab function to tablefuncs (Joe)</para></listitem>
4607 <listitem><para>Add serial column to order <function>connectby()</> siblings in tablefuncs (Nabil Sayegh,Joe)</para></listitem>
4608 <listitem><para>Add named persistent connections to dblink (Shridhar Daithanka)</para></listitem>
4609 <listitem><para>New pg_autovacuum allows automatic <command>VACUUM</command> (Matthew T. O'Connor)</para></listitem>
4610 <listitem><para>Make pgbench honor environment variables <envar>PGHOST</>, <envar>PGPORT</>, <envar>PGUSER</> (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
4611 <listitem><para>Improve intarray (Teodor Sigaev)</para></listitem>
4612 <listitem><para>Improve pgstattuple (Rod)</para></listitem>
4613 <listitem><para>Fix bug in <function>metaphone()</function> in fuzzystrmatch</para></listitem>
4614 <listitem><para>Improve adddepend (Rod)</para></listitem>
4615 <listitem><para>Update spi/timetravel (Böjthe Zoltán)</para></listitem>
4616 <listitem><para>Fix dbase <option>-s</> option and improve non-ASCII handling (Thomas Behr, Márcio Smiderle)</para></listitem>
4617 <listitem><para>Remove array module because features now included by default (Joe)</para></listitem>
4623 <sect1 id="release-7-3-8">
4624 <title>Release 7.3.8</title>
4627 <title>Release date</title>
4628 <simpara>2004-10-22</simpara>
4632 This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.7.
4637 <title>Migration to version 7.3.8</title>
4640 A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.
4645 <title>Changes</title>
4648 <listitem><para>Repair possible failure to update hint bits on disk</para>
4650 Under rare circumstances this oversight could lead to
4651 <quote>could not access transaction status</> failures, which qualifies
4652 it as a potential-data-loss bug.
4654 <listitem><para>Ensure that hashed outer join does not miss tuples</para>
4656 Very large left joins using a hash join plan could fail to output unmatched
4657 left-side rows given just the right data distribution.
4659 <listitem><para>Disallow running pg_ctl as root</para>
4661 This is to guard against any possible security issues.
4663 <listitem><para>Avoid using temp files in /tmp in make_oidjoins_check</para>
4665 This has been reported as a security issue, though it's hardly worthy of
4666 concern since there is no reason for non-developers to use this script anyway.
4673 <sect1 id="release-7-3-7">
4674 <title>Release 7.3.7</title>
4677 <title>Release date</title>
4678 <simpara>2004-08-16</simpara>
4682 This release contains one critical fix over 7.3.6, and some minor items.
4687 <title>Migration to version 7.3.7</title>
4690 A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.
4695 <title>Changes</title>
4698 <listitem><para>Prevent possible loss of committed transactions during crash</para>
4700 Due to insufficient interlocking between transaction commit and checkpointing,
4701 it was possible for transactions committed just before the most recent
4702 checkpoint to be lost, in whole or in part, following a database crash and
4703 restart. This is a serious bug that has existed
4704 since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
4706 <listitem><para>Remove asymmetrical word processing in tsearch (Teodor)</para></listitem>
4707 <listitem><para>Properly schema-qualify function names when pg_dump'ing a CAST</para></listitem>
4713 <sect1 id="release-7-3-6">
4714 <title>Release 7.3.6</title>
4717 <title>Release date</title>
4718 <simpara>2004-03-02</simpara>
4722 This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.5.
4727 <title>Migration to version 7.3.6</title>
4730 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
4737 <title>Changes</title>
4740 <listitem><para>Revert erroneous changes in rule permissions checking</para>
4741 <para>A patch applied in 7.3.3 to fix a corner case in rule permissions checks
4742 turns out to have disabled rule-related permissions checks in many
4743 not-so-corner cases. This would for example allow users to insert into views
4744 they weren't supposed to have permission to insert into. We have therefore
4745 reverted the 7.3.3 patch. The original bug will be fixed in 8.0.
4747 <listitem><para>Repair incorrect order of operations in
4748 GetNewTransactionId()</para>
4750 This bug could result in failure under out-of-disk-space conditions, including
4751 inability to restart even after disk space is freed.
4753 <listitem><para>Ensure configure selects -fno-strict-aliasing even when
4754 an external value for CFLAGS is supplied</para>
4756 On some platforms, building with -fstrict-aliasing causes bugs.
4758 <listitem><para>Make pg_restore handle 64-bit off_t correctly</para>
4760 This bug prevented proper restoration from archive files exceeding 4Gb.
4762 <listitem><para>Make contrib/dblink not assume that local and remote type OIDs
4763 match (Joe)</para></listitem>
4764 <listitem><para>Quote connectby()'s start_with argument properly (Joe)</para></listitem>
4765 <listitem><para>Don't crash when a rowtype argument to a plpgsql function is
4766 NULL</para></listitem>
4767 <listitem><para>Avoid generating invalid character encoding sequences in
4768 corner cases when planning LIKE operations</para></listitem>
4769 <listitem><para>Ensure text_position() cannot scan past end of source string
4770 in multibyte cases (Korea PostgreSQL Users' Group)</para></listitem>
4771 <listitem><para>Fix index optimization and selectivity estimates for LIKE
4772 operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
4778 <sect1 id="release-7-3-5">
4779 <title>Release 7.3.5</title>
4782 <title>Release date</title>
4783 <simpara>2003-12-03</simpara>
4787 This has a variety of fixes from 7.3.4.
4792 <title>Migration to version 7.3.5</title>
4795 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
4801 <title>Changes</title>
4804 <listitem><para>Force zero_damaged_pages to be on during recovery from WAL</para></listitem>
4805 <listitem><para>Prevent some obscure cases of <quote>variable not in subplan target lists</quote></para></listitem>
4806 <listitem><para>Force stats processes to detach from shared memory, ensuring cleaner shutdown</para></listitem>
4807 <listitem><para>Make PQescapeBytea and byteaout consistent with each other (Joe)</para></listitem>
4808 <listitem><para>Added missing SPI_finish() calls to dblink's get_tuple_of_interest() (Joe)</para></listitem>
4809 <listitem><para>Fix for possible foreign key violation when rule rewrites INSERT (Jan)</para></listitem>
4810 <listitem><para>Support qualified type names in PL/Tcl's spi_prepare command (Jan)</para></listitem>
4811 <listitem><para>Make pg_dump handle a procedural language handler located in pg_catalog</para></listitem>
4812 <listitem><para>Make pg_dump handle cases where a custom opclass is in another schema</para></listitem>
4813 <listitem><para>Make pg_dump dump binary-compatible casts correctly (Jan)</para></listitem>
4814 <listitem><para>Fix insertion of expressions containing subqueries into rule bodies</para></listitem>
4815 <listitem><para>Fix incorrect argument processing in clusterdb script (Anand Ranganathan)</para></listitem>
4816 <listitem><para>Fix problems with dropped columns in plpython triggers</para></listitem>
4817 <listitem><para>Repair problems with to_char() reading past end of its input string (Karel)</para></listitem>
4818 <listitem><para>Fix GB18030 mapping errors (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
4819 <listitem><para>Fix several problems with SSL error handling and asynchronous SSL I/O</para></listitem>
4820 <listitem><para>Remove ability to bind a list of values to a single parameter in JDBC
4821 (prevents possible SQL-injection attacks)</para></listitem>
4822 <listitem><para>Fix some errors in HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP code paths</para></listitem>
4823 <listitem><para>Fix corner case for btree search in parallel with first root page split</para></listitem>
4829 <sect1 id="release-7-3-4">
4830 <title>Release 7.3.4</title>
4833 <title>Release date</title>
4834 <simpara>2003-07-24</simpara>
4838 This has a variety of fixes from 7.3.3.
4843 <title>Migration to version 7.3.4</title>
4846 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
4852 <title>Changes</title>
4855 <listitem><para>Repair breakage in timestamp-to-date conversion for dates before 2000</para></listitem>
4856 <listitem><para>Prevent rare possibility of server startup failure (Tom)</para></listitem>
4857 <listitem><para>Fix bugs in interval-to-time conversion (Tom)</para></listitem>
4858 <listitem><para>Add constraint names in a few places in pg_dump (Rod)</para></listitem>
4859 <listitem><para>Improve performance of functions with many parameters (Tom)</para></listitem>
4860 <listitem><para>Fix to_ascii() buffer overruns (Tom)</para></listitem>
4861 <listitem><para>Prevent restore of database comments from throwing an error (Tom)</para></listitem>
4862 <listitem><para>Work around buggy strxfrm() present in some Solaris releases (Tom)</para></listitem>
4863 <listitem><para>Properly escape jdbc setObject() strings to improve security (Barry)</para></listitem>
4869 <sect1 id="release-7-3-3">
4870 <title>Release 7.3.3</title>
4873 <title>Release date</title>
4874 <simpara>2003-05-22</simpara>
4878 This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.3.2.
4882 <title>Migration to version 7.3.3</title>
4885 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
4886 running version 7.3.*.
4891 <title>Changes</title>
4894 <listitem><para>Repair sometimes-incorrect computation of StartUpID after a crash</para></listitem>
4895 <listitem><para>Avoid slowness with lots of deferred triggers in one transaction (Stephan)</para></listitem>
4896 <listitem><para>Don't lock referenced row when <command>UPDATE</command> doesn't change foreign key's value (Jan)</para></listitem>
4897 <listitem><para>Use <command>-fPIC</command> not <command>-fpic</command> on Sparc (Tom Callaway)</para></listitem>
4898 <listitem><para>Repair lack of schema-awareness in contrib/reindexdb</para></listitem>
4899 <listitem><para>Fix contrib/intarray error for zero-element result array (Teodor)</para></listitem>
4900 <listitem><para>Ensure createuser script will exit on control-C (Oliver)</para></listitem>
4901 <listitem><para>Fix errors when the type of a dropped column has itself been dropped</para></listitem>
4902 <listitem><para><command>CHECKPOINT</command> does not cause database panic on failure in noncritical steps</para></listitem>
4903 <listitem><para>Accept 60 in seconds fields of timestamp, time, interval input values</para></listitem>
4904 <listitem><para>Issue notice, not error, if <type>TIMESTAMP</type>,
4905 <type> TIME</type>, or <type>INTERVAL</type> precision too large</para></listitem>
4906 <listitem><para>Fix <function>abstime-to-time</function> cast function (fix is
4907 not applied unless you <application>initdb</application>)</para></listitem>
4908 <listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_proc</application> entry for
4909 <type>timestampt_izone</type> (fix is not applied unless you
4910 <application>initdb</application>)</para></listitem>
4911 <listitem><para>Make <function>EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM timestamp without time zone)</function> treat input as local time</para></listitem>
4912 <listitem><para><command>'now'::timestamptz</command> gave wrong answer if timezone changed earlier in transaction</para></listitem>
4913 <listitem><para><envar>HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP</envar> code for time with timezone overwrote its input</para></listitem>
4914 <listitem><para>Accept <command>GLOBAL TEMP/TEMPORARY</command> as a
4915 synonym for <command>TEMPORARY</command></para></listitem>
4916 <listitem><para>Avoid improper schema-privilege-check failure in foreign-key triggers</para></listitem>
4917 <listitem><para>Fix bugs in foreign-key triggers for <command>SET DEFAULT</command> action</para></listitem>
4918 <listitem><para>Fix incorrect time-qual check in row fetch for
4919 <command>UPDATE</command> and <command>DELETE</command> triggers</para></listitem>
4920 <listitem><para>Foreign-key clauses were parsed but ignored in
4921 <command>ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN</command></para></listitem>
4922 <listitem><para>Fix createlang script breakage for case where handler function already exists</para></listitem>
4923 <listitem><para>Fix misbehavior on zero-column tables in <application>pg_dump</application>, COPY, ANALYZE, other places</para></listitem>
4924 <listitem><para>Fix misbehavior of <function>func_error()</function> on type names containing '%'</para></listitem>
4925 <listitem><para>Fix misbehavior of <function>replace()</function> on strings containing '%'</para></listitem>
4926 <listitem><para>Regular-expression patterns containing certain multibyte characters failed</para></listitem>
4927 <listitem><para>Account correctly for <command>NULL</command>s in more cases in join size estimation</para></listitem>
4928 <listitem><para>Avoid conflict with system definition of <function>isblank()</function> function or macro</para></listitem>
4929 <listitem><para>Fix failure to convert large code point values in EUC_TW conversions (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
4930 <listitem><para>Fix error recovery for <function>SSL_read</function>/<function>SSL_write</function> calls</para></listitem>
4931 <listitem><para>Don't do early constant-folding of type coercion expressions</para></listitem>
4932 <listitem><para>Validate page header fields immediately after reading in any page</para></listitem>
4933 <listitem><para>Repair incorrect check for ungrouped variables in unnamed joins</para></listitem>
4934 <listitem><para>Fix buffer overrun in <function>to_ascii</function> (Guido Notari)</para></listitem>
4935 <listitem><para>contrib/ltree fixes (Teodor)</para></listitem>
4936 <listitem><para>Fix core dump in deadlock detection on machines where char is unsigned</para></listitem>
4937 <listitem><para>Avoid running out of buffers in many-way indexscan (bug introduced in 7.3)</para></listitem>
4938 <listitem><para>Fix planner's selectivity estimation functions to handle domains properly</para></listitem>
4939 <listitem><para>Fix <application>dbmirror</application> memory-allocation bug (Steven Singer)</para></listitem>
4940 <listitem><para>Prevent infinite loop in <function>ln(numeric)</function> due to roundoff error</para></listitem>
4941 <listitem><para><command>GROUP BY</command> got confused if there were multiple equal GROUP BY items</para></listitem>
4942 <listitem><para>Fix bad plan when inherited <command>UPDATE</command>/<command>DELETE</command> references another inherited table</para></listitem>
4943 <listitem><para>Prevent clustering on incomplete (partial or non-NULL-storing) indexes</para></listitem>
4944 <listitem><para>Service shutdown request at proper time if it arrives while still starting up</para></listitem>
4945 <listitem><para>Fix left-links in temporary indexes (could make backwards scans miss entries)</para></listitem>
4946 <listitem><para>Fix incorrect handling of client_encoding setting in postgresql.conf (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
4947 <listitem><para>Fix failure to respond to <command>pg_ctl stop -m fast</command> after Async_NotifyHandler runs</para></listitem>
4948 <listitem><para>Fix SPI for case where rule contains multiple statements of the same type</para></listitem>
4949 <listitem><para>Fix problem with checking for wrong type of access privilege in rule query</para></listitem>
4950 <listitem><para>Fix problem with <command>EXCEPT</command> in <command>CREATE RULE</command></para></listitem>
4951 <listitem><para>Prevent problem with dropping temp tables having serial columns</para></listitem>
4952 <listitem><para>Fix replace_vars_with_subplan_refs failure in complex views</para></listitem>
4953 <listitem><para>Fix regexp slowness in single-byte encodings (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
4954 <listitem><para>Allow qualified type names in <command>CREATE CAST</command>
4955 and <command> DROP CAST</command></para></listitem>
4956 <listitem><para>Accept <function>SETOF type[]</function>, which formerly had to
4957 be written <function>SETOF _type</function></para></listitem>
4958 <listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_dump</application> core dump in some cases with procedural languages</para></listitem>
4959 <listitem><para>Force ISO datestyle in <application>pg_dump</application> output, for portability (Oliver)</para></listitem>
4960 <listitem><para><application>pg_dump</application> failed to handle error return
4961 from <function>lo_read</function> (Oleg Drokin)</para></listitem>
4962 <listitem><para><application>pg_dumpall</application> failed with groups having no members (Nick Eskelinen)</para></listitem>
4963 <listitem><para><application>pg_dumpall</application> failed to recognize --globals-only switch</para></listitem>
4964 <listitem><para>pg_restore failed to restore blobs if -X disable-triggers is specified</para></listitem>
4965 <listitem><para>Repair intrafunction memory leak in plpgsql</para></listitem>
4966 <listitem><para>pltcl's <command>elog</command> command dumped core if given wrong parameters (Ian Harding)</para></listitem>
4967 <listitem><para>plpython used wrong value of <envar>atttypmod</envar> (Brad McLean)</para></listitem>
4968 <listitem><para>Fix improper quoting of boolean values in Python interface (D'Arcy)</para></listitem>
4969 <listitem><para>Added <function>addDataType()</function> method to PGConnection interface for JDBC</para></listitem>
4970 <listitem><para>Fixed various problems with updateable ResultSets for JDBC (Shawn Green)</para></listitem>
4971 <listitem><para>Fixed various problems with DatabaseMetaData for JDBC (Kris Jurka, Peter Royal)</para></listitem>
4972 <listitem><para>Fixed problem with parsing table ACLs in JDBC</para></listitem>
4973 <listitem><para>Better error message for character set conversion problems in JDBC</para></listitem>
4979 <sect1 id="release-7-3-2">
4980 <title>Release 7.3.2</title>
4983 <title>Release date</title>
4984 <simpara>2003-02-04</simpara>
4988 This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.3.1.
4993 <title>Migration to version 7.3.2</title>
4996 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
4997 running version 7.3.*.
5002 <title>Changes</title>
5005 <listitem><para>Restore creation of OID column in CREATE TABLE AS / SELECT INTO</para></listitem>
5006 <listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_dump</> core dump when dumping views having comments</para></listitem>
5007 <listitem><para>Dump DEFERRABLE/INITIALLY DEFERRED constraints properly</para></listitem>
5008 <listitem><para>Fix UPDATE when child table's column numbering differs from parent</para></listitem>
5009 <listitem><para>Increase default value of max_fsm_relations</para></listitem>
5010 <listitem><para>Fix problem when fetching backwards in a cursor for a single-row query</para></listitem>
5011 <listitem><para>Make backward fetch work properly with cursor on SELECT DISTINCT query</para></listitem>
5012 <listitem><para>Fix problems with loading <application>pg_dump</> files containing contrib/lo usage</para></listitem>
5013 <listitem><para>Fix problem with all-numeric user names</para></listitem>
5014 <listitem><para>Fix possible memory leak and core dump during disconnect in libpgtcl</para></listitem>
5015 <listitem><para>Make plpython's spi_execute command handle nulls properly (Andrew Bosma)</para></listitem>
5016 <listitem><para>Adjust plpython error reporting so that its regression test passes again</para></listitem>
5017 <listitem><para>Work with bison 1.875</para></listitem>
5018 <listitem><para>Handle mixed-case names properly in plpgsql's %type (Neil)</para></listitem>
5019 <listitem><para>Fix core dump in pltcl when executing a query rewritten by a rule</para></listitem>
5020 <listitem><para>Repair array subscript overruns (per report from Yichen Xie)</para></listitem>
5021 <listitem><para>Reduce MAX_TIME_PRECISION from 13 to 10 in floating-point case</para></listitem>
5022 <listitem><para>Correctly case-fold variable names in per-database and per-user settings</para></listitem>
5023 <listitem><para>Fix coredump in plpgsql's RETURN NEXT when SELECT into record returns no rows</para></listitem>
5024 <listitem><para>Fix outdated use of pg_type.typprtlen in python client interface</para></listitem>
5025 <listitem><para>Correctly handle fractional seconds in timestamps in JDBC driver</para></listitem>
5026 <listitem><para>Improve performance of getImportedKeys() in JDBC</para></listitem>
5027 <listitem><para>Make shared-library symlinks work standardly on HPUX (Giles)</para></listitem>
5028 <listitem><para>Repair inconsistent rounding behavior for timestamp, time, interval</para></listitem>
5029 <listitem><para>SSL negotiation fixes (Nathan Mueller)</para></listitem>
5030 <listitem><para>Make libpq's ~/.pgpass feature work when connecting with PQconnectDB</para></listitem>
5031 <listitem><para>Update my2pg, ora2pg</para></listitem>
5032 <listitem><para>Translation updates</para></listitem>
5033 <listitem><para>Add casts between types lo and oid in contrib/lo</para></listitem>
5034 <listitem><para>fastpath code now checks for privilege to call function</para></listitem>
5040 <sect1 id="release-7-3-1">
5041 <title>Release 7.3.1</title>
5044 <title>Release date</title>
5045 <simpara>2002-12-18</simpara>
5049 This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.3.
5054 <title>Migration to version 7.3.1</title>
5057 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
5058 running version 7.3. However, it should be noted that the main
5059 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> interface library, libpq,
5060 has a new major version number for this release, which may require
5061 recompilation of client code in certain cases.
5066 <title>Changes</title>
5069 <listitem><para>Fix a core dump of COPY TO when client/server encodings don't match (Tom)</para></listitem>
5070 <listitem><para>Allow <application>pg_dump</> to work with pre-7.2 servers (Philip)</para></listitem>
5071 <listitem><para>contrib/adddepend fixes (Tom)</para></listitem>
5072 <listitem><para>Fix problem with deletion of per-user/per-database config settings (Tom)</para></listitem>
5073 <listitem><para>contrib/vacuumlo fix (Tom)</para></listitem>
5074 <listitem><para>Allow 'password' encryption even when pg_shadow contains MD5 passwords (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5075 <listitem><para>contrib/dbmirror fix (Steven Singer)</para></listitem>
5076 <listitem><para>Optimizer fixes (Tom)</para></listitem>
5077 <listitem><para>contrib/tsearch fixes (Teodor Sigaev, Magnus)</para></listitem>
5078 <listitem><para>Allow locale names to be mixed case (Nicolai Tufar)</para></listitem>
5079 <listitem><para>Increment libpq library's major version number (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5080 <listitem><para>pg_hba.conf error reporting fixes (Bruce, Neil)</para></listitem>
5081 <listitem><para>Add SCO Openserver 5.0.4 as a supported platform (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5082 <listitem><para>Prevent EXPLAIN from crashing server (Tom)</para></listitem>
5083 <listitem><para>SSL fixes (Nathan Mueller)</para></listitem>
5084 <listitem><para>Prevent composite column creation via ALTER TABLE (Tom)</para></listitem>
5090 <sect1 id="release-7-3">
5091 <title>Release 7.3</title>
5094 <title>Release date</title>
5095 <simpara>2002-11-27</simpara>
5099 <title>Overview</title>
5102 Major changes in this release:
5106 <term>Schemas</term>
5109 Schemas allow users to create objects in separate namespaces,
5110 so two people or applications can have tables with the same
5111 name. There is also a public schema for shared tables.
5112 Table/index creation can be restricted by removing privileges
5113 on the public schema.
5119 <term>Drop Column</term>
5122 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> now supports the
5123 <literal>ALTER TABLE ... DROP COLUMN</literal> functionality.
5129 <term>Table Functions</term>
5132 Functions returning multiple rows and/or multiple columns are
5133 now much easier to use than before. You can call such a
5134 <quote>table function</quote> in the <literal>SELECT</literal>
5135 <literal>FROM</literal> clause, treating its output like a
5136 table. Also, <application>PL/pgSQL</application> functions can
5143 <term>Prepared Queries</term>
5146 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> now supports prepared
5147 queries, for improved performance.
5153 <term>Dependency Tracking</term>
5156 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> now records object
5157 dependencies, which allows improvements in many areas.
5158 <command>DROP</command> statements now take either
5159 <literal>CASCADE</> or <literal>RESTRICT</> to control whether
5160 dependent objects are also dropped.
5166 <term>Privileges</term>
5169 Functions and procedural languages now have privileges, and
5170 functions can be defined to run with the privileges of their
5177 <term>Internationalization</term>
5180 Both multibyte and locale support are now always enabled.
5186 <term>Logging</term>
5189 A variety of logging options have been enhanced.
5195 <term>Interfaces</term>
5198 A large number of interfaces have been moved to <ulink
5199 url="http://gborg.postgresql.org">http://gborg.postgresql.org</>
5200 where they can be developed and released independently.
5206 <term>Functions/Identifiers</term>
5209 By default, functions can now take up to 32 parameters, and
5210 identifiers can be up to 63 bytes long. Also, <literal>OPAQUE</>
5211 is now deprecated: there are specific <quote>pseudo-datatypes</>
5212 to represent each of the former meanings of <literal>OPAQUE</>
5213 in function argument and result types.
5223 <title>Migration to version 7.3</title>
5226 A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</> is required for those
5227 wishing to migrate data from any previous release. If your
5228 application examines the system catalogs, additional changes will
5229 be required due to the introduction of schemas in 7.3; for more
5230 information, see: <ulink
5231 url="http://developer.postgresql.org/~momjian/upgrade_tips_7.3">
5232 http://developer.postgresql.org/~momjian/upgrade_tips_7.3</>.
5236 Observe the following incompatibilities:
5241 Pre-6.3 clients are no longer supported.
5247 <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename> now has a column for the user
5248 name and additional features. Existing files need to be
5255 Several <filename>postgresql.conf</filename> logging parameters
5262 <literal>LIMIT #,#</literal> has been disabled; use
5263 <literal>LIMIT # OFFSET #</literal>.
5269 <command>INSERT</command> statements with column lists must
5270 specify a value for each specified column. For example,
5271 <literal>INSERT INTO tab (col1, col2) VALUES ('val1')</literal>
5272 is now invalid. It's still allowed to supply fewer columns than
5273 expected if the <command>INSERT</command> does not have a column list.
5279 <type>serial</type> columns are no longer automatically
5280 <literal>UNIQUE</>; thus, an index will not automatically be
5287 A <command>SET</command> command inside an aborted transaction
5294 <command>COPY</command> no longer considers missing trailing
5295 columns to be null. All columns need to be specified.
5296 (However, one may achieve a similar effect by specifying a
5297 column list in the <command>COPY</command> command.)
5303 The data type <type>timestamp</type> is now equivalent to
5304 <type>timestamp without time zone</type>, instead of
5305 <type>timestamp with time zone</type>.
5311 Pre-7.3 databases loaded into 7.3 will not have the new object
5312 dependencies for <type>serial</type> columns, unique
5313 constraints, and foreign keys. See the directory
5314 <filename>contrib/adddepend/</filename> for a detailed
5315 description and a script that will add such dependencies.
5321 An empty string (<literal>''</literal>) is no longer allowed as
5322 the input into an integer field. Formerly, it was silently
5333 <title>Changes</title>
5336 <title>Server Operation</title>
5338 <listitem><para>Add pg_locks view to show locks (Neil)</para></listitem>
5339 <listitem><para>Security fixes for password negotiation memory allocation (Neil)</para></listitem>
5340 <listitem><para>Remove support for version 0 FE/BE protocol (<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 6.2 and earlier) (Tom)</para></listitem>
5341 <listitem><para>Reserve the last few backend slots for superusers, add parameter superuser_reserved_connections to control this (Nigel J. Andrews)</para></listitem>
5346 <title>Performance</title>
5348 <listitem><para>Improve startup by calling localtime() only once (Tom)</para></listitem>
5349 <listitem><para>Cache system catalog information in flat files for faster startup (Tom)</para></listitem>
5350 <listitem><para>Improve caching of index information (Tom)</para></listitem>
5351 <listitem><para>Optimizer improvements (Tom, Fernando Nasser)</para></listitem>
5352 <listitem><para>Catalog caches now store failed lookups (Tom)</para></listitem>
5353 <listitem><para>Hash function improvements (Neil)</para></listitem>
5354 <listitem><para>Improve performance of query tokenization and network handling (Peter)</para></listitem>
5355 <listitem><para>Speed improvement for large object restore (Mario Weilguni)</para></listitem>
5356 <listitem><para>Mark expired index entries on first lookup, saving later heap fetches (Tom)</para></listitem>
5357 <listitem><para>Avoid excessive NULL bitmap padding (Manfred Koizar)</para></listitem>
5358 <listitem><para>Add BSD-licensed qsort() for Solaris, for performance (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5359 <listitem><para>Reduce per-row overhead by four bytes (Manfred Koizar)</para></listitem>
5360 <listitem><para>Fix GEQO optimizer bug (Neil Conway)</para></listitem>
5361 <listitem><para>Make WITHOUT OID actually save four bytes per row (Manfred Koizar)</para></listitem>
5362 <listitem><para>Add default_statistics_target variable to specify ANALYZE buckets (Neil)</para></listitem>
5363 <listitem><para>Use local buffer cache for temporary tables so no WAL overhead (Tom)</para></listitem>
5364 <listitem><para>Improve free space map performance on large tables (Stephen Marshall, Tom)</para></listitem>
5365 <listitem><para>Improved WAL write concurrency (Tom)</para></listitem>
5370 <title>Privileges</title>
5372 <listitem><para>Add privileges on functions and procedural languages (Peter)</para></listitem>
5373 <listitem><para>Add OWNER to CREATE DATABASE so superusers can create databases on behalf of unprivileged users (Gavin Sherry, Tom)</para></listitem>
5374 <listitem><para>Add new object privilege bits EXECUTE and USAGE (Tom)</para></listitem>
5375 <listitem><para>Add SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION DEFAULT and RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION (Tom)</para></listitem>
5376 <listitem><para>Allow functions to be executed with the privilege of the function owner (Peter)</para></listitem>
5381 <title>Server Configuration</title>
5383 <listitem><para>Server log messages now tagged with LOG, not DEBUG (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5384 <listitem><para>Add user column to pg_hba.conf (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5385 <listitem><para>Have log_connections output two lines in log file (Tom)</para></listitem>
5386 <listitem><para>Remove debug_level from postgresql.conf, now server_min_messages (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5387 <listitem><para>New ALTER DATABASE/USER ... SET command for per-user/database initialization (Peter)</para></listitem>
5388 <listitem><para>New parameters server_min_messages and client_min_messages to control which messages are sent to the server logs or client applications (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5389 <listitem><para>Allow pg_hba.conf to specify lists of users/databases separated by commas, group names prepended with +, and file names prepended with @ (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5390 <listitem><para>Remove secondary password file capability and pg_password utility (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5391 <listitem><para>Add variable db_user_namespace for database-local user names (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5392 <listitem><para>SSL improvements (Bear Giles)</para></listitem>
5393 <listitem><para>Make encryption of stored passwords the default (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5394 <listitem><para>Allow pg_statistics to be reset by calling pg_stat_reset() (Christopher)</para></listitem>
5395 <listitem><para>Add log_duration parameter (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5396 <listitem><para>Rename debug_print_query to log_statement (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5397 <listitem><para>Rename show_query_stats to show_statement_stats (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5398 <listitem><para>Add param log_min_error_statement to print commands to logs on error (Gavin)</para></listitem>
5403 <title>Queries</title>
5405 <listitem><para>Make cursors insensitive, meaning their contents do not change (Tom)</para></listitem>
5406 <listitem><para>Disable LIMIT #,# syntax; now only LIMIT # OFFSET # supported (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5407 <listitem><para>Increase identifier length to 63 (Neil, Bruce)</para></listitem>
5408 <listitem><para>UNION fixes for merging >= 3 columns of different lengths (Tom)</para></listitem>
5409 <listitem><para>Add DEFAULT key word to INSERT, e.g., INSERT ... (..., DEFAULT, ...) (Rod)</para></listitem>
5410 <listitem><para>Allow views to have default values using ALTER COLUMN ... SET DEFAULT (Neil)</para></listitem>
5411 <listitem><para>Fail on INSERTs with column lists that don't supply all column values, e.g., INSERT INTO tab (col1, col2) VALUES ('val1'); (Rod)</para></listitem>
5412 <listitem><para>Fix for join aliases (Tom)</para></listitem>
5413 <listitem><para>Fix for FULL OUTER JOINs (Tom)</para></listitem>
5414 <listitem><para>Improve reporting of invalid identifier and location (Tom, Gavin)</para></listitem>
5415 <listitem><para>Fix OPEN cursor(args) (Tom)</para></listitem>
5416 <listitem><para>Allow 'ctid' to be used in a view and currtid(viewname) (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
5417 <listitem><para>Fix for CREATE TABLE AS with UNION (Tom)</para></listitem>
5418 <listitem><para>SQL99 syntax improvements (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5419 <listitem><para>Add statement_timeout variable to cancel queries (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5420 <listitem><para>Allow prepared queries with PREPARE/EXECUTE (Neil)</para></listitem>
5421 <listitem><para>Allow FOR UPDATE to appear after LIMIT/OFFSET (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5422 <listitem><para>Add variable autocommit (Tom, David Van Wie)</para></listitem>
5427 <title>Object Manipulation</title>
5429 <listitem><para>Make equals signs optional in CREATE DATABASE (Gavin Sherry)</para></listitem>
5430 <listitem><para>Make ALTER TABLE OWNER change index ownership too (Neil)</para></listitem>
5431 <listitem><para>New ALTER TABLE tabname ALTER COLUMN colname SET STORAGE controls TOAST storage, compression (John Gray)</para></listitem>
5432 <listitem><para>Add schema support, CREATE/DROP SCHEMA (Tom)</para></listitem>
5433 <listitem><para>Create schema for temporary tables (Tom)</para></listitem>
5434 <listitem><para>Add variable search_path for schema search (Tom)</para></listitem>
5435 <listitem><para>Add ALTER TABLE SET/DROP NOT NULL (Christopher)</para></listitem>
5436 <listitem><para>New CREATE FUNCTION volatility levels (Tom)</para></listitem>
5437 <listitem><para>Make rule names unique only per table (Tom)</para></listitem>
5438 <listitem><para>Add 'ON tablename' clause to DROP RULE and COMMENT ON RULE (Tom)</para></listitem>
5439 <listitem><para>Add ALTER TRIGGER RENAME (Joe)</para></listitem>
5440 <listitem><para>New current_schema() and current_schemas() inquiry functions (Tom)</para></listitem>
5441 <listitem><para>Allow functions to return multiple rows (table functions) (Joe)</para></listitem>
5442 <listitem><para>Make WITH optional in CREATE DATABASE, for consistency (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5443 <listitem><para>Add object dependency tracking (Rod, Tom)</para></listitem>
5444 <listitem><para>Add RESTRICT/CASCADE to DROP commands (Rod)</para></listitem>
5445 <listitem><para>Add ALTER TABLE DROP for non-CHECK CONSTRAINT (Rod)</para></listitem>
5446 <listitem><para>Autodestroy sequence on DROP of table with SERIAL (Rod)</para></listitem>
5447 <listitem><para>Prevent column dropping if column is used by foreign key (Rod)</para></listitem>
5448 <listitem><para>Automatically drop constraints/functions when object is dropped (Rod)</para></listitem>
5449 <listitem><para>Add CREATE/DROP OPERATOR CLASS (Bill Studenmund, Tom)</para></listitem>
5450 <listitem><para>Add ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN (Christopher, Tom, Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
5451 <listitem><para>Prevent inherited columns from being removed or renamed (Alvaro Herrera)</para></listitem>
5452 <listitem><para>Fix foreign key constraints to not error on intermediate database states (Stephan)</para></listitem>
5453 <listitem><para>Propagate column or table renaming to foreign key constraints</para></listitem>
5454 <listitem><para>Add CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW (Gavin, Neil, Tom)</para></listitem>
5455 <listitem><para>Add CREATE OR REPLACE RULE (Gavin, Neil, Tom)</para></listitem>
5456 <listitem><para>Have rules execute alphabetically, returning more predictable values (Tom)</para></listitem>
5457 <listitem><para>Triggers are now fired in alphabetical order (Tom)</para></listitem>
5458 <listitem><para>Add /contrib/adddepend to handle pre-7.3 object dependencies (Rod)</para></listitem>
5459 <listitem><para>Allow better casting when inserting/updating values (Tom)</para></listitem>
5464 <title>Utility Commands</title>
5466 <listitem><para>Have COPY TO output embedded carriage returns and newlines as \r and \n (Tom)</para></listitem>
5467 <listitem><para>Allow DELIMITER in COPY FROM to be 8-bit clean (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5468 <listitem><para>Make <application>pg_dump</> use ALTER TABLE ADD PRIMARY KEY, for performance (Neil)</para></listitem>
5469 <listitem><para>Disable brackets in multistatement rules (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5470 <listitem><para>Disable VACUUM from being called inside a function (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5471 <listitem><para>Allow dropdb and other scripts to use identifiers with spaces (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5472 <listitem><para>Restrict database comment changes to the current database</para></listitem>
5473 <listitem><para>Allow comments on operators, independent of the underlying function (Rod)</para></listitem>
5474 <listitem><para>Rollback SET commands in aborted transactions (Tom)</para></listitem>
5475 <listitem><para>EXPLAIN now outputs as a query (Tom)</para></listitem>
5476 <listitem><para>Display condition expressions and sort keys in EXPLAIN (Tom)</para></listitem>
5477 <listitem><para>Add 'SET LOCAL var = value' to set configuration variables for a single transaction (Tom)</para></listitem>
5478 <listitem><para>Allow ANALYZE to run in a transaction (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5479 <listitem><para>Improve COPY syntax using new WITH clauses, keep backward compatibility (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5480 <listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_dump</> to consistently output tags in non-ASCII dumps (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5481 <listitem><para>Make foreign key constraints clearer in dump file (Rod)</para></listitem>
5482 <listitem><para>Add COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT (Rod)</para></listitem>
5483 <listitem><para>Allow COPY TO/FROM to specify column names (Brent Verner)</para></listitem>
5484 <listitem><para>Dump UNIQUE and PRIMARY KEY constraints as ALTER TABLE (Rod)</para></listitem>
5485 <listitem><para>Have SHOW output a query result (Joe)</para></listitem>
5486 <listitem><para>Generate failure on short COPY lines rather than pad NULLs (Neil)</para></listitem>
5487 <listitem><para>Fix CLUSTER to preserve all table attributes (Alvaro Herrera)</para></listitem>
5488 <listitem><para>New pg_settings table to view/modify GUC settings (Joe)</para></listitem>
5489 <listitem><para>Add smart quoting, portability improvements to <application>pg_dump</> output (Peter)</para></listitem>
5490 <listitem><para>Dump serial columns out as SERIAL (Tom)</para></listitem>
5491 <listitem><para>Enable large file support, >2G for <application>pg_dump</> (Peter, Philip Warner, Bruce)</para></listitem>
5492 <listitem><para>Disallow TRUNCATE on tables that are involved in referential constraints (Rod)</para></listitem>
5493 <listitem><para>Have TRUNCATE also auto-truncate the toast table of the relation (Tom)</para></listitem>
5494 <listitem><para>Add clusterdb utility that will auto-cluster an entire database based on previous CLUSTER operations (Alvaro Herrera)</para></listitem>
5495 <listitem><para>Overhaul pg_dumpall (Peter)</para></listitem>
5496 <listitem><para>Allow REINDEX of TOAST tables (Tom)</para></listitem>
5497 <listitem><para>Implemented START TRANSACTION, per SQL99 (Neil)</para></listitem>
5498 <listitem><para>Fix rare index corruption when a page split affects bulk delete (Tom)</para></listitem>
5499 <listitem><para>Fix ALTER TABLE ... ADD COLUMN for inheritance (Alvaro Herrera)</para></listitem>
5504 <title>Data Types and Functions</title>
5506 <listitem><para>Fix factorial(0) to return 1 (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5507 <listitem><para>Date/time/timezone improvements (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5508 <listitem><para>Fix for array slice extraction (Tom)</para></listitem>
5509 <listitem><para>Fix extract/date_part to report proper microseconds for timestamp (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5510 <listitem><para>Allow text_substr() and bytea_substr() to read TOAST values more efficiently (John Gray)</para></listitem>
5511 <listitem><para>Add domain support (Rod)</para></listitem>
5512 <listitem><para>Make WITHOUT TIME ZONE the default for TIMESTAMP and TIME data types (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5513 <listitem><para>Allow alternate storage scheme of 64-bit integers for date/time types using --enable-integer-datetimes in configure (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5514 <listitem><para>Make timezone(timestamptz) return timestamp rather than a string (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5515 <listitem><para>Allow fractional seconds in date/time types for dates prior to 1BC (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5516 <listitem><para>Limit timestamp data types to 6 decimal places of precision (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5517 <listitem><para>Change timezone conversion functions from timetz() to timezone() (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5518 <listitem><para>Add configuration variables datestyle and timezone (Tom)</para></listitem>
5519 <listitem><para>Add OVERLAY(), which allows substitution of a substring in a string (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5520 <listitem><para>Add SIMILAR TO (Thomas, Tom)</para></listitem>
5521 <listitem><para>Add regular expression SUBSTRING(string FROM pat FOR escape) (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5522 <listitem><para>Add LOCALTIME and LOCALTIMESTAMP functions (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5523 <listitem><para>Add named composite types using CREATE TYPE typename AS (column) (Joe)</para></listitem>
5524 <listitem><para>Allow composite type definition in the table alias clause (Joe)</para></listitem>
5525 <listitem><para>Add new API to simplify creation of C language table functions (Joe)</para></listitem>
5526 <listitem><para>Remove ODBC-compatible empty parentheses from calls to SQL99 functions for which these parentheses do not match the standard (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5527 <listitem><para>Allow macaddr data type to accept 12 hex digits with no separators (Mike Wyer)</para></listitem>
5528 <listitem><para>Add CREATE/DROP CAST (Peter)</para></listitem>
5529 <listitem><para>Add IS DISTINCT FROM operator (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5530 <listitem><para>Add SQL99 TREAT() function, synonym for CAST() (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5531 <listitem><para>Add pg_backend_pid() to output backend pid (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5532 <listitem><para>Add IS OF / IS NOT OF type predicate (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5533 <listitem><para>Allow bit string constants without fully-specified length (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5534 <listitem><para>Allow conversion between 8-byte integers and bit strings (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5535 <listitem><para>Implement hex literal conversion to bit string literal (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5536 <listitem><para>Allow table functions to appear in the FROM clause (Joe)</para></listitem>
5537 <listitem><para>Increase maximum number of function parameters to 32 (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5538 <listitem><para>No longer automatically create index for SERIAL column (Tom)</para></listitem>
5539 <listitem><para>Add current_database() (Rod)</para></listitem>
5540 <listitem><para>Fix cash_words() to not overflow buffer (Tom)</para></listitem>
5541 <listitem><para>Add functions replace(), split_part(), to_hex() (Joe)</para></listitem>
5542 <listitem><para>Fix LIKE for bytea as a right-hand argument (Joe)</para></listitem>
5543 <listitem><para>Prevent crashes caused by SELECT cash_out(2) (Tom)</para></listitem>
5544 <listitem><para>Fix to_char(1,'FM999.99') to return a period (Karel)</para></listitem>
5545 <listitem><para>Fix trigger/type/language functions returning OPAQUE to return proper type (Tom)</para></listitem>
5550 <title>Internationalization</title>
5552 <listitem><para>Add additional encodings: Korean (JOHAB), Thai (WIN874), Vietnamese (TCVN), Arabic (WIN1256), Simplified Chinese (GBK), Korean (UHC) (Eiji Tokuya)</para></listitem>
5553 <listitem><para>Enable locale support by default (Peter)</para></listitem>
5554 <listitem><para>Add locale variables (Peter)</para></listitem>
5555 <listitem><para>Escape byes >= 0x7f for multibyte in PQescapeBytea/PQunescapeBytea (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5556 <listitem><para>Add locale awareness to regular expression character classes</para></listitem>
5557 <listitem><para>Enable multibyte support by default (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5558 <listitem><para>Add GB18030 multibyte support (Bill Huang)</para></listitem>
5559 <listitem><para>Add CREATE/DROP CONVERSION, allowing loadable encodings (Tatsuo, Kaori)</para></listitem>
5560 <listitem><para>Add pg_conversion table (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5561 <listitem><para>Add SQL99 CONVERT() function (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5562 <listitem><para>pg_dumpall, pg_controldata, and pg_resetxlog now national-language aware (Peter)</para></listitem>
5563 <listitem><para>New and updated translations</para></listitem>
5568 <title>Server-side Languages</title>
5570 <listitem><para>Allow recursive SQL function (Peter)</para></listitem>
5571 <listitem><para>Change PL/Tcl build to use configured compiler and Makefile.shlib (Peter)</para></listitem>
5572 <listitem><para>Overhaul the PL/pgSQL FOUND variable to be more Oracle-compatible (Neil, Tom)</para></listitem>
5573 <listitem><para>Allow PL/pgSQL to handle quoted identifiers (Tom)</para></listitem>
5574 <listitem><para>Allow set-returning PL/pgSQL functions (Neil)</para></listitem>
5575 <listitem><para>Make PL/pgSQL schema-aware (Joe)</para></listitem>
5576 <listitem><para>Remove some memory leaks (Nigel J. Andrews, Tom)</para></listitem>
5583 <listitem><para>Don't lowercase psql \connect database name for 7.2.0 compatibility (Tom)</para></listitem>
5584 <listitem><para>Add psql \timing to time user queries (Greg Sabino Mullane)</para></listitem>
5585 <listitem><para>Have psql \d show index information (Greg Sabino Mullane)</para></listitem>
5586 <listitem><para>New psql \dD shows domains (Jonathan Eisler)</para></listitem>
5587 <listitem><para>Allow psql to show rules on views (Paul ?)</para></listitem>
5588 <listitem><para>Fix for psql variable substitution (Tom)</para></listitem>
5589 <listitem><para>Allow psql \d to show temporary table structure (Tom)</para></listitem>
5590 <listitem><para>Allow psql \d to show foreign keys (Rod)</para></listitem>
5591 <listitem><para>Fix \? to honor \pset pager (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5592 <listitem><para>Have psql reports its version number on startup (Tom)</para></listitem>
5593 <listitem><para>Allow \copy to specify column names (Tom)</para></listitem>
5598 <title>libpq</title>
5600 <listitem><para>Add $HOME/.pgpass to store host/user password combinations (Alvaro Herrera)</para></listitem>
5601 <listitem><para>Add PQunescapeBytea() function to libpq (Patrick Welche)</para></listitem>
5602 <listitem><para>Fix for sending large queries over non-blocking connections (Bernhard Herzog)</para></listitem>
5603 <listitem><para>Fix for libpq using timers on Win9X (David Ford)</para></listitem>
5604 <listitem><para>Allow libpq notify to handle servers with different-length identifiers (Tom)</para></listitem>
5605 <listitem><para>Add libpq PQescapeString() and PQescapeBytea() to Windows (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5606 <listitem><para>Fix for SSL with non-blocking connections (Jack Bates)</para></listitem>
5607 <listitem><para>Add libpq connection timeout parameter (Denis A Ustimenko)</para></listitem>
5614 <listitem><para>Allow JDBC to compile with JDK 1.4 (Dave)</para></listitem>
5615 <listitem><para>Add JDBC 3 support (Barry)</para></listitem>
5616 <listitem><para>Allows JDBC to set loglevel by adding ?loglevel=X to the connection URL (Barry)</para></listitem>
5617 <listitem><para>Add Driver.info() message that prints out the version number (Barry)</para></listitem>
5618 <listitem><para>Add updateable result sets (Raghu Nidagal, Dave)</para></listitem>
5619 <listitem><para>Add support for callable statements (Paul Bethe)</para></listitem>
5620 <listitem><para>Add query cancel capability</para></listitem>
5621 <listitem><para>Add refresh row (Dave)</para></listitem>
5622 <listitem><para>Fix MD5 encryption handling for multibyte servers (Jun Kawai)</para></listitem>
5623 <listitem><para>Add support for prepared statements (Barry)</para></listitem>
5628 <title>Miscellaneous Interfaces</title>
5630 <listitem><para>Fixed ECPG bug concerning octal numbers in single quotes (Michael)</para></listitem>
5631 <listitem><para>Move src/interfaces/libpgeasy to http://gborg.postgresql.org (Marc, Bruce)</para></listitem>
5632 <listitem><para>Improve Python interface (Elliot Lee, Andrew Johnson, Greg Copeland)</para></listitem>
5633 <listitem><para>Add libpgtcl connection close event (Gerhard Hintermayer)</para></listitem>
5634 <listitem><para>Move src/interfaces/libpq++ to http://gborg.postgresql.org (Marc, Bruce)</para></listitem>
5635 <listitem><para>Move src/interfaces/odbc to http://gborg.postgresql.org (Marc)</para></listitem>
5636 <listitem><para>Move src/interfaces/libpgeasy to http://gborg.postgresql.org (Marc, Bruce)</para></listitem>
5637 <listitem><para>Move src/interfaces/perl5 to http://gborg.postgresql.org (Marc, Bruce)</para></listitem>
5638 <listitem><para>Remove src/bin/pgaccess from main tree, now at http://www.pgaccess.org (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5639 <listitem><para>Add pg_on_connection_loss command to libpgtcl (Gerhard Hintermayer, Tom)</para></listitem>
5644 <title>Source Code</title>
5646 <listitem><para>Fix for parallel make (Peter)</para></listitem>
5647 <listitem><para>AIX fixes for linking Tcl (Andreas Zeugswetter)</para></listitem>
5648 <listitem><para>Allow PL/Perl to build under Cygwin (Jason Tishler)</para></listitem>
5649 <listitem><para>Improve MIPS compiles (Peter, Oliver Elphick)</para></listitem>
5650 <listitem><para>Require Autoconf version 2.53 (Peter)</para></listitem>
5651 <listitem><para>Require readline and zlib by default in configure (Peter)</para></listitem>
5652 <listitem><para>Allow Solaris to use Intimate Shared Memory (ISM), for performance (Scott Brunza, P.J. Josh Rovero)</para></listitem>
5653 <listitem><para>Always enable syslog in compile, remove --enable-syslog option (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5654 <listitem><para>Always enable multibyte in compile, remove --enable-multibyte option (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5655 <listitem><para>Always enable locale in compile, remove --enable-locale option (Peter)</para></listitem>
5656 <listitem><para>Fix for Win9x DLL creation (Magnus Naeslund)</para></listitem>
5657 <listitem><para>Fix for link() usage by WAL code on Windows, BeOS (Jason Tishler)</para></listitem>
5658 <listitem><para>Add sys/types.h to c.h, remove from main files (Peter, Bruce)</para></listitem>
5659 <listitem><para>Fix AIX hang on SMP machines (Tomoyuki Niijima)</para></listitem>
5660 <listitem><para>AIX SMP hang fix (Tomoyuki Niijima)</para></listitem>
5661 <listitem><para>Fix pre-1970 date handling on newer glibc libraries (Tom)</para></listitem>
5662 <listitem><para>Fix PowerPC SMP locking (Tom)</para></listitem>
5663 <listitem><para>Prevent gcc -ffast-math from being used (Peter, Tom)</para></listitem>
5664 <listitem><para>Bison >= 1.50 now required for developer builds</para></listitem>
5665 <listitem><para>Kerberos 5 support now builds with Heimdal (Peter)</para></listitem>
5666 <listitem><para>Add appendix in the User's Guide which lists SQL features (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5667 <listitem><para>Improve loadable module linking to use RTLD_NOW (Tom)</para></listitem>
5668 <listitem><para>New error levels WARNING, INFO, LOG, DEBUG[1-5] (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5669 <listitem><para>New src/port directory holds replaced libc functions (Peter, Bruce)</para></listitem>
5670 <listitem><para>New pg_namespace system catalog for schemas (Tom)</para></listitem>
5671 <listitem><para>Add pg_class.relnamespace for schemas (Tom)</para></listitem>
5672 <listitem><para>Add pg_type.typnamespace for schemas (Tom)</para></listitem>
5673 <listitem><para>Add pg_proc.pronamespace for schemas (Tom)</para></listitem>
5674 <listitem><para>Restructure aggregates to have pg_proc entries (Tom)</para></listitem>
5675 <listitem><para>System relations now have their own namespace, pg_* test not required (Fernando Nasser)</para></listitem>
5676 <listitem><para>Rename TOAST index names to be *_index rather than *_idx (Neil)</para></listitem>
5677 <listitem><para>Add namespaces for operators, opclasses (Tom)</para></listitem>
5678 <listitem><para>Add additional checks to server control file (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5679 <listitem><para>New Polish FAQ (Marcin Mazurek)</para></listitem>
5680 <listitem><para>Add Posix semaphore support (Tom)</para></listitem>
5681 <listitem><para>Document need for reindex (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5682 <listitem><para>Rename some internal identifiers to simplify Windows compile (Jan, Katherine Ward)</para></listitem>
5683 <listitem><para>Add documentation on computing disk space (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5684 <listitem><para>Remove KSQO from GUC (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5685 <listitem><para>Fix memory leak in rtree (Kenneth Been)</para></listitem>
5686 <listitem><para>Modify a few error messages for consistency (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5687 <listitem><para>Remove unused system table columns (Peter)</para></listitem>
5688 <listitem><para>Make system columns NOT NULL where appropriate (Tom)</para></listitem>
5689 <listitem><para>Clean up use of sprintf in favor of snprintf() (Neil, Jukka Holappa)</para></listitem>
5690 <listitem><para>Remove OPAQUE and create specific subtypes (Tom)</para></listitem>
5691 <listitem><para>Cleanups in array internal handling (Joe, Tom)</para></listitem>
5692 <listitem><para>Disallow pg_atoi('') (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5693 <listitem><para>Remove parameter wal_files because WAL files are now recycled (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5694 <listitem><para>Add version numbers to heap pages (Tom)</para></listitem>
5699 <title>Contrib</title>
5701 <listitem><para>Allow inet arrays in /contrib/array (Neil)</para></listitem>
5702 <listitem><para>GiST fixes (Teodor Sigaev, Neil)</para></listitem>
5703 <listitem><para>Upgrade /contrib/mysql</para></listitem>
5704 <listitem><para>Add /contrib/dbsize which shows table sizes without vacuum (Peter)</para></listitem>
5705 <listitem><para>Add /contrib/intagg, integer aggregator routines (mlw)</para></listitem>
5706 <listitem><para>Improve /contrib/oid2name (Neil, Bruce)</para></listitem>
5707 <listitem><para>Improve /contrib/tsearch (Oleg, Teodor Sigaev)</para></listitem>
5708 <listitem><para>Cleanups of /contrib/rserver (Alexey V. Borzov)</para></listitem>
5709 <listitem><para>Update /contrib/oracle conversion utility (Gilles Darold)</para></listitem>
5710 <listitem><para>Update /contrib/dblink (Joe)</para></listitem>
5711 <listitem><para>Improve options supported by /contrib/vacuumlo (Mario Weilguni)</para></listitem>
5712 <listitem><para>Improvements to /contrib/intarray (Oleg, Teodor Sigaev, Andrey Oktyabrski)</para></listitem>
5713 <listitem><para>Add /contrib/reindexdb utility (Shaun Thomas)</para></listitem>
5714 <listitem><para>Add indexing to /contrib/isbn_issn (Dan Weston)</para></listitem>
5715 <listitem><para>Add /contrib/dbmirror (Steven Singer)</para></listitem>
5716 <listitem><para>Improve /contrib/pgbench (Neil)</para></listitem>
5717 <listitem><para>Add /contrib/tablefunc table function examples (Joe)</para></listitem>
5718 <listitem><para>Add /contrib/ltree data type for tree structures (Teodor Sigaev, Oleg Bartunov)</para></listitem>
5719 <listitem><para>Move /contrib/pg_controldata, pg_resetxlog into main tree (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5720 <listitem><para>Fixes to /contrib/cube (Bruno Wolff)</para></listitem>
5721 <listitem><para>Improve /contrib/fulltextindex (Christopher)</para></listitem>
5728 <sect1 id="release-7-2-6">
5729 <title>Release 7.2.6</title>
5732 <title>Release date</title>
5733 <simpara>2004-10-22</simpara>
5737 This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.2.5.
5742 <title>Migration to version 7.2.6</title>
5745 A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.2.X.
5750 <title>Changes</title>
5753 <listitem><para>Repair possible failure to update hint bits on disk</para>
5755 Under rare circumstances this oversight could lead to
5756 <quote>could not access transaction status</> failures, which qualifies
5757 it as a potential-data-loss bug.
5759 <listitem><para>Ensure that hashed outer join does not miss tuples</para>
5761 Very large left joins using a hash join plan could fail to output unmatched
5762 left-side rows given just the right data distribution.
5764 <listitem><para>Disallow running pg_ctl as root</para>
5766 This is to guard against any possible security issues.
5768 <listitem><para>Avoid using temp files in /tmp in make_oidjoins_check</para>
5770 This has been reported as a security issue, though it's hardly worthy of
5771 concern since there is no reason for non-developers to use this script anyway.
5773 <listitem><para>Update to newer versions of Bison</para></listitem>
5779 <sect1 id="release-7-2-5">
5780 <title>Release 7.2.5</title>
5783 <title>Release date</title>
5784 <simpara>2004-08-16</simpara>
5788 This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.2.4.
5793 <title>Migration to version 7.2.5</title>
5796 A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.2.X.
5801 <title>Changes</title>
5804 <listitem><para>Prevent possible loss of committed transactions during crash</para>
5806 Due to insufficient interlocking between transaction commit and checkpointing,
5807 it was possible for transactions committed just before the most recent
5808 checkpoint to be lost, in whole or in part, following a database crash and
5809 restart. This is a serious bug that has existed
5810 since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
5812 <listitem><para>Fix corner case for btree search in parallel with first root page split</para></listitem>
5813 <listitem><para>Fix buffer overrun in <function>to_ascii</function> (Guido Notari)</para></listitem>
5814 <listitem><para>Fix core dump in deadlock detection on machines where char is unsigned</para></listitem>
5815 <listitem><para>Fix failure to respond to <command>pg_ctl stop -m fast</command> after Async_NotifyHandler runs</para></listitem>
5816 <listitem><para>Repair memory leaks in pg_dump</para></listitem>
5817 <listitem><para>Avoid conflict with system definition of <function>isblank()</function> function or macro</para></listitem>
5822 <sect1 id="release-7-2-4">
5823 <title>Release 7.2.4</title>
5826 <title>Release date</title>
5827 <simpara>2003-01-30</simpara>
5831 This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.2.3,
5832 including fixes to prevent possible data loss.
5836 <title>Migration to version 7.2.4</title>
5839 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
5840 running version 7.2.*.
5845 <title>Changes</title>
5848 <listitem><para>Fix some additional cases of VACUUM "No one parent tuple was found" error</para></listitem>
5849 <listitem><para>Prevent VACUUM from being called inside a function (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5850 <listitem><para>Ensure pg_clog updates are sync'd to disk before marking checkpoint complete</para></listitem>
5851 <listitem><para>Avoid integer overflow during large hash joins</para></listitem>
5852 <listitem><para>Make GROUP commands work when pg_group.grolist is large enough to be toasted</para></listitem>
5853 <listitem><para>Fix errors in datetime tables; some timezone names weren't being recognized</para></listitem>
5854 <listitem><para>Fix integer overflows in circle_poly(), path_encode(), path_add() (Neil)</para></listitem>
5855 <listitem><para>Repair long-standing logic errors in lseg_eq(), lseg_ne(), lseg_center()</para></listitem>
5861 <sect1 id="release-7-2-3">
5862 <title>Release 7.2.3</title>
5865 <title>Release date</title>
5866 <simpara>2002-10-01</simpara>
5870 This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.2.2,
5871 including fixes to prevent possible data loss.
5875 <title>Migration to version 7.2.3</title>
5878 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
5879 running version 7.2.*.
5884 <title>Changes</title>
5887 <listitem><para>Prevent possible compressed transaction log loss (Tom)</para></listitem>
5888 <listitem><para>Prevent non-superuser from increasing most recent vacuum info (Tom)</para></listitem>
5889 <listitem><para>Handle pre-1970 date values in newer versions of glibc (Tom)</para></listitem>
5890 <listitem><para>Fix possible hang during server shutdown</para></listitem>
5891 <listitem><para>Prevent spinlock hangs on SMP PPC machines (Tomoyuki Niijima)</para></listitem>
5892 <listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_dump</> to properly dump FULL JOIN USING (Tom)</para></listitem>
5898 <sect1 id="release-7-2-2">
5899 <title>Release 7.2.2</title>
5902 <title>Release date</title>
5903 <simpara>2002-08-23</simpara>
5907 This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.2.1.
5911 <title>Migration to version 7.2.2</title>
5914 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
5915 running version 7.2.*.
5920 <title>Changes</title>
5923 <listitem><para>Allow EXECUTE of "CREATE TABLE AS ... SELECT" in PL/pgSQL (Tom)</para></listitem>
5924 <listitem><para>Fix for compressed transaction log id wraparound (Tom)</para></listitem>
5925 <listitem><para>Fix PQescapeBytea/PQunescapeBytea so that they handle bytes > 0x7f (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5926 <listitem><para>Fix for psql and <application>pg_dump</> crashing when invoked with non-existent long options (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5927 <listitem><para>Fix crash when invoking geometric operators (Tom)</para></listitem>
5928 <listitem><para>Allow OPEN cursor(args) (Tom)</para></listitem>
5929 <listitem><para>Fix for rtree_gist index build (Teodor)</para></listitem>
5930 <listitem><para>Fix for dumping user-defined aggregates (Tom)</para></listitem>
5931 <listitem><para>contrib/intarray fixes (Oleg)</para></listitem>
5932 <listitem><para>Fix for complex UNION/EXCEPT/INTERSECT queries using parens (Tom)</para></listitem>
5933 <listitem><para>Fix to pg_convert (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5934 <listitem><para>Fix for crash with long DATA strings (Thomas, Neil)</para></listitem>
5935 <listitem><para>Fix for repeat(), lpad(), rpad() and long strings (Neil)</para></listitem>
5941 <sect1 id="release-7-2-1">
5942 <title>Release 7.2.1</title>
5945 <title>Release date</title>
5946 <simpara>2002-03-21</simpara>
5950 This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.2.
5954 <title>Migration to version 7.2.1</title>
5957 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
5958 running version 7.2.
5963 <title>Changes</title>
5966 <listitem><para>Ensure that sequence counters do not go backwards after a crash (Tom)</para></listitem>
5967 <listitem><para>Fix pgaccess kanji-conversion key binding (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5968 <listitem><para>Optimizer improvements (Tom)</para></listitem>
5969 <listitem><para>Cash I/O improvements (Tom)</para></listitem>
5970 <listitem><para>New Russian FAQ</para></listitem>
5971 <listitem><para>Compile fix for missing AuthBlockSig (Heiko)</para></listitem>
5972 <listitem><para>Additional time zones and time zone fixes (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5973 <listitem><para>Allow psql \connect to handle mixed case database and user names (Tom)</para></listitem>
5974 <listitem><para>Return proper OID on command completion even with ON INSERT rules (Tom)</para></listitem>
5975 <listitem><para>Allow COPY FROM to use 8-bit DELIMITERS (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5976 <listitem><para>Fix bug in extract/date_part for milliseconds/microseconds (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5977 <listitem><para>Improve handling of multiple UNIONs with different lengths (Tom)</para></listitem>
5978 <listitem><para>contrib/btree_gist improvements (Teodor Sigaev)</para></listitem>
5979 <listitem><para>contrib/tsearch dictionary improvements, see README.tsearch for an additional installation step (Thomas T. Thai, Teodor Sigaev)</para></listitem>
5980 <listitem><para>Fix for array subscripts handling (Tom)</para></listitem>
5981 <listitem><para>Allow EXECUTE of "CREATE TABLE AS ... SELECT" in PL/pgSQL (Tom)</para></listitem>
5987 <sect1 id="release-7-2">
5988 <title>Release 7.2</title>
5991 <title>Release date</title>
5992 <simpara>2002-02-04</simpara>
5996 <title>Overview</title>
5999 This release improves <productname>PostgreSQL</> for use in
6000 high-volume applications.
6004 Major changes in this release:
6011 Vacuuming no longer locks tables, thus allowing normal user
6012 access during the vacuum. A new <command>VACUUM FULL</>
6013 command does old-style vacuum by locking the table and
6014 shrinking the on-disk copy of the table.
6020 <term>Transactions</term>
6023 There is no longer a problem with installations that exceed
6024 four billion transactions.
6033 OIDs are now optional. Users can now create tables without
6034 OIDs for cases where OID usage is excessive.
6040 <term>Optimizer</term>
6043 The system now computes histogram column statistics during
6044 <command>ANALYZE</>, allowing much better optimizer choices.
6050 <term>Security</term>
6053 A new MD5 encryption option allows more secure storage and
6054 transfer of passwords. A new Unix-domain socket
6055 authentication option is available on Linux and BSD systems.
6061 <term>Statistics</term>
6064 Administrators can use the new table access statistics module
6065 to get fine-grained information about table and index usage.
6071 <term>Internationalization</term>
6074 Program and library messages can now be displayed in several
6084 <title>Migration to version 7.2</title>
6087 A dump/restore using <command>pg_dump</command> is required for
6088 those wishing to migrate data from any previous release.
6092 Observe the following incompatibilities:
6097 The semantics of the <command>VACUUM</command> command have
6098 changed in this release. You may wish to update your
6099 maintenance procedures accordingly.
6105 In this release, comparisons using <literal>= NULL</literal>
6106 will always return false (or NULL, more precisely). Previous
6107 releases automatically transformed this syntax to <literal>IS
6108 NULL</literal>. The old behavior can be re-enabled using a
6109 <filename>postgresql.conf</filename> parameter.
6115 The <filename>pg_hba.conf</> and <filename>pg_ident.conf</>
6116 configuration is now only reloaded after receiving a
6117 <systemitem>SIGHUP</> signal, not with each connection.
6123 The function <filename>octet_length()</> now returns the uncompressed data length.
6129 The date/time value <literal>'current'</literal> is no longer
6130 available. You will need to rewrite your applications.
6136 The <literal>timestamp()</literal>, <literal>time()</literal>,
6137 and <literal>interval()</literal> functions are no longer
6138 available. Instead of <literal>timestamp()</literal>, use
6139 <literal>timestamp 'string'</literal> or <literal>CAST</literal>.
6146 The <literal>SELECT ... LIMIT #,#</literal> syntax will be removed
6147 in the next release. You should change your queries to use
6148 separate LIMIT and OFFSET clauses, e.g. <literal>LIMIT 10 OFFSET
6154 <title>Changes</title>
6157 <title>Server Operation</title>
6159 <listitem><para>Create temporary files in a separate directory (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6160 <listitem><para>Delete orphaned temporary files on postmaster startup (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6161 <listitem><para>Added unique indexes to some system tables (Tom)</para></listitem>
6162 <listitem><para>System table operator reorganization (Oleg Bartunov, Teodor Sigaev, Tom)</para></listitem>
6163 <listitem><para>Renamed pg_log to pg_clog (Tom)</para></listitem>
6164 <listitem><para>Enable SIGTERM, SIGQUIT to kill backends (Jan)</para></listitem>
6165 <listitem><para>Removed compile-time limit on number of backends (Tom)</para></listitem>
6166 <listitem><para>Better cleanup for semaphore resource failure (Tatsuo, Tom)</para></listitem>
6167 <listitem><para>Allow safe transaction ID wraparound (Tom)</para></listitem>
6168 <listitem><para>Removed OIDs from some system tables (Tom)</para></listitem>
6169 <listitem><para>Removed "triggered data change violation" error check (Tom)</para></listitem>
6170 <listitem><para>SPI portal creation of prepared/saved plans (Jan)</para></listitem>
6171 <listitem><para>Allow SPI column functions to work for system columns (Tom)</para></listitem>
6172 <listitem><para>Long value compression improvement (Tom)</para></listitem>
6173 <listitem><para>Statistics collector for table, index access (Jan)</para></listitem>
6174 <listitem><para>Truncate extra-long sequence names to a reasonable value (Tom)</para></listitem>
6175 <listitem><para>Measure transaction times in milliseconds (Thomas)</para></listitem>
6176 <listitem><para>Fix TID sequential scans (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
6177 <listitem><para>Superuser ID now fixed at 1 (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6178 <listitem><para>New pg_ctl "reload" option (Tom)</para></listitem>
6183 <title>Performance</title>
6185 <listitem><para>Optimizer improvements (Tom)</para></listitem>
6186 <listitem><para>New histogram column statistics for optimizer (Tom)</para></listitem>
6187 <listitem><para>Reuse write-ahead log files rather than discarding them (Tom)</para></listitem>
6188 <listitem><para>Cache improvements (Tom)</para></listitem>
6189 <listitem><para>IS NULL, IS NOT NULL optimizer improvement (Tom)</para></listitem>
6190 <listitem><para>Improve lock manager to reduce lock contention (Tom)</para></listitem>
6191 <listitem><para>Keep relcache entries for index access support functions (Tom)</para></listitem>
6192 <listitem><para>Allow better selectivity with NaN and infinities in NUMERIC (Tom)</para></listitem>
6193 <listitem><para>R-tree performance improvements (Kenneth Been)</para></listitem>
6194 <listitem><para>B-tree splits more efficient (Tom)</para></listitem>
6199 <title>Privileges</title>
6201 <listitem><para>Change UPDATE, DELETE privileges to be distinct (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6202 <listitem><para>New REFERENCES, TRIGGER privileges (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6203 <listitem><para>Allow GRANT/REVOKE to/from more than one user at a time (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6204 <listitem><para>New has_table_privilege() function (Joe Conway)</para></listitem>
6205 <listitem><para>Allow non-superuser to vacuum database (Tom)</para></listitem>
6206 <listitem><para>New SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION command (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6207 <listitem><para>Fix bug in privilege modifications on newly created tables (Tom)</para></listitem>
6208 <listitem><para>Disallow access to pg_statistic for non-superuser, add user-accessible views (Tom)</para></listitem>
6213 <title>Client Authentication</title>
6215 <listitem><para>Fork postmaster before doing authentication to prevent hangs (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6216 <listitem><para>Add ident authentication over Unix domain sockets on Linux, *BSD (Helge Bahmann, Oliver Elphick, Teodor Sigaev, Bruce)</para></listitem>
6217 <listitem><para>Add a password authentication method that uses MD5 encryption (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6218 <listitem><para>Allow encryption of stored passwords using MD5 (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6219 <listitem><para>PAM authentication (Dominic J. Eidson)</para></listitem>
6220 <listitem><para>Load pg_hba.conf and pg_ident.conf only on startup and SIGHUP (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6225 <title>Server Configuration</title>
6227 <listitem><para>Interpretation of some time zone abbreviations as Australian rather than North American now settable at run time (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6228 <listitem><para>New parameter to set default transaction isolation level (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6229 <listitem><para>New parameter to enable conversion of "expr = NULL" into "expr IS NULL", off by default (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6230 <listitem><para>New parameter to control memory usage by VACUUM (Tom)</para></listitem>
6231 <listitem><para>New parameter to set client authentication timeout (Tom)</para></listitem>
6232 <listitem><para>New parameter to set maximum number of open files (Tom)</para></listitem>
6237 <title>Queries</title>
6239 <listitem><para>Statements added by INSERT rules now execute after the INSERT (Jan)</para></listitem>
6240 <listitem><para>Prevent unadorned relation names in target list (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6241 <listitem><para>NULLs now sort after all normal values in ORDER BY (Tom)</para></listitem>
6242 <listitem><para>New IS UNKNOWN, IS NOT UNKNOWN Boolean tests (Tom)</para></listitem>
6243 <listitem><para>New SHARE UPDATE EXCLUSIVE lock mode (Tom)</para></listitem>
6244 <listitem><para>New EXPLAIN ANALYZE command that shows run times and row counts (Martijn van Oosterhout)</para></listitem>
6245 <listitem><para>Fix problem with LIMIT and subqueries (Tom)</para></listitem>
6246 <listitem><para>Fix for LIMIT, DISTINCT ON pushed into subqueries (Tom)</para></listitem>
6247 <listitem><para>Fix nested EXCEPT/INTERSECT (Tom)</para></listitem>
6252 <title>Schema Manipulation</title>
6254 <listitem><para>Fix SERIAL in temporary tables (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6255 <listitem><para>Allow temporary sequences (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6256 <listitem><para>Sequences now use int8 internally (Tom)</para></listitem>
6257 <listitem><para>New SERIAL8 creates int8 columns with sequences, default still SERIAL4 (Tom)</para></listitem>
6258 <listitem><para>Make OIDs optional using WITHOUT OIDS (Tom)</para></listitem>
6259 <listitem><para>Add %TYPE syntax to CREATE TYPE (Ian Lance Taylor)</para></listitem>
6260 <listitem><para>Add ALTER TABLE / DROP CONSTRAINT for CHECK constraints (Christopher Kings-Lynne)</para></listitem>
6261 <listitem><para>New CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION to alter existing function (preserving the function OID) (Gavin Sherry)</para></listitem>
6262 <listitem><para>Add ALTER TABLE / ADD [ UNIQUE | PRIMARY ] (Christopher Kings-Lynne)</para></listitem>
6263 <listitem><para>Allow column renaming in views</para></listitem>
6264 <listitem><para>Make ALTER TABLE / RENAME COLUMN update column names of indexes (Brent Verner)</para></listitem>
6265 <listitem><para>Fix for ALTER TABLE / ADD CONSTRAINT ... CHECK with inherited tables (Stephan Szabo)</para></listitem>
6266 <listitem><para>ALTER TABLE RENAME update foreign-key trigger arguments correctly (Brent Verner)</para></listitem>
6267 <listitem><para>DROP AGGREGATE and COMMENT ON AGGREGATE now accept an aggtype (Tom)</para></listitem>
6268 <listitem><para>Add automatic return type data casting for SQL functions (Tom)</para></listitem>
6269 <listitem><para>Allow GiST indexes to handle NULLs and multikey indexes (Oleg Bartunov, Teodor Sigaev, Tom)</para></listitem>
6270 <listitem><para>Enable partial indexes (Martijn van Oosterhout)</para></listitem>
6275 <title>Utility Commands</title>
6277 <listitem><para>Add RESET ALL, SHOW ALL (Marko Kreen)</para></listitem>
6278 <listitem><para>CREATE/ALTER USER/GROUP now allow options in any order (Vince)</para></listitem>
6279 <listitem><para>Add LOCK A, B, C functionality (Neil Padgett)</para></listitem>
6280 <listitem><para>New ENCRYPTED/UNENCRYPTED option to CREATE/ALTER USER (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6281 <listitem><para>New light-weight VACUUM does not lock table; old semantics are available as VACUUM FULL (Tom)</para></listitem>
6282 <listitem><para>Disable COPY TO/FROM on views (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6283 <listitem><para>COPY DELIMITERS string must be exactly one character (Tom)</para></listitem>
6284 <listitem><para>VACUUM warning about index tuples fewer than heap now only appears when appropriate (Martijn van Oosterhout)</para></listitem>
6285 <listitem><para>Fix privilege checks for CREATE INDEX (Tom)</para></listitem>
6286 <listitem><para>Disallow inappropriate use of CREATE/DROP INDEX/TRIGGER/VIEW (Tom)</para></listitem>
6291 <title>Data Types and Functions</title>
6293 <listitem><para>SUM(), AVG(), COUNT() now uses int8 internally for speed (Tom)</para></listitem>
6294 <listitem><para>Add convert(), convert2() (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6295 <listitem><para>New function bit_length() (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6296 <listitem><para>Make the "n" in CHAR(n)/VARCHAR(n) represents letters, not bytes (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6297 <listitem><para>CHAR(), VARCHAR() now reject strings that are too long (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6298 <listitem><para>BIT VARYING now rejects bit strings that are too long (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6299 <listitem><para>BIT now rejects bit strings that do not match declared size (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6300 <listitem><para>INET, CIDR text conversion functions (Alex Pilosov)</para></listitem>
6301 <listitem><para>INET, CIDR operators << and <<= indexable (Alex Pilosov)</para></listitem>
6302 <listitem><para>Bytea \### now requires valid three digit octal number</para></listitem>
6303 <listitem><para>Bytea comparison improvements, now supports =, <>, >, >=, <, and <=</para></listitem>
6304 <listitem><para>Bytea now supports B-tree indexes</para></listitem>
6305 <listitem><para>Bytea now supports LIKE, LIKE...ESCAPE, NOT LIKE, NOT LIKE...ESCAPE</para></listitem>
6306 <listitem><para>Bytea now supports concatenation</para></listitem>
6307 <listitem><para>New bytea functions: position, substring, trim, btrim, and length</para></listitem>
6308 <listitem><para>New encode() function mode, "escaped", converts minimally escaped bytea to/from text</para></listitem>
6309 <listitem><para>Add pg_database_encoding_max_length() (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6310 <listitem><para>Add pg_client_encoding() function (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6311 <listitem><para>now() returns time with millisecond precision (Thomas)</para></listitem>
6312 <listitem><para>New TIMESTAMP WITHOUT TIMEZONE data type (Thomas)</para></listitem>
6313 <listitem><para>Add ISO date/time specification with "T", yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss (Thomas)</para></listitem>
6314 <listitem><para>New xid/int comparison functions (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
6315 <listitem><para>Add precision to TIME, TIMESTAMP, and INTERVAL data types (Thomas)</para></listitem>
6316 <listitem><para>Modify type coercion logic to attempt binary-compatible functions first (Tom)</para></listitem>
6317 <listitem><para>New encode() function installed by default (Marko Kreen)</para></listitem>
6318 <listitem><para>Improved to_*() conversion functions (Karel Zak)</para></listitem>
6319 <listitem><para>Optimize LIKE/ILIKE when using single-byte encodings (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6320 <listitem><para>New functions in contrib/pgcrypto: crypt(), hmac(), encrypt(), gen_salt() (Marko Kreen)</para></listitem>
6321 <listitem><para>Correct description of translate() function (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6322 <listitem><para>Add INTERVAL argument for SET TIME ZONE (Thomas)</para></listitem>
6323 <listitem><para>Add INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH (etc.) syntax (Thomas)</para></listitem>
6324 <listitem><para>Optimize length functions when using single-byte encodings (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6325 <listitem><para>Fix path_inter, path_distance, path_length, dist_ppath to handle closed paths (Curtis Barrett, Tom)</para></listitem>
6326 <listitem><para>octet_length(text) now returns non-compressed length (Tatsuo, Bruce)</para></listitem>
6327 <listitem><para>Handle "July" full name in date/time literals (Greg Sabino Mullane)</para></listitem>
6328 <listitem><para>Some datatype() function calls now evaluated differently</para></listitem>
6329 <listitem><para>Add support for Julian and ISO time specifications (Thomas)</para></listitem>
6334 <title>Internationalization</title>
6336 <listitem><para>National language support in psql, <application>pg_dump</>, libpq, and server (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6337 <listitem><para>Message translations in Chinese (simplified, traditional), Czech, French, German, Hungarian, Russian, Swedish (Peter E, Serguei A. Mokhov, Karel Zak, Weiping He, Zhenbang Wei, Kovacs Zoltan)</para></listitem>
6338 <listitem><para>Make trim, ltrim, rtrim, btrim, lpad, rpad, translate multibyte aware (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6339 <listitem><para>Add LATIN5,6,7,8,9,10 support (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6340 <listitem><para>Add ISO 8859-5,6,7,8 support (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6341 <listitem><para>Correct LATIN5 to mean ISO-8859-9, not ISO-8859-5 (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6342 <listitem><para>Make mic2ascii() non-ASCII aware (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6343 <listitem><para>Reject invalid multibyte character sequences (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6348 <title><application>PL/pgSQL</></title>
6350 <listitem><para>Now uses portals for SELECT loops, allowing huge result sets (Jan)</para></listitem>
6351 <listitem><para>CURSOR and REFCURSOR support (Jan)</para></listitem>
6352 <listitem><para>Can now return open cursors (Jan)</para></listitem>
6353 <listitem><para>Add ELSEIF (Klaus Reger)</para></listitem>
6354 <listitem><para>Improve PL/pgSQL error reporting, including location of error (Tom)</para></listitem>
6355 <listitem><para>Allow IS or FOR key words in cursor declaration, for compatibility (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6356 <listitem><para>Fix for SELECT ... FOR UPDATE (Tom)</para></listitem>
6357 <listitem><para>Fix for PERFORM returning multiple rows (Tom)</para></listitem>
6358 <listitem><para>Make PL/pgSQL use the server's type coercion code (Tom)</para></listitem>
6359 <listitem><para>Memory leak fix (Jan, Tom)</para></listitem>
6360 <listitem><para>Make trailing semicolon optional (Tom)</para></listitem>
6365 <title>PL/Perl</title>
6367 <listitem><para>New untrusted PL/Perl (Alex Pilosov)</para></listitem>
6368 <listitem><para>PL/Perl is now built on some platforms even if libperl is not shared (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6373 <title>PL/Tcl</title>
6375 <listitem><para>Now reports errorInfo (Vsevolod Lobko)</para></listitem>
6376 <listitem><para>Add spi_lastoid function (bob@redivi.com)</para></listitem>
6381 <title>PL/Python</title>
6383 <listitem><para>...is new (Andrew Bosma)</para></listitem>
6388 <title><application>psql</></title>
6390 <listitem><para>\d displays indexes in unique, primary groupings (Christopher Kings-Lynne)</para></listitem>
6391 <listitem><para>Allow trailing semicolons in backslash commands (Greg Sabino Mullane)</para></listitem>
6392 <listitem><para>Read password from /dev/tty if possible</para></listitem>
6393 <listitem><para>Force new password prompt when changing user and database (Tatsuo, Tom)</para></listitem>
6394 <listitem><para>Format the correct number of columns for Unicode (Patrice)</para></listitem>
6399 <title><application>libpq</></title>
6401 <listitem><para>New function PQescapeString() to escape quotes in command strings (Florian Weimer)</para></listitem>
6402 <listitem><para>New function PQescapeBytea() escapes binary strings for use as SQL string literals</para></listitem>
6409 <listitem><para>Return OID of INSERT (Ken K)</para></listitem>
6410 <listitem><para>Handle more data types (Ken K)</para></listitem>
6411 <listitem><para>Handle single quotes and newlines in strings (Ken K)</para></listitem>
6412 <listitem><para>Handle NULL variables (Ken K)</para></listitem>
6413 <listitem><para>Fix for time zone handling (Barry Lind)</para></listitem>
6414 <listitem><para>Improved Druid support</para></listitem>
6415 <listitem><para>Allow eight-bit characters with non-multibyte server (Barry Lind)</para></listitem>
6416 <listitem><para>Support BIT, BINARY types (Ned Wolpert)</para></listitem>
6417 <listitem><para>Reduce memory usage (Michael Stephens, Dave Cramer)</para></listitem>
6418 <listitem><para>Update DatabaseMetaData (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6419 <listitem><para>Add DatabaseMetaData.getCatalogs() (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6420 <listitem><para>Encoding fixes (Anders Bengtsson)</para></listitem>
6421 <listitem><para>Get/setCatalog methods (Jason Davies)</para></listitem>
6422 <listitem><para>DatabaseMetaData.getColumns() now returns column defaults (Jason Davies)</para></listitem>
6423 <listitem><para>DatabaseMetaData.getColumns() performance improvement (Jeroen van Vianen)</para></listitem>
6424 <listitem><para>Some JDBC1 and JDBC2 merging (Anders Bengtsson)</para></listitem>
6425 <listitem><para>Transaction performance improvements (Barry Lind)</para></listitem>
6426 <listitem><para>Array fixes (Greg Zoller)</para></listitem>
6427 <listitem><para>Serialize addition </para></listitem>
6428 <listitem><para>Fix batch processing (Rene Pijlman)</para></listitem>
6429 <listitem><para>ExecSQL method reorganization (Anders Bengtsson)</para></listitem>
6430 <listitem><para>GetColumn() fixes (Jeroen van Vianen)</para></listitem>
6431 <listitem><para>Fix isWriteable() function (Rene Pijlman)</para></listitem>
6432 <listitem><para>Improved passage of JDBC2 conformance tests (Rene Pijlman)</para></listitem>
6433 <listitem><para>Add bytea type capability (Barry Lind)</para></listitem>
6434 <listitem><para>Add isNullable() (Rene Pijlman)</para></listitem>
6435 <listitem><para>JDBC date/time test suite fixes (Liam Stewart)</para></listitem>
6436 <listitem><para>Fix for SELECT 'id' AS xxx FROM table (Dave Cramer)</para></listitem>
6437 <listitem><para>Fix DatabaseMetaData to show precision properly (Mark Lillywhite)</para></listitem>
6438 <listitem><para>New getImported/getExported keys (Jason Davies)</para></listitem>
6439 <listitem><para>MD5 password encryption support (Jeremy Wohl)</para></listitem>
6440 <listitem><para>Fix to actually use type cache (Ned Wolpert)</para></listitem>
6447 <listitem><para>Remove query size limit (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
6448 <listitem><para>Remove text field size limit (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
6449 <listitem><para>Fix for SQLPrimaryKeys in multibyte mode (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
6450 <listitem><para>Allow ODBC procedure calls (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
6451 <listitem><para>Improve boolean handing (Aidan Mountford)</para></listitem>
6452 <listitem><para>Most configuration options now settable via DSN (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
6453 <listitem><para>Multibyte, performance fixes (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
6454 <listitem><para>Allow driver to be used with iODBC or unixODBC (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6455 <listitem><para>MD5 password encryption support (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6456 <listitem><para>Add more compatibility functions to odbc.sql (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6461 <title><application>ECPG</></title>
6463 <listitem><para>EXECUTE ... INTO implemented (Christof Petig)</para></listitem>
6464 <listitem><para>Multiple row descriptor support (e.g. CARDINALITY) (Christof Petig)</para></listitem>
6465 <listitem><para>Fix for GRANT parameters (Lee Kindness)</para></listitem>
6466 <listitem><para>Fix INITIALLY DEFERRED bug</para></listitem>
6467 <listitem><para>Various bug fixes (Michael, Christof Petig)</para></listitem>
6468 <listitem><para>Auto allocation for indicator variable arrays (int *ind_p=NULL)</para></listitem>
6469 <listitem><para>Auto allocation for string arrays (char **foo_pp=NULL)</para></listitem>
6470 <listitem><para>ECPGfree_auto_mem fixed</para></listitem>
6471 <listitem><para>All function names with external linkage are now prefixed by ECPG</para></listitem>
6472 <listitem><para>Fixes for arrays of structures (Michael)</para></listitem>
6477 <title>Misc. Interfaces</title>
6479 <listitem><para>Python fix fetchone() (Gerhard Haring)</para></listitem>
6480 <listitem><para>Use UTF, Unicode in Tcl where appropriate (Vsevolod Lobko, Reinhard Max)</para></listitem>
6481 <listitem><para>Add Tcl COPY TO/FROM (ljb)</para></listitem>
6482 <listitem><para>Prevent output of default index op class in <application>pg_dump</> (Tom)</para></listitem>
6483 <listitem><para>Fix libpgeasy memory leak (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6488 <title>Build and Install</title>
6490 <listitem><para>Configure, dynamic loader, and shared library fixes (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6491 <listitem><para>Fixes in QNX 4 port (Bernd Tegge)</para></listitem>
6492 <listitem><para>Fixes in Cygwin and Windows ports (Jason Tishler, Gerhard Haring, Dmitry Yurtaev, Darko Prenosil, Mikhail Terekhov)</para></listitem>
6493 <listitem><para>Fix for Windows socket communication failures (Magnus, Mikhail Terekhov)</para></listitem>
6494 <listitem><para>Hurd compile fix (Oliver Elphick)</para></listitem>
6495 <listitem><para>BeOS fixes (Cyril Velter)</para></listitem>
6496 <listitem><para>Remove configure --enable-unicode-conversion, now enabled by multibyte (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6497 <listitem><para>AIX fixes (Tatsuo, Andreas)</para></listitem>
6498 <listitem><para>Fix parallel make (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6499 <listitem><para>Install SQL language manual pages into OS-specific directories (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6500 <listitem><para>Rename config.h to pg_config.h (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6501 <listitem><para>Reorganize installation layout of header files (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6506 <title>Source Code</title>
6508 <listitem><para>Remove SEP_CHAR (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6509 <listitem><para>New GUC hooks (Tom)</para></listitem>
6510 <listitem><para>Merge GUC and command line handling (Marko Kreen)</para></listitem>
6511 <listitem><para>Remove EXTEND INDEX (Martijn van Oosterhout, Tom)</para></listitem>
6512 <listitem><para>New pgjindent utility to indent java code (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6513 <listitem><para>Remove define of true/false when compiling under C++ (Leandro Fanzone, Tom)</para></listitem>
6514 <listitem><para>pgindent fixes (Bruce, Tom)</para></listitem>
6515 <listitem><para>Replace strcasecmp() with strcmp() where appropriate (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6516 <listitem><para>Dynahash portability improvements (Tom)</para></listitem>
6517 <listitem><para>Add 'volatile' usage in spinlock structures</para></listitem>
6518 <listitem><para>Improve signal handling logic (Tom)</para></listitem>
6523 <title>Contrib</title>
6525 <listitem><para>New contrib/rtree_gist (Oleg Bartunov, Teodor Sigaev)</para></listitem>
6526 <listitem><para>New contrib/tsearch full-text indexing (Oleg, Teodor Sigaev)</para></listitem>
6527 <listitem><para>Add contrib/dblink for remote database access (Joe Conway)</para></listitem>
6528 <listitem><para>contrib/ora2pg Oracle conversion utility (Gilles Darold)</para></listitem>
6529 <listitem><para>contrib/xml XML conversion utility (John Gray)</para></listitem>
6530 <listitem><para>contrib/fulltextindex fixes (Christopher Kings-Lynne)</para></listitem>
6531 <listitem><para>New contrib/fuzzystrmatch with levenshtein and metaphone, soundex merged (Joe Conway)</para></listitem>
6532 <listitem><para>Add contrib/intarray boolean queries, binary search, fixes (Oleg Bartunov)</para></listitem>
6533 <listitem><para>New pg_upgrade utility (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6534 <listitem><para>Add new pg_resetxlog options (Bruce, Tom)</para></listitem>
6541 <sect1 id="release-7-1-3">
6542 <title>Release 7.1.3</title>
6545 <title>Release date</title>
6546 <simpara>2001-08-15</simpara>
6550 <title>Migration to version 7.1.3</title>
6553 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
6559 <title>Changes</title>
6563 Remove unused WAL segements of large transactions (Tom)
6564 Multiaction rule fix (Tom)
6565 PL/pgSQL memory allocation fix (Jan)
6566 VACUUM buffer fix (Tom)
6567 Regression test fixes (Tom)
6568 pg_dump fixes for GRANT/REVOKE/comments on views, user-defined types (Tom)
6569 Fix subselects with DISTINCT ON or LIMIT (Tom)
6571 Disable COPY TO/FROM a view (Tom)
6572 Cygwin build (Jason Tishler)
6579 <sect1 id="release-7-1-2">
6580 <title>Release 7.1.2</title>
6583 <title>Release date</title>
6584 <simpara>2001-05-11</simpara>
6588 This has one fix from 7.1.1.
6593 <title>Migration to version 7.1.2</title>
6596 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
6602 <title>Changes</title>
6606 Fix PL/pgSQL SELECTs when returning no rows
6607 Fix for psql backslash core dump
6608 Referential integrity privilege fix
6617 <sect1 id="release-7-1-1">
6618 <title>Release 7.1.1</title>
6621 <title>Release date</title>
6622 <simpara>2001-05-05</simpara>
6626 This has a variety of fixes from 7.1.
6631 <title>Migration to version 7.1.1</title>
6634 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
6640 <title>Changes</title>
6644 Fix for numeric MODULO operator (Tom)
6645 pg_dump fixes (Philip)
6646 pg_dump can dump 7.0 databases (Philip)
6647 readline 4.2 fixes (Peter E)
6649 AIX, MSWIN, VAX, N32K fixes (Tom)
6650 Multibytes fixes (Tom)
6651 Unicode fixes (Tatsuo)
6652 Optimizer improvements (Tom)
6653 Fix for whole rows in functions (Tom)
6654 Fix for pg_ctl and option strings with spaces (Peter E)
6655 ODBC fixes (Hiroshi)
6656 EXTRACT can now take string argument (Thomas)
6657 Python fixes (Darcy)
6664 <sect1 id="release-7-1">
6665 <title>Release 7.1</title>
6668 <title>Release date</title>
6669 <simpara>2001-04-13</simpara>
6673 This release focuses on removing limitations that have existed in the
6674 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> code for many years.
6678 Major changes in this release:
6683 Write-ahead Log (WAL)
6687 To maintain database consistency in case of an operating system crash,
6688 previous releases of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> have forced
6689 all data modifications to disk before each transaction commit. With
6690 WAL, only one log file must be flushed to disk, greatly improving
6691 performance. If you have been using -F in previous releases to
6692 disable disk flushes, you may want to consider discontinuing its use.
6703 TOAST - Previous releases had a compiled-in row length limit,
6704 typically 8k - 32k. This limit made storage of long text fields
6705 difficult. With TOAST, long rows of any length can be stored with good
6717 We now support outer joins. The UNION/NOT IN
6718 workaround for outer joins is no longer required. We use the SQL92
6730 The previous C function manager did not
6731 handle null values properly, nor did it support 64-bit <acronym>CPU</acronym>'s (Alpha). The new
6732 function manager does. You can continue using your old custom
6733 functions, but you may want to rewrite them in the future to use the new
6734 function manager call interface.
6745 A large number of complex queries that were
6746 unsupported in previous releases now work. Many combinations of views,
6747 aggregates, UNION, LIMIT, cursors, subqueries, and inherited tables
6748 now work properly. Inherited tables are now accessed by default.
6749 Subqueries in FROM are now supported.
6758 <title>Migration to version 7.1</title>
6761 A dump/restore using pg_dump is required for those wishing to migrate
6762 data from any previous release.
6767 <title>Changes</title>
6773 Many multibyte/Unicode/locale fixes (Tatsuo and others)
6774 More reliable ALTER TABLE RENAME (Tom)
6775 Kerberos V fixes (David Wragg)
6776 Fix for INSERT INTO...SELECT where targetlist has subqueries (Tom)
6777 Prompt username/password on standard error (Bruce)
6778 Large objects inv_read/inv_write fixes (Tom)
6779 Fixes for to_char(), to_date(), to_ascii(), and to_timestamp() (Karel,
6781 Prevent query expressions from leaking memory (Tom)
6782 Allow UPDATE of arrays elements (Tom)
6783 Wake up lock waiters during cancel (Hiroshi)
6784 Fix rare cursor crash when using hash join (Tom)
6785 Fix for DROP TABLE/INDEX in rolled-back transaction (Hiroshi)
6786 Fix psql crash from \l+ if MULTIBYTE enabled (Peter E)
6787 Fix truncation of rule names during CREATE VIEW (Ross Reedstrom)
6788 Fix PL/perl (Alex Kapranoff)
6789 Disallow LOCK on views (Mark Hollomon)
6790 Disallow INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE on views (Mark Hollomon)
6791 Disallow DROP RULE, CREATE INDEX, TRUNCATE on views (Mark Hollomon)
6792 Allow PL/pgSQL accept non-ASCII identifiers (Tatsuo)
6793 Allow views to proper handle GROUP BY, aggregates, DISTINCT (Tom)
6794 Fix rare failure with TRUNCATE command (Tom)
6795 Allow UNION/INTERSECT/EXCEPT to be used with ALL, subqueries, views,
6796 DISTINCT, ORDER BY, SELECT...INTO (Tom)
6797 Fix parser failures during aborted transactions (Tom)
6798 Allow temporary relations to properly clean up indexes (Bruce)
6799 Fix VACUUM problem with moving rows in same page (Tom)
6800 Modify pg_dump to better handle user-defined items in template1 (Philip)
6801 Allow LIMIT in VIEW (Tom)
6802 Require cursor FETCH to honor LIMIT (Tom)
6803 Allow PRIMARY/FOREIGN Key definitions on inherited columns (Stephan)
6804 Allow ORDER BY, LIMIT in subqueries (Tom)
6805 Allow UNION in CREATE RULE (Tom)
6806 Make ALTER/DROP TABLE rollback-able (Vadim, Tom)
6807 Store initdb collation in pg_control so collation cannot be changed (Tom)
6808 Fix INSERT...SELECT with rules (Tom)
6809 Fix FOR UPDATE inside views and subselects (Tom)
6810 Fix OVERLAPS operators conform to SQL92 spec regarding NULLs (Tom)
6811 Fix lpad() and rpad() to handle length less than input string (Tom)
6812 Fix use of NOTIFY in some rules (Tom)
6813 Overhaul btree code (Tom)
6814 Fix NOT NULL use in Pl/pgSQL variables (Tom)
6815 Overhaul GIST code (Oleg)
6816 Fix CLUSTER to preserve constraints and column default (Tom)
6817 Improved deadlock detection handling (Tom)
6818 Allow multiple SERIAL columns in a table (Tom)
6819 Prevent occasional index corruption (Vadim)
6823 Add OUTER JOINs (Tom)
6824 Function manager overhaul (Tom)
6825 Allow ALTER TABLE RENAME on indexes (Tom)
6826 Improve CLUSTER (Tom)
6827 Improve ps status display for more platforms (Peter E, Marc)
6828 Improve CREATE FUNCTION failure message (Ross)
6829 JDBC improvements (Peter, Travis Bauer, Christopher Cain, William Webber,
6831 Grand Unified Configuration scheme/GUC. Many options can now be set in
6832 data/postgresql.conf, postmaster/postgres flags, or SET commands (Peter E)
6833 Improved handling of file descriptor cache (Tom)
6834 New warning code about auto-created table alias entries (Bruce)
6835 Overhaul initdb process (Tom, Peter E)
6836 Overhaul of inherited tables; inherited tables now accessed by default;
6837 new ONLY key word prevents it (Chris Bitmead, Tom)
6838 ODBC cleanups/improvements (Nick Gorham, Stephan Szabo, Zoltan Kovacs,
6840 Allow renaming of temp tables (Tom)
6841 Overhaul memory manager contexts (Tom)
6842 pg_dumpall uses CREATE USER or CREATE GROUP rather using COPY (Peter E)
6843 Overhaul pg_dump (Philip Warner)
6844 Allow pg_hba.conf secondary password file to specify only username (Peter E)
6845 Allow TEMPORARY or TEMP key word when creating temporary tables (Bruce)
6846 New memory leak checker (Karel)
6847 New SET SESSION CHARACTERISTICS (Thomas)
6848 Allow nested block comments (Thomas)
6849 Add WITHOUT TIME ZONE type qualifier (Thomas)
6850 New ALTER TABLE ADD CONSTRAINT (Stephan)
6851 Use NUMERIC accumulators for INTEGER aggregates (Tom)
6852 Overhaul aggregate code (Tom)
6853 New VARIANCE and STDDEV() aggregates
6854 Improve dependency ordering of pg_dump (Philip)
6855 New pg_restore command (Philip)
6856 New pg_dump tar output option (Philip)
6857 New pg_dump of large objects (Philip)
6858 New ESCAPE option to LIKE (Thomas)
6859 New case-insensitive LIKE - ILIKE (Thomas)
6860 Allow functional indexes to use binary-compatible type (Tom)
6861 Allow SQL functions to be used in more contexts (Tom)
6862 New pg_config utility (Peter E)
6863 New PL/pgSQL EXECUTE command which allows dynamic SQL and utility statements
6865 New PL/pgSQL GET DIAGNOSTICS statement for SPI value access (Jan)
6866 New quote_identifiers() and quote_literal() functions (Jan)
6867 New ALTER TABLE table OWNER TO user command (Mark Hollomon)
6868 Allow subselects in FROM, i.e. FROM (SELECT ...) [AS] alias (Tom)
6869 Update PyGreSQL to version 3.1 (D'Arcy)
6870 Store tables as files named by OID (Vadim)
6871 New SQL function setval(seq,val,bool) for use in pg_dump (Philip)
6872 Require DROP VIEW to remove views, no DROP TABLE (Mark)
6873 Allow DROP VIEW view1, view2 (Mark)
6874 Allow multiple objects in DROP INDEX, DROP RULE, and DROP TYPE (Tom)
6875 Allow automatic conversion to/from Unicode (Tatsuo, Eiji)
6876 New /contrib/pgcrypto hashing functions (Marko Kreen)
6877 New pg_dumpall --globals-only option (Peter E)
6878 New CHECKPOINT command for WAL which creates new WAL log file (Vadim)
6879 New AT TIME ZONE syntax (Thomas)
6880 Allow location of Unix domain socket to be configurable (David J. MacKenzie)
6881 Allow postmaster to listen on a specific IP address (David J. MacKenzie)
6882 Allow socket path name to be specified in hostname by using leading slash
6883 (David J. MacKenzie)
6884 Allow CREATE DATABASE to specify template database (Tom)
6885 New utility to convert MySQL schema dumps to SQL92 and PostgreSQL (Thomas)
6886 New /contrib/rserv replication toolkit (Vadim)
6887 New file format for COPY BINARY (Tom)
6888 New /contrib/oid2name to map numeric files to table names (B Palmer)
6889 New "idle in transaction" ps status message (Marc)
6890 Update to pgaccess 0.98.7 (Constantin Teodorescu)
6891 pg_ctl now defaults to -w (wait) on shutdown, new -l (log) option
6892 Add rudimentary dependency checking to pg_dump (Philip)
6896 Fix INET/CIDR type ordering and add new functions (Tom)
6897 Make OID behave as an unsigned type (Tom)
6898 Allow BIGINT as synonym for INT8 (Peter E)
6899 New int2 and int8 comparison operators (Tom)
6900 New BIT and BIT VARYING types (Adriaan Joubert, Tom, Peter E)
6901 CHAR() no longer faster than VARCHAR() because of TOAST (Tom)
6902 New GIST seg/cube examples (Gene Selkov)
6903 Improved round(numeric) handling (Tom)
6904 Fix CIDR output formatting (Tom)
6905 New CIDR abbrev() function (Tom)
6909 Write-Ahead Log (WAL) to provide crash recovery with less performance
6911 ANALYZE stage of VACUUM no longer exclusively locks table (Bruce)
6912 Reduced file seeks (Denis Perchine)
6913 Improve BTREE code for duplicate keys (Tom)
6914 Store all large objects in a single table (Denis Perchine, Tom)
6915 Improve memory allocation performance (Karel, Tom)
6919 New function manager call conventions (Tom)
6920 SGI portability fixes (David Kaelbling)
6921 New configure --enable-syslog option (Peter E)
6922 New BSDI README (Bruce)
6923 configure script moved to top level, not /src (Peter E)
6924 Makefile/configuration/compilation overhaul (Peter E)
6925 New configure --with-python option (Peter E)
6926 Solaris cleanups (Peter E)
6927 Overhaul /contrib Makefiles (Karel)
6928 New OpenSSL configuration option (Magnus, Peter E)
6930 QNX fixes (Maurizio)
6931 New heap_open(), heap_openr() API (Tom)
6932 Remove colon and semi-colon operators (Thomas)
6933 New pg_class.relkind value for views (Mark Hollomon)
6934 Rename ichar() to chr() (Karel)
6935 New documentation for btrim(), ascii(), chr(), repeat() (Karel)
6936 Fixes for NT/Cygwin (Pete Forman)
6937 AIX port fixes (Andreas)
6938 New BeOS port (David Reid, Cyril Velter)
6939 Add proofreader's changes to docs (Addison-Wesley, Bruce)
6940 New Alpha spinlock code (Adriaan Joubert, Compaq)
6941 UnixWare port overhaul (Peter E)
6942 New Darwin/MacOS X port (Peter Bierman, Bruce Hartzler)
6943 New FreeBSD Alpha port (Alfred)
6944 Overhaul shared memory segments (Tom)
6945 Add IBM S/390 support (Neale Ferguson)
6946 Moved macmanuf to /contrib (Larry Rosenman)
6947 Syslog improvements (Larry Rosenman)
6948 New template0 database that contains no user additions (Tom)
6949 New /contrib/cube and /contrib/seg GIST sample code (Gene Selkov)
6950 Allow NetBSD's libedit instead of readline (Peter)
6951 Improved assembly language source code format (Bruce)
6952 New contrib/pg_logger
6953 New --template option to createdb
6954 New contrib/pg_control utility (Oliver)
6955 New FreeBSD tools ipc_check, start-scripts/freebsd
6962 <sect1 id="release-7-0-3">
6963 <title>Release 7.0.3</title>
6966 <title>Release date</title>
6967 <simpara>2000-11-11</simpara>
6971 This has a variety of fixes from 7.0.2.
6976 <title>Migration to version 7.0.3</title>
6979 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
6985 <title>Changes</title>
6990 Large object fix (Tom)
6991 Fix lean in COPY WITH OIDS leak (Tom)
6992 Fix backwards-index-scan (Tom)
6993 Fix SELECT ... FOR UPDATE so it checks for duplicate keys (Hiroshi)
6994 Add --enable-syslog to configure (Marc)
6995 Fix abort transaction at backend exit in rare cases (Tom)
6996 Fix for psql \l+ when multibyte enabled (Tatsuo)
6997 Allow PL/pgSQL to accept non ascii identifiers (Tatsuo)
6998 Make vacuum always flush buffers (Tom)
6999 Fix to allow cancel while waiting for a lock (Hiroshi)
7000 Fix for memory aloocation problem in user authentication code (Tom)
7001 Remove bogus use of int4out() (Tom)
7002 Fixes for multiple subqueries in COALESCE or BETWEEN (Tom)
7003 Fix for failure of triggers on heap open in certain cases (Jeroen van
7005 Fix for erroneous selectivity of not-equals (Tom)
7006 Fix for erroneous use of strcmp() (Tom)
7007 Fix for bug where storage manager accesses items beyond end of file
7009 Fix to include kernel errno message in all smgr elog messages (Tom)
7010 Fix for '.' not in PATH at build time (SL Baur)
7011 Fix for out-of-file-descriptors error (Tom)
7012 Fix to make pg_dump dump 'iscachable' flag for functions (Tom)
7013 Fix for subselect in targetlist of Append node (Tom)
7014 Fix for mergejoin plans (Tom)
7015 Fix TRUNCATE failure on relations with indexes (Tom)
7016 Avoid database-wide restart on write error (Hiroshi)
7017 Fix nodeMaterial to honor chgParam by recomputing its output (Tom)
7018 Fix VACUUM problem with moving chain of update row versions when source
7019 and destination of a row version lie on the same page (Tom)
7020 Fix user.c CommandCounterIncrement (Tom)
7021 Fix for AM/PM boundary problem in to_char() (Karel Zak)
7022 Fix TIME aggregate handling (Tom)
7023 Fix to_char() to avoid coredump on NULL input (Tom)
7025 Fix for inserting/copying longer multibyte strings into char() data
7027 Fix for crash of backend, on abort (Tom)
7034 <sect1 id="release-7-0-2">
7035 <title>Release 7.0.2</title>
7038 <title>Release date</title>
7039 <simpara>2000-06-05</simpara>
7043 This is a repackaging of 7.0.1 with added documentation.
7048 <title>Migration to version 7.0.2</title>
7051 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
7057 <title>Changes</title>
7061 Added documentation to tarball.
7068 <sect1 id="release-7-0-1">
7069 <title>Release 7.0.1</title>
7072 <title>Release date</title>
7073 <simpara>2000-06-01</simpara>
7077 This is a cleanup release for 7.0.
7081 <title>Migration to version 7.0.1</title>
7084 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
7090 <title>Changes</title>
7094 Fix many CLUSTER failures (Tom)
7095 Allow ALTER TABLE RENAME works on indexes (Tom)
7096 Fix plpgsql to handle datetime->timestamp and timespan->interval (Bruce)
7097 New configure --with-setproctitle switch to use setproctitle() (Marc, Bruce)
7098 Fix the off by one errors in ResultSet from 6.5.3, and more.
7099 jdbc ResultSet fixes (Joseph Shraibman)
7100 optimizer tunings (Tom)
7101 Fix create user for pgaccess
7102 Fix for UNLISTEN failure
7103 IRIX fixes (David Kaelbling)
7104 QNX fixes (Andreas Kardos)
7105 Reduce COPY IN lock level (Tom)
7106 Change libpqeasy to use PQconnectdb() style parameters (Bruce)
7107 Fix pg_dump to handle OID indexes (Tom)
7108 Fix small memory leak (Tom)
7109 Solaris fix for createdb/dropdb (Tatsuo)
7110 Fix for non-blocking connections (Alfred Perlstein)
7111 Fix improper recovery after RENAME TABLE failures (Tom)
7112 Copy pg_ident.conf.sample into /lib directory in install (Bruce)
7113 Add SJIS UDC (NEC selection IBM kanji) support (Eiji Tokuya)
7114 Fix too long syslog message (Tatsuo)
7115 Fix problem with quoted indexes that are too long (Tom)
7116 JDBC ResultSet.getTimestamp() fix (Gregory Krasnow & Floyd Marinescu)
7117 ecpg changes (Michael)
7123 <sect1 id="release-7-0">
7124 <title>Release 7.0</title>
7127 <title>Release date</title>
7128 <simpara>2000-05-08</simpara>
7132 This release contains improvements in many areas, demonstrating
7133 the continued growth of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
7134 There are more improvements and fixes in 7.0 than in any previous
7135 release. The developers have confidence that this is the best
7136 release yet; we do our best to put out only solid releases, and
7137 this one is no exception.
7141 Major changes in this release:
7150 Foreign keys are now implemented, with the exception of PARTIAL MATCH
7151 foreign keys. Many users have been asking for this feature, and we are
7152 pleased to offer it.
7163 Continuing on work started a year ago, the optimizer has been
7164 improved, allowing better query plan selection and faster performance
7165 with less memory usage.
7172 Updated <application>psql</application>
7176 <application>psql</application>, our interactive terminal monitor, has been
7177 updated with a variety of new features. See the <application>psql</application> manual page for details.
7188 SQL92 join syntax is now supported, though only as
7189 <literal>INNER JOIN</> for this release. <literal>JOIN</>,
7190 <literal>NATURAL JOIN</>, <literal>JOIN</>/<literal>USING</>,
7191 and <literal>JOIN</>/<literal>ON</> are available, as are
7192 column correlation names.
7200 <title>Migration to version 7.0</title>
7203 A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application>
7204 is required for those wishing to migrate data from any
7205 previous release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
7206 For those upgrading from 6.5.*, you may instead use
7207 <application>pg_upgrade</application> to upgrade to this
7208 release; however, a full dump/reload installation is always the
7209 most robust method for upgrades.
7213 Interface and compatibility issues to consider for the new
7219 The date/time types <type>datetime</type> and
7220 <type>timespan</type> have been superseded by the
7221 SQL92-defined types <type>timestamp</type> and
7222 <type>interval</type>. Although there has been some effort to
7223 ease the transition by allowing
7224 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> to recognize
7225 the deprecated type names and translate them to the new type
7226 names, this mechanism may not be completely transparent to
7227 your existing application.
7233 The optimizer has been substantially improved in the area of
7234 query cost estimation. In some cases, this will result in
7235 decreased query times as the optimizer makes a better choice
7236 for the preferred plan. However, in a small number of cases,
7237 usually involving pathological distributions of data, your
7238 query times may go up. If you are dealing with large amounts
7239 of data, you may want to check your queries to verify
7246 The <acronym>JDBC</acronym> and <acronym>ODBC</acronym>
7247 interfaces have been upgraded and extended.
7253 The string function <function>CHAR_LENGTH</function> is now a
7254 native function. Previous versions translated this into a call
7255 to <function>LENGTH</function>, which could result in
7256 ambiguity with other types implementing
7257 <function>LENGTH</function> such as the geometric types.
7266 <title>Changes</title>
7272 Prevent function calls exceeding maximum number of arguments (Tom)
7273 Improve CASE construct (Tom)
7274 Fix SELECT coalesce(f1,0) FROM int4_tbl GROUP BY f1 (Tom)
7275 Fix SELECT sentence.words[0] FROM sentence GROUP BY sentence.words[0] (Tom)
7276 Fix GROUP BY scan bug (Tom)
7277 Improvements in SQL grammar processing (Tom)
7278 Fix for views involved in INSERT ... SELECT ... (Tom)
7279 Fix for SELECT a/2, a/2 FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY a/2 (Tom)
7280 Fix for subselects in INSERT ... SELECT (Tom)
7281 Prevent INSERT ... SELECT ... ORDER BY (Tom)
7282 Fixes for relations greater than 2GB, including vacuum
7283 Improve propagating system table changes to other backends (Tom)
7284 Improve propagating user table changes to other backends (Tom)
7285 Fix handling of temp tables in complex situations (Bruce, Tom)
7286 Allow table locking at table open, improving concurrent reliability (Tom)
7287 Properly quote sequence names in pg_dump (Ross J. Reedstrom)
7288 Prevent DROP DATABASE while others accessing
7289 Prevent any rows from being returned by GROUP BY if no rows processed (Tom)
7290 Fix SELECT COUNT(1) FROM table WHERE ...' if no rows matching WHERE (Tom)
7291 Fix pg_upgrade so it works for MVCC (Tom)
7292 Fix for SELECT ... WHERE x IN (SELECT ... HAVING SUM(x) > 1) (Tom)
7293 Fix for "f1 datetime DEFAULT 'now'" (Tom)
7294 Fix problems with CURRENT_DATE used in DEFAULT (Tom)
7295 Allow comment-only lines, and ;;; lines too. (Tom)
7296 Improve recovery after failed disk writes, disk full (Hiroshi)
7297 Fix cases where table is mentioned in FROM but not joined (Tom)
7298 Allow HAVING clause without aggregate functions (Tom)
7299 Fix for "--" comment and no trailing newline, as seen in perl interface
7300 Improve pg_dump failure error reports (Bruce)
7301 Allow sorts and hashes to exceed 2GB file sizes (Tom)
7302 Fix for pg_dump dumping of inherited rules (Tom)
7303 Fix for NULL handling comparisons (Tom)
7304 Fix inconsistent state caused by failed CREATE/DROP commands (Hiroshi)
7305 Fix for dbname with dash
7306 Prevent DROP INDEX from interfering with other backends (Tom)
7307 Fix file descriptor leak in verify_password()
7308 Fix for "Unable to identify an operator =$" problem
7309 Fix ODBC so no segfault if CommLog and Debug enabled (Dirk Niggemann)
7310 Fix for recursive exit call (Massimo)
7311 Fix for extra-long timezones (Jeroen van Vianen)
7312 Make pg_dump preserve primary key information (Peter E)
7313 Prevent databases with single quotes (Peter E)
7314 Prevent DROP DATABASE inside transaction (Peter E)
7315 ecpg memory leak fixes (Stephen Birch)
7316 Fix for SELECT null::text, SELECT int4fac(null) and SELECT 2 + (null) (Tom)
7317 Y2K timestamp fix (Massimo)
7318 Fix for VACUUM 'HEAP_MOVED_IN was not expected' errors (Tom)
7319 Fix for views with tables/columns containing spaces (Tom)
7320 Prevent privileges on indexes (Peter E)
7321 Fix for spinlock stuck problem when error is generated (Hiroshi)
7322 Fix ipcclean on Linux
7323 Fix handling of NULL constraint conditions (Tom)
7324 Fix memory leak in odbc driver (Nick Gorham)
7325 Fix for privilege check on UNION tables (Tom)
7326 Fix to allow SELECT 'a' LIKE 'a' (Tom)
7327 Fix for SELECT 1 + NULL (Tom)
7329 Fix log() on numeric type (Tom)
7330 Deprecate ':' and ';' operators
7331 Allow vacuum of temporary tables
7332 Disallow inherited columns with the same name as new columns
7333 Recover or force failure when disk space is exhausted (Hiroshi)
7334 Fix INSERT INTO ... SELECT with AS columns matching result columns
7335 Fix INSERT ... SELECT ... GROUP BY groups by target columns not source columns (Tom)
7336 Fix CREATE TABLE test (a char(5) DEFAULT text '', b int4) with INSERT (Tom)
7337 Fix UNION with LIMIT
7338 Fix CREATE TABLE x AS SELECT 1 UNION SELECT 2
7339 Fix CREATE TABLE test(col char(2) DEFAULT user)
7340 Fix mismatched types in CREATE TABLE ... DEFAULT
7341 Fix SELECT * FROM pg_class where oid in (0,-1)
7342 Fix SELECT COUNT('asdf') FROM pg_class WHERE oid=12
7343 Prevent user who can create databases can modifying pg_database table (Peter E)
7344 Fix btree to give a useful elog when key > 1/2 (page - overhead) (Tom)
7345 Fix INSERT of 0.0 into DECIMAL(4,4) field (Tom)
7349 New CLI interface include file sqlcli.h, based on SQL3/SQL98
7350 Remove all limits on query length, row length limit still exists (Tom)
7351 Update jdbc protocol to 2.0 (Jens Glaser <email>jens@jens.de</email>)
7352 Add TRUNCATE command to quickly truncate relation (Mike Mascari)
7353 Fix to give super user and createdb user proper update catalog rights (Peter E)
7354 Allow ecpg bool variables to have NULL values (Christof)
7355 Issue ecpg error if NULL value for variable with no NULL indicator (Christof)
7356 Allow ^C to cancel COPY command (Massimo)
7357 Add SET FSYNC and SHOW PG_OPTIONS commands(Massimo)
7358 Function name overloading for dynamically-loaded C functions (Frankpitt)
7359 Add CmdTuples() to libpq++(Vince)
7360 New CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER and SET CONSTRAINTS commands(Jan)
7361 Allow CREATE FUNCTION/WITH clause to be used for all language types
7362 configure --enable-debug adds -g (Peter E)
7363 configure --disable-debug removes -g (Peter E)
7364 Allow more complex default expressions (Tom)
7365 First real FOREIGN KEY constraint trigger functionality (Jan)
7366 Add FOREIGN KEY ... MATCH FULL ... ON DELETE CASCADE (Jan)
7367 Add FOREIGN KEY ... MATCH <unspecified> referential actions (Don Baccus)
7368 Allow WHERE restriction on ctid (physical heap location) (Hiroshi)
7369 Move pginterface from contrib to interface directory, rename to pgeasy (Bruce)
7370 Change pgeasy connectdb() parameter ordering (Bruce)
7371 Require SELECT DISTINCT target list to have all ORDER BY columns (Tom)
7372 Add Oracle's COMMENT ON command (Mike Mascari <email>mascarim@yahoo.com</email>)
7373 libpq's PQsetNoticeProcessor function now returns previous hook(Peter E)
7374 Prevent PQsetNoticeProcessor from being set to NULL (Peter E)
7375 Make USING in COPY optional (Bruce)
7376 Allow subselects in the target list (Tom)
7377 Allow subselects on the left side of comparison operators (Tom)
7378 New parallel regression test (Jan)
7379 Change backend-side COPY to write files with permissions 644 not 666 (Tom)
7380 Force permissions on PGDATA directory to be secure, even if it exists (Tom)
7381 Added psql LASTOID variable to return last inserted oid (Peter E)
7382 Allow concurrent vacuum and remove pg_vlock vacuum lock file (Tom)
7383 Add privilege check for vacuum (Peter E)
7384 New libpq functions to allow asynchronous connections: PQconnectStart(),
7385 PQconnectPoll(), PQresetStart(), PQresetPoll(), PQsetenvStart(),
7386 PQsetenvPoll(), PQsetenvAbort (Ewan Mellor)
7387 New libpq PQsetenv() function (Ewan Mellor)
7388 create/alter user extension (Peter E)
7389 New postmaster.pid and postmaster.opts under $PGDATA (Tatsuo)
7390 New scripts for create/drop user/db (Peter E)
7391 Major psql overhaul (Peter E)
7392 Add const to libpq interface (Peter E)
7393 New libpq function PQoidValue (Peter E)
7394 Show specific non-aggregate causing problem with GROUP BY (Tom)
7395 Make changes to pg_shadow recreate pg_pwd file (Peter E)
7396 Add aggregate(DISTINCT ...) (Tom)
7397 Allow flag to control COPY input/output of NULLs (Peter E)
7398 Make postgres user have a password by default (Peter E)
7399 Add CREATE/ALTER/DROP GROUP (Peter E)
7400 All administration scripts now support --long options (Peter E, Karel)
7401 Vacuumdb script now supports --all option (Peter E)
7402 ecpg new portable FETCH syntax
7403 Add ecpg EXEC SQL IFDEF, EXEC SQL IFNDEF, EXEC SQL ELSE, EXEC SQL ELIF
7404 and EXEC SQL ENDIF directives
7405 Add pg_ctl script to control backend start-up (Tatsuo)
7406 Add postmaster.opts.default file to store start-up flags (Tatsuo)
7407 Allow --with-mb=SQL_ASCII
7408 Increase maximum number of index keys to 16 (Bruce)
7409 Increase maximum number of function arguments to 16 (Bruce)
7410 Allow configuration of maximum number of index keys and arguments (Bruce)
7411 Allow unprivileged users to change their passwords (Peter E)
7412 Password authentication enabled; required for new users (Peter E)
7413 Disallow dropping a user who owns a database (Peter E)
7414 Change initdb option --with-mb to --enable-multibyte
7415 Add option for initdb to prompts for superuser password (Peter E)
7416 Allow complex type casts like col::numeric(9,2) and col::int2::float8 (Tom)
7417 Updated user interfaces on initdb, initlocation, pg_dump, ipcclean (Peter E)
7418 New pg_char_to_encoding() and pg_encoding_to_char() functions (Tatsuo)
7419 libpq non-blocking mode (Alfred Perlstein)
7420 Improve conversion of types in casts that don't specify a length
7421 New plperl internal programming language (Mark Hollomon)
7422 Allow COPY IN to read file that do not end with a newline (Tom)
7423 Indicate when long identifiers are truncated (Tom)
7424 Allow aggregates to use type equivalency (Peter E)
7425 Add Oracle's to_char(), to_date(), to_datetime(), to_timestamp(), to_number()
7426 conversion functions (Karel Zak <zakkr@zf.jcu.cz>)
7427 Add SELECT DISTINCT ON (expr [, expr ...]) targetlist ... (Tom)
7428 Check to be sure ORDER BY is compatible with the DISTINCT operation (Tom)
7429 Add NUMERIC and int8 types to ODBC
7430 Improve EXPLAIN results for Append, Group, Agg, Unique (Tom)
7431 Add ALTER TABLE ... ADD FOREIGN KEY (Stephan Szabo)
7432 Allow SELECT .. FOR UPDATE in PL/pgSQL (Hiroshi)
7433 Enable backward sequential scan even after reaching EOF (Hiroshi)
7434 Add btree indexing of boolean values, >= and <= (Don Baccus)
7435 Print current line number when COPY FROM fails (Massimo)
7436 Recognize POSIX time zone e.g. "PST+8" and "GMT-8" (Thomas)
7437 Add DEC as synonym for DECIMAL (Thomas)
7438 Add SESSION_USER as SQL92 key word, same as CURRENT_USER (Thomas)
7439 Implement SQL92 column aliases (aka correlation names) (Thomas)
7440 Implement SQL92 join syntax (Thomas)
7441 Make INTERVAL reserved word allowed as a column identifier (Thomas)
7442 Implement REINDEX command (Hiroshi)
7443 Accept ALL in aggregate function SUM(ALL col) (Tom)
7444 Prevent GROUP BY from using column aliases (Tom)
7445 New psql \encoding option (Tatsuo)
7446 Allow PQrequestCancel() to terminate when in waiting-for-lock state (Hiroshi)
7447 Allow negation of a negative number in all cases
7448 Add ecpg descriptors (Christof, Michael)
7449 Allow CREATE VIEW v AS SELECT f1::char(8) FROM tbl
7450 Allow casts with length, like foo::char(8)
7451 New libpq functions PQsetClientEncoding(), PQclientEncoding() (Tatsuo)
7452 Add support for SJIS user defined characters (Tatsuo)
7453 Larger views/rules supported
7454 Make libpq's PQconndefaults() thread-safe (Tom)
7455 Disable // as comment to be ANSI conforming, should use -- (Tom)
7456 Allow column aliases on views CREATE VIEW name (collist)
7457 Fixes for views with subqueries (Tom)
7458 Allow UPDATE table SET fld = (SELECT ...) (Tom)
7459 SET command options no longer require quotes
7460 Update pgaccess to 0.98.6
7461 New SET SEED command
7462 New pg_options.sample file
7463 New SET FSYNC command (Massimo)
7464 Allow pg_descriptions when creating tables
7465 Allow pg_descriptions when creating types, columns, and functions
7466 Allow psql \copy to allow delimiters (Peter E)
7467 Allow psql to print nulls as distinct from "" [null] (Peter E)
7471 Many array fixes (Tom)
7472 Allow bare column names to be subscripted as arrays (Tom)
7473 Improve type casting of int and float constants (Tom)
7474 Cleanups for int8 inputs, range checking, and type conversion (Tom)
7475 Fix for SELECT timespan('21:11:26'::time) (Tom)
7476 netmask('x.x.x.x/0') is 255.255.255.255 instead of 0.0.0.0 (Oleg Sharoiko)
7477 Add btree index on NUMERIC (Jan)
7478 Perl fix for large objects containing NUL characters (Douglas Thomson)
7479 ODBC fix for for large objects (free)
7480 Fix indexing of cidr data type
7481 Fix for Ethernet MAC addresses (macaddr type) comparisons
7482 Fix for date/time types when overflows happened in computations (Tom)
7483 Allow array on int8 (Peter E)
7484 Fix for rounding/overflow of NUMERIC type, like NUMERIC(4,4) (Tom)
7485 Allow NUMERIC arrays
7486 Fix bugs in NUMERIC ceil() and floor() functions (Tom)
7487 Make char_length()/octet_length including trailing blanks (Tom)
7488 Made abstime/reltime use int4 instead of time_t (Peter E)
7489 New lztext data type for compressed text fields
7490 Revise code to handle coercion of int and float constants (Tom)
7491 Start at new code to implement a BIT and BIT VARYING type (Adriaan Joubert)
7492 NUMERIC now accepts scientific notation (Tom)
7493 NUMERIC to int4 rounds (Tom)
7494 Convert float4/8 to NUMERIC properly (Tom)
7495 Allow type conversion with NUMERIC (Thomas)
7496 Make ISO date style (2000-02-16 09:33) the default (Thomas)
7497 Add NATIONAL CHAR [ VARYING ] (Thomas)
7498 Allow NUMERIC round and trunc to accept negative scales (Tom)
7499 New TIME WITH TIME ZONE type (Thomas)
7500 Add MAX()/MIN() on time type (Thomas)
7501 Add abs(), mod(), fac() for int8 (Thomas)
7502 Rename functions to round(), sqrt(), cbrt(), pow() for float8 (Thomas)
7503 Add transcendental math functions (e.g. sin(), acos()) for float8 (Thomas)
7504 Add exp() and ln() for NUMERIC type
7505 Rename NUMERIC power() to pow() (Thomas)
7506 Improved TRANSLATE() function (Edwin Ramirez, Tom)
7507 Allow X=-Y operators (Tom)
7508 Allow SELECT float8(COUNT(*))/(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM t) FROM t GROUP BY f1; (Tom)
7509 Allow LOCALE to use indexes in regular expression searches (Tom)
7510 Allow creation of functional indexes to use default types
7514 Prevent exponential space consumption with many AND's and OR's (Tom)
7515 Collect attribute selectivity values for system columns (Tom)
7516 Reduce memory usage of aggregates (Tom)
7517 Fix for LIKE optimization to use indexes with multibyte encodings (Tom)
7518 Fix r-tree index optimizer selectivity (Thomas)
7519 Improve optimizer selectivity computations and functions (Tom)
7520 Optimize btree searching for cases where many equal keys exist (Tom)
7521 Enable fast LIKE index processing only if index present (Tom)
7522 Re-use free space on index pages with duplicates (Tom)
7523 Improve hash join processing (Tom)
7524 Prevent descending sort if result is already sorted(Hiroshi)
7525 Allow commuting of index scan query qualifications (Tom)
7526 Prefer index scans in cases where ORDER BY/GROUP BY is required (Tom)
7527 Allocate large memory requests in fix-sized chunks for performance (Tom)
7528 Fix vacuum's performance by reducing memory allocation requests (Tom)
7529 Implement constant-expression simplification (Bernard Frankpitt, Tom)
7530 Use secondary columns to be used to determine start of index scan (Hiroshi)
7531 Prevent quadruple use of disk space when doing internal sorting (Tom)
7532 Faster sorting by calling fewer functions (Tom)
7533 Create system indexes to match all system caches (Bruce, Hiroshi)
7534 Make system caches use system indexes (Bruce)
7535 Make all system indexes unique (Bruce)
7536 Improve pg_statistics management for VACUUM speed improvement (Tom)
7537 Flush backend cache less frequently (Tom, Hiroshi)
7538 COPY now reuses previous memory allocation, improving performance (Tom)
7539 Improve optimization cost estimation (Tom)
7540 Improve optimizer estimate of range queries x > lowbound AND x < highbound (Tom)
7541 Use DNF instead of CNF where appropriate (Tom, Taral)
7542 Further cleanup for OR-of-AND WHERE-clauses (Tom)
7543 Make use of index in OR clauses (x = 1 AND y = 2) OR (x = 2 AND y = 4) (Tom)
7544 Smarter optimizer computations for random index page access (Tom)
7545 New SET variable to control optimizer costs (Tom)
7546 Optimizer queries based on LIMIT, OFFSET, and EXISTS qualifications (Tom)
7547 Reduce optimizer internal housekeeping of join paths for speedup (Tom)
7548 Major subquery speedup (Tom)
7549 Fewer fsync writes when fsync is not disabled (Tom)
7550 Improved LIKE optimizer estimates (Tom)
7551 Prevent fsync in SELECT-only queries (Vadim)
7552 Make index creation use psort code, because it is now faster (Tom)
7553 Allow creation of sort temp tables > 1 Gig
7557 Fix for linux PPC compile
7558 New generic expression-tree-walker subroutine (Tom)
7559 Change form() to varargform() to prevent portability problems
7560 Improved range checking for large integers on Alphas
7561 Clean up #include in /include directory (Bruce)
7562 Add scripts for checking includes (Bruce)
7563 Remove un-needed #include's from *.c files (Bruce)
7564 Change #include's to use <> and "" as appropriate (Bruce)
7565 Enable Windows compilation of libpq
7566 Alpha spinlock fix from Uncle George <email>gatgul@voicenet.com</email>
7567 Overhaul of optimizer data structures (Tom)
7568 Fix to cygipc library (Yutaka Tanida)
7569 Allow pgsql to work on newer Cygwin snapshots (Dan)
7570 New catalog version number (Tom)
7572 Rename heap_replace to heap_update
7573 Update for QNX (Dr. Andreas Kardos)
7574 New platform-specific regression handling (Tom)
7575 Rename oid8 -> oidvector and int28 -> int2vector (Bruce)
7576 Included all yacc and lex files into the distribution (Peter E.)
7577 Remove lextest, no longer needed (Peter E)
7578 Fix for libpq and psql on Windows (Magnus)
7579 Internally change datetime and timespan into timestamp and interval (Thomas)
7580 Fix for plpgsql on BSD/OS
7581 Add SQL_ASCII test case to the regression test (Tatsuo)
7582 configure --with-mb now deprecated (Tatsuo)
7584 NetBSD fixes (Johnny C. Lam <email>lamj@stat.cmu.edu</email>)
7585 Fixes for Alpha compiles
7586 New multibyte encodings
7592 <sect1 id="release-6-5-3">
7593 <title>Release 6.5.3</title>
7596 <title>Release date</title>
7597 <simpara>1999-10-13</simpara>
7601 This is basically a cleanup release for 6.5.2. We have added a new
7602 <application>PgAccess</> that was missing in 6.5.2, and installed an NT-specific fix.
7607 <title>Migration to version 6.5.3</title>
7610 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
7615 <title>Changes</title>
7619 Updated version of pgaccess 0.98
7621 Fix dumping rules on inherited tables
7628 <sect1 id="release-6-5-2">
7629 <title>Release 6.5.2</title>
7632 <title>Release date</title>
7633 <simpara>1999-09-15</simpara>
7637 This is basically a cleanup release for 6.5.1. We have fixed a variety of
7638 problems reported by 6.5.1 users.
7643 <title>Migration to version 6.5.2</title>
7646 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
7652 <title>Changes</title>
7656 subselect+CASE fixes(Tom)
7657 Add SHLIB_LINK setting for solaris_i386 and solaris_sparc ports(Daren Sefcik)
7658 Fixes for CASE in WHERE join clauses(Tom)
7659 Fix BTScan abort(Tom)
7660 Repair the check for redundant UNIQUE and PRIMARY KEY indexes(Thomas)
7661 Improve it so that it checks for multicolumn constraints(Thomas)
7662 Fix for Windows making problem with MB enabled(Hiroki Kataoka)
7663 Allow BSD yacc and bison to compile pl code(Bruce)
7664 Fix SET NAMES working
7666 Fix vacuum's memory consumption(Hiroshi,Tatsuo)
7667 Reduce the total memory consumption of vacuum(Tom)
7668 Fix for timestamp(datetime)
7669 Rule deparsing bugfixes(Tom)
7670 Fix quoting problems in mkMakefile.tcldefs.sh.in and mkMakefile.tkdefs.sh.in(Tom)
7671 This is to re-use space on index pages freed by vacuum(Vadim)
7672 document -x for pg_dump(Bruce)
7673 Fix for unary operators in rule deparser(Tom)
7674 Comment out FileUnlink of excess segments during mdtruncate()(Tom)
7675 IRIX linking fix from Yu Cao >yucao@falcon.kla-tencor.com<
7676 Repair logic error in LIKE: should not return LIKE_ABORT
7677 when reach end of pattern before end of text(Tom)
7678 Repair incorrect cleanup of heap memory allocation during transaction abort(Tom)
7679 Updated version of pgaccess 0.98
7685 <sect1 id="release-6-5-1">
7686 <title>Release 6.5.1</title>
7689 <title>Release date</title>
7690 <simpara>1999-07-15</simpara>
7694 This is basically a cleanup release for 6.5. We have fixed a variety of
7695 problems reported by 6.5 users.
7699 <title>Migration to version 6.5.1</title>
7702 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
7708 <title>Changes</title>
7713 Portability fixes for linux_ppc, IRIX, linux_alpha, OpenBSD, alpha
7714 Remove QUERY_LIMIT, use SELECT...LIMIT
7715 Fix for EXPLAIN on inheritance(Tom)
7716 Patch to allow vacuum on multisegment tables(Hiroshi)
7717 R-Tree optimizer selectivity fix(Tom)
7718 ACL file descriptor leak fix(Atsushi Ogawa)
7719 New expresssion subtree code(Tom)
7720 Avoid disk writes for read-only transactions(Vadim)
7721 Fix for removal of temp tables if last transaction was aborted(Bruce)
7722 Fix to prevent too large row from being created(Bruce)
7724 Allow port numbers 32k - 64k(Bruce)
7725 Add ^ precidence(Bruce)
7726 Rename sort files called pg_temp to pg_sorttemp(Bruce)
7727 Fix for microseconds in time values(Tom)
7728 Tutorial source cleanup
7730 Fix for sorting of NULL's in some cases(Tom)
7731 Shared library dependencies fixed (Tom)
7732 Fixed glitches affecting GROUP BY in subselects(Tom)
7733 Fix some compiler warnings (Tomoaki Nishiyama)
7734 Add Win1250 (Czech) support (Pavel Behal)
7740 <sect1 id="release-6-5">
7741 <title>Release 6.5</title>
7744 <title>Release date</title>
7745 <simpara>1999-06-09</simpara>
7749 This release marks a major step in the development team's mastery of the source
7750 code we inherited from Berkeley. You will see we are now easily adding
7751 major features, thanks to the increasing size and experience of our
7752 world-wide development team.
7756 Here is a brief summary of the more notable changes:
7761 Multiversion concurrency control(MVCC)
7765 This removes our old table-level locking, and replaces it with
7766 a locking system that is superior to most commercial database
7767 systems. In a traditional system, each row that is modified
7768 is locked until committed, preventing reads by other users.
7769 MVCC uses the natural multiversion nature of
7770 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> to allow readers to
7771 continue reading consistent data during writer activity.
7772 Writers continue to use the compact pg_log transaction system.
7773 This is all performed without having to allocate a lock for
7774 every row like traditional database systems. So, basically,
7775 we no longer are restricted by simple table-level locking; we
7776 have something better than row-level locking.
7783 Hot backups from <application>pg_dump</application>
7787 <application>pg_dump</application> takes advantage of the new
7788 MVCC features to give a consistent database dump/backup while
7789 the database stays online and available for queries.
7800 We now have a true numeric data type, with
7801 user-specified precision.
7812 Temporary tables are guaranteed to have unique names
7813 within a database session, and are destroyed on session exit.
7824 We now have CASE, INTERSECT, and EXCEPT statement
7825 support. We have new LIMIT/OFFSET, SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL,
7826 SELECT ... FOR UPDATE, and an improved LOCK TABLE command.
7837 We continue to speed up <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>,
7838 thanks to the variety of talents within our team. We have
7839 sped up memory allocation, optimization, table joins, and row
7851 We continue to expand our port list, this time including
7852 <systemitem class="osname">Windows NT</>/<systemitem>ix86</> and <systemitem class="osname">NetBSD</>/<systemitem>arm32</>.
7863 Most interfaces have new versions, and existing functionality
7875 New and updated material is present throughout the
7876 documentation. New <acronym>FAQ</acronym>s have been
7877 contributed for <systemitem class="osname">SGI</> and <systemitem class="osname">AIX</> platforms.
7878 The <citetitle>Tutorial</citetitle> has introductory information
7879 on <acronym>SQL</acronym> from Stefan Simkovics.
7880 For the <citetitle>User's Guide</citetitle>, there are
7881 reference pages covering the postmaster and more utility
7882 programs, and a new appendix
7883 contains details on date/time behavior.
7884 The <citetitle>Administrator's Guide</citetitle> has a new
7885 chapter on troubleshooting from Tom Lane.
7886 And the <citetitle>Programmer's Guide</citetitle> has a
7887 description of query processing, also from Stefan, and details
7888 on obtaining the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> source
7889 tree via anonymous <productname>CVS</productname> and
7890 <productname>CVSup</productname>.
7898 <title>Migration to version 6.5</title>
7901 A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application>
7902 is required for those wishing to migrate data from any
7903 previous release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
7904 <application>pg_upgrade</application> can <emphasis>not</emphasis>
7905 be used to upgrade to this release because the on-disk structure
7906 of the tables has changed compared to previous releases.
7910 The new Multiversion Concurrency Control (MVCC) features can
7911 give somewhat different behaviors in multiuser
7912 environments. <emphasis>Read and understand the following section
7913 to ensure that your existing applications will give you the
7914 behavior you need.</emphasis>
7918 <title>Multiversion Concurrency Control</title>
7921 Because readers in 6.5 don't lock data, regardless of transaction
7922 isolation level, data read by one transaction can be overwritten by
7923 another. In other words, if a row is returned by
7924 <command>SELECT</command> it doesn't mean that this row really exists
7925 at the time it is returned (i.e. sometime after the statement or
7926 transaction began) nor that the row is protected from being deleted or
7927 updated by concurrent transactions before the current transaction does
7928 a commit or rollback.
7932 To ensure the actual existence of a row and protect it against
7933 concurrent updates one must use <command>SELECT FOR UPDATE</command> or
7934 an appropriate <command>LOCK TABLE</command> statement. This should be
7935 taken into account when porting applications from previous releases of
7936 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> and other environments.
7940 Keep the above in mind if you are using
7941 <filename>contrib/refint.*</filename> triggers for
7942 referential integrity. Additional techniques are required now. One way is
7943 to use <command>LOCK parent_table IN SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE MODE</command>
7944 command if a transaction is going to update/delete a primary key and
7945 use <command>LOCK parent_table IN SHARE MODE</command> command if a
7946 transaction is going to update/insert a foreign key.
7950 Note that if you run a transaction in SERIALIZABLE mode then you must
7951 execute the <command>LOCK</command> commands above before execution of any
7952 <acronym>DML</acronym> statement
7953 (<command>SELECT/INSERT/DELETE/UPDATE/FETCH/COPY_TO</command>) in the
7960 These inconveniences will disappear in the future
7961 when the ability to read dirty
7962 (uncommitted) data (regardless of isolation level) and true referential
7963 integrity will be implemented.
7969 <title>Changes</title>
7975 Fix text<->float8 and text<->float4 conversion functions(Thomas)
7976 Fix for creating tables with mixed-case constraints(Billy)
7977 Change exp()/pow() behavior to generate error on underflow/overflow(Jan)
7978 Fix bug in pg_dump -z
7979 Memory overrun cleanups(Tatsuo)
7980 Fix for lo_import crash(Tatsuo)
7981 Adjust handling of data type names to suppress double quotes(Thomas)
7982 Use type coercion for matching columns and DEFAULT(Thomas)
7983 Fix deadlock so it only checks once after one second of sleep(Bruce)
7984 Fixes for aggregates and PL/pgsql(Hiroshi)
7985 Fix for subquery crash(Vadim)
7986 Fix for libpq function PQfnumber and case-insensitive names(Bahman Rafatjoo)
7987 Fix for large object write-in-middle, no extra block, memory consumption(Tatsuo)
7988 Fix for pg_dump -d or -D and quote special characters in INSERT
7989 Repair serious problems with dynahash(Tom)
7990 Fix INET/CIDR portability problems
7991 Fix problem with selectivity error in ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN(Bruce)
7992 Fix executor so mergejoin of different column types works(Tom)
7993 Fix for Alpha OR selectivity bug
7994 Fix OR index selectivity problem(Bruce)
7995 Fix so \d shows proper length for char()/varchar()(Ryan)
7996 Fix tutorial code(Clark)
7997 Improve destroyuser checking(Oliver)
7998 Fix for Kerberos(Rodney McDuff)
7999 Fix for dropping database while dirty buffers(Bruce)
8000 Fix so sequence nextval() can be case-sensitive(Bruce)
8002 Drop buffers before destroying database files(Bruce)
8003 Fix case where executor evaluates functions twice(Tatsuo)
8004 Allow sequence nextval actions to be case-sensitive(Bruce)
8005 Fix optimizer indexing not working for negative numbers(Bruce)
8006 Fix for memory leak in executor with fjIsNull
8007 Fix for aggregate memory leaks(Erik Riedel)
8008 Allow user name containing a dash to grant privileges
8009 Cleanup of NULL in inet types
8010 Clean up system table bugs(Tom)
8011 Fix problems of PAGER and \? command(Masaaki Sakaida)
8012 Reduce default multisegment file size limit to 1GB(Peter)
8013 Fix for dumping of CREATE OPERATOR(Tom)
8014 Fix for backward scanning of cursors(Hiroshi Inoue)
8015 Fix for COPY FROM STDIN when using \i(Tom)
8016 Fix for subselect is compared inside an expression(Jan)
8017 Fix handling of error reporting while returning rows(Tom)
8018 Fix problems with reference to array types(Tom,Jan)
8019 Prevent UPDATE SET oid(Jan)
8020 Fix pg_dump so -t option can handle case-sensitive tablenames
8021 Fixes for GROUP BY in special cases(Tom, Jan)
8022 Fix for memory leak in failed queries(Tom)
8023 DEFAULT now supports mixed-case identifiers(Tom)
8024 Fix for multisegment uses of DROP/RENAME table, indexes(Ole Gjerde)
8025 Disable use of pg_dump with both -o and -d options(Bruce)
8026 Allow pg_dump to properly dump group privileges(Bruce)
8027 Fix GROUP BY in INSERT INTO table SELECT * FROM table2(Jan)
8028 Fix for computations in views(Jan)
8029 Fix for aggregates on array indexes(Tom)
8030 Fix for DEFAULT handles single quotes in value requiring too many quotes
8031 Fix security problem with non-super users importing/exporting large objects(Tom)
8032 Rollback of transaction that creates table cleaned up properly(Tom)
8033 Fix to allow long table and column names to generate proper serial names(Tom)
8037 Add "vacuumdb" utility
8038 Speed up libpq by allocating memory better(Tom)
8039 EXPLAIN all indexes used(Tom)
8040 Implement CASE, COALESCE, NULLIF expression(Thomas)
8041 New pg_dump table output format(Constantin)
8042 Add string min()/max() functions(Thomas)
8043 Extend new type coercion techniques to aggregates(Thomas)
8044 New moddatetime contrib(Terry)
8045 Update to pgaccess 0.96(Constantin)
8046 Add routines for single-byte "char" type(Thomas)
8047 Improved substr() function(Thomas)
8048 Improved multibyte handling(Tatsuo)
8049 Multiversion concurrency control/MVCC(Vadim)
8050 New Serialized mode(Vadim)
8051 Fix for tables over 2gigs(Peter)
8052 New SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL(Vadim)
8053 New LOCK TABLE IN ... MODE(Vadim)
8054 Update ODBC driver(Byron)
8055 New NUMERIC data type(Jan)
8056 New SELECT FOR UPDATE(Vadim)
8057 Handle "NaN" and "Infinity" for input values(Jan)
8058 Improved date/year handling(Thomas)
8059 Improved handling of backend connections(Magnus)
8060 New options ELOG_TIMESTAMPS and USE_SYSLOG options for log files(Massimo)
8061 New TCL_ARRAYS option(Massimo)
8062 New INTERSECT and EXCEPT(Stefan)
8063 New pg_index.indisprimary for primary key tracking(D'Arcy)
8064 New pg_dump option to allow dropping of tables before creation(Brook)
8065 Speedup of row output routines(Tom)
8066 New READ COMMITTED isolation level(Vadim)
8067 New TEMP tables/indexes(Bruce)
8068 Prevent sorting if result is already sorted(Jan)
8069 New memory allocation optimization(Jan)
8070 Allow psql to do \p\g(Bruce)
8071 Allow multiple rule actions(Jan)
8072 Added LIMIT/OFFSET functionality(Jan)
8073 Improve optimizer when joining a large number of tables(Bruce)
8074 New intro to SQL from S. Simkovics' Master's Thesis (Stefan, Thomas)
8075 New intro to backend processing from S. Simkovics' Master's Thesis (Stefan)
8076 Improved int8 support(Ryan Bradetich, Thomas, Tom)
8077 New routines to convert between int8 and text/varchar types(Thomas)
8078 New bushy plans, where meta-tables are joined(Bruce)
8079 Enable right-hand queries by default(Bruce)
8080 Allow reliable maximum number of backends to be set at configure time
8081 (--with-maxbackends and postmaster switch (-N backends))(Tom)
8082 GEQO default now 10 tables because of optimizer speedups(Tom)
8083 Allow NULL=Var for MS-SQL portability(Michael, Bruce)
8084 Modify contrib check_primary_key() so either "automatic" or "dependent"(Anand)
8085 Allow psql \d on a view show query(Ryan)
8086 Speedup for LIKE(Bruce)
8087 Ecpg fixes/features, see src/interfaces/ecpg/ChangeLog file(Michael)
8088 JDBC fixes/features, see src/interfaces/jdbc/CHANGELOG(Peter)
8089 Make % operator have precedence like /(Bruce)
8090 Add new postgres -O option to allow system table structure changes(Bruce)
8091 Update contrib/pginterface/findoidjoins script(Tom)
8092 Major speedup in vacuum of deleted rows with indexes(Vadim)
8093 Allow non-SQL functions to run different versions based on arguments(Tom)
8094 Add -E option that shows actual queries sent by \dt and friends(Masaaki Sakaida)
8095 Add version number in start-up banners for psql(Masaaki Sakaida)
8096 New contrib/vacuumlo removes large objects not referenced(Peter)
8097 New initialization for table sizes so non-vacuumed tables perform better(Tom)
8098 Improve error messages when a connection is rejected(Tom)
8099 Support for arrays of char() and varchar() fields(Massimo)
8100 Overhaul of hash code to increase reliability and performance(Tom)
8101 Update to PyGreSQL 2.4(D'Arcy)
8102 Changed debug options so -d4 and -d5 produce different node displays(Jan)
8103 New pg_options: pretty_plan, pretty_parse, pretty_rewritten(Jan)
8104 Better optimization statistics for system table access(Tom)
8105 Better handling of non-default block sizes(Massimo)
8106 Improve GEQO optimizer memory consumption(Tom)
8107 UNION now suppports ORDER BY of columns not in target list(Jan)
8108 Major libpq++ improvements(Vince Vielhaber)
8109 pg_dump now uses -z(ACL's) as default(Bruce)
8110 backend cache, memory speedups(Tom)
8111 have pg_dump do everything in one snapshot transaction(Vadim)
8112 fix for large object memory leakage, fix for pg_dumping(Tom)
8113 INET type now respects netmask for comparisons
8114 Make VACUUM ANALYZE only use a readlock(Vadim)
8115 Allow VIEWs on UNIONS(Jan)
8116 pg_dump now can generate consistent snapshots on active databases(Vadim)
8120 Improve port matching(Tom)
8121 Portability fixes for SunOS
8122 Add Windows NT backend port and enable dynamic loading(Magnus and Daniel Horak)
8123 New port to Cobalt Qube(Mips) running Linux(Tatsuo)
8124 Port to NetBSD/m68k(Mr. Mutsuki Nakajima)
8125 Port to NetBSD/sun3(Mr. Mutsuki Nakajima)
8126 Port to NetBSD/macppc(Toshimi Aoki)
8127 Fix for tcl/tk configuration(Vince)
8128 Removed CURRENT key word for rule queries(Jan)
8129 NT dynamic loading now works(Daniel Horak)
8130 Add ARM32 support(Andrew McMurry)
8131 Better support for HP-UX 11 and UnixWare
8132 Improve file handling to be more uniform, prevent file descriptor leak(Tom)
8133 New install commands for plpgsql(Jan)
8140 <sect1 id="release-6-4-2">
8141 <title>Release 6.4.2</title>
8144 <title>Release date</title>
8145 <simpara>1998-12-20</simpara>
8149 The 6.4.1 release was improperly packaged. This also has one additional
8155 <title>Migration to version 6.4.2</title>
8158 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
8163 <title>Changes</title>
8167 Fix for datetime constant problem on some platforms(Thomas)
8175 <sect1 id="release-6-4-1">
8176 <title>Release 6.4.1</title>
8179 <title>Release date</title>
8180 <simpara>1998-12-18</simpara>
8184 This is basically a cleanup release for 6.4. We have fixed a variety of
8185 problems reported by 6.4 users.
8190 <title>Migration to version 6.4.1</title>
8193 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
8198 <title>Changes</title>
8202 Add pg_dump -N flag to force double quotes around identifiers. This is
8204 Fix for NOT in where clause causing crash(Bruce)
8205 EXPLAIN VERBOSE coredump fix(Vadim)
8206 Fix shared-library problems on Linux
8207 Fix test for table existence to allow mixed-case and whitespace in
8208 the table name(Thomas)
8209 Fix a couple of pg_dump bugs
8210 Configure matches template/.similar entries better(Tom)
8211 Change builtin function names from SPI_* to spi_*
8212 OR WHERE clause fix(Vadim)
8213 Fixes for mixed-case table names(Billy)
8214 contrib/linux/postgres.init.csh/sh fix(Thomas)
8215 libpq memory overrun fix
8217 Change exp() behavior to generate error on underflow(Thomas)
8218 pg_dump fixes for memory leak, inheritance constraints, layout change
8219 update pgaccess to 0.93
8220 Fix prototype for 64-bit platforms
8221 Multibyte fixes(Tatsuo)
8223 Fix memory overruns(Tatsuo)
8224 Fix for lo_import() crash(Bruce)
8225 Better search for install program(Tom)
8228 Use implicit type coercion for matching DEFAULT values(Thomas)
8229 Add routines to help with single-byte (internal) character type(Thomas)
8230 Compilation of libpq for Windows fixes(Magnus)
8231 Upgrade to PyGreSQL 2.2(D'Arcy)
8239 <sect1 id="release-6-4">
8240 <title>Release 6.4</title>
8243 <title>Release date</title>
8244 <simpara>1998-10-30</simpara>
8248 There are <emphasis>many</emphasis> new features and improvements in this release.
8249 Thanks to our developers and maintainers, nearly every aspect of the system
8250 has received some attention since the previous release.
8251 Here is a brief, incomplete summary:
8256 Views and rules are now functional thanks to extensive new code in the
8257 rewrite rules system from Jan Wieck. He also wrote a chapter on it
8258 for the <citetitle>Programmer's Guide</citetitle>.
8263 Jan also contributed a second procedural language, <application>PL/pgSQL</application>, to go with the
8264 original <application>PL/pgTCL</application> procedural language he contributed last release.
8270 We have optional multiple-byte character set support from Tatsuo Ishii
8271 to complement our existing locale support.
8277 Client/server communications has been cleaned up, with better support for
8278 asynchronous messages and interrupts thanks to Tom Lane.
8284 The parser will now perform automatic type coercion to match arguments
8285 to available operators and functions, and to match columns and expressions
8286 with target columns. This uses a generic mechanism which supports
8287 the type extensibility features of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
8288 There is a new chapter in the <citetitle>User's Guide</citetitle>
8289 which covers this topic.
8295 Three new data types have been added.
8296 Two types, <type>inet</type> and <type>cidr</type>, support various forms
8297 of IP network, subnet, and machine addressing. There is now an 8-byte integer
8298 type available on some platforms. See the chapter on data types
8299 in the <citetitle>User's Guide</citetitle> for details.
8300 A fourth type, <type>serial</type>, is now supported by the parser as an
8301 amalgam of the <type>int4</type> type, a sequence, and a unique index.
8307 Several more <acronym>SQL92</acronym>-compatible syntax features have been
8308 added, including <command>INSERT DEFAULT VALUES</command>
8314 The automatic configuration and installation system has received some
8315 attention, and should be more robust for more platforms than it has ever
8324 <title>Migration to version 6.4</title>
8327 A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application>
8328 or <application>pg_dumpall</application>
8329 is required for those wishing to migrate data from any
8330 previous release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
8335 <title>Changes</title>
8341 Fix for a tiny memory leak in PQsetdb/PQfinish(Bryan)
8342 Remove char2-16 data types, use char/varchar(Darren)
8343 Pqfn not handles a NOTICE message(Anders)
8344 Reduced busywaiting overhead for spinlocks with many backends (dg)
8345 Stuck spinlock detection (dg)
8346 Fix up "ISO-style" timespan decoding and encoding(Thomas)
8347 Fix problem with table drop after rollback of transaction(Vadim)
8348 Change error message and remove non-functional update message(Vadim)
8349 Fix for COPY array checking
8350 Fix for SELECT 1 UNION SELECT NULL
8351 Fix for buffer leaks in large object calls(Pascal)
8352 Change owner from oid to int4 type(Bruce)
8353 Fix a bug in the oracle compatibility functions btrim() ltrim() and rtrim()
8354 Fix for shared invalidation cache overflow(Massimo)
8355 Prevent file descriptor leaks in failed COPY's(Bruce)
8356 Fix memory leak in libpgtcl's pg_select(Constantin)
8357 Fix problems with username/passwords over 8 characters(Tom)
8358 Fix problems with handling of asynchronous NOTIFY in backend(Tom)
8359 Fix of many bad system table entries(Tom)
8363 Upgrade ecpg and ecpglib,see src/interfaces/ecpc/ChangeLog(Michael)
8364 Show the index used in an EXPLAIN(Zeugswetter)
8365 EXPLAIN invokes rule system and shows plan(s) for rewritten queries(Jan)
8366 Multibyte awareness of many data types and functions, via configure(Tatsuo)
8367 New configure --with-mb option(Tatsuo)
8368 New initdb --pgencoding option(Tatsuo)
8369 New createdb -E multibyte option(Tatsuo)
8370 Select version(); now returns PostgreSQL version(Jeroen)
8371 libpq now allows asynchronous clients(Tom)
8372 Allow cancel from client of backend query(Tom)
8373 psql now cancels query with Control-C(Tom)
8374 libpq users need not issue dummy queries to get NOTIFY messages(Tom)
8375 NOTIFY now sends sender's PID, so you can tell whether it was your own(Tom)
8376 PGresult struct now includes associated error message, if any(Tom)
8377 Define "tz_hour" and "tz_minute" arguments to date_part()(Thomas)
8378 Add routines to convert between varchar and bpchar(Thomas)
8379 Add routines to allow sizing of varchar and bpchar into target columns(Thomas)
8380 Add bit flags to support timezonehour and minute in data retrieval(Thomas)
8381 Allow more variations on valid floating point numbers (e.g. ".1", "1e6")(Thomas)
8382 Fixes for unary minus parsing with leading spaces(Thomas)
8383 Implement TIMEZONE_HOUR, TIMEZONE_MINUTE per SQL92 specs(Thomas)
8384 Check for and properly ignore FOREIGN KEY column constraints(Thomas)
8385 Define USER as synonym for CURRENT_USER per SQL92 specs(Thomas)
8386 Enable HAVING clause but no fixes elsewhere yet.
8387 Make "char" type a synonym for "char(1)" (actually implemented as bpchar)(Thomas)
8388 Save string type if specified for DEFAULT clause handling(Thomas)
8389 Coerce operations involving different data types(Thomas)
8390 Allow some index use for columns of different types(Thomas)
8391 Add capabilities for automatic type conversion(Thomas)
8392 Cleanups for large objects, so file is truncated on open(Peter)
8393 Readline cleanups(Tom)
8394 Allow psql \f \ to make spaces as delimiter(Bruce)
8395 Pass pg_attribute.atttypmod to the frontend for column field lengths(Tom,Bruce)
8396 Msql compatibility library in /contrib(Aldrin)
8397 Remove the requirement that ORDER/GROUP BY clause identifiers be
8398 included in the target list(David)
8399 Convert columns to match columns in UNION clauses(Thomas)
8400 Remove fork()/exec() and only do fork()(Bruce)
8401 Jdbc cleanups(Peter)
8402 Show backend status on ps command line(only works on some platforms)(Bruce)
8403 Pg_hba.conf now has a sameuser option in the database field
8404 Make lo_unlink take oid param, not int4
8405 New DISABLE_COMPLEX_MACRO for compilers that can't handle our macros(Bruce)
8406 Libpgtcl now handles NOTIFY as a Tcl event, need not send dummy queries(Tom)
8407 libpgtcl cleanups(Tom)
8408 Add -error option to libpgtcl's pg_result command(Tom)
8409 New locale patch, see docs/README/locale(Oleg)
8410 Fix for pg_dump so CONSTRAINT and CHECK syntax is correct(ccb)
8411 New contrib/lo code for large object orphan removal(Peter)
8412 New psql command "SET CLIENT_ENCODING TO 'encoding'" for multibytes
8413 feature, see /doc/README.mb(Tatsuo)
8414 contrib/noupdate code to revoke update permission on a column
8415 libpq can now be compiled on Windows(Magnus)
8416 Add PQsetdbLogin() in libpq
8417 New 8-byte integer type, checked by configure for OS support(Thomas)
8418 Better support for quoted table/column names(Thomas)
8419 Surround table and column names with double-quotes in pg_dump(Thomas)
8420 PQreset() now works with passwords(Tom)
8421 Handle case of GROUP BY target list column number out of range(David)
8422 Allow UNION in subselects
8423 Add auto-size to screen to \d? commands(Bruce)
8424 Use UNION to show all \d? results in one query(Bruce)
8425 Add \d? field search feature(Bruce)
8426 Pg_dump issues fewer \connect requests(Tom)
8427 Make pg_dump -z flag work better, document it in manual page(Tom)
8428 Add HAVING clause with full support for subselects and unions(Stephan)
8429 Full text indexing routines in contrib/fulltextindex(Maarten)
8430 Transaction ids now stored in shared memory(Vadim)
8431 New PGCLIENTENCODING when issuing COPY command(Tatsuo)
8432 Support for SQL92 syntax "SET NAMES"(Tatsuo)
8433 Support for LATIN2-5(Tatsuo)
8434 Add UNICODE regression test case(Tatsuo)
8435 Lock manager cleanup, new locking modes for LLL(Vadim)
8436 Allow index use with OR clauses(Bruce)
8437 Allows "SELECT NULL ORDER BY 1;"
8438 Explain VERBOSE prints the plan, and now pretty-prints the plan to
8439 the postmaster log file(Bruce)
8440 Add indexes display to \d command(Bruce)
8441 Allow GROUP BY on functions(David)
8442 New pg_class.relkind for large objects(Bruce)
8443 New way to send libpq NOTICE messages to a different location(Tom)
8444 New \w write command to psql(Bruce)
8445 New /contrib/findoidjoins scans oid columns to find join relationships(Bruce)
8446 Allow binary-compatible indexes to be considered when checking for valid
8447 Indexes for restriction clauses containing a constant(Thomas)
8448 New ISBN/ISSN code in /contrib/isbn_issn
8449 Allow NOT LIKE, IN, NOT IN, BETWEEN, and NOT BETWEEN constraint(Thomas)
8450 New rewrite system fixes many problems with rules and views(Jan)
8451 * Rules on relations work
8452 * Event qualifications on insert/update/delete work
8453 * New OLD variable to reference CURRENT, CURRENT will be remove in future
8454 * Update rules can reference NEW and OLD in rule qualifications/actions
8455 * Insert/update/delete rules on views work
8456 * Multiple rule actions are now supported, surrounded by parentheses
8457 * Regular users can create views/rules on tables they have RULE permits
8458 * Rules and views inherit the privileges of the creator
8459 * No rules at the column level
8460 * No UPDATE NEW/OLD rules
8461 * New pg_tables, pg_indexes, pg_rules and pg_views system views
8462 * Only a single action on SELECT rules
8463 * Total rewrite overhaul, perhaps for 6.5
8465 * handle aggregates on views
8466 * handle insert into select from view works
8467 System indexes are now multikey(Bruce)
8468 Oidint2, oidint4, and oidname types are removed(Bruce)
8469 Use system cache for more system table lookups(Bruce)
8470 New backend programming language PL/pgSQL in backend/pl(Jan)
8471 New SERIAL data type, auto-creates sequence/index(Thomas)
8472 Enable assert checking without a recompile(Massimo)
8473 User lock enhancements(Massimo)
8474 New setval() command to set sequence value(Massimo)
8475 Auto-remove unix socket file on start-up if no postmaster running(Massimo)
8476 Conditional trace package(Massimo)
8477 New UNLISTEN command(Massimo)
8478 psql and libpq now compile under Windows using win32.mak(Magnus)
8479 Lo_read no longer stores trailing NULL(Bruce)
8480 Identifiers are now truncated to 31 characters internally(Bruce)
8481 Createuser options now availble on the command line
8482 Code for 64-bit integer supported added, configure tested, int8 type(Thomas)
8483 Prevent file descriptor leaf from failed COPY(Bruce)
8484 New pg_upgrade command(Bruce)
8485 Updated /contrib directories(Massimo)
8486 New CREATE TABLE DEFAULT VALUES statement available(Thomas)
8487 New INSERT INTO TABLE DEFAULT VALUES statement available(Thomas)
8488 New DECLARE and FETCH feature(Thomas)
8489 libpq's internal structures now not exported(Tom)
8490 Allow up to 8 key indexes(Bruce)
8491 Remove ARCHIVE key word, that is no longer used(Thomas)
8492 pg_dump -n flag to supress quotes around indentifiers
8493 disable system columns for views(Jan)
8494 new INET and CIDR types for network addresses(TomH, Paul)
8495 no more double quotes in psql output
8496 pg_dump now dumps views(Terry)
8497 new SET QUERY_LIMIT(Tatsuo,Jan)
8501 /contrib cleanup(Jun)
8502 Inline some small functions called for every row(Bruce)
8505 Multibyte regression tests(Soonmyung.)
8506 Remove --disabled options from configure
8507 Define PGDOC to use POSTGRESDIR by default
8508 Make regression optional
8509 Remove extra braces code to pgindent(Bruce)
8510 Add bsdi shared library support(Bruce)
8511 New --without-CXX support configure option(Brook)
8513 Update backend flowchart in tools/backend(Bruce)
8514 Change atttypmod from int16 to int32(Bruce, Tom)
8515 Getrusage() fix for platforms that do not have it(Tom)
8516 Add PQconnectdb, PGUSER, PGPASSWORD to libpq man page
8517 NS32K platform fixes(Phil Nelson, John Buller)
8518 SCO 7/UnixWare 2.x fixes(Billy,others)
8519 Sparc/Solaris 2.5 fixes(Ryan)
8520 Pgbuiltin.3 is obsolete, move to doc files(Thomas)
8521 Even more documention(Thomas)
8522 Nextstep support(Jacek)
8524 pginterface manual page(Bruce)
8525 shared libraries all have version numbers
8526 merged all OS-specific shared library defines into one file
8527 smarter TCL/TK configuration checking(Billy)
8528 smarter perl configuration(Brook)
8529 configure uses supplied install-sh if no install script found(Tom)
8530 new Makefile.shlib for shared library configuration(Tom)
8536 <sect1 id="release-6-3-2">
8537 <title>Release 6.3.2</title>
8540 <title>Release date</title>
8541 <simpara>1998-04-07</simpara>
8545 This is a bug-fix release for 6.3.x.
8546 Refer to the release notes for version 6.3 for a more complete summary of new features.
8554 Repairs automatic configuration support for some platforms, including Linux,
8555 from breakage inadvertently introduced in version 6.3.1.
8561 Correctly handles function calls on the left side of BETWEEN and LIKE clauses.
8568 A dump/restore is NOT required for those running 6.3 or 6.3.1. A
8569 <literal>make distclean</>, <literal>make</>, and <literal>make install</> is all that is required.
8570 This last step should be performed while the postmaster is not running.
8571 You should re-link any custom applications that use <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> libraries.
8574 For upgrades from pre-6.3 installations,
8575 refer to the installation and migration instructions for version 6.3.
8579 <title>Changes</title>
8583 Configure detection improvements for tcl/tk(Brook Milligan, Alvin)
8584 Manual page improvements(Bruce)
8585 BETWEEN and LIKE fix(Thomas)
8586 fix for psql \connect used by pg_dump(Oliver Elphick)
8588 pgaccess, version 0.86
8589 qsort removed, now uses libc version, cleanups(Jeroen)
8590 fix for buffer over-runs detected(Maurice Gittens)
8591 fix for buffer overrun in libpgtcl(Randy Kunkee)
8592 fix for UNION with DISTINCT or ORDER BY(Bruce)
8593 gettimeofday configure check(Doug Winterburn)
8594 Fix "indexes not used" bug(Vadim)
8595 docs additions(Thomas)
8596 Fix for backend memory leak(Bruce)
8597 libreadline cleanup(Erwan MAS)
8598 Remove DISTDIR(Bruce)
8599 Makefile dependency cleanup(Jeroen van Vianen)
8606 <sect1 id="release-6-3-1">
8607 <title>Release 6.3.1</title>
8610 <title>Release date</title>
8611 <simpara>1998-03-23</simpara>
8620 Additional support for multibyte character sets.
8626 Repair byte ordering for mixed-endian clients and servers.
8632 Minor updates to allowed SQL syntax.
8638 Improvements to the configuration autodetection for installation.
8645 A dump/restore is NOT required for those running 6.3. A
8646 <literal>make distclean</>, <literal>make</>, and <literal>make install</> is all that is required.
8647 This last step should be performed while the postmaster is not running.
8648 You should re-link any custom applications that use <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> libraries.
8651 For upgrades from pre-6.3 installations,
8652 refer to the installation and migration instructions for version 6.3.
8656 <title>Changes</title>
8660 ecpg cleanup/fixes, now version 1.1(Michael Meskes)
8661 pg_user cleanup(Bruce)
8662 large object fix for pg_dump and tclsh (alvin)
8663 LIKE fix for multiple adjacent underscores
8664 fix for redefining builtin functions(Thomas)
8666 upgrade to pg_access 0.83
8667 updated CLUSTER manual page
8668 multibyte character set support, see doc/README.mb(Tatsuo)
8669 configure --with-pgport fix
8671 big-endian fix for backend communications(Kataoka)
8672 SUBSTR() and substring() fix(Jan)
8673 several jdbc fixes(Peter)
8674 libpgtcl improvements, see libptcl/README(Randy Kunkee)
8675 Fix for "Datasize = 0" error(Vadim)
8676 Prevent \do from wrapping(Bruce)
8677 Remove duplicate Russian character set entries
8679 Allow optional TABLE key word in LOCK and SELECT INTO(Thomas)
8680 CREATE SEQUENCE options to allow a negative integer(Thomas)
8681 Add "PASSWORD" as an allowed column identifier(Thomas)
8682 Add checks for UNION target fields(Bruce)
8683 Fix Alpha port(Dwayne Bailey)
8684 Fix for text arrays containing quotes(Doug Gibson)
8685 Solaris compile fix(Albert Chin-A-Young)
8686 Better identify tcl and tk libs and includes(Bruce)
8692 <sect1 id="release-6-3">
8693 <title>Release 6.3</title>
8696 <title>Release date</title>
8697 <simpara>1998-03-01</simpara>
8701 There are <emphasis>many</emphasis> new features and improvements in this release.
8702 Here is a brief, incomplete summary:
8707 Many new SQL features, including
8708 full <acronym>SQL92</acronym> subselect capability
8709 (everything is here but target-list subselects).
8715 Support for client-side environment variables to specify time zone and date style.
8721 Socket interface for client/server connection. This is the default now
8722 so you may need to start <application>postmaster</application> with the
8723 <option>-i</option> flag.
8729 Better password authorization mechanisms. Default table privileges have changed.
8735 Old-style <firstterm>time travel</firstterm>
8736 has been removed. Performance has been improved.
8744 Bruce Momjian wrote the following notes to introduce the new release.
8749 There are some general 6.3 issues that I want to mention. These are
8750 only the big items that can not be described in one sentence. A review
8751 of the detailed changes list is still needed.
8754 First, we now have subselects. Now that we have them, I would like to
8755 mention that without subselects, SQL is a very limited language.
8756 Subselects are a major feature, and you should review your code for
8757 places where subselects provide a better solution for your queries. I
8758 think you will find that there are more uses for subselects than you may
8759 think. Vadim has put us on the big SQL map with subselects, and fully
8760 functional ones too. The only thing you can't do with subselects is to
8761 use them in the target list.
8764 Second, 6.3 uses Unix domain sockets rather than TCP/IP by default. To
8765 enable connections from other machines, you have to use the new
8766 postmaster -i option, and of course edit <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename>. Also, for this
8767 reason, the format of <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename> has changed.
8770 Third, <type>char()</type> fields will now allow faster access than <type>varchar()</type> or
8771 <type>text</type>. Specifically, the <type>text</> and <type>varchar()</type> have a penalty for access to
8772 any columns after the first column of this type. <type>char()</type> used to also
8773 have this access penalty, but it no longer does. This may suggest that
8774 you redesign some of your tables, especially if you have short character
8775 columns that you have defined as <type>varchar()</type> or <type>text</type>. This and other
8776 changes make 6.3 even faster than earlier releases.
8779 We now have passwords definable independent of any Unix file. There are
8780 new SQL USER commands.
8781 See the <citetitle>Administrator's Guide</citetitle> for more
8782 information. There is a new table, pg_shadow, which is used to store
8783 user information and user passwords, and it by default only SELECT-able
8784 by the <systemitem>postgres</systemitem> super-user. pg_user is now a view of pg_shadow, and is
8785 SELECT-able by PUBLIC. You should keep using pg_user in your
8786 application without changes.
8789 User-created tables now no longer have SELECT privilege to PUBLIC by
8790 default. This was done because the ANSI standard requires it. You can
8791 of course GRANT any privileges you want after the table is created.
8792 System tables continue to be SELECT-able by PUBLIC.
8795 We also have real deadlock detection code. No more sixty-second
8796 timeouts. And the new locking code implements a <acronym>FIFO</acronym> better, so there
8797 should be less resource starvation during heavy use.
8800 Many complaints have been made about inadequate documentation in previous
8801 releases. Thomas has put much effort into many new manuals for this
8802 release. Check out the doc/ directory.
8805 For performance reasons, time travel is gone, but can be implemented
8806 using triggers (see <filename>pgsql/contrib/spi/README</filename>). Please check out the new
8807 \d command for types, operators, etc. Also, views have their own
8808 privileges now, not based on the underlying tables, so privileges on
8809 them have to be set separately. Check <filename>/pgsql/interfaces</filename> for some new
8810 ways to talk to <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
8813 This is the first release that really required an explanation for
8814 existing users. In many ways, this was necessary because the new
8815 release removes many limitations, and the work-arounds people were using
8816 are no longer needed.
8820 <title>Migration to version 6.3</title>
8823 A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application>
8824 or <application>pg_dumpall</application>
8825 is required for those wishing to migrate data from any
8826 previous release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
8831 <title>Changes</title>
8837 Fix binary cursors broken by MOVE implementation(Vadim)
8838 Fix for tcl library crash(Jan)
8839 Fix for array handling, from Gerhard Hintermayer
8840 Fix acl error, and remove duplicate pqtrace(Bruce)
8841 Fix psql \e for empty file(Bruce)
8842 Fix for textcat on varchar() fields(Bruce)
8843 Fix for DBT Sendproc (Zeugswetter Andres)
8844 Fix vacuum analyze syntax problem(Bruce)
8845 Fix for international identifiers(Tatsuo)
8846 Fix aggregates on inherited tables(Bruce)
8847 Fix substr() for out-of-bounds data
8848 Fix for select 1=1 or 2=2, select 1=1 and 2=2, and select sum(2+2)(Bruce)
8849 Fix notty output to show status result. -q option still turns it off(Bruce)
8850 Fix for count(*), aggs with views and multiple tables and sum(3)(Bruce)
8852 Fix for PQtrace start/stop several times(Bruce)
8853 Fix a variety of locking problems like newer lock waiters getting
8854 lock before older waiters, and having readlock people not share
8855 locks if a writer is waiting for a lock, and waiting writers not
8856 getting priority over waiting readers(Bruce)
8857 Fix crashes in psql when executing queries from external files(James)
8858 Fix problem with multiple order by columns, with the first one having
8860 Use correct hash table support functions for float8 and int4(Thomas)
8861 Re-enable JOIN= option in CREATE OPERATOR statement (Thomas)
8862 Change precedence for boolean operators to match expected behavior(Thomas)
8863 Generate elog(ERROR) on over-large integer(Bruce)
8864 Allow multiple-argument functions in constraint clauses(Thomas)
8865 Check boolean input literals for 'true','false','yes','no','1','0'
8866 and throw elog(ERROR) if unrecognized(Thomas)
8867 Major large objects fix
8868 Fix for GROUP BY showing duplicates(Vadim)
8869 Fix for index scans in MergeJion(Vadim)
8873 Subselects with EXISTS, IN, ALL, ANY key words (Vadim, Bruce, Thomas)
8874 New User Manual(Thomas, others)
8875 Speedup by inlining some frequently-called functions
8876 Real deadlock detection, no more timeouts(Bruce)
8877 Add SQL92 "constants" CURRENT_DATE, CURRENT_TIME, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
8878 CURRENT_USER(Thomas)
8879 Modify constraint syntax to be SQL92-compliant(Thomas)
8880 Implement SQL92 PRIMARY KEY and UNIQUE clauses using indexes(Thomas)
8881 Recognize SQL92 syntax for FOREIGN KEY. Throw elog notice(Thomas)
8882 Allow NOT NULL UNIQUE constraint clause (each allowed separately before)(Thomas)
8883 Allow PostgreSQL-style casting ("::") of non-constants(Thomas)
8884 Add support for SQL3 TRUE and FALSE boolean constants(Thomas)
8885 Support SQL92 syntax for IS TRUE/IS FALSE/IS NOT TRUE/IS NOT FALSE(Thomas)
8886 Allow shorter strings for boolean literals (e.g. "t", "tr", "tru")(Thomas)
8887 Allow SQL92 delimited identifiers(Thomas)
8888 Implement SQL92 binary and hexadecimal string decoding (b'10' and x'1F')(Thomas)
8889 Support SQL92 syntax for type coercion of literal strings
8890 (e.g. "DATETIME 'now'")(Thomas)
8891 Add conversions for int2, int4, and OID types to and from text(Thomas)
8892 Use shared lock when building indexes(Vadim)
8893 Free memory allocated for an user query inside transaction block after
8894 this query is done, was turned off in <= 6.2.1(Vadim)
8895 New SQL statement CREATE PROCEDURAL LANGUAGE(Jan)
8896 New <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> Procedural Language (PL) backend interface(Jan)
8897 Rename pg_dump -H option to -h(Bruce)
8898 Add Java support for passwords, European dates(Peter)
8899 Use indexes for LIKE and ~, !~ operations(Bruce)
8900 Add hash functions for datetime and timespan(Thomas)
8901 Time Travel removed(Vadim, Bruce)
8902 Add paging for \d and \z, and fix \i(Bruce)
8903 Add Unix domain socket support to backend and to frontend library(Goran)
8904 Implement CREATE DATABASE/WITH LOCATION and initlocation utility(Thomas)
8905 Allow more SQL92 and/or <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> reserved words as column identifiers(Thomas)
8906 Augment support for SQL92 SET TIME ZONE...(Thomas)
8907 SET/SHOW/RESET TIME ZONE uses TZ backend environment variable(Thomas)
8908 Implement SET keyword = DEFAULT and SET TIME ZONE DEFAULT(Thomas)
8909 Enable SET TIME ZONE using TZ environment variable(Thomas)
8910 Add PGDATESTYLE environment variable to frontend and backend initialization(Thomas)
8911 Add PGTZ, PGCOSTHEAP, PGCOSTINDEX, PGRPLANS, PGGEQO
8912 frontend library initialization environment variables(Thomas)
8913 Regression tests time zone automatically set with "setenv PGTZ PST8PDT"(Thomas)
8914 Add pg_description table for info on tables, columns, operators, types, and
8916 Increase 16 char limit on system table/index names to 32 characters(Bruce)
8917 Rename system indexes(Bruce)
8918 Add 'GERMAN' option to SET DATESTYLE(Thomas)
8919 Define an "ISO-style" timespan output format with "hh:mm:ss" fields(Thomas)
8920 Allow fractional values for delta times (e.g. '2.5 days')(Thomas)
8921 Validate numeric input more carefully for delta times(Thomas)
8922 Implement day of year as possible input to date_part()(Thomas)
8923 Define timespan_finite() and text_timespan() functions(Thomas)
8924 Remove archive stuff(Bruce)
8925 Allow for a pg_password authentication database that is separate from
8926 the system password file(Todd)
8927 Dump ACLs, GRANT, REVOKE privileges(Matt)
8928 Define text, varchar, and bpchar string length functions(Thomas)
8929 Fix Query handling for inheritance, and cost computations(Bruce)
8930 Implement CREATE TABLE/AS SELECT (alternative to SELECT/INTO)(Thomas)
8931 Allow NOT, IS NULL, IS NOT NULL in constraints(Thomas)
8932 Implement UNIONs for SELECT(Bruce)
8933 Add UNION, GROUP, DISTINCT to INSERT(Bruce)
8934 varchar() stores only necessary bytes on disk(Bruce)
8935 Fix for BLOBs(Peter)
8936 Mega-Patch for JDBC...see README_6.3 for list of changes(Peter)
8937 Remove unused "option" from PQconnectdb()
8938 New LOCK command and lock manual page describing deadlocks(Bruce)
8939 Add new psql \da, \dd, \df, \do, \dS, and \dT commands(Bruce)
8940 Enhance psql \z to show sequences(Bruce)
8941 Show NOT NULL and DEFAULT in psql \d table(Bruce)
8942 New psql .psqlrc file start-up(Andrew)
8943 Modify sample start-up script in contrib/linux to show syslog(Thomas)
8944 New types for IP and MAC addresses in contrib/ip_and_mac(TomH)
8945 Unix system time conversions with date/time types in contrib/unixdate(Thomas)
8946 Update of contrib stuff(Massimo)
8947 Add Unix socket support to DBD::Pg(Goran)
8948 New python interface (PyGreSQL 2.0)(D'Arcy)
8949 New frontend/backend protocol has a version number, network byte order(Phil)
8950 Security features in pg_hba.conf enhanced and documented, many cleanups(Phil)
8951 CHAR() now faster access than VARCHAR() or TEXT
8952 ecpg embedded SQL preprocessor
8953 Reduce system column overhead(Vadmin)
8954 Remove pg_time table(Vadim)
8955 Add pg_type attribute to identify types that need length (bpchar, varchar)
8956 Add report of offending line when COPY command fails
8957 Allow VIEW privileges to be set separately from the underlying tables.
8958 For security, use GRANT/REVOKE on views as appropriate(Jan)
8959 Tables now have no default GRANT SELECT TO PUBLIC. You must
8960 explicitly grant such privileges.
8961 Clean up tutorial examples(Darren)
8965 Add new html development tools, and flow chart in /tools/backend
8966 Fix for SCO compiles
8967 Stratus computer port Robert Gillies
8968 Added support for shlib for BSD44_derived & i386_solaris
8969 Make configure more automated(Brook)
8970 Add script to check regression test results
8971 Break parser functions into smaller files, group together(Bruce)
8972 Rename heap_create to heap_create_and_catalog, rename heap_creatr
8973 to heap_create()(Bruce)
8974 Sparc/Linux patch for locking(TomS)
8975 Remove PORTNAME and reorganize port-specific stuff(Marc)
8976 Add optimizer README file(Bruce)
8977 Remove some recursion in optimizer and clean up some code there(Bruce)
8978 Fix for NetBSD locking(Henry)
8979 Fix for libptcl make(Tatsuo)
8981 Change IS TRUE, IS FALSE, ... to expressions using "=" rather than
8982 function calls to istrue() or isfalse() to allow optimization(Thomas)
8983 Various fixes NetBSD/Sparc related(TomH)
8984 Alpha linux locking(Travis,Ryan)
8985 Change elog(WARN) to elog(ERROR)(Bruce)
8986 FAQ for FreeBSD(Marc)
8987 Bring in the PostODBC source tree as part of our standard distribution(Marc)
8988 A minor patch for HP/UX 10 vs 9(Stan)
8989 New pg_attribute.atttypmod for type-specific info like varchar length(Bruce)
8990 UnixWare patches(Billy)
8991 New i386 'lock' for spinlock asm(Billy)
8992 Support for multiplexed backends is removed
8993 Start an OpenBSD port
8996 Add string functions to regression suite(Thomas)
8997 Expand a few function names formerly truncated to 16 characters(Thomas)
8998 Remove un-needed malloc() calls and replace with palloc()(Bruce)
9004 <sect1 id="release-6-2-1">
9005 <title>Release 6.2.1</title>
9008 <title>Release date</title>
9009 <simpara>1997-10-17</simpara>
9013 6.2.1 is a bug-fix and usability release on 6.2.
9021 Allow strings to span lines, per <acronym>SQL92</acronym>.
9027 Include example trigger function for inserting user names on table updates.
9034 This is a minor bug-fix release on 6.2.
9035 For upgrades from pre-6.2 systems, a full dump/reload is required.
9036 Refer to the 6.2 release notes for instructions.
9040 <title>Migration from version 6.2 to version 6.2.1</title>
9043 This is a minor bug-fix release. A dump/reload is not required from version 6.2,
9044 but is required from any release prior to 6.2.
9047 In upgrading from version 6.2, if you choose to dump/reload you will find that
9048 avg(money) is now calculated correctly. All other bug fixes take effect
9049 upon updating the executables.
9052 Another way to avoid dump/reload is to use the following SQL command
9053 from <command>psql</command> to update the existing system table:
9056 update pg_aggregate set aggfinalfn = 'cash_div_flt8'
9057 where aggname = 'avg' and aggbasetype = 790;
9061 This will need to be done to every existing database, including template1.
9066 <title>Changes</title>
9070 Allow TIME and TYPE column names(Thomas)
9071 Allow larger range of true/false as boolean values(Thomas)
9072 Support output of "now" and "current"(Thomas)
9073 Handle DEFAULT with INSERT of NULL properly(Vadim)
9074 Fix for relation reference counts problem in buffer manager(Vadim)
9075 Allow strings to span lines, like ANSI(Thomas)
9076 Fix for backward cursor with ORDER BY(Vadim)
9077 Fix avg(cash) computation(Thomas)
9078 Fix for specifying a column twice in ORDER/GROUP BY(Vadim)
9079 Documented new libpq function to return affected rows, PQcmdTuples(Bruce)
9080 Trigger function for inserting user names for INSERT/UPDATE(Brook Milligan)
9086 <sect1 id="release-6-2">
9087 <title>Release 6.2</title>
9090 <title>Release date</title>
9091 <simpara>1997-10-02</simpara>
9095 A dump/restore is required for those wishing to migrate data from
9096 previous releases of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
9100 <title>Migration from version 6.1 to version 6.2</title>
9103 This migration requires a complete dump of the 6.1 database and a
9104 restore of the database in 6.2.
9107 Note that the <command>pg_dump</command> and <command>pg_dumpall</command> utility from 6.2 should be used
9108 to dump the 6.1 database.
9113 <title>Migration from version 1.<replaceable>x</> to version 6.2</title>
9116 Those migrating from earlier 1.* releases should first upgrade to 1.09
9117 because the COPY output format was improved from the 1.02 release.
9122 <title>Changes</title>
9128 Fix problems with pg_dump for inheritance, sequences, archive tables(Bruce)
9129 Fix compile errors on overflow due to shifts, unsigned, and bad prototypes
9130 from Solaris(Diab Jerius)
9131 Fix bugs in geometric line arithmetic (bad intersection calculations)(Thomas)
9132 Check for geometric intersections at endpoints to avoid rounding ugliness(Thomas)
9133 Catch non-functional delete attempts(Vadim)
9134 Change time function names to be more consistent(Michael Reifenberg)
9135 Check for zero divides(Michael Reifenberg)
9136 Fix very old bug which made rows changed/inserted by a command
9137 visible to the command itself (so we had multiple update of
9138 updated rows, etc.)(Vadim)
9139 Fix for SELECT null, 'fail' FROM pg_am (Patrick)
9140 SELECT NULL as EMPTY_FIELD now allowed(Patrick)
9141 Remove un-needed signal stuff from contrib/pginterface
9142 Fix OR (where x != 1 or x isnull didn't return rows with x NULL) (Vadim)
9143 Fix time_cmp function (Vadim)
9144 Fix handling of functions with non-attribute first argument in
9145 WHERE clauses (Vadim)
9146 Fix GROUP BY when order of entries is different from order
9147 in target list (Vadim)
9148 Fix pg_dump for aggregates without sfunc1 (Vadim)
9152 Default genetic optimizer GEQO parameter is now 8(Bruce)
9153 Allow use parameters in target list having aggregates in functions(Vadim)
9154 Added JDBC driver as an interface(Adrian & Peter)
9156 Return number of rows inserted/affected by INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE etc.(Vadim)
9157 Triggers implemented with CREATE TRIGGER (SQL3)(Vadim)
9158 SPI (Server Programming Interface) allows execution of queries inside
9160 NOT NULL implemented (SQL92)(Robson Paniago de Miranda)
9161 Include reserved words for string handling, outer joins, and unions(Thomas)
9162 Implement extended comments ("/* ... */") using exclusive states(Thomas)
9163 Add "//" single-line comments(Bruce)
9164 Remove some restrictions on characters in operator names(Thomas)
9165 DEFAULT and CONSTRAINT for tables implemented (SQL92)(Vadim & Thomas)
9166 Add text concatenation operator and function (SQL92)(Thomas)
9167 Support WITH TIME ZONE syntax (SQL92)(Thomas)
9168 Support INTERVAL unit TO unit syntax (SQL92)(Thomas)
9169 Define types DOUBLE PRECISION, INTERVAL, CHARACTER,
9170 and CHARACTER VARYING (SQL92)(Thomas)
9171 Define type FLOAT(p) and rudimentary DECIMAL(p,s), NUMERIC(p,s) (SQL92)(Thomas)
9172 Define EXTRACT(), POSITION(), SUBSTRING(), and TRIM() (SQL92)(Thomas)
9173 Define CURRENT_DATE, CURRENT_TIME, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP (SQL92)(Thomas)
9174 Add syntax and warnings for UNION, HAVING, INNER and OUTER JOIN (SQL92)(Thomas)
9175 Add more reserved words, mostly for SQL92 compliance(Thomas)
9176 Allow hh:mm:ss time entry for timespan/reltime types(Thomas)
9177 Add center() routines for lseg, path, polygon(Thomas)
9178 Add distance() routines for circle-polygon, polygon-polygon(Thomas)
9179 Check explicitly for points and polygons contained within polygons
9180 using an axis-crossing algorithm(Thomas)
9181 Add routine to convert circle-box(Thomas)
9182 Merge conflicting operators for different geometric data types(Thomas)
9183 Replace distance operator "<===>" with "<->"(Thomas)
9184 Replace "above" operator "!^" with ">^" and "below" operator "!|" with "<^"(Thomas)
9185 Add routines for text trimming on both ends, substring, and string position(Thomas)
9186 Added conversion routines circle(box) and poly(circle)(Thomas)
9187 Allow internal sorts to be stored in memory rather than in files(Bruce & Vadim)
9188 Allow functions and operators on internally-identical types to succeed(Bruce)
9189 Speed up backend start-up after profiling analysis(Bruce)
9190 Inline frequently called functions for performance(Bruce)
9191 Reduce open() calls(Bruce)
9192 psql: Add PAGER for \h and \?,\C fix
9193 Fix for psql pager when no tty(Bruce)
9194 New entab utility(Bruce)
9195 General trigger functions for referential integrity (Vadim)
9196 General trigger functions for time travel (Vadim)
9197 General trigger functions for AUTOINCREMENT/IDENTITY feature (Vadim)
9198 MOVE implementation (Vadim)
9202 HP-UX 10 patches (Vladimir Turin)
9203 Added SCO support, (Daniel Harris)
9204 MkLinux patches (Tatsuo Ishii)
9205 Change geometric box terminology from "length" to "width"(Thomas)
9206 Deprecate temporary unstored slope fields in geometric code(Thomas)
9207 Remove restart instructions from INSTALL(Bruce)
9208 Look in /usr/ucb first for install(Bruce)
9209 Fix c++ copy example code(Thomas)
9210 Add -o to psql manual page(Bruce)
9211 Prevent relname unallocated string length from being copied into database(Bruce)
9212 Cleanup for NAMEDATALEN use(Bruce)
9213 Fix pg_proc names over 15 chars in output(Bruce)
9214 Add strNcpy() function(Bruce)
9215 remove some (void) casts that are unnecessary(Bruce)
9216 new interfaces directory(Marc)
9217 Replace fopen() calls with calls to fd.c functions(Bruce)
9218 Make functions static where possible(Bruce)
9219 enclose unused functions in #ifdef NOT_USED(Bruce)
9220 Remove call to difftime() in timestamp support to fix SunOS(Bruce & Thomas)
9221 Changes for Digital Unix
9222 Portability fix for pg_dumpall(Bruce)
9223 Rename pg_attribute.attnvals to attdispersion(Bruce)
9224 "intro/unix" manual page now "pgintro"(Bruce)
9225 "built-in" manual page now "pgbuiltin"(Bruce)
9226 "drop" manual page now "drop_table"(Bruce)
9227 Add "create_trigger", "drop_trigger" manual pages(Thomas)
9228 Add constraints regression test(Vadim & Thomas)
9229 Add comments syntax regression test(Thomas)
9230 Add PGINDENT and support program(Bruce)
9231 Massive commit to run PGINDENT on all *.c and *.h files(Bruce)
9232 Files moved to /src/tools directory(Bruce)
9233 SPI and Trigger programming guides (Vadim & D'Arcy)
9239 <sect1 id="release-6-1-1">
9240 <title>Release 6.1.1</title>
9243 <title>Release date</title>
9244 <simpara>1997-07-22</simpara>
9248 <title>Migration from version 6.1 to version 6.1.1</title>
9251 This is a minor bug-fix release. A dump/reload is not required from version 6.1,
9252 but is required from any release prior to 6.1.
9253 Refer to the release notes for 6.1 for more details.
9258 <title>Changes</title>
9262 fix for SET with options (Thomas)
9263 allow pg_dump/pg_dumpall to preserve ownership of all tables/objects(Bruce)
9264 new psql \connect option allows changing usernames without changing databases
9265 fix for initdb --debug option(Yoshihiko Ichikawa))
9266 lextest cleanup(Bruce)
9268 fix date/time month boundary arithmetic(Thomas)
9269 fix timezone daylight handling for some ports(Thomas, Bruce, Tatsuo)
9270 timestamp overhauled to use standard functions(Thomas)
9271 other code cleanup in date/time routines(Thomas)
9272 psql's \d now case-insensitive(Bruce)
9273 psql's backslash commands can now have trailing semicolon(Bruce)
9274 fix memory leak in psql when using \g(Bruce)
9275 major fix for endian handling of communication to server(Thomas, Tatsuo)
9276 Fix for Solaris assembler and include files(Yoshihiko Ichikawa)
9277 allow underscores in usernames(Bruce)
9278 pg_dumpall now returns proper status, portability fix(Bruce)
9284 <sect1 id="release-6-1">
9285 <title>Release 6.1</title>
9288 <title>Release date</title>
9289 <simpara>1997-06-08</simpara>
9293 The regression tests have been adapted and extensively modified for the
9294 6.1 release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
9298 Three new data types (<type>datetime</type>, <type>timespan</type>, and <type>circle</type>) have been added to
9299 the native set of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> types. Points, boxes, paths, and polygons
9300 have had their output formats made consistent across the data types.
9301 The polygon output in misc.out has only been spot-checked for correctness
9302 relative to the original regression output.
9306 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 6.1 introduces a new, alternate
9307 optimizer which uses <firstterm>genetic</firstterm>
9308 algorithms. These algorithms introduce a random behavior in the ordering
9309 of query results when the query contains multiple qualifiers or multiple
9310 tables (giving the optimizer a choice on order of evaluation). Several
9311 regression tests have been modified to explicitly order the results, and
9312 hence are insensitive to optimizer choices. A few regression tests are
9313 for data types which are inherently unordered (e.g. points and time
9314 intervals) and tests involving those types are explicitly bracketed with
9315 <command>set geqo to 'off'</command> and <command>reset geqo</command>.
9319 The interpretation of array specifiers (the curly braces around atomic
9320 values) appears to have changed sometime after the original regression
9321 tests were generated. The current <filename>./expected/*.out</filename> files reflect this
9322 new interpretation, which may not be correct!
9326 The float8 regression test fails on at least some platforms. This is due
9327 to differences in implementations of <function>pow()</function> and <function>exp()</function> and the signaling
9328 mechanisms used for overflow and underflow conditions.
9332 The <quote>random</> results in the random test should cause the
9333 <quote>random</quote> test to be <quote>failed</quote>, since the
9334 regression tests are evaluated using a simple diff. However,
9335 <quote>random</> does not seem to produce random results on my test
9336 machine (Linux/<application>gcc</>/i686).
9340 <title>Migration to version 6.1</title>
9343 This migration requires a complete dump of the 6.0 database and a
9344 restore of the database in 6.1.
9347 Those migrating from earlier 1.* releases should first upgrade to 1.09
9348 because the COPY output format was improved from the 1.02 release.
9353 <title>Changes</title>
9359 packet length checking in library routines
9360 lock manager priority patch
9361 check for under/over flow of float8(Bruce)
9362 multitable join fix(Vadim)
9363 SIGPIPE crash fix(Darren)
9364 large object fixes(Sven)
9365 allow btree indexes to handle NULLs(Vadim)
9366 timezone fixes(D'Arcy)
9367 select SUM(x) can return NULL on no rows(Thomas)
9368 internal optimizer, executor bug fixes(Vadim)
9369 fix problem where inner loop in < or <= has no rows(Vadim)
9370 prevent re-commuting join index clauses(Vadim)
9371 fix join clauses for multiple tables(Vadim)
9372 fix hash, hashjoin for arrays(Vadim)
9373 fix btree for abstime type(Vadim)
9374 large object fixes(Raymond)
9375 fix buffer leak in hash indexes (Vadim)
9376 fix rtree for use in inner scan (Vadim)
9377 fix gist for use in inner scan, cleanups (Vadim, Andrea)
9378 avoid unnecessary local buffers allocation (Vadim, Massimo)
9379 fix local buffers leak in transaction aborts (Vadim)
9380 fix file manager memmory leaks, cleanups (Vadim, Massimo)
9381 fix storage manager memmory leaks (Vadim)
9382 fix btree duplicates handling (Vadim)
9383 fix deleted rows reincarnation caused by vacuum (Vadim)
9384 fix SELECT varchar()/char() INTO TABLE made zero-length fields(Bruce)
9385 many psql, pg_dump, and libpq memory leaks fixed using Purify (Igor)
9389 attribute optimization statistics(Bruce)
9390 much faster new btree bulk load code(Paul)
9391 BTREE UNIQUE added to bulk load code(Vadim)
9392 new lock debug code(Massimo)
9393 massive changes to libpg++(Leo)
9394 new GEQO optimizer speeds table multitable optimization(Martin)
9395 new WARN message for non-unique insert into unique key(Marc)
9396 update x=-3, no spaces, now valid(Bruce)
9397 remove case-sensitive identifier handling(Bruce,Thomas,Dan)
9398 debug backend now pretty-prints tree(Darren)
9399 new Oracle character functions(Edmund)
9400 new plaintext password functions(Dan)
9401 no such class or insufficient privilege changed to distinct messages(Dan)
9402 new ANSI timestamp function(Dan)
9403 new ANSI Time and Date types (Thomas)
9404 move large chunks of data in backend(Martin)
9405 multicolumn btree indexes(Vadim)
9406 new SET var TO value command(Martin)
9407 update transaction status on reads(Dan)
9408 new locale settings for character types(Oleg)
9409 new SEQUENCE serial number generator(Vadim)
9410 GROUP BY function now possible(Vadim)
9411 re-organize regression test(Thomas,Marc)
9412 new optimizer operation weights(Vadim)
9413 new psql \z grant/permit option(Marc)
9414 new MONEY data type(D'Arcy,Thomas)
9415 tcp socket communication speed improved(Vadim)
9416 new VACUUM option for attribute statistics, and for certain columns (Vadim)
9417 many geometric type improvements(Thomas,Keith)
9418 additional regression tests(Thomas)
9419 new datestyle variable(Thomas,Vadim,Martin)
9420 more comparison operators for sorting types(Thomas)
9421 new conversion functions(Thomas)
9422 new more compact btree format(Vadim)
9423 allow pg_dumpall to preserve database ownership(Bruce)
9424 new SET GEQO=# and R_PLANS variable(Vadim)
9425 old (!GEQO) optimizer can use right-sided plans (Vadim)
9426 typechecking improvement in SQL parser(Bruce)
9427 new SET, SHOW, RESET commands(Thomas,Vadim)
9428 new \connect database USER option
9429 new destroydb -i option (Igor)
9430 new \dt and \di psql commands (Darren)
9431 SELECT "\n" now escapes newline (A. Duursma)
9432 new geometry conversion functions from old format (Thomas)
9436 new configuration script(Marc)
9437 readline configuration option added(Marc)
9438 OS-specific configuration options removed(Marc)
9439 new OS-specific template files(Marc)
9440 no more need to edit Makefile.global(Marc)
9441 re-arrange include files(Marc)
9442 nextstep patches (Gregor Hoffleit)
9443 removed Windows-specific code(Bruce)
9444 removed postmaster -e option, now only postgres -e option (Bruce)
9445 merge duplicate library code in front/backends(Martin)
9446 now works with eBones, international Kerberos(Jun)
9447 more shared library support
9448 c++ include file cleanup(Bruce)
9449 warn about buggy flex(Bruce)
9450 DG/UX, Ultrix, IRIX, AIX portability fixes
9456 <sect1 id="release-6-0">
9457 <title>Release 6.0</title>
9460 <title>Release date</title>
9461 <simpara>1997-01-29</simpara>
9465 A dump/restore is required for those wishing to migrate data from
9466 previous releases of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
9470 <title>Migration from version 1.09 to version 6.0</title>
9473 This migration requires a complete dump of the 1.09 database and a
9474 restore of the database in 6.0.
9479 <title>Migration from pre-1.09 to version 6.0</title>
9482 Those migrating from earlier 1.* releases should first upgrade to 1.09
9483 because the COPY output format was improved from the 1.02 release.
9488 <title>Changes</title>
9494 ALTER TABLE bug - running postgress process needs to re-read table definition
9495 Allow vacuum to be run on one table or entire database(Bruce)
9497 Fix array over-runs of memory writes(Kurt)
9498 Fix elusive btree range/non-range bug(Dan)
9499 Fix for hash indexes on some types like time and date
9500 Fix for pg_log size explosion
9501 Fix permissions on lo_export()(Bruce)
9502 Fix unitialized reads of memory(Kurt)
9503 Fixed ALTER TABLE ... char(3) bug(Bruce)
9504 Fixed a few small memory leaks
9505 Fixed EXPLAIN handling of options and changed full_path option name
9506 Fixed output of group acl privileges
9507 Memory leaks (hunt and destroy with tools like Purify(Kurt)
9508 Minor improvements to rules system
9510 New asserts for run-checking
9511 Overhauled parser/analyze code to properly report errors and increase speed
9512 Pg_dump -d now handles NULL's properly(Bruce)
9513 Prevent SELECT NULL from crashing server (Bruce)
9514 Properly report errors when INSERT ... SELECT columns did not match
9515 Properly report errors when insert column names were not correct
9516 psql \g filename now works(Bruce)
9517 psql fixed problem with multiple statements on one line with multiple outputs
9518 Removed duplicate system OIDs
9519 SELECT * INTO TABLE . GROUP/ORDER BY gives unlink error if table exists(Bruce)
9520 Several fixes for queries that crashed the backend
9521 Starting quote in insert string errors(Bruce)
9522 Submitting an empty query now returns empty status, not just " " query(Bruce)
9526 Add EXPLAIN manual page(Bruce)
9527 Add UNIQUE index capability(Dan)
9528 Add hostname/user level access control rather than just hostname and user
9529 Add synonym of != for <>(Bruce)
9530 Allow "select oid,* from table"
9531 Allow BY,ORDER BY to specify columns by number, or by non-alias table.column(Bruce)
9532 Allow COPY from the frontend(Bryan)
9533 Allow GROUP BY to use alias column name(Bruce)
9534 Allow actual compression, not just reuse on the same page(Vadim)
9535 Allow installation-configuration option to auto-add all local users(Bryan)
9536 Allow libpq to distinguish between text value '' and null(Bruce)
9537 Allow non-postgres users with createdb privs to destroydb's
9538 Allow restriction on who can create C functions(Bryan)
9539 Allow restriction on who can do backend COPY(Bryan)
9540 Can shrink tables, pg_time and pg_log(Vadim & Erich)
9541 Change debug level 2 to print queries only, changed debug heading layout(Bruce)
9542 Change default decimal constant representation from float4 to float8(Bruce)
9543 European date format now set when postmaster is started
9544 Execute lowercase function names if not found with exact case
9545 Fixes for aggregate/GROUP processing, allow 'select sum(func(x),sum(x+y) from z'
9546 Gist now included in the distrubution(Marc)
9547 Idend authentication of local users(Bryan)
9548 Implement BETWEEN qualifier(Bruce)
9549 Implement IN qualifier(Bruce)
9550 libpq has PQgetisnull()(Bruce)
9551 libpq++ improvements
9552 New options to initdb(Bryan)
9553 Pg_dump allow dump of OIDs(Bruce)
9554 Pg_dump create indexes after tables are loaded for speed(Bruce)
9555 Pg_dumpall dumps all databases, and the user table
9556 Pginterface additions for NULL values(Bruce)
9557 Prevent postmaster from being run as root
9558 psql \h and \? is now readable(Bruce)
9559 psql allow backslashed, semicolons anywhere on the line(Bruce)
9560 psql changed command prompt for lines in query or in quotes(Bruce)
9561 psql char(3) now displays as (bp)char in \d output(Bruce)
9562 psql return code now more accurate(Bryan?)
9563 psql updated help syntax(Bruce)
9564 Re-visit and fix vacuum(Vadim)
9565 Reduce size of regression diffs, remove timezone name difference(Bruce)
9566 Remove compile-time parameters to enable binary distributions(Bryan)
9567 Reverse meaning of HBA masks(Bryan)
9568 Secure Authentication of local users(Bryan)
9569 Speed up vacuum(Vadim)
9570 Vacuum now had VERBOSE option(Bruce)
9574 All functions now have prototypes that are compared against the calls
9575 Allow asserts to be disabled easly from Makefile.global(Bruce)
9576 Change oid constants used in code to #define names
9577 Decoupled sparc and solaris defines(Kurt)
9578 Gcc -Wall compiles cleanly with warnings only from unfixable constructs
9579 Major include file reorganization/reduction(Marc)
9580 Make now stops on compile failure(Bryan)
9581 Makefile restructuring(Bryan, Marc)
9582 Merge bsdi_2_1 to bsdi(Bruce)
9583 Monitor program removed
9584 Name change from Postgres95 to PostgreSQL
9585 New config.h file(Marc, Bryan)
9586 PG_VERSION now set to 6.0 and used by postmaster
9587 Portability additions, including Ultrix, DG/UX, AIX, and Solaris
9588 Reduced the number of #define's, centeralized #define's
9589 Remove duplicate OIDS in system tables(Dan)
9590 Remove duplicate system catalog info or report mismatches(Dan)
9591 Removed many os-specific #define's
9592 Restructured object file generation/location(Bryan, Marc)
9593 Restructured port-specific file locations(Bryan, Marc)
9594 Unused/uninialized variables corrected
9600 <sect1 id="release-1-09">
9601 <title>Release 1.09</title>
9604 <title>Release date</title>
9605 <simpara>1996-11-04</simpara>
9609 Sorry, we didn't keep track of changes from 1.02 to 1.09. Some of
9610 the changes listed in 6.0 were actually included in the 1.02.1 to 1.09
9615 <sect1 id="release-1-02">
9616 <title>Release 1.02</title>
9619 <title>Release date</title>
9620 <simpara>1996-08-01</simpara>
9624 <title>Migration from version 1.02 to version 1.02.1</title>
9627 Here is a new migration file for 1.02.1. It includes the 'copy' change
9628 and a script to convert old <acronym>ASCII</acronym> files.
9632 The following notes are for the benefit of users who want to migrate
9633 databases from <productname>Postgres95</> 1.01 and 1.02 to <productname>Postgres95</> 1.02.1.
9636 If you are starting afresh with <productname>Postgres95</> 1.02.1 and do not need
9637 to migrate old databases, you do not need to read any further.
9642 In order to upgrade older <productname>Postgres95</> version 1.01 or 1.02 databases to
9643 version 1.02.1, the following steps are required:
9648 Start up a new 1.02.1 postmaster
9653 Add the new built-in functions and operators of 1.02.1 to 1.01 or 1.02
9654 databases. This is done by running the new 1.02.1 server against
9655 your own 1.01 or 1.02 database and applying the queries attached at
9656 the end of the file. This can be done easily through <command>psql</>. If your
9657 1.01 or 1.02 database is named <literal>testdb</literal> and you have cut the commands
9658 from the end of this file and saved them in <filename>addfunc.sql</filename>:
9660 % psql testdb -f addfunc.sql
9663 Those upgrading 1.02 databases will get a warning when executing the
9664 last two statements in the file because they are already present in 1.02. This is
9665 not a cause for concern.
9672 <title>Dump/Reload Procedure</title>
9675 If you are trying to reload a pg_dump or text-mode, <literal>copy tablename to
9676 stdout</literal> generated with a previous version, you will need to run the
9677 attached <command>sed</command> script on the ASCII file before loading it into the
9678 database. The old format used '.' as end-of-data, while '\.' is now the
9679 end-of-data marker. Also, empty strings are now loaded in as '' rather
9680 than NULL. See the copy manual page for full details.
9683 sed 's/^\.$/\\./g' <in_file >out_file
9687 If you are loading an older binary copy or non-<systemitem>stdout</> copy, there is no
9688 end-of-data character, and hence no conversion necessary.
9691 -- following lines added by agc to reflect the case-insensitive
9692 -- regexp searching for varchar (in 1.02), and bpchar (in 1.02.1)
9693 create operator ~* (leftarg = bpchar, rightarg = text, procedure = texticregexeq);
9694 create operator !~* (leftarg = bpchar, rightarg = text, procedure = texticregexne);
9695 create operator ~* (leftarg = varchar, rightarg = text, procedure = texticregexeq);
9696 create operator !~* (leftarg = varchar, rightarg = text, procedure = texticregexne);
9702 <title>Changes</title>
9706 Source code maintenance and development
9707 * worldwide team of volunteers
9708 * the source tree now in CVS at ftp.ki.net
9711 * psql (and underlying libpq library) now has many more options for
9712 formatting output, including HTML
9713 * pg_dump now output the schema and/or the data, with many fixes to
9714 enhance completeness.
9715 * psql used in place of monitor in administration shell scripts.
9716 monitor to be deprecated in next release.
9717 * date/time functions enhanced
9718 * NULL insert/update/comparison fixed/enhanced
9719 * TCL/TK lib and shell fixed to work with both tck7.4/tk4.0 and tcl7.5/tk4.1
9721 Bug Fixes (almost too numerous to mention)
9723 * storage management
9724 * check for NULL pointer before dereferencing
9728 * added SolarisX86 port
9729 * added BSD/OS 2.1 port
9734 Contributors (appologies to any missed)
9735 * Kurt J. Lidl <lidl@va.pubnix.com>
9736 (missed in first run, but no less important)
9737 * Erich Stamberger <eberger@gewi.kfunigraz.ac.at>
9738 * Jason Wright <jason@shiloh.vnet.net>
9739 * Cees de Groot <C.deGroot@inter.NL.net>
9740 * ernst.molitor@uni-bonn.de
9741 * michael.siebenborn@ae3.Hypo.DE (Michael Siebenborn (6929))
9742 * Brian E. Gallew <geek+@cmu.edu>
9743 * Vadim B. Mikheev <vadim@sable.krasnoyarsk.su>
9744 * Adam Sussman <myddryn@vidya.com>
9745 * Chris Dunlop <chris@onthe.net.au>
9746 * Marc G. Fournier <scrappy@ki.net>
9747 * Dan McGuirk <mcguirk@indirect.com>
9748 * Dr_George_D_Detlefsen <drgeorge@ilt.com>
9749 * Erich Stamberger <eberger@gewi.kfunigraz.ac.at>
9750 * Massimo Dal Zotto <dz@cs.unitn.it>
9751 * Randy Kunkee <kunkee@Starbase.NeoSoft.COM>
9752 * Rick Weldon <rick@wisetech.com>
9753 * Thomas van Reimersdahl <reimersd@dali.techinfo.rwth-aachen.de>
9754 * david bennett <dave@bensoft.com>
9755 * ernst.molitor@uni-bonn.de
9756 * Julian Assange <proff@suburbia.net>
9757 * Bruce Momjian <pgman@candle.pha.pa.us>
9758 * Paul "Shag" Walmsley <ccshag@cclabs.missouri.edu>
9759 * "Alistair G. Crooks" <azcb0@sde.uts.amdahl.com>
9764 <sect1 id="release-1-01">
9765 <title>Release 1.01</title>
9768 <title>Release date</title>
9769 <simpara>1996-02-23</simpara>
9774 <title>Migration from version 1.0 to version 1.01</title>
9777 The following notes are for the benefit of users who want to migrate
9778 databases from <productname>Postgres95</> 1.0 to <productname>Postgres95</> 1.01.
9781 If you are starting afresh with <productname>Postgres95</> 1.01 and do not need
9782 to migrate old databases, you do not need to read any further.
9785 In order to <productname>Postgres95</> version 1.01 with databases created with
9786 <productname>Postgres95</> version 1.0, the following steps are required:
9791 Set the definition of <symbol>NAMEDATALEN</symbol> in <filename>src/Makefile.global</filename> to 16
9792 and <symbol>OIDNAMELEN</symbol> to 20.
9797 Decide whether you want to use Host based authentication.
9802 If you do, you must create a file name <literal>pg_hba</literal> in your top-level data
9803 directory (typically the value of your <envar>$PGDATA</envar>). <filename>src/libpq/pg_hba</filename>
9804 shows an example syntax.
9809 If you do not want host-based authentication, you can comment out
9814 in <filename>src/Makefile.global</filename>
9817 Note that host-based authentication is turned on by default, and if
9818 you do not take steps A or B above, the out-of-the-box 1.01 will
9819 not allow you to connect to 1.0 databases.
9827 Compile and install 1.01, but DO NOT do the <command>initdb</command> step.
9832 Before doing anything else, terminate your 1.0 postmaster, and
9833 backup your existing <envar>$PGDATA</envar> directory.
9838 Set your <envar>PGDATA</envar> environment variable to your 1.0 databases, but set up
9839 path up so that 1.01 binaries are being used.
9844 Modify the file <filename><envar>$PGDATA</envar>/PG_VERSION</filename> from 5.0 to 5.1
9849 Start up a new 1.01 postmaster
9854 Add the new built-in functions and operators of 1.01 to 1.0
9855 databases. This is done by running the new 1.01 server against
9856 your own 1.0 database and applying the queries attached and saving
9857 in the file 1.0_to_1.01.sql. This can be done easily through <command>psql</command>.
9858 If your 1.0 database is name <literal>testdb</literal>:
9861 % psql testdb -f 1.0_to_1.01.sql
9864 and then execute the following commands (cut and paste from here):
9867 -- add builtin functions that are new to 1.01
9869 create function int4eqoid (int4, oid) returns bool as 'foo'
9870 language 'internal';
9871 create function oideqint4 (oid, int4) returns bool as 'foo'
9872 language 'internal';
9873 create function char2icregexeq (char2, text) returns bool as 'foo'
9874 language 'internal';
9875 create function char2icregexne (char2, text) returns bool as 'foo'
9876 language 'internal';
9877 create function char4icregexeq (char4, text) returns bool as 'foo'
9878 language 'internal';
9879 create function char4icregexne (char4, text) returns bool as 'foo'
9880 language 'internal';
9881 create function char8icregexeq (char8, text) returns bool as 'foo'
9882 language 'internal';
9883 create function char8icregexne (char8, text) returns bool as 'foo'
9884 language 'internal';
9885 create function char16icregexeq (char16, text) returns bool as 'foo'
9886 language 'internal';
9887 create function char16icregexne (char16, text) returns bool as 'foo'
9888 language 'internal';
9889 create function texticregexeq (text, text) returns bool as 'foo'
9890 language 'internal';
9891 create function texticregexne (text, text) returns bool as 'foo'
9892 language 'internal';
9894 -- add builtin functions that are new to 1.01
9896 create operator = (leftarg = int4, rightarg = oid, procedure = int4eqoid);
9897 create operator = (leftarg = oid, rightarg = int4, procedure = oideqint4);
9898 create operator ~* (leftarg = char2, rightarg = text, procedure = char2icregexeq);
9899 create operator !~* (leftarg = char2, rightarg = text, procedure = char2icregexne);
9900 create operator ~* (leftarg = char4, rightarg = text, procedure = char4icregexeq);
9901 create operator !~* (leftarg = char4, rightarg = text, procedure = char4icregexne);
9902 create operator ~* (leftarg = char8, rightarg = text, procedure = char8icregexeq);
9903 create operator !~* (leftarg = char8, rightarg = text, procedure = char8icregexne);
9904 create operator ~* (leftarg = char16, rightarg = text, procedure = char16icregexeq);
9905 create operator !~* (leftarg = char16, rightarg = text, procedure = char16icregexne);
9906 create operator ~* (leftarg = text, rightarg = text, procedure = texticregexeq);
9907 create operator !~* (leftarg = text, rightarg = text, procedure = texticregexne);
9915 <title>Changes</title>
9920 * 1.01 is backwards compatible with 1.0 database provided the user
9921 follow the steps outlined in the MIGRATION_from_1.0_to_1.01 file.
9922 If those steps are not taken, 1.01 is not compatible with 1.0 database.
9925 * added PQdisplayTuples() to libpq and changed monitor and psql to use it
9926 * added NeXT port (requires SysVIPC implementation)
9927 * added CAST .. AS ... syntax
9928 * added ASC and DESC key words
9929 * added 'internal' as a possible language for CREATE FUNCTION
9930 internal functions are C functions which have been statically linked
9931 into the postgres backend.
9932 * a new type "name" has been added for system identifiers (table names,
9933 attribute names, etc.) This replaces the old char16 type. The
9934 of name is set by the NAMEDATALEN #define in src/Makefile.global
9935 * a readable reference manual that describes the query language.
9936 * added host-based access control. A configuration file ($PGDATA/pg_hba)
9937 is used to hold the configuration data. If host-based access control
9938 is not desired, comment out HBA=1 in src/Makefile.global.
9939 * changed regex handling to be uniform use of Henry Spencer's regex code
9940 regardless of platform. The regex code is included in the distribution
9941 * added functions and operators for case-insensitive regular expressions.
9942 The operators are ~* and !~*.
9943 * pg_dump uses COPY instead of SELECT loop for better performance
9946 * fixed an optimizer bug that was causing core dumps when
9947 functions calls were used in comparisons in the WHERE clause
9948 * changed all uses of getuid to geteuid so that effective uids are used
9949 * psql now returns non-zero status on errors when using -c
9950 * applied public patches 1-14
9956 <sect1 id="release-1-0">
9957 <title>Release 1.0</title>
9960 <title>Release date</title>
9961 <simpara>1995-09-05</simpara>
9965 <title>Changes</title>
9970 * The copyright of <productname>Postgres</productname> 1.0 has been loosened to be freely modifiable
9971 and modifiable for any purpose. Please read the COPYRIGHT file.
9972 Thanks to Professor Michael Stonebraker for making this possible.
9975 * date formats have to be MM-DD-YYYY (or DD-MM-YYYY if you're using
9976 EUROPEAN STYLE). This follows SQL-92 specs.
9977 * "delimiters" is now a key word
9980 * sql LIKE syntax has been added
9981 * copy command now takes an optional USING DELIMITER specification.
9982 delimiters can be any single-character string.
9983 * IRIX 5.3 port has been added.
9984 Thanks to Paul Walmsley and others.
9985 * updated pg_dump to work with new libpq
9986 * \d has been added psql
9987 Thanks to Keith Parks
9988 * regexp performance for architectures that use POSIX regex has been
9989 improved due to caching of precompiled patterns.
9990 Thanks to Alistair Crooks
9991 * a new version of libpq++
9992 Thanks to William Wanders
9995 * arbitrary userids can be specified in the createuser script
9996 * \c to connect to other databases in psql now works.
9997 * bad pg_proc entry for float4inc() is fixed
9998 * users with usecreatedb field set can now create databases without
9999 having to be usesuper
10000 * remove access control entries when the entry no longer has any
10002 * fixed non-portable datetimes implementation
10003 * added kerberos flags to the src/backend/Makefile
10004 * libpq now works with kerberos
10005 * typographic errors in the user manual have been corrected.
10006 * btrees with multiple index never worked, now we tell you they don't
10007 work when you try to use them
10013 <sect1 id="release-0-03">
10014 <title><productname>Postgres95</productname> Release 0.03</title>
10017 <title>Release date</title>
10018 <simpara>1995-07-21</simpara>
10022 <title>Changes</title>
10025 Incompatible changes:
10026 * BETA-0.3 IS INCOMPATIBLE WITH DATABASES CREATED WITH PREVIOUS VERSIONS
10027 (due to system catalog changes and indexing structure changes).
10028 * double-quote (") is deprecated as a quoting character for string literals;
10029 you need to convert them to single quotes ('). <!-- " -->
10030 * name of aggregates (eg. int4sum) are renamed in accordance with the
10031 SQL standard (eg. sum).
10032 * CHANGE ACL syntax is replaced by GRANT/REVOKE syntax.
10033 * float literals (eg. 3.14) are now of type float4 (instead of float8 in
10034 previous releases); you might have to do typecasting if you depend on it
10035 being of type float8. If you neglect to do the typecasting and you assign
10036 a float literal to a field of type float8, you may get incorrect values
10038 * LIBPQ has been totally revamped so that frontend applications
10039 can connect to multiple backends
10040 * the usesysid field in pg_user has been changed from int2 to int4 to
10041 allow wider range of Unix user ids.
10042 * the netbsd/freebsd/bsd o/s ports have been consolidated into a
10043 single BSD44_derived port. (thanks to Alistair Crooks)
10045 SQL standard-compliance (the following details changes that makes postgres95
10046 more compliant to the SQL-92 standard):
10047 * the following SQL types are now built-in: smallint, int(eger), float, real,
10048 char(N), varchar(N), date and time.
10050 The following are aliases to existing postgres types:
10052 integer, int -> int4
10053 float, real -> float4
10054 char(N) and varchar(N) are implemented as truncated text types. In
10055 addition, char(N) does blank-padding.
10056 * single-quote (') is used for quoting string literals; '' (in addition to
10057 \') is supported as means of inserting a single quote in a string
10058 * SQL standard aggregate names (MAX, MIN, AVG, SUM, COUNT) are used
10059 (Also, aggregates can now be overloaded, i.e. you can define your
10060 own MAX aggregate to take in a user-defined type.)
10061 * CHANGE ACL removed. GRANT/REVOKE syntax added.
10062 - Privileges can be given to a group using the "GROUP" key word.
10064 GRANT SELECT ON foobar TO GROUP my_group;
10065 The key word 'PUBLIC' is also supported to mean all users.
10067 Privileges can only be granted or revoked to one user or group
10070 "WITH GRANT OPTION" is not supported. Only class owners can change
10072 - The default access control is to to grant users readonly access.
10073 You must explicitly grant insert/update access to users. To change
10074 this, modify the line in
10075 src/backend/utils/acl.h
10076 that defines ACL_WORLD_DEFAULT
10079 * the bug where aggregates of empty tables were not run has been fixed. Now,
10080 aggregates run on empty tables will return the initial conditions of the
10081 aggregates. Thus, COUNT of an empty table will now properly return 0.
10082 MAX/MIN of an empty table will return a row of value NULL.
10083 * allow the use of \; inside the monitor
10084 * the LISTEN/NOTIFY asynchronous notification mechanism now work
10085 * NOTIFY in rule action bodies now work
10086 * hash indexes work, and access methods in general should perform better.
10087 creation of large btree indexes should be much faster. (thanks to Paul
10090 Other changes and enhancements:
10091 * addition of an EXPLAIN statement used for explaining the query execution
10092 plan (eg. "EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM EMP" prints out the execution plan for
10094 * WARN and NOTICE messages no longer have timestamps on them. To turn on
10095 timestamps of error messages, uncomment the line in
10096 src/backend/utils/elog.h:
10097 /* define ELOG_TIMESTAMPS */
10098 * On an access control violation, the message
10099 "Either no such class or insufficient privilege"
10100 will be given. This is the same message that is returned when
10101 a class is not found. This dissuades non-privileged users from
10102 guessing the existence of privileged classes.
10103 * some additional system catalog changes have been made that are not
10104 visible to the user.
10107 * The -oid option has been added to the "pg_result" tcl command.
10108 pg_result -oid returns oid of the last row inserted. If the
10109 last command was not an INSERT, then pg_result -oid returns "".
10110 * the large object interface is available as pg_lo* tcl commands:
10111 pg_lo_open, pg_lo_close, pg_lo_creat, etc.
10113 Portability enhancements and New Ports:
10114 * flex/lex problems have been cleared up. Now, you should be able to use
10115 flex instead of lex on any platforms. We no longer make assumptions of
10116 what lexer you use based on the platform you use.
10117 * The Linux-ELF port is now supported. Various configuration have been
10118 tested: The following configuration is known to work:
10119 kernel 1.2.10, gcc 2.6.3, libc 4.7.2, flex 2.5.2, bison 1.24
10120 with everything in ELF format,
10123 * ipcclean added to the distribution
10124 ipcclean usually does not need to be run, but if your backend crashes
10125 and leaves shared memory segments hanging around, ipcclean will
10126 clean them up for you.
10129 * the user manual has been revised and libpq documentation added.
10135 <sect1 id="release-0-02">
10136 <title><productname>Postgres95</productname> Release 0.02</title>
10139 <title>Release date</title>
10140 <simpara>1995-05-25</simpara>
10144 <title>Changes</title>
10148 Incompatible changes:
10149 * The SQL statement for creating a database is 'CREATE DATABASE' instead
10150 of 'CREATEDB'. Similarly, dropping a database is 'DROP DATABASE' instead
10151 of 'DESTROYDB'. However, the names of the executables 'createdb' and
10152 'destroydb' remain the same.
10155 * pgperl - a Perl (4.036) interface to Postgres95
10156 * pg_dump - a utility for dumping out a postgres database into a
10157 script file containing query commands. The script files are in a ASCII
10158 format and can be used to reconstruct the database, even on other
10159 machines and other architectures. (Also good for converting
10160 a Postgres 4.2 database to Postgres95 database.)
10162 The following ports have been incorporated into postgres95-beta-0.02:
10163 * the NetBSD port by Alistair Crooks
10164 * the AIX port by Mike Tung
10165 * the Windows NT port by Jon Forrest (more stuff but not done yet)
10166 * the Linux ELF port by Brian Gallew
10168 The following bugs have been fixed in postgres95-beta-0.02:
10169 * new lines not escaped in COPY OUT and problem with COPY OUT when first
10171 * cannot type return to use the default user id in createuser
10172 * SELECT DISTINCT on big tables crashes
10173 * Linux installation problems
10174 * monitor doesn't allow use of 'localhost' as PGHOST
10175 * psql core dumps when doing \c or \l
10176 * the "pgtclsh" target missing from src/bin/pgtclsh/Makefile
10177 * libpgtcl has a hard-wired default port number
10178 * SELECT DISTINCT INTO TABLE hangs
10179 * CREATE TYPE doesn't accept 'variable' as the internallength
10180 * wrong result using more than 1 aggregate in a SELECT
10186 <sect1 id="release-0-01">
10187 <title><productname>Postgres95</productname> Release 0.01</title>
10190 <title>Release date</title>
10191 <simpara>1995-05-01</simpara>
10200 <sect1 id="timing-results">
10201 <title>Timing Results</title>
10204 These timing results are from running the regression test with the commands
10207 % cd src/test/regress
10209 % time make runtest
10213 Timing under Linux 2.0.27 seems to have a roughly 5% variation from run
10214 to run, presumably due to the scheduling vagaries of multitasking systems.
10218 <title>Version 6.5</title>
10221 As has been the case for previous releases, timing between
10222 releases is not directly comparable since new regression tests
10223 have been added. In general, 6.5 is faster than previous
10228 Timing with <function>fsync()</function> disabled:
10232 02:00 Dual Pentium Pro 180, 224MB, UW-SCSI, Linux 2.0.36, gcc 2.7.2.3 -O2 -m486
10233 04:38 Sparc Ultra 1 143MHz, 64MB, Solaris 2.6
10238 Timing with <function>fsync()</function> enabled:
10242 04:21 Dual Pentium Pro 180, 224MB, UW-SCSI, Linux 2.0.36, gcc 2.7.2.3 -O2 -m486
10245 For the <systemitem class="osname">Linux</systemitem> system above, using <acronym>UW-SCSI</acronym> disks rather than (older) <acronym>IDE</acronym>
10246 disks leads to a 50% improvement in speed on the regression test.
10251 <title>Version 6.4beta</title>
10254 The times for this release are not directly comparable to those for previous releases
10255 since some additional regression tests have been included.
10256 In general, however, 6.4 should be slightly faster than the previous release (thanks, Bruce!).
10261 02:26 Dual Pentium Pro 180, 96MB, UW-SCSI, Linux 2.0.30, gcc 2.7.2.1 -O2 -m486
10267 <title>Version 6.3</title>
10270 The times for this release are not directly comparable to those for previous releases
10271 since some additional regression tests have been included and some obsolete tests involving
10272 time travel have been removed.
10273 In general, however, 6.3 is substantially faster than previous releases (thanks, Bruce!).
10278 02:30 Dual Pentium Pro 180, 96MB, UW-SCSI, Linux 2.0.30, gcc 2.7.2.1 -O2 -m486
10279 04:12 Dual Pentium Pro 180, 96MB, EIDE, Linux 2.0.30, gcc 2.7.2.1 -O2 -m486
10285 <title>Version 6.1</title>
10290 06:12 Pentium Pro 180, 32MB, EIDE, Linux 2.0.30, gcc 2.7.2 -O2 -m486
10291 12:06 P-100, 48MB, Linux 2.0.29, gcc
10292 39:58 Sparc IPC 32MB, Solaris 2.5, gcc 2.7.2.1 -O -g
10300 <!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file
10305 sgml-minimize-attributes:nil
10306 sgml-always-quote-attributes:t
10309 sgml-parent-document:nil
10310 sgml-default-dtd-file:"./reference.ced"
10311 sgml-exposed-tags:nil
10312 sgml-local-catalogs:("/usr/lib/sgml/catalog")
10313 sgml-local-ecat-files:nil
projects / postgresql / blob