2 $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/release.sgml,v 1.303 2004/10/24 22:43:56 tgl Exp $
5 <appendix id="release">
6 <title>Release Notes</title>
8 <sect1 id="release-8-0">
9 <title>Release 8.0</title>
12 <title>Release date</title>
13 <simpara>2004-??-??, current as of 2004-08-06</simpara>
17 <title>Overview</title>
20 Major changes in this release:
30 This is the first <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
31 release to natively run on Microsoft Windows as a server. It
32 can run as a Windows service. This release supports NT-based
33 Windows releases like Win2000, XP, Win2003. Older releases
34 like Windows 95, 98, and ME are not supported because these
35 operating systems do not have the infrastructure to support
36 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>. A separate installer
37 project has been created to ease installation on Windows:
38 <ulink url="http://pgfoundry.org/projects/pginstaller">
39 http://pgfoundry.org/projects/pginstaller</ulink>.
42 Although tested throughout our release cycle, the Windows port
43 does not have the benefit of years of use in production
44 environments that PostgreSQL has on Unix platforms and
45 therefore should be treated with the same level of caution as
46 you would a new product.
49 Previous releases required the Unix emulation toolkit Cygwin for
50 Win32 server support. <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
51 has always supported clients on Win32.
63 Savepoints allow specific parts of a transaction to be aborted
64 without affecting the remainder of the transaction. Prior
65 releases had no such capability; there was no way to recover
66 from a statement failure within a transaction except by
67 aborting the whole transaction. This feature is valuable for
68 application writers who require error recovery within a
76 Point-In-Time Recovery
81 Though <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> is very reliable,
82 in previous releases there was no way to recover from disk
83 drive failure except to restore from a previous backup or use
84 a standby replication server. Point-in-time recovery allows
85 continuous backup of the server. You can recover either to
86 the point of failure or to some transaction in the past.
98 Tablespaces allow administrators to select the file systems
99 used for storage of databases, schemas, tables, or
100 indexes. This improves performance and control over disk space
101 usage. Prior releases used <application>initlocation</> and
102 manual symlink management for such tasks.
109 Improved Buffer Management, <command>CHECKPOINT</command>,
110 <command>VACUUM</command>
115 This release has a more intelligent buffer replacement strategy,
116 which will make better use of available shared buffers and
117 improve performance. The performance impact of vacuum and
118 checkpoints is also lessened.
130 A column's data type can now be changed with <command>ALTER
138 New Perl Server-Side Language
143 A new version of the <application>plperl</> server-side language now
144 supports a persistent shared storage area, triggers, returning records
145 and arrays of records, and SPI calls to access the database.
152 CSV support in <command>COPY</command>
157 <command>COPY</command> can now read and write
158 comma-separated-value (CSV) files. It has the flexibility to
159 interpret non-standard quoting and separation characters too.
169 <title>Migration to version 8.0</title>
172 A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application> is
173 required for those wishing to migrate data from any previous
178 Observe the following incompatibilities:
184 Server configuration parameters <varname>virtual_host</> and
185 <varname>tcpip_socket</> have been replaced with a more general
186 parameter <varname>listen_addresses</>. Also, the server now listens on
187 <literal>localhost</> by default, which eliminates the need for the
188 <literal>-i</> postmaster switch in many scenarios.
194 Server configuration parameters <varname>SortMem</> and
195 <varname>VacuumMem</> have been renamed to <varname>work_mem</>
196 and <varname>maintenance_work_mem</> to better reflect their
197 use. The original names are still supported in
198 <command>SET</command> and <command>SHOW</command>.
204 Server configuration parameters <varname>log_pid</>,
205 <varname>log_timestamp</>, and <varname>log_source_port</> have been
206 removed now that a more flexible <varname>log_line_prefix</> has been
213 Server configuration parameter <varname>syslog</> has been removed and
214 replaced with a more logical <varname>log_destination</> variable to
215 control the log output destination.
221 Server configuration parameter <varname>log_statement</> has been
222 changed so it can selectively log just database modification or
223 data definition statements.
229 Server configuration parameter <varname>max_expr_depth</> parameter has
230 been replaced with <varname>max_stack_depth</> which measures the
231 physical stack size rather than the expression nesting depth. This
232 helps prevent session termination due to stack overflow caused by
239 The length() function no longer counts trailing spaces in
246 Casting an integer to BIT(N) selects the rightmost N bits of the
247 integer, not the leftmost N bits as before.
253 UPDATE-ing an element or slice of a NULL array value now produces
254 a non-NULL array result, namely an array containing
255 just the assigned-to positions.
261 Overflow in integer arithmetic operations is now detected and
262 reported as an error.
268 The arithmetic operators associated with the <quote>char</> data type
275 The server now warns of empty strings passed to
276 <type>oid</type>/<type>float4</type>/<type>float8</type> data
277 types. In the next major release, doing this will generate an
284 The extract() function (also called date_part) now returns the proper
285 year for BC dates. It previously returned one less than the current
286 year. The function now also returns the proper values for millennium
293 psql's \copy command now reads or writes the query stdin/stdout, rather
294 than psql's stdin/stdout. The previous behavior can be accessed via new
295 pstdin/pstdout parameters.
300 <para> The JDBC client interface has been removed from the core
301 distribution, and is now hosted at <ulink url=
302 "http://jdbc.postgresql.org">http://jdbc.postgresql.org</ulink>.
303 The TCL client interface has also been removed. There are several
304 TCL interfaces now hosted at <ulink url=
305 "http://gborg.postgresql.org">http://gborg.postgresql.org</ulink>.
311 The server now uses its own time zone database, rather than the
312 one supplied by the operating system. This will provide consistent
313 behavior across all platforms. In most cases, there should be
314 little noticeable difference in time zone behavior, except that
315 the time zone names used by SET/SHOW <varname>TimeZone</> may
316 be different from what your platform provides.
322 <command>EXECUTE</command> now returns a completion tag that
323 matches the executed statement.
329 configure's threading option no longer requires users to run
330 tests or edit configuration files; threading options are now detected
337 Now that tablespaces have been implemented,
338 <application>initlocation</> has been removed.
344 Syntax checking of array input values has been tightened up
345 considerably. Junk that was previously allowed in odd places with
346 odd results now causes an ERROR. Empty-string element values must
347 now be written as <literal>""</>, rather than writing nothing.
348 Also changed behavior with respect to whitespace surrounding array
349 elements: trailing whitespace is now ignored, for symmetry with leading
350 whitespace (which has always been ignored).
356 In <literal>READ COMMITTED</> serialization mode, volatile functions
357 now see the results of concurrent transactions committed up to the
358 beginning of each statement within the function, rather than up to the
359 beginning of the interactive command that called the function.
365 Functions declared <literal>STABLE</> or <literal>IMMUTABLE</> always
366 use the snapshot of the calling query, and therefore do not see the
367 effects of actions taken after the calling query starts, whether in
368 their own transaction or other transactions. Such a function must be
369 read-only, too, meaning that it cannot use any SQL commands other than
376 Non-deferred AFTER triggers are now fired immediately after completion
377 of the triggering query, rather than upon finishing the current
378 interactive command. This makes a difference when the triggering query
379 occurred within a function: the trigger is invoked before the function
380 proceeds to its next operation.
388 <title>Deprecated Features</title>
391 Some aspects of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>'s behavior
392 have been determined to be suboptimal. For the sake of backward
393 compatibility these have not been removed in 8.0, but they are
394 considered deprecated and will be removed in the next major
401 The 8.1 release will remove the function
402 <literal>to_char(interval)</literal>.
408 By default, tables in <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 8.0
409 and earlier are created with OIDs. In the next release, this
410 will <emphasis>not</emphasis> be the case: to create a table
411 that contains OIDs, the <literal>WITH OIDS</literal> clause must
412 be specified or the <varname>default_with_oids</varname>
413 configuration parameter must be enabled. Users are encouraged to
414 explicitly specify <literal>WITH OIDS</literal> if their tables
415 require OIDs for compatibility with future releases of
416 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
423 <title>Changes</title>
426 Below you will find a detailed account of the changes between
427 release 8.0 and the previous major release.
431 <title>Performance Improvements</title>
436 Support cross-data-type index usage (Tom)
439 Before this change, many queries would not use an index if the data
440 types did not match exactly. This improvement makes index usage more
441 intuitive and consistent.
447 New buffer replacement strategy that improves caching (Jan)
450 Prior releases used a least-recently-used (LRU) cache to keep
451 recently referenced pages in memory. The LRU algorithm
452 did not consider the number of times a specific cache entry was
453 accessed, so large table scans could force out useful cache pages.
454 The new cache algorithm uses four separate lists to track most
455 recently used and most frequently used cache pages and dynamically
456 optimize their replacement based on the work load. This should
457 lead to much more efficient use of the shared buffer cache.
458 Administrators who have tested shared buffer sizes in the past
459 should retest with this new cache replacement policy.
465 Add subprocess to write dirty buffers periodically to reduce checkpoint writes (Jan)
468 In previous releases, the checkpoint process, which runs every few
469 minutes, would write all dirty buffers to the operating system's
470 buffer cache then flush all dirty operating system buffers to
471 disk. This often resulted in a periodic spike in disk usage that
472 hurt performance. The new code uses a background writer to trickle
473 disk writes at a steady pace so checkpoints have far fewer dirty
474 pages to write to disk. Also, the new code does not issue a global
475 sync() call, but instead fsync()s just the files written since the
476 last checkpoint. This should improve performance and
477 minimize degradation during checkpoints.
483 Add ability to prolong vacuum to reduce performance impact (Jan)
486 On busy systems, <command>VACUUM</command> performs many I/O
487 requests which can hurt performance for other users. This
488 release allows you to slow down <command>VACUUM</command> to
489 reduce its impact on other users, though this increases the
490 total duration of <command>VACUUM</command>.
496 Improve btree index performance for duplicate keys (Dmitry Tkach, Tom)
499 This improves the way indexes are scanned when many duplicate
500 values exist in the index.
506 Improved index usage with OR clauses (Tom)
509 This allows the optimizer to use indexes in statements with many OR
510 clauses that would not have been indexed in the past. It can also use
511 multi-column indexes where the first column is specified and the second
512 column is part of an OR clause.
518 Improve matching of partial index clauses (Tom)
521 The server is now smarter about using partial indexes in queries
522 involving complex WHERE clauses.
528 Improve performance of the GEQO optimizer (Tom)
531 The GEQO optimizer is used to plan queries involving many tables (by
532 default, twelve or more). This release speeds up the way queries are
533 analyzed to decrease time spent in optimization.
539 Miscellaneous optimizer improvements
542 There is not room here to list all the minor improvements made, but
543 numerous special cases work better than in prior releases.
549 Improve lookup speed for C functions (Tom)
552 This release uses a hash table to lookup information for dynamically
553 loaded C functions. This improves their speed so they perform nearly as
554 quickly as functions that are built into the server executable.
560 Add type-specific <command>ANALYZE</command> statistics
561 capability (Mark Cave-Ayland)
564 This feature allows more flexibility in generating statistics
565 for non-standard data types.
571 Allow collection of <command>ANALYZE</command> statistics for
572 expression indexes (Tom)
575 Expression indexes (also called functional indexes) allow users to
576 index not just columns but the results of expressions and function
577 calls. With this release, the optimizer can gather and use statistics
578 about the contents of expression indexes. This will greatly improve
579 the quality of planning for queries in which an expression index is
586 New two-stage sampling method for <command>ANALYZE</command>
590 This gives better statistics for asymmetric data distributions.
596 Speed up <command>TRUNCATE</command> (Tom)
599 This buys back some of the performance loss observed in 7.4, while still
600 keeping <command>TRUNCATE</command> transaction-safe.
609 <title>Server Changes</title>
614 Add WAL file archiving and point-in-time recovery (Simon Riggs)
620 Add tablespaces so admins can control disk layout (Gavin)
626 Add a built-in log rotation program (Andreas Pflug)
629 It is now possible to log server messages conveniently without
630 relying on either syslog or an external log rotation program.
636 Add new read-only server configuration parameters to query server
637 compile-time settings: <varname>block_size</>,
638 <varname>integer_datetimes</>, <varname>max_function_args</>,
639 <varname>max_identifier_length</>, <varname>max_index_keys</> (Joe)
645 Make quoting of "sameuser", "samegroup", and "all" remove
646 special meaning of these terms in pg_hba.conf (Andrew)
652 Use clearer IPv6 name <literal>::1/128</> for localhost in default
659 Rename server configuration parameters <varname>SortMem</> and
660 <varname>VacuumMem</> to <varname>work_mem</> and
661 <varname>maintenance_work_mem</> (Old names still supported) (Tom)
664 This change was made to clarify that bulk operations such as index and
665 foreign key creation use <varname>maintenance_work_mem</>, while
666 <varname>work_mem</> is for workspaces used during query execution.
672 Allow logging of session disconnections using server configuration
673 <varname>log_disconnections</> (Andrew)
679 Add new server configuration parameter <varname>log_line_prefix</> to
680 allow control of information emitted in each log line (Andrew)
683 Available information includes user name, database name, remote IP
684 address, and session start time.
690 Remove server configuration parameters <varname>log_pid</>,
691 <varname>log_timestamp</>, <varname>log_source_port</>; functionality
692 superseded by <varname>log_line_prefix</> (Andrew)
698 Replace the <varname>virtual_host</> and <varname>tcpip_socket</>
699 parameters with a unified <varname>listen_addresses</> parameter
706 Listen on localhost by default, which eliminates the need for the
707 <literal>-i</> postmaster switch in many scenarios (Andrew)
710 Listening on localhost (127.0.0.1) opens no new security holes but
711 allows configurations like Win32 and JDBC, which do not support
712 local sockets, to work without special adjustments.
718 Remove <varname>syslog</> server configuration parameter, and add more
719 logical <varname>log_destination</> variable to control log output
726 Change server configuration parameter <varname>log_statement</> to take
727 values <varname>all</>, <varname>mod</>, <varname>ddl</>, or
728 <varname>none</> to select which queries are logged (Bruce)
731 This allows administrators to log only data definition changes or
732 only data modification statements.
738 Allow configuration files to be placed outside the data directory (mlw)
741 By default, configuration files sit in the top server directory.
742 With this addition, configuration files can be placed outside the
743 data directory, easing administration.
749 Plan prepared queries only when first executed so constants can be
750 used for statistics (Oliver Jowett)
753 Prepared statements plan queries once and execute them many
754 times. While prepared queries avoid the overhead of re-planning
755 on each use, the quality of the plan suffers from not knowing the exact
756 parameters to be used in the query. In this release, planning of
757 unnamed prepared statements is delayed until the first execution,
758 and the actual parameter values of that execution are used as
765 Allow <command>DECLARE CURSOR</command> to take parameters
769 It is now useful to issue <command>DECLARE CURSOR</command> in a
770 Parse message with parameters. The parameter values sent at
771 Bind time will be substituted into the execution of the cursor's
778 Fix hash joins and aggregates of <type>inet</type> and
779 <type>cidr</type> data types (Tom)
782 Release 7.4 handled hashing of mixed <type>inet</type> and
783 <type>cidr</type> values incorrectly. (This bug did not exist
784 in prior releases because they wouldn't try to hash either
794 <title>Query Changes</title>
799 Add savepoints (nested transactions) (Alvaro)
805 Unsupported isolation levels are now accepted and promoted to the
806 nearest supported level (Peter)
809 The SQL specification states that if a database doesn't support a
810 specific isolation level, it should use the next more restrictive level.
811 This change complies with that recommendation.
817 Allow <command>BEGIN WORK</command> to specify transaction
818 isolation levels like <command>START TRANSACTION</command> does
825 Fix table permission checking for cases in which rules generate
826 a query type different from the originally submitted query (Tom)
832 Implement dollar quoting to simplify single-quote usage (Andrew, Tom,
836 In previous releases, because single quotes had to be used to
837 quote a function's body, the use of single quotes inside the
838 function text required use of two single quotes or other error-prone
839 notations. With this release we add the ability to use "dollar
840 quoting" to quote a block of text. The ability to use different
841 quoting delimiters at different nesting levels greatly simplifies
842 the task of quoting correctly, especially in complex functions.
843 Dollar quoting can be used anywhere quoted text is needed.
849 Make <literal>CASE val WHEN compval1 THEN ...</> evaluate <literal>val</> only once (Tom)
852 CASE no longer evaluates the test expression multiple
853 times. This has benefits when the expression is complex or is
860 Test HAVING before computing target list of an aggregate query (Tom)
863 Fixes improper failure of cases such as SELECT SUM(win)/SUM(lose)
864 ... GROUP BY ... HAVING SUM(lose) > 0. This should work but formerly
865 could fail with divide-by-zero.
871 Replace <varname>max_expr_depth</> parameter with
872 <varname>max_stack_depth</> parameter, measured in kilobytes of stack
876 This gives us a fairly bulletproof defense against crashing due to
877 runaway recursive functions. Instead of measuring the depth of expression
878 nesting, we now directly measure the size of the execution stack.
884 Allow arbitrary row expressions (Tom)
887 This release allows SQL expressions to contain arbitrary composite
888 types, that is, row values. It also allows functions to more easily
889 take rows as arguments and return row values.
895 Allow LIKE/ILIKE to be used as the operator in row and subselect
896 comparisons (Fabien Coelho)
902 Avoid locale-specific case conversion of basic ASCII letters in
903 identifiers and keywords (Tom)
906 This solves the <quote>Turkish problem</> with mangling of words
907 containing <literal>I</> and <literal>i</>. Folding of characters
908 outside the 7-bit-ASCII set is still locale-aware.
914 Improve syntax error reporting (Fabien, Tom)
917 Syntax error reports are more useful than before.
923 Change <command>EXECUTE</command> to return a completion tag
924 matching the executed statement (Kris Jurka)
927 Previous releases return an <command>EXECUTE</command> tag for
928 any <command>EXECUTE</command> call. In this release, the tag
929 returned will reflect the command executed.
935 Avoid emitting NATURAL CROSS JOIN in rule listings (Tom)
938 Such a clause makes no logical sense, but in some cases the rule
939 decompiler formerly produced this syntax.
948 <title>Object Manipulation Changes</title>
953 Add COMMENT ON casts, conversions, languages, operator classes, and
954 large objects (Christopher)
960 Add new server configuration parameter <varname>default_with_oids</> to
961 control whether tables are created with OIDs by default (Neil)
964 This allows administrators to default all <command>CREATE
965 TABLE</command> commands to create tables without OID columns.
971 Add WITH / WITHOUT OIDS clause to <command>CREATE TABLE
978 Allow ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN to drop an OID column
979 (ALTER TABLE SET WITHOUT OIDS still works) (Tom)
985 Allow composite types as table columns (Tom)
991 Allow ALTER ... ADD COLUMN with defaults and NOT NULL constraints;
992 works per SQL spec (Rod)
995 It is now possible for ADD COLUMN to create a column that is not
996 initially filled with NULLs, but with a specified default value.
1002 Add ALTER COLUMN TYPE to change column's type (Rod)
1005 It is now possible to alter a column's datatype without dropping
1006 and re-adding the column.
1012 Allow multiple ALTER actions in a single <command>ALTER
1013 TABLE</command> command (Rod)
1016 This is particularly useful for ALTER commands that rewrite the
1017 table (which include ALTER COLUMN TYPE and ADD COLUMN with a default).
1018 By grouping ALTER commands together, the table need be
1019 rewritten only once.
1025 Allow <command>ALTER TABLE</command> to add <type>serial</type>
1029 This is related to the new capability of adding defaults for new
1036 Allow changing the owners of aggregates, conversions, databases,
1037 functions, operators, operator classes, schemas, types, and tablespaces
1038 (Christopher, Euler Taveira de Oliveira)
1041 Previously this required modifying the system tables directly.
1047 Allow temporary object creation to be limited to SECURITY DEFINER
1048 functions (Sean Chittenden)
1054 Add ALTER TABLE ... SET WITHOUT CLUSTER (Christopher)
1057 Prior to this release, there was no way to clear an auto-cluster
1058 specification except to modify the system tables.
1064 Constraint/Index/SERIAL names are now table_column_type with numbers
1065 appended to guarantee uniqueness within the schema (Tom)
1068 The SQL specification states that such names should be unique
1075 Add pg_get_serial_sequence() to return a serial column's
1076 sequence name (Christopher)
1079 This allows automated scripts to reliabily find the serial
1086 Warn when primary/foreign key datatype mismatch requires costly lookup
1094 <title>Utility Command Changes</title>
1099 Allow <command>CREATE SCHEMA</command> to create triggers,
1100 indexes, and sequences (Neil)
1106 Add ALSO keyword to <command>CREATE RULE</command> (Fabien
1110 This allows ALSO to be added to rule creation to contrast it with
1117 Add NOWAIT option to <command>LOCK</command> (Tatsuo)
1120 This allows the <command>LOCK</command> command to fail if it
1121 would have to wait for the requested lock.
1127 Allow <command>COPY</command> to read and write
1128 comma-separated-value (CSV) files (Andrew, Bruce)
1134 Generate error if the <command>COPY</command> delimiter and NULL
1135 string conflict (Bruce)
1141 <command>GRANT</command>/<command>REVOKE</command> behavior
1142 follows the SQL spec more closely
1148 Avoid locking conflict between <command>CREATE INDEX</command>
1149 and <command>CHECKPOINT</command> (Tom)
1152 In 7.3 and 7.4, a long-running btree index build could block concurrent
1153 CHECKPOINTs from completing, thereby causing WAL bloat because the
1154 WAL log could not be recycled.
1160 Database-wide <command>ANALYZE</command> does not hold locks
1164 This reduces the potential for deadlocks against other backends
1165 that want exclusive locks on tables. To get the benefit of this
1166 change, do not execute database-wide <command>ANALYZE</command>
1167 inside a transaction block (<command>BEGIN</command> block); it
1168 must be able to commit and start a new transaction for each
1175 <command>REINDEX</command> does not exclusively lock the index's
1176 parent table anymore
1179 The index itself is still exclusively locked, but readers of the
1180 table can continue if they are not using the particular index
1187 Erase MD5 user passwords when a user is renamed (Bruce)
1190 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> uses the user name as salt
1191 when encrypting passwords via MD5. When a user name is changed,
1192 their salt no longer matches the stored MD5 password, so the
1193 stored password becomes useless. In this release a notice is
1194 generated and the password is cleared. A new password must then
1201 New pg_ctl <literal>kill</> option for Win32 (Andrew)
1204 Win32 does not have a <literal>kill</> command to send signals to
1205 backends so this capability was added to pg_ctl.
1211 Information schema improvements
1217 Add --pwfile option to <application>initdb</application> so the
1218 initial password can be set by GUI tools (Magnus)
1224 Detect locale/encoding mismatch in
1225 <application>initdb</application> (Peter)
1234 <title>Data Type and Function Changes</title>
1239 More complete support for composite types (row types) (Tom)
1242 Composite values can be used in many places where only scalar values
1249 Reject non-rectangular array values as erroneous (Joe)
1252 Formerly, <literal>array_in</literal> would silently build a
1259 Overflow in integer arithmetic operations is now detected (Tom)
1265 The arithmetic operators associated with the <quote>char</> data type
1269 Formerly, the parser would select these operators in many situations
1270 where an <quote>unable to select an operator</> error would be more
1271 appropriate, such as <literal>null * null</>. If you actually want
1272 to do arithmetic on a <quote>char</> column, you can cast it to integer.
1278 Syntax checking of array input values considerably tightened up (Joe)
1281 Junk that was previously allowed in odd places with odd results now
1282 causes an ERROR: for example, non-whitespace after the closing
1289 Empty-string array element values must now be written as
1290 <literal>""</>, rather than writing nothing (Joe)
1293 Formerly, both ways of writing an empty-string element value were
1294 allowed, but now a quoted empty string is required. The case where
1295 nothing at all appears will probably be taken over to mean a NULL
1296 element value in some future release.
1302 Array element trailing whitespace is now ignored (Joe)
1305 Formerly leading whitespace was ignored, but trailing whitespace
1306 between an element value and the delimiter or right brace was
1307 significant. Now trailing whitespace is also ignored.
1313 Emit array values with explicit array bounds when lower bound is not one
1320 Accept YYYY-monthname-DD as a date string (Tom)
1326 Make netmask() and hostmask() functions return maximum-length
1333 Change factorial function to return <type>numeric</type> (Gavin)
1336 Returning <type>numeric</type> allows the factorial function to
1337 work for a wider range of input values.
1343 to_char/to_date date conversion improvements (Kurt Roeckx)
1349 Make length() disregard trailing spaces in CHAR(n) (Gavin)
1352 This change was made to improve consistency: trailing spaces are
1353 semantically insignificant in CHAR(n) data, so they should not be
1354 counted by length().
1360 Warn of empty string being passed to oid/float4/float8 data types (Neil)
1363 8.1 will throw an error instead.
1369 Allow int2/int4/int8/float4/float8 input routines to have leading
1370 or trailing whitespace (Neil)
1376 Better support for IEEE Infinity and NaN values in
1377 <type>float4</type>, <type>float8</type> (Neil)
1380 These should now work on all platforms that support IEEE-compliant
1381 floating point arithmetic.
1387 Add "week" to date_trunc options (Robert Creager)
1393 Fix to_char for 1 BC (previously it returned 1 AD) (Bruce)
1399 Fix to_char(year) for BC dates (previously it returned one less than
1400 the correct year) (Bruce)
1406 Fix date_part() to return the proper millennium and century (Fabien
1410 In previous versions, the century and millennium results had a wrong
1411 number and started in the wrong year, as compared to standard
1412 reckoning of such things.
1418 Add ceiling() as an alias for ceil(), and power() as an alias for pow()
1419 for standards compliance (Neil)
1425 Change ln(), log(), power(), and sqrt() to emit the correct SQLSTATE
1426 error codes for certain error conditions, as specified by SQL2003
1433 Add width_bucket() function as defined by SQL2003 (Neil)
1439 Add generate_series() functions to simplify working with numeric sets (Joe)
1445 Fix upper/lower/initcap functions to work with multibyte encodings (Tom)
1451 Add boolean and bitwise integer AND/OR aggregates (Fabien Coelho)
1457 New session information functions to return network addresses for client
1458 and server (Sean Chittenden)
1464 Add function to determine the area of a closed path (Sean Chittenden)
1470 Add function to send cancel request to other backends (Magnus)
1476 Add interval plus datetime operators (Tom)
1479 The reverse ordering, datetime plus interval, was already supported,
1480 but both are required by the SQL standard.
1486 Casting an integer to BIT(N) selects the rightmost N bits of the integer
1490 In prior releases, the leftmost N bits were selected, but this was
1491 deemed unhelpful, not to mention inconsistent with casting from bit
1501 <title>Server-Side Language Changes</title>
1506 In <literal>READ COMMITTED</> serialization mode, volatile functions
1507 now see the results of concurrent transactions committed up to the
1508 beginning of each statement within the function, rather than up to the
1509 beginning of the interactive command that called the function.
1515 Functions declared <literal>STABLE</> or <literal>IMMUTABLE</> always
1516 use the snapshot of the calling query, and therefore do not see the
1517 effects of actions taken after the calling query starts, whether in
1518 their own transaction or other transactions. Such a function must be
1519 read-only, too, meaning that it cannot use any SQL commands other than
1526 Non-deferred AFTER triggers are now fired immediately after completion
1527 of the triggering query, rather than upon finishing the current
1528 interactive command. This makes a difference when the triggering query
1529 occurred within a function: the trigger is invoked before the function
1530 proceeds to its next operation. For example, if a function inserts
1531 a new row into a table, any non-deferred foreign key checks occur
1532 before proceeding with the function.
1538 Allow function parameters to be declared with names (Dennis Bjorklund)
1541 This allows better documentation of functions. Whether the names
1542 actually do anything depends on the specific function language
1549 Allow PL/pgSQL parameter names to be referenced in the function (Dennis Bjorklund)
1552 This basically creates an automatic alias for each named parameter.
1558 Do minimal syntax checking of PL/pgSQL functions at creation time (Tom)
1561 This allows us to catch simple syntax errors sooner.
1567 More support for composite types (row and record variables) in PL/pgSQL
1570 For example, it now works to pass a rowtype variable to another function
1571 as a single variable.
1577 Default values for PL/pgSQL variables can now reference previously
1584 Improve parsing of PL/pgSQL FOR loops (Tom)
1587 Parsing is now driven by presence of ".." rather than datatype of FOR
1588 variable. This makes no difference for correct functions, but should
1589 result in more understandable error messages when a mistake is made.
1595 Major overhaul of PL/Perl server-side language (Command Prompt, Andrew Dunstan)
1604 <title>psql Changes</title>
1609 Improve psql information display about database objects (Christopher)
1615 Allow psql to display group membership in \du and \dg (Markus Bertheau)
1621 Prevent psql \dn from showing temporary schemas (Bruce)
1627 Allow psql to handle tilde user expansion for file names (Zach Irmen)
1633 Allow psql to display fancy prompts, including color, via readline
1634 (Reece Hart, Chet Ramey)
1640 Make psql \copy match <command>COPY</command> command syntax
1647 Show the location of syntax errors (Fabien Coelho, Tom)
1653 Add <command>CLUSTER</command> information to psql \d display
1660 Change psql \copy stdin/stdout to read from command input/output (Bruce)
1666 Add pstdin/pstdout to read from psql's stdin/stdout (Mark Feit)
1672 Add global psql config file, <filename>psqlrc.sample</filename>
1676 This allows a central file where global psql startup commands can
1683 Have psql \d+ indicate if the table has an OID column (Neil)
1689 On Windows, use binary mode in psql when reading files so control-Z
1690 is not seen as end-of-file
1696 Have \dn+ show permissions and description for schemas (Dennis
1706 <title>pg_dump Changes</title>
1711 Use dependency information to improve the reliability of pg_dump (Tom)
1717 Have pg_dump output objects in alphabetical order if possible (Tom)
1720 This should make it easier to identify changes between
1727 Allow pg_restore to ignore some SQL errors (Fabien Coelho)
1730 This makes pg_restore's behavior similar to the results of feeding
1731 a pg_dump output script to psql. In most cases, ignoring errors and
1732 plowing ahead is the most useful thing to do.
1738 pg_restore -l display now includes objects' schema names
1744 New begin/end markers in pg_dump text output (Bruce)
1750 Add start/stop times for pg_dump/pg_dumpall in verbose mode (Bruce)
1756 Allow most pg_dump options in pg_dumpall (Christopher)
1762 Have pg_dump use ALTER OWNER rather than SET SESSION
1763 AUTHORIZATION by default (Christopher)
1772 <title>libpq Changes</title>
1777 Make libpq SIGPIPE thread-safe (Bruce)
1783 Add PQmbdsplen() which returns the "display length" of a character (Tatsuo)
1789 Add thread locking to SSL and Kerberos connections (Manfred Spraul)
1795 Allow PQoidValue(), PQcmdTuples(), and PQoidStatus() to work on
1796 <command>EXECUTE</command> commands (Neil)
1805 <title>Source Code Changes</title>
1810 Allow the database server to run natively on Win32 (Claudio, Magnus, Andrew)
1816 Shell script commands converted to C versions for Win32 support (Andrew)
1822 Create an extension makefile framework (Fabien Coelho, Peter)
1825 This simplifies the task of building extensions outside the original
1832 Support relocatable installations (Bruce)
1835 Directory paths for installed files (such as the /share directory)
1836 are now computed relative to the actual location of the executables,
1837 so that an installation tree can be moved to another place without
1838 reconfiguring and rebuilding.
1844 Use --with-docdir to choose installation location of documentation; also
1845 allow --infodir (Peter)
1851 Add --without-docdir to prevent installation of documentation (Peter)
1857 Upgrade to DocBook V4.2 SGML (Peter)
1863 New "PostgreSQL" CVS tag (Marc)
1866 This was done to make it easier for organizations to manage
1867 their own copies of the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
1868 CVS repository. File version stamps from the master repository
1869 will not get munged by checking into or out of a copied
1876 Clarify locking code (Manfred Koizar)
1882 Buffer manager cleanup (Neil)
1888 Decouple platform tests from cpu spinlock code (Bruce, Tom)
1894 Add inlined test-and-set code on PA-RISC for gcc (ViSolve, Tom)
1900 Improve i386 spinlock code (Manfred Spraul)
1906 Clean up spinlock assembly code to avoid warnings from newer gcc
1913 Remove JDBC from source tree; now a separate project
1919 Remove the libpgtcl client interface; now a separate project
1926 More accurately estimate memory and file descriptor usage (Tom)
1932 Improvements to the Mac OS X startup scripts (Ray A.)
1938 New fsync test program (Bruce)
1944 Major documentation improvements (Neil, Peter)
1950 Remove contrib/rserv: obsoleted by various separate projects
1956 Remove <application>pg_encoding</application>; not needed
1963 Remove <application>pg_id</application>; not needed anymore
1969 Remove <application>initlocation</application>; not needed
1976 Auto detect thread flags (no more manual testing) (Bruce)
1982 Use Olson's public domain timezone library (Magnus)
1988 With threading enabled, use thread flags on Unixware for
1989 backend executables too (Bruce)
1992 Unixware can not mix threaded and non-threaded object files in the
1993 same executable, so everything must be compiled as threaded.
1999 psql now uses a flex-generated lexical analyzer to process command strings
2005 Reimplement the linked list data structure used throughout the
2009 This improves performance by allowing list append and length
2010 operations to be more efficient.
2016 Allow dynamically loaded modules to create their own server configuration
2017 parameters (Thomas Hallgren)
2023 New Brazilian version of FAQ (Euler Taveira de Oliveira)
2029 Add French FAQ (Guillaume Lelarge)
2035 New pgevent for Win32 logging
2041 Make libpq and ecpg build as proper shared libraries on OS X (Tom)
2050 <title>Contrib Changes</title>
2055 Many ecpg fixes, including SET DESCRIPTOR (Michael)
2061 Overhaul of /contrib/dblink (Joe)
2067 /contrib/dbmirror improvements
2073 New /contrib/xml2 (John Gray, Torchbox)
2079 Update /contrib/mysql
2085 New version of /contrib/btree_gist (Teodor)
2091 New /contrib/trgm, trigram matching for
2092 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> (Teodor)
2098 Many /contrib/tsearch2 improvements (Teodor)
2104 Add double metaphone to /contrib/fuzzystrmatch (Andrew)
2114 <sect1 id="release-7-4-6">
2115 <title>Release 7.4.6</title>
2118 <title>Release date</title>
2119 <simpara>2004-10-22</simpara>
2123 This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.5.
2128 <title>Migration to version 7.4.6</title>
2131 A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.
2136 <title>Changes</title>
2139 <listitem><para>Repair possible failure to update hint bits on disk</para>
2141 Under rare circumstances this oversight could lead to
2142 <quote>could not access transaction status</> failures, which qualifies
2143 it as a potential-data-loss bug.
2145 <listitem><para>Ensure that hashed outer join does not miss tuples</para>
2147 Very large left joins using a hash join plan could fail to output unmatched
2148 left-side rows given just the right data distribution.
2150 <listitem><para>Disallow running pg_ctl as root</para>
2152 This is to guard against any possible security issues.
2154 <listitem><para>Avoid using temp files in /tmp in make_oidjoins_check</para>
2156 This has been reported as a security issue, though it's hardly worthy of
2157 concern since there is no reason for non-developers to use this script anyway.
2159 <listitem><para>Prevent forced backend shutdown from re-emitting prior command
2162 In rare cases, a client might think that its last command had succeeded when
2163 it really had been aborted by forced database shutdown.
2165 <listitem><para>Repair bug in pg_stat_get_backend_idset()</para>
2167 This could lead to misbehavior in some of the system-statistics views.
2169 <listitem><para>Fix small memory leak in postmaster</para></listitem>
2170 <listitem><para>Fix <quote>expected both swapped tables to have TOAST
2171 tables</> bug</para>
2173 This could arise in cases such as CLUSTER after ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN.
2175 <listitem><para>Prevent <literal>pg_ctl restart</> from adding <literal>-D</> multiple times</para></listitem>
2176 <listitem><para>Fix problem with NULL values in GiST indexes</para></listitem>
2177 <listitem><para><literal>::</> is no longer interpreted as a variable in an
2178 ECPG prepare statement</para></listitem>
2184 <sect1 id="release-7-4-5">
2185 <title>Release 7.4.5</title>
2188 <title>Release date</title>
2189 <simpara>2004-08-18</simpara>
2193 This release contains one serious bug fix over 7.4.4.
2198 <title>Migration to version 7.4.5</title>
2201 A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.
2206 <title>Changes</title>
2209 <listitem><para>Repair possible crash during concurrent btree index insertions</para>
2211 This patch fixes a rare case in which concurrent insertions into a btree index
2212 could result in a server panic. No permanent damage would result, but it's
2213 still worth a re-release. The bug does not exist in pre-7.4 releases.
2220 <sect1 id="release-7-4-4">
2221 <title>Release 7.4.4</title>
2224 <title>Release date</title>
2225 <simpara>2004-08-16</simpara>
2229 This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.3.
2234 <title>Migration to version 7.4.4</title>
2237 A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.
2242 <title>Changes</title>
2245 <listitem><para>Prevent possible loss of committed transactions during crash</para>
2247 Due to insufficient interlocking between transaction commit and checkpointing,
2248 it was possible for transactions committed just before the most recent
2249 checkpoint to be lost, in whole or in part, following a database crash and
2250 restart. This is a serious bug that has existed
2251 since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
2253 <listitem><para>Check HAVING restriction before evaluating result list of an
2254 aggregate plan</para></listitem>
2255 <listitem><para>Avoid crash when session's current userID is deleted</para></listitem>
2256 <listitem><para>Fix hashed crosstab for zero-rows case (Joe)</para></listitem>
2257 <listitem><para>Force cache update after renaming a column in a foreign key</para></listitem>
2258 <listitem><para>Pretty-print UNION queries correctly</para></listitem>
2259 <listitem><para>Make psql handle <literal>\r\n</> newlines properly in COPY IN</para></listitem>
2260 <listitem><para>pg_dump handled ACLs with grant options incorrectly</para></listitem>
2261 <listitem><para>Fix thread support for OS X and Solaris</para></listitem>
2262 <listitem><para>Updated JDBC driver (build 215) with various fixes</para></listitem>
2263 <listitem><para>ECPG fixes</para></listitem>
2264 <listitem><para>Translation updates (various contributors)</para></listitem>
2270 <sect1 id="release-7-4-3">
2271 <title>Release 7.4.3</title>
2274 <title>Release date</title>
2275 <simpara>2004-06-14</simpara>
2279 This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.2.
2284 <title>Migration to version 7.4.3</title>
2287 A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.
2292 <title>Changes</title>
2295 <listitem><para>Fix temporary memory leak when using non-hashed aggregates (Tom)</para></listitem>
2296 <listitem><para>ECPG fixes, including some for Informix compatibility (Michael)</para></listitem>
2297 <listitem><para>Fixes for compiling with thread-safety, particularly Solaris (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2298 <listitem><para>Fix error in COPY IN termination when using the old network protocol (ljb)</para></listitem>
2299 <listitem><para>Several important fixes in pg_autovacuum, including fixes for
2300 large tables, unsigned oids, stability, temp tables, and debug mode
2301 (Matthew T. O'Connor)</para></listitem>
2302 <listitem><para>Fix problem with reading tar-format dumps on NetBSD and BSD/OS (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2303 <listitem><para>Several JDBC fixes</para></listitem>
2304 <listitem><para>Fix ALTER SEQUENCE RESTART where last_value equals the restart value (Tom)</para></listitem>
2305 <listitem><para>Repair failure to recalculate nested sub-selects (Tom)</para></listitem>
2306 <listitem><para>Fix problems with non-constant expressions in LIMIT/OFFSET</para></listitem>
2307 <listitem><para>Support FULL JOIN with no join clause, such as X FULL JOIN Y ON TRUE (Tom)</para></listitem>
2308 <listitem><para>Fix another zero-column table bug (Tom)</para></listitem>
2309 <listitem><para>Improve handling of non-qualified identifiers in GROUP BY clauses in sub-selects (Tom)</para>
2311 Select-list aliases within the sub-select will now take precedence over
2312 names from outer query levels.
2314 <listitem><para>Do not generate <quote>NATURAL CROSS JOIN</> when decompiling rules (Tom)</para></listitem>
2315 <listitem><para>Add checks for invalid field length in binary COPY (Tom)</para>
2317 This fixes a difficult-to-exploit security hole.
2319 <listitem><para>Avoid locking conflict between <command>ANALYZE</command> and <command>LISTEN</command>/<command>NOTIFY</command></para></listitem>
2320 <listitem><para>Numerous translation updates (various contributors)</para></listitem>
2326 <sect1 id="release-7-4-2">
2327 <title>Release 7.4.2</title>
2330 <title>Release date</title>
2331 <simpara>2004-03-08</simpara>
2335 This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.1.
2340 <title>Migration to version 7.4.2</title>
2343 A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X. However,
2344 it may be advisable as the easiest method of incorporating fixes for
2345 two errors that have been found in the initial contents of 7.4.X system
2346 catalogs. A dump/initdb/reload sequence using 7.4.2's initdb will
2347 automatically correct these problems.
2351 The more severe of the two errors is that data type <type>anyarray</>
2352 has the wrong alignment label; this is a problem because the
2353 <structname>pg_statistic</> system catalog uses <type>anyarray</>
2354 columns. The mislabeling can cause planner misestimations and even
2355 crashes when planning queries that involve <literal>WHERE</> clauses on
2356 double-aligned columns (such as <type>float8</> and <type>timestamp</>).
2357 It is strongly recommended that all installations repair this error,
2358 either by initdb or by following the manual repair procedure given
2363 The lesser error is that the system view <structname>pg_settings</>
2364 ought to be marked as having public update access, to allow
2365 <literal>UPDATE pg_settings</> to be used as a substitute for
2366 <command>SET</>. This can also be fixed either by initdb or manually,
2367 but it is not necessary to fix unless you want to use <literal>UPDATE
2372 If you wish not to do an initdb, the following procedure will work
2373 for fixing <structname>pg_statistic</>. As the database superuser,
2377 -- clear out old data in pg_statistic:
2378 DELETE FROM pg_statistic;
2379 VACUUM pg_statistic;
2380 -- this should update 1 row:
2381 UPDATE pg_type SET typalign = 'd' WHERE oid = 2277;
2382 -- this should update 6 rows:
2383 UPDATE pg_attribute SET attalign = 'd' WHERE atttypid = 2277;
2385 -- At this point you MUST start a fresh backend to avoid a crash!
2387 -- repopulate pg_statistic:
2391 This can be done in a live database, but beware that all backends
2392 running in the altered database must be restarted before it is safe to
2393 repopulate <structname>pg_statistic</>.
2397 To repair the <structname>pg_settings</> error, simply do:
2399 GRANT SELECT, UPDATE ON pg_settings TO PUBLIC;
2404 The above procedures must be carried out in <emphasis>each</> database
2405 of an installation, including <literal>template1</>, and ideally
2406 including <literal>template0</> as well. If you do not fix the
2407 template databases then any subsequently created databases will contain
2408 the same errors. <literal>template1</> can be fixed in the same way
2409 as any other database, but fixing <literal>template0</> requires
2410 additional steps. First, from any database issue
2412 UPDATE pg_database SET datallowconn = true WHERE datname = 'template0';
2414 Next connect to <literal>template0</> and perform the above repair
2415 procedures. Finally, do
2417 -- re-freeze template0:
2419 -- and protect it against future alterations:
2420 UPDATE pg_database SET datallowconn = false WHERE datname = 'template0';
2426 <title>Changes</title>
2429 Release 7.4.2 incorporates all the fixes included in release 7.3.6,
2430 plus the following fixes:
2434 <listitem><para>Fix <structname>pg_statistics</> alignment bug that could crash optimizer</para>
2435 <para>See above for details about this problem.</para></listitem>
2436 <listitem><para>Allow non-super users to update <structname>pg_settings</></para></listitem>
2437 <listitem><para>Fix several optimizer bugs, most of which led to
2438 <quote>variable not found in subplan target lists</> errors</para></listitem>
2439 <listitem><para>Avoid out-of-memory failure during startup of large multiple
2440 index scan</para></listitem>
2441 <listitem><para>Fix multibyte problem that could lead to <quote>out of
2442 memory</> error during <command>COPY IN</></para></listitem>
2443 <listitem><para>Fix problems with <command>SELECT INTO</> / <command>CREATE
2444 TABLE AS</> from tables without OIDs</para></listitem>
2445 <listitem><para>Fix problems with <filename>alter_table</> regression test
2446 during parallel testing</para></listitem>
2447 <listitem><para>Fix problems with hitting open file limit, especially on OS X (Tom)</para></listitem>
2448 <listitem><para>Partial fix for Turkish-locale issues</para>
2449 <para>initdb will succeed now in Turkish locale, but there are still some
2450 inconveniences associated with the <literal>i/I</> problem.</para></listitem>
2451 <listitem><para>Make pg_dump set client encoding on restore</para></listitem>
2452 <listitem><para>Other minor pg_dump fixes</para></listitem>
2453 <listitem><para>Allow ecpg to again use C keywords as column names (Michael)</para></listitem>
2454 <listitem><para>Added ecpg <literal>WHENEVER NOT_FOUND</> to
2455 <literal>SELECT/INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE</> (Michael)</para></listitem>
2456 <listitem><para>Fix ecpg crash for queries calling set-returning functions (Michael)</para></listitem>
2457 <listitem><para>Various other ecpg fixes (Michael)</para></listitem>
2458 <listitem><para>Fixes for Borland compiler</para></listitem>
2459 <listitem><para>Thread build improvements (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2460 <listitem><para>Various other build fixes</para></listitem>
2461 <listitem><para>Various JDBC fixes</para></listitem>
2467 <sect1 id="release-7-4-1">
2468 <title>Release 7.4.1</title>
2471 <title>Release date</title>
2472 <simpara>2003-12-22</simpara>
2476 This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.
2481 <title>Migration to version 7.4.1</title>
2484 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
2489 If you want to install the fixes in the information schema
2490 you need to reload it into the database.
2491 This is either accomplished by initializing a new cluster
2492 by running <command>initdb</command>, or by running the following
2493 sequence of SQL commands in each database (ideally including
2494 <literal>template1</literal>) as a superuser in
2495 <application>psql</application>, after installing the new release:
2497 DROP SCHEMA information_schema CASCADE;
2498 \i /usr/local/pgsql/share/information_schema.sql
2500 Substitute your installation path in the second command.
2506 <title>Changes</title>
2509 <listitem><para>Fixed bug in <command>CREATE SCHEMA</command> parsing in ECPG (Michael)</para></listitem>
2510 <listitem><para>Fix compile error when <option>--enable-thread-safety</option> and <option>--with-perl</option> are used together (Peter)</para></listitem>
2511 <listitem><para>Fix for subqueries that used hash joins (Tom)</para>
2513 Certain subqueries that used hash joins would crash because of
2514 improperly shared structures.
2516 <listitem><para>Fix free space map compaction bug (Tom)</para>
2518 This fixes a bug where compaction of the free space map could lead
2519 to a database server shutdown.
2522 <listitem><para>Fix for Borland compiler build of libpq (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2523 <listitem><para>Fix <function>netmask()</function> and <function>hostmask()</function> to return the maximum-length masklen (Tom)</para>
2525 Fix these functions to return values consistent with pre-7.4
2529 <listitem><para>Several <filename>contrib/pg_autovacuum</filename> fixes</para>
2531 Fixes include improper variable initialization, missing vacuum after
2532 <command>TRUNCATE</command>, and duration computation overflow for long vacuums.
2535 <listitem><para>Allow compile of <filename>contrib/cube</filename> under Cygwin (Jason Tishler)</para></listitem>
2536 <listitem><para>Fix Solaris use of password file when no passwords are defined (Tom)</para>
2538 Fix crash on Solaris caused by use of any type of password
2539 authentication when no passwords were defined.
2542 <listitem><para>JDBC fix for thread problems, other fixes</para></listitem>
2543 <listitem><para>Fix for <type>bytea</type> index lookups (Joe)</para></listitem>
2544 <listitem><para>Fix information schema for bit data types (Peter)</para></listitem>
2545 <listitem><para>Force zero_damaged_pages to be on during recovery from WAL</para></listitem>
2546 <listitem><para>Prevent some obscure cases of <quote>variable not in subplan target lists</quote></para></listitem>
2547 <listitem><para>Make <function>PQescapeBytea</function> and <function>byteaout</function> consistent with each other (Joe)</para></listitem>
2548 <listitem><para>Escape <type>bytea</type> output for bytes > 0x7e(Joe)</para>
2550 If different client encodings are used for <type>bytea</type> output and input, it
2551 is possible for <type>bytea</type> values to be corrupted by the differing
2552 encodings. This fix escapes all bytes that might be affected.
2555 <listitem><para>Added missing <function>SPI_finish()</function> calls to dblink's <function>get_tuple_of_interest()</function> (Joe)</para></listitem>
2556 <listitem><para>New Czech FAQ</para></listitem>
2557 <listitem><para>Fix information schema view <literal>constraint_column_usage</literal> for foreign keys (Peter)</para></listitem>
2558 <listitem><para>ECPG fixes (Michael)</para></listitem>
2559 <listitem><para>Fix bug with multiple <literal>IN</literal> subqueries and joins in the subqueries (Tom)</para></listitem>
2560 <listitem><para>Alllow <literal>COUNT('x')</literal> to work (Tom)</para></listitem>
2561 <listitem><para>Install ECPG include files for Informix compatibility into separate directory (Peter)</para>
2563 Some names of ECPG include files for Informix compatibility conflicted with operating system include files.
2564 By installing them in their own directory, name conflicts have been reduced.
2567 <listitem><para>Fix SSL memory leak (Neil)</para>
2569 This release fixes a bug in 7.4 where SSL didn't free all memory it allocated.
2572 <listitem><para>Prevent <filename>pg_service.conf</filename> from using service name as default dbname (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2573 <listitem><para>Fix local ident authentication on FreeBSD (Tom)</para></listitem>
2579 <sect1 id="release-7-4">
2580 <title>Release 7.4</title>
2583 <title>Release date</title>
2584 <simpara>2003-11-17</simpara>
2588 <title>Overview</title>
2591 Major changes in this release:
2596 <literal>IN</literal> / <literal>NOT IN</literal> subqueries are
2597 now much more efficient
2602 In previous releases, <literal>IN</literal>/<literal>NOT
2603 IN</literal> subqueries were joined to the upper query by
2604 sequentially scanning the subquery looking for a match. The
2605 7.4 code uses the same sophisticated techniques used by
2606 ordinary joins and so is much faster. An
2607 <literal>IN</literal> will now usually be as fast as or faster
2608 than an equivalent <literal>EXISTS</literal> subquery; this
2609 reverses the conventional wisdom that applied to previous
2617 Improved <literal>GROUP BY</literal> processing by using hash buckets
2622 In previous releases, rows to be grouped had to be sorted
2623 first. The 7.4 code can do <literal>GROUP BY</literal>
2624 without sorting, by accumulating results into a hash table
2625 with one entry per group. It will still use the sort
2626 technique, however, if the hash table is estimated to be too
2627 large to fit in <varname>sort_mem</>.
2634 New multikey hash join capability
2639 In previous releases, hash joins could only occur on single
2640 keys. This release allows multicolumn hash joins.
2647 Queries using the explicit <literal>JOIN</literal> syntax are
2648 now better optimized
2653 Prior releases evaluated queries using the explicit
2654 <literal>JOIN</literal> syntax only in the order implied by
2655 the syntax. 7.4 allows full optimization of these queries,
2656 meaning the optimizer considers all possible join orderings
2657 and chooses the most efficient. Outer joins, however, must
2658 still follow the declared ordering.
2665 Faster and more powerful regular expression code
2670 The entire regular expression module has been replaced with a
2671 new version by Henry Spencer, originally written for Tcl. The
2672 code greatly improves performance and supports several flavors
2673 of regular expressions.
2680 Function-inlining for simple SQL functions
2685 Simple SQL functions can now be inlined by including their SQL
2686 in the main query. This improves performance by eliminating
2687 per-call overhead. That means simple SQL functions now
2695 Full support for IPv6 connections and IPv6 address data types
2700 Previous releases allowed only IPv4 connections, and the IP
2701 data types only supported IPv4 addresses. This release adds
2702 full IPv6 support in both of these areas.
2709 Major improvements in SSL performance and reliability
2714 Several people very familiar with the SSL API have overhauled
2715 our SSL code to improve SSL key negotiation and error
2723 Make free space map efficiently reuse empty index pages,
2724 and other free space management improvements
2729 In previous releases, B-tree index pages that were left empty
2730 because of deleted rows could only be reused by rows with
2731 index values similar to the rows originally indexed on that
2732 page. In 7.4, <command>VACUUM</command> records empty index
2733 pages and allows them to be reused for any future index rows.
2740 SQL-standard information schema
2745 The information schema provides a standardized and stable way
2746 to access information about the schema objects defined in a
2754 Cursors conform more closely to the SQL standard
2759 The commands <command>FETCH</command> and
2760 <command>MOVE</command> have been overhauled to conform more
2761 closely to the SQL standard.
2768 Cursors can exist outside transactions
2773 These cursors are also called holdable cursors.
2780 New client-to-server protocol
2785 The new protocol adds error codes, more status information,
2786 faster startup, better support for binary data transmission,
2787 parameter values separated from SQL commands, prepared
2788 statements available at the protocol level, and cleaner
2789 recovery from <command>COPY</command> failures. The older
2790 protocol is still supported by both server and clients.
2797 <application>libpq</application> and
2798 <application>ECPG</application> applications are now fully
2804 While previous <application>libpq</application> releases
2805 already supported threads, this release improves thread safety
2806 by fixing some non-thread-safe code that was used during
2807 database connection startup. The <command>configure</command>
2808 option <option>--enable-thread-safety</option> must be used to
2809 enable this feature.
2816 New version of full-text indexing
2821 A new full-text indexing suite is available in
2822 <filename>contrib/tsearch2</filename>.
2834 The new autovacuum tool in
2835 <filename>contrib/autovacuum</filename> monitors the database
2836 statistics tables for
2837 <command>INSERT</command>/<command>UPDATE</command>/<command>DELETE</command>
2838 activity and automatically vacuums tables when needed.
2845 Array handling has been improved and moved into the server core
2850 Many array limitations have been removed, and arrays behave
2851 more like fully-supported data types.
2860 <title>Migration to version 7.4</title>
2863 A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application> is
2864 required for those wishing to migrate data from any previous
2869 Observe the following incompatibilities:
2874 The server-side autocommit setting was removed and
2875 reimplemented in client applications and languages.
2876 Server-side autocommit was causing too many problems with
2877 languages and applications that wanted to control their own
2878 autocommit behavior, so autocommit was removed from the server
2879 and added to individual client APIs as appropriate.
2885 Error message wording has changed substantially in this
2886 release. Significant effort was invested to make the messages
2887 more consistent and user-oriented. If your applications try to
2888 detect different error conditions by parsing the error message,
2889 you are strongly encouraged to use the new error code facility instead.
2895 Inner joins using the explicit <literal>JOIN</literal> syntax
2896 may behave differently because they are now better
2903 A number of server configuration parameters have been renamed
2904 for clarity, primarily those related to
2911 <literal>FETCH 0</literal> or <literal>MOVE 0</literal> now
2912 does nothing. In prior releases, <literal>FETCH 0</literal>
2913 would fetch all remaining rows, and <literal>MOVE 0</literal>
2914 would move to the end of the cursor.
2920 <command>FETCH</command> and <command>MOVE</command> now return
2921 the actual number of rows fetched/moved, or zero if at the
2922 beginning/end of the cursor. Prior releases would return the
2923 row count passed to the command, not the number of rows
2924 actually fetched or moved.
2930 <command>COPY</command> now can process files that use
2931 carriage-return or carriage-return/line-feed end-of-line
2932 sequences. Literal carriage-returns and line-feeds are no
2933 longer accepted in data values; use <literal>\r</literal> and
2934 <literal>\n</literal> instead.
2940 Trailing spaces are now trimmed when converting from type
2941 <type>char(<replaceable>n</>)</type> to
2942 <type>varchar(<replaceable>n</>)</type> or <type>text</type>.
2943 This is what most people always expected to happen anyway.
2949 The data type <type>float(<replaceable>p</>)</type> now
2950 measures <replaceable>p</> in binary digits, not decimal
2951 digits. The new behavior follows the SQL standard.
2957 Ambiguous date values now must match the ordering specified by
2958 the <varname>datestyle</varname> setting. In prior releases, a
2959 date specification of <literal>10/20/03</> was interpreted as a
2960 date in October even if <varname>datestyle</> specified that
2961 the day should be first. 7.4 will throw an error if a date
2962 specification is invalid for the current setting of
2963 <varname>datestyle</>.
2969 The functions <function>oidrand</function>,
2970 <function>oidsrand</function>, and
2971 <function>userfntest</function> have been removed. These
2972 functions were determined to be no longer useful.
2978 String literals specifying time-varying date/time values, such
2979 as <literal>'now'</literal> or <literal>'today'</literal> will
2980 no longer work as expected in column default expressions; they
2981 now cause the time of the table creation to be the default, not
2982 the time of the insertion. Functions such as
2983 <function>now()</>, <function>current_timestamp</>, or
2984 <function>current_date</function> should be used instead.
2988 In previous releases, there was special code so that strings
2989 such as <literal>'now'</literal> were interpreted at
2990 <command>INSERT</> time and not at table creation time, but
2991 this work around didn't cover all cases. Release 7.4 now
2992 requires that defaults be defined properly using functions such
2993 as <function>now()</> or <function>current_timestamp</>. These
2994 will work in all situations.
3000 The dollar sign (<literal>$</>) is no longer allowed in
3001 operator names. It can instead be a non-first character in
3002 identifiers. This was done to improve compatibility with other
3003 database systems, and to avoid syntax problems when parameter
3004 placeholders (<literal>$<replaceable>n</></>) are written
3005 adjacent to operators.
3013 <title>Changes</title>
3016 Below you will find a detailed account of the changes between
3017 release 7.4 and the previous major release.
3021 <title>Server Operation Changes</title>
3026 Allow IPv6 server connections (Nigel Kukard, Johan Jordaan,
3027 Bruce, Tom, Kurt Roeckx, Andrew Dunstan)
3033 Fix SSL to handle errors cleanly (Nathan Mueller)
3036 In prior releases, certain SSL API error reports were not
3037 handled correctly. This release fixes those problems.
3043 SSL protocol security and performance improvements (Sean Chittenden)
3046 SSL key renegotiation was happening too frequently, causing poor
3047 SSL performance. Also, initial key handling was improved.
3053 Print lock information when a deadlock is detected (Tom)
3056 This allows easier debugging of deadlock situations.
3062 Update <filename>/tmp</filename> socket modification times
3063 regularly to avoid their removal (Tom)
3066 This should help prevent <filename>/tmp</filename> directory
3067 cleaner administration scripts from removing server socket
3072 <listitem><para>Enable PAM for Mac OS X (Aaron Hillegass)</para></listitem>
3075 <para>Make B-tree indexes fully WAL-safe (Tom)</para>
3077 In prior releases, under certain rare cases, a server crash
3078 could cause B-tree indexes to become corrupt. This release
3079 removes those last few rare cases.
3083 <listitem><para>Allow B-tree index compaction and empty page reuse (Tom)</para></listitem>
3087 Fix inconsistent index lookups during split of first root page (Tom)
3090 In prior releases, when a single-page index split into two
3091 pages, there was a brief period when another database session
3092 could miss seeing an index entry. This release fixes that rare
3097 <listitem><para>Improve free space map allocation logic (Tom)</para></listitem>
3100 <para>Preserve free space information between server restarts (Tom)</para>
3102 In prior releases, the free space map was not saved when the
3103 postmaster was stopped, so newly started servers had no free
3104 space information. This release saves the free space map, and
3105 reloads it when the server is restarted.
3109 <listitem><para>Add start time to <literal>pg_stat_activity</literal> (Neil)</para></listitem>
3110 <listitem><para>New code to detect corrupt disk pages; erase with <varname>zero_damaged_pages</varname> (Tom)</para></listitem>
3111 <listitem><para>New client/server protocol: faster, no username length limit, allow clean exit from <command>COPY</command> (Tom)</para></listitem>
3112 <listitem><para>Add transaction status, table ID, column ID to client/server protocol (Tom)</para></listitem>
3113 <listitem><para>Add binary I/O to client/server protocol (Tom)</para></listitem>
3114 <listitem><para>Remove autocommit server setting; move to client applications (Tom)</para></listitem>
3115 <listitem><para>New error message wording, error codes, and three levels of error detail (Tom, Joe, Peter)</para></listitem>
3120 <title>Performance Improvements</title>
3123 <listitem><para>Add hashing for <literal>GROUP BY</literal> aggregates (Tom)</para></listitem>
3124 <listitem><para>Make nested-loop joins be smarter about multicolumn indexes (Tom)</para></listitem>
3125 <listitem><para>Allow multikey hash joins (Tom)</para></listitem>
3126 <listitem><para>Improve constant folding (Tom)</para></listitem>
3127 <listitem><para>Add ability to inline simple SQL functions (Tom)</para></listitem>
3130 <para>Reduce memory usage for queries using complex functions (Tom)</para>
3132 In prior releases, functions returning allocated memory would
3133 not free it until the query completed. This release allows the
3134 freeing of function-allocated memory when the function call
3135 completes, reducing the total memory used by functions.
3140 <para>Improve GEQO optimizer performance (Tom)</para>
3142 This release fixes several inefficiencies in the way the GEQO optimizer
3143 manages potential query paths.
3149 Allow <literal>IN</>/<literal>NOT IN</> to be handled via hash
3156 Improve <literal>NOT IN (<replaceable>subquery</>)</literal>
3163 Allow most <literal>IN</literal> subqueries to be processed as
3170 Pattern matching operations can use indexes regardless of
3174 There is no way for non-ASCII locales to use the standard
3175 indexes for <literal>LIKE</literal> comparisons. This release
3176 adds a way to create a special index for
3177 <literal>LIKE</literal>.
3182 <para>Allow the postmaster to preload libraries using <varname>preload_libraries</varname> (Joe)</para>
3184 For shared libraries that require a long time to load, this
3185 option is available so the library can be preloaded in the
3186 postmaster and inherited by all database sessions.
3192 Improve optimizer cost computations, particularly for subqueries (Tom)
3198 Avoid sort when subquery <literal>ORDER BY</literal> matches upper query (Tom)
3204 Deduce that <literal>WHERE a.x = b.y AND b.y = 42</literal> also
3205 means <literal>a.x = 42</literal> (Tom)
3211 Allow hash/merge joins on complex joins (Tom)
3217 Allow hash joins for more data types (Tom)
3223 Allow join optimization of explicit inner joins, disable with
3224 <varname>join_collapse_limit</varname> (Tom)
3230 Add parameter <varname>from_collapse_limit</varname> to control
3231 conversion of subqueries to joins (Tom)
3237 Use faster and more powerful regular expression code from Tcl
3238 (Henry Spencer, Tom)
3244 Use bit-mapped relation sets in the optimizer (Tom)
3249 <para>Improve connection startup time (Tom)</para>
3251 The new client/server protocol requires fewer network packets to
3252 start a database session.
3258 Improve trigger/constraint performance (Stephan)
3264 Improve speed of <literal>col IN (const, const, const, ...)</literal> (Tom)
3270 Fix hash indexes which were broken in rare cases (Tom)
3274 <listitem><para>Improve hash index concurrency and speed (Tom)</para>
3276 Prior releases suffered from poor hash index performance,
3277 particularly for high concurrency situations. This release fixes
3278 that, and the development group is interested in reports
3279 comparing B-tree and hash index performance.
3284 <para>Align shared buffers on 32-byte boundary for copy speed improvement (Manfred Spraul)</para>
3286 Certain CPU's perform faster data copies when addresses are
3292 <para>Data type <type>numeric</type> reimplemented for better performance (Tom)</para>
3294 <type>numeric</type> used to be stored in base 100. The new code
3295 uses base 10000, for significantly better performance.
3302 <title>Server Configuration Changes</title>
3306 <para>Rename server parameter <varname>server_min_messages</> to <varname>log_min_messages</> (Bruce)</para>
3308 This was done so most parameters that control the server logs
3309 begin with <literal>log_</>.
3313 <listitem><para>Rename <varname>show_*_stats</> to <varname>log_*_stats</> (Bruce)</para></listitem>
3314 <listitem><para>Rename <varname>show_source_port</> to <varname>log_source_port</> (Bruce)</para></listitem>
3315 <listitem><para>Rename <varname>hostname_lookup</> to <varname>log_hostname</> (Bruce)</para></listitem>
3318 <para>Add <varname>checkpoint_warning</> to warn of excessive checkpointing (Bruce)</para>
3320 In prior releases, it was difficult to determine if checkpoint
3321 was happening too frequently. This feature adds a warning to the
3322 server logs when excessive checkpointing happens.
3326 <listitem><para>New read-only server parameters for localization (Tom)</para></listitem>
3330 Change debug server log messages to output as <literal>DEBUG</>
3331 rather than <literal>LOG</> (Bruce)
3336 <para>Prevent server log variables from being turned off by non-superusers (Bruce)</para>
3338 This is a security feature so non-superusers cannot disable
3339 logging that was enabled by the administrator.
3345 <varname>log_min_messages</>/<varname>client_min_messages</> now
3346 controls <varname>debug_*</> output (Bruce)
3349 This centralizes client debug information so all debug output
3350 can be sent to either the client or server logs.
3355 <para>Add Mac OS X Rendezvous server support (Chris Campbell)</para>
3357 This allows Mac OS X hosts to query the network for available
3358 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> servers.
3364 Add ability to print only slow statements using
3365 <varname>log_min_duration_statement</varname>
3369 This is an often requested debugging feature that allows
3370 administrators to see only slow queries in their server logs.
3375 <para>Allow <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename> to accept netmasks in CIDR format (Andrew Dunstan)</para>
3377 This allows administrators to merge the host IP address and
3378 netmask fields into a single CIDR field in <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename>.
3382 <listitem><para>New read-only parameter <varname>is_superuser</varname> (Tom)</para></listitem>
3385 <para>New parameter <varname>log_error_verbosity</varname> to control error detail (Tom)</para>
3387 This works with the new error reporting feature to supply
3388 additional error information like hints, file names and line
3394 <para><literal>postgres --describe-config</literal> now dumps server config variables (Aizaz Ahmed, Peter)</para>
3396 This option is useful for administration tools that need to know
3397 the configuration variable names and their minimums, maximums,
3398 defaults, and descriptions.
3404 Add new columns in <literal>pg_settings</literal>:
3405 <literal>context</>, <literal>type</>, <literal>source</>,
3406 <literal>min_val</>, <literal>max_val</> (Joe)
3412 Make default <varname>shared_buffers</> 1000 and
3413 <varname>max_connections</> 100, if possible (Tom)
3416 Prior versions defaulted to 64 shared buffers so <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
3417 would start on even very old systems. This release tests the
3418 amount of shared memory allowed by the platform and selects more
3419 reasonable default values if possible. Of course, users are
3420 still encouraged to evaluate their resource load and size
3421 <varname>shared_buffers</varname> accordingly.
3427 New <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename> record type
3428 <literal>hostnossl</> to prevent SSL connections (Jon
3432 In prior releases, there was no way to prevent SSL connections
3433 if both the client and server supported SSL. This option allows
3440 Remove parameter <varname>geqo_random_seed</varname>
3447 Add server parameter <varname>regex_flavor</varname> to control regular expression processing (Tom)
3453 Make <command>pg_ctl</command> better handle nonstandard ports (Greg)
3460 <title>Query Changes</title>
3463 <listitem><para>New SQL-standard information schema (Peter)</para></listitem>
3464 <listitem><para>Add read-only transactions (Peter)</para></listitem>
3465 <listitem><para>Print key name and value in foreign-key violation messages (Dmitry Tkach)</para></listitem>
3468 <para>Allow users to see their own queries in <literal>pg_stat_activity</literal> (Kevin Brown)</para>
3470 In prior releases, only the superuser could see query strings
3471 using <literal>pg_stat_activity</literal>. Now ordinary users
3472 can see their own query strings.
3477 <para>Fix aggregates in subqueries to match SQL standard (Tom)</para>
3479 The SQL standard says that an aggregate function appearing
3480 within a nested subquery belongs to the outer query if its
3481 argument contains only outer-query variables. Prior
3482 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> releases did not handle
3483 this fine point correctly.
3488 <para>Add option to prevent auto-addition of tables referenced in query (Nigel J. Andrews)</para>
3490 By default, tables mentioned in the query are automatically
3491 added to the <literal>FROM</> clause if they are not already
3492 there. This is compatible with historic
3493 <productname>POSTGRES</productname> behavior but is contrary to
3494 the SQL standard. This option allows selecting
3495 standard-compatible behavior.
3500 <para>Allow <literal>UPDATE ... SET col = DEFAULT</literal> (Rod)</para>
3502 This allows <command>UPDATE</command> to set a column to its
3503 declared default value.
3508 <para>Allow expressions to be used in <literal>LIMIT</>/<literal>OFFSET</> (Tom)</para>
3510 In prior releases, <literal>LIMIT</>/<literal>OFFSET</> could
3511 only use constants, not expressions.
3516 <para>Implement <literal>CREATE TABLE AS EXECUTE</literal> (Neil, Peter)</para>
3522 <title>Object Manipulation Changes</title>
3526 <para>Make <command>CREATE SEQUENCE</command> grammar more conforming to SQL 2003 (Neil)</para>
3530 <para>Add statement-level triggers (Neil)</para>
3532 While this allows a trigger to fire at the end of a statement,
3533 it does not allow the trigger to access all rows modified by the
3534 statement. This capability is planned for a future release.
3539 <para>Add check constraints for domains (Rod)</para>
3541 This greatly increases the usefulness of domains by allowing
3542 them to use check constraints.
3547 <para>Add <command>ALTER DOMAIN</command> (Rod)</para>
3549 This allows manipulation of existing domains.
3554 <para>Fix several zero-column table bugs (Tom)</para>
3556 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> supports zero-column tables. This fixes various bugs
3557 that occur when using such tables.
3562 <para>Have <literal>ALTER TABLE ... ADD PRIMARY KEY</literal> add not-null constraint (Rod)</para>
3564 In prior releases, <literal>ALTER TABLE ... ADD
3565 PRIMARY</literal> would add a unique index, but not a not-null
3566 constraint. That is fixed in this release.
3570 <listitem><para>Add <literal>ALTER TABLE ... WITHOUT OIDS</literal> (Rod)</para>
3572 This allows control over whether new and updated rows will have
3573 an OID column. This is most useful for saving storage space.
3579 Add <literal>ALTER SEQUENCE</literal> to modify minimum, maximum,
3580 increment, cache, cycle values (Rod)
3585 <para>Add <literal>ALTER TABLE ... CLUSTER ON</literal> (Alvaro Herrera)</para>
3587 This command is used by <command>pg_dump</command> to record the
3588 cluster column for each table previously clustered. This
3589 information is used by database-wide cluster to cluster all
3590 previously clustered tables.
3594 <listitem><para>Improve automatic type casting for domains (Rod, Tom)</para></listitem>
3595 <listitem><para>Allow dollar signs in identifiers, except as first character (Tom)</para></listitem>
3596 <listitem><para>Disallow dollar signs in operator names, so <literal>x=$1</> works (Tom)</para></listitem>
3600 Allow copying table schema using <literal>LIKE
3601 <replaceable>subtable</replaceable></literal>, also SQL 2003
3602 feature <literal>INCLUDING DEFAULTS</literal> (Rod)
3608 Add <literal>WITH GRANT OPTION</literal> clause to
3609 <command>GRANT</command> (Peter)
3612 This enabled <command>GRANT</command> to give other users the
3613 ability to grant privileges on a object.
3620 <title>Utility Command Changes</title>
3624 <para>Add <literal>ON COMMIT</literal> clause to <command>CREATE TABLE</command> for temporary tables (Gavin)</para>
3626 This adds the ability for a table to be dropped or all rows
3627 deleted on transaction commit.
3632 <para>Allow cursors outside transactions using <literal>WITH HOLD</literal> (Neil)</para>
3634 In previous releases, cursors were removed at the end of the
3635 transaction that created them. Cursors can now be created with
3636 the <literal>WITH HOLD</literal> option, which allows them to
3637 continue to be accessed after the creating transaction has
3643 <para><literal>FETCH 0</literal> and <literal>MOVE 0 </literal> now do nothing (Bruce)</para>
3645 In previous releases, <literal>FETCH 0</literal> fetched all
3646 remaining rows, and <literal>MOVE 0</literal> moved to the end
3653 Cause <command>FETCH</command> and <command>MOVE</command> to
3654 return the number of rows fetched/moved, or zero if at the
3655 beginning/end of cursor, per SQL standard (Bruce)
3658 In prior releases, the row count returned by
3659 <command>FETCH</command> and <command>MOVE</command> did not
3660 accurately reflect the number of rows processed.
3665 <para>Properly handle <literal>SCROLL</literal> with cursors, or
3666 report an error (Neil)</para>
3668 Allowing random access (both forward and backward scrolling) to
3669 some kinds of queries cannot be done without some additional
3670 work. If <literal>SCROLL</literal> is specified when the cursor
3671 is created, this additional work will be performed. Furthermore,
3672 if the cursor has been created with <literal>NO SCROLL</literal>,
3673 no random access is allowed.
3679 Implement SQL-compatible options <literal>FIRST</>,
3680 <literal>LAST</>, <literal>ABSOLUTE <replaceable>n</></>,
3681 <literal>RELATIVE <replaceable>n</></> for
3682 <command>FETCH</command> and <command>MOVE</command> (Tom)
3687 <para>Allow <command>EXPLAIN</command> on <command>DECLARE CURSOR</command> (Tom)</para>
3691 <para>Allow <command>CLUSTER</command> to use index marked as pre-clustered by default (Alvaro Herrera)</para>
3695 <para>Allow <command>CLUSTER</command> to cluster all tables (Alvaro Herrera)</para>
3697 This allows all previously clustered tables in a database to be
3698 reclustered with a single command.
3702 <listitem><para>Prevent <command>CLUSTER</command> on partial indexes (Tom)</para></listitem>
3704 <listitem><para>Allow DOS and Mac line-endings in <command>COPY</> files (Bruce)</para></listitem>
3708 Disallow literal carriage return as a data value,
3709 backslash-carriage-return and <literal>\r</> are still allowed
3715 <para><command>COPY</> changes (binary, <literal>\.</>) (Tom)</para>
3719 <para>Recover from <command>COPY</command> failure cleanly (Tom)</para>
3723 <para>Prevent possible memory leaks in <command>COPY</command> (Tom)</para>
3727 <para>Make <command>TRUNCATE</command> transaction-safe (Rod)</para>
3729 <command>TRUNCATE</command> can now be used inside a
3730 transaction. If the transaction aborts, the changes made by the
3731 <command>TRUNCATE</command> are automatically rolled back.
3737 Allow prepare/bind of utility commands like
3738 <command>FETCH</command> and <command>EXPLAIN</command> (Tom)
3743 <para>Add <command>EXPLAIN EXECUTE</command> (Neil)</para>
3747 <para>Improve <command>VACUUM</command> performance on indexes by reducing WAL traffic (Tom)</para>
3751 <para>Functional indexes have been generalized into indexes on expressions (Tom)</para>
3753 In prior releases, functional indexes only supported a simple
3754 function applied to one or more column names. This release
3755 allows any type of scalar expression.
3761 Have <command>SHOW TRANSACTION ISOLATION</command> match input
3762 to <command>SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION</command>
3769 Have <command>COMMENT ON DATABASE</command> on nonlocal
3770 database generate a warning, rather than an error (Rod)
3774 Database comments are stored in database-local tables so
3775 comments on a database have to be stored in each database.
3781 Improve reliability of <command>LISTEN</>/<command>NOTIFY</> (Tom)
3786 <para>Allow <command>REINDEX</command> to reliably reindex nonshared system catalog indexes (Tom)</para>
3788 This allows system tables to be reindexed without the
3789 requirement of a standalone session, which was necessary in
3790 previous releases. The only tables that now require a standalone
3791 session for reindexing are the global system tables
3792 <literal>pg_database</>, <literal>pg_shadow</>, and
3793 <literal>pg_group</>.
3800 <title>Data Type and Function Changes</title>
3805 New server parameter <varname>extra_float_digits</varname> to
3806 control precision display of floating-point numbers (Pedro
3810 This controls output precision which was causing regression
3815 <listitem><para>Allow <literal>+1300</literal> as a numeric time-zone specifier, for FJST (Tom)</para></listitem>
3819 Remove rarely used functions <function>oidrand</>,
3820 <function>oidsrand</>, and <function>userfntest</> functions
3826 <para>Add <function>md5()</> function to main server, already in <filename>contrib/pgcrypto</filename> (Joe)</para>
3828 An MD5 function was frequently requested. For more complex
3829 encryption capabilities, use
3830 <filename>contrib/pgcrypto</filename>.
3834 <listitem><para>Increase date range of <type>timestamp</type> (John Cochran)</para></listitem>
3838 Change <literal>EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM timestamp)</literal> so
3839 <type>timestamp without time zone</type> is assumed to be in
3840 local time, not GMT (Tom)
3844 <listitem><para>Trap division by zero in case the operating system doesn't prevent it (Tom)</para></listitem>
3845 <listitem><para>Change the <type>numeric</type> data type internally to base 10000 (Tom)</para></listitem>
3846 <listitem><para>New <function>hostmask()</function> function (Greg Wickham)</para></listitem>
3847 <listitem><para>Fixes for <function>to_char()</function> and <function>to_timestamp()</function> (Karel)</para></listitem>
3851 Allow functions that can take any argument data type and return
3852 any data type, using <type>anyelement</type> and
3853 <type>anyarray</type> (Joe)
3856 This allows the creation of functions that can work with any
3863 Arrays may now be specified as <literal>ARRAY[1,2,3]</literal>,
3864 <literal>ARRAY[['a','b'],['c','d']]</literal>, or
3865 <literal>ARRAY[ARRAY[ARRAY[2]]]</literal> (Joe)
3871 Allow proper comparisons for arrays, including <literal>ORDER
3872 BY</literal> and <literal>DISTINCT</literal> support
3877 <listitem><para>Allow indexes on array columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
3878 <listitem><para>Allow array concatenation with <literal>||</literal> (Joe)</para></listitem>
3882 Allow <literal>WHERE</literal> qualification
3883 <literal><replaceable>expr</> <replaceable>op</> ANY/SOME/ALL
3884 (<replaceable>array_expr</>)</literal> (Joe)
3887 This allows arrays to behave like a list of values, for purposes
3888 like <literal>SELECT * FROM tab WHERE col IN
3889 (array_val)</literal>.
3895 New array functions <function>array_append</>,
3896 <function>array_cat</>, <function>array_lower</>,
3897 <function>array_prepend</>, <function>array_to_string</>,
3898 <function>array_upper</>, <function>string_to_array</> (Joe)
3902 <listitem><para>Allow user defined aggregates to use polymorphic functions (Joe)</para></listitem>
3903 <listitem><para>Allow assignments to empty arrays (Joe)</para></listitem>
3907 Allow 60 in seconds fields of <type>time</type>,
3908 <type>timestamp</type>, and <type>interval</type> input values
3912 Sixty-second values are needed for leap seconds.
3916 <listitem><para>Allow <type>cidr</type> data type to be cast to <type>text</type> (Tom)</para></listitem>
3918 <listitem><para>Disallow invalid time zone names in SET TIMEZONE</para></listitem>
3922 Trim trailing spaces when <type>char</type> is cast to
3923 <type>varchar</> or <type>text</> (Tom)
3929 Make <type>float(<replaceable>p</>)</> measure the precision
3930 <replaceable>p</> in binary digits, not decimal digits
3936 <para>Add IPv6 support to the <type>inet</type> and <type>cidr</type> data types (Michael Graff)</para>
3940 <para>Add <function>family()</function> function to report whether address is IPv4 or IPv6 (Michael Graff)</para>
3945 Have <literal>SHOW datestyle</literal> generate output similar
3946 to that used by <literal>SET datestyle</literal> (Tom)
3952 Make <literal>EXTRACT(TIMEZONE)</literal> and <literal>SET/SHOW
3953 TIME ZONE</literal> follow the SQL convention for the sign of
3954 time zone offsets, i.e., positive is east from UTC (Tom)
3959 <para>Fix <literal>date_trunc('quarter', ...)</literal> (Böjthe Zoltán)</para>
3961 Prior releases returned an incorrect value for this function call.
3966 <para>Make <function>initcap()</function> more compatible with Oracle (Mike Nolan)</para>
3968 <function>initcap()</function> now uppercases a letter appearing
3969 after any non-alphanumeric character, rather than only after
3975 <para>Allow only <varname>datestyle</varname> field order for date values not in ISO-8601 format (Greg)</para>
3980 Add new <varname>datestyle</varname> values <literal>MDY</>,
3981 <literal>DMY</>, and <literal>YMD</> to set input field order;
3982 honor <literal>US</> and <literal>European</> for backward
3989 String literals like <literal>'now'</literal> or
3990 <literal>'today'</literal> will no longer work as a column
3991 default. Use functions such as <function>now()</function>,
3992 <function>current_timestamp</function> instead. (change
3993 required for prepared statements) (Tom)
3998 <para>Treat NaN as larger than any other value in <function>min()</>/<function>max()</> (Tom)</para>
4000 NaN was already sorted after ordinary numeric values for most
4001 purposes, but <function>min()</> and <function>max()</> didn't
4007 <para>Prevent interval from suppressing <literal>:00</literal>
4008 seconds display</para>
4013 New functions <function>pg_get_triggerdef(prettyprint)</function>
4014 and <function>pg_conversion_is_visible()</function> (Christopher)
4019 <para>Allow time to be specified as <literal>040506</> or <literal>0405</> (Tom)</para>
4024 Input date order must now be <literal>YYYY-MM-DD</literal> (with 4-digit year) or
4025 match <varname>datestyle</varname>
4031 Make <function>pg_get_constraintdef</function> support
4032 unique, primary-key, and check constraints (Christopher)
4039 <title>Server-Side Language Changes</title>
4044 Prevent PL/pgSQL crash when <literal>RETURN NEXT</literal> is
4045 used on a zero-row record variable (Tom)
4051 Make PL/Python's <function>spi_execute</function> interface
4052 handle null values properly (Andrew Bosma)
4057 <para>Allow PL/pgSQL to declare variables of composite types without <literal>%ROWTYPE</literal> (Tom)</para>
4061 <para>Fix PL/Python's <function>_quote()</function> function to handle big integers</para>
4065 <para>Make PL/Python an untrusted language, now called <literal>plpythonu</literal> (Kevin Jacobs, Tom)</para>
4067 The Python language no longer supports a restricted execution
4068 environment, so the trusted version of PL/Python was removed. If
4069 this situation changes, a version of PL/Python that can be used
4070 by non-superusers will be readded.
4075 <para>Allow polymorphic PL/pgSQL functions (Joe, Tom)</para>
4079 <para>Allow polymorphic SQL functions (Joe)</para>
4084 Improved compiled function caching mechanism in PL/pgSQL with
4085 full support for polymorphism (Joe)
4091 Add new parameter <literal>$0</> in PL/pgSQL representing the
4092 function's actual return type (Joe)
4098 Allow PL/Tcl and PL/Python to use the same trigger on multiple tables (Tom)
4104 Fixed PL/Tcl's <function>spi_prepare</function> to accept fully
4105 qualified type names in the parameter type list
4113 <title>psql Changes</title>
4117 <para>Add <literal>\pset pager always</literal> to always use pager (Greg)</para>
4119 This forces the pager to be used even if the number of rows is
4120 less than the screen height. This is valuable for rows that
4121 wrap across several screen rows.
4125 <listitem><para>Improve tab completion (Rod, Ross Reedstrom, Ian Barwick)</para></listitem>
4126 <listitem><para>Reorder <literal>\?</> help into groupings (Harald Armin Massa, Bruce)</para></listitem>
4127 <listitem><para>Add backslash commands for listing schemas, casts, and conversions (Christopher)</para></listitem>
4131 <command>\encoding</> now changes based on the server parameter
4132 <varname>client_encoding</varname> (Tom)
4135 In previous versions, <command>\encoding</command> was not aware
4136 of encoding changes made using <literal>SET
4137 client_encoding</literal>.
4142 <para>Save editor buffer into readline history (Ross)</para>
4144 When <command>\e</> is used to edit a query, the result is saved
4145 in the readline history for retrieval using the up arrow.
4149 <listitem><para>Improve <command>\d</command> display (Christopher)</para></listitem>
4150 <listitem><para>Enhance HTML mode to be more standards-conforming (Greg)</para></listitem>
4153 <para>New <command>\set AUTOCOMMIT off</command> capability (Tom)</para>
4155 This takes the place of the removed server parameter <varname>autocommit</varname>.
4160 <para>New <command>\set VERBOSITY</command> to control error detail (Tom)</para>
4162 This controls the new error reporting details.
4166 <listitem><para>New prompt escape sequence <literal>%x</literal> to show transaction status (Tom)</para></listitem>
4167 <listitem><para>Long options for <application>psql</application> are now available on all platforms</para></listitem>
4172 <title>pg_dump Changes</title>
4175 <listitem><para>Multiple pg_dump fixes, including tar format and large objects</para></listitem>
4176 <listitem><para>Allow pg_dump to dump specific schemas (Neil)</para></listitem>
4179 <para>Make pg_dump preserve column storage characteristics (Christopher)</para>
4181 This preserves <literal>ALTER TABLE ... SET STORAGE</literal> information.
4185 <listitem><para>Make pg_dump preserve <command>CLUSTER</command> characteristics (Christopher)</para></listitem>
4189 Have pg_dumpall use <command>GRANT</>/<command>REVOKE</> to dump database-level privleges (Tom)
4195 Allow pg_dumpall to support the options <option>-a</>,
4196 <option>-s</>, <option>-x</> of pg_dump (Tom)
4200 <listitem><para>Prevent pg_dump from lowercasing identifiers specified on the command line (Tom)</para></listitem>
4204 pg_dump options <option>--use-set-session-authorization</option>
4205 and <option>--no-reconnect</option> now do nothing, all dumps
4206 use <command>SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</command>
4209 pg_dump no longer reconnects to switch users, but instead always
4210 uses <command>SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</command>. This will
4211 reduce password prompting during restores.
4216 <para>Long options for <application>pg_dump</application> are now available on all platforms</para>
4218 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> now includes its own
4219 long-option processing routines.
4226 <title>libpq Changes</title>
4231 Add function <function>PQfreemem</function> for freeing memory on
4232 Windows, suggested for <command>NOTIFY</command> (Bruce)
4235 Windows requires that memory allocated in a library be freed by
4236 a function in the same library, hence
4237 <function>free()</function> doesn't work for freeing memory
4238 allocated by libpq. <function>PQfreemem</function> is the proper
4239 way to free libpq memory, especially on Windows, and is
4240 recommended for other platforms as well.
4245 <para>Document service capability, and add sample file (Bruce)</para>
4247 This allows clients to look up connection information in a
4248 central file on the client machine.
4254 Make <function>PQsetdbLogin</function> have the same defaults as
4255 <function>PQconnectdb</function> (Tom)
4259 <listitem><para>Allow libpq to cleanly fail when result sets are too large (Tom)</para></listitem>
4263 Improve performance of function <function>PQunescapeBytea</function> (Ben Lamb)
4269 Allow thread-safe libpq with <filename>configure</filename>
4270 option <option>--enable-thread-safety</option> (Lee Kindness,
4277 Allow function <function>pqInternalNotice</function> to accept a
4278 format string and arguments instead of just a preformatted
4279 message (Tom, Sean Chittenden)
4285 Control SSL negotiation with <literal>sslmode</literal> values
4286 <literal>disable</literal>, <literal>allow</literal>,
4287 <literal>prefer</literal>, and <literal>require</literal> (Jon
4293 <para>Allow new error codes and levels of text (Tom)</para>
4297 <para>Allow access to the underlying table and column of a query result (Tom)</para>
4299 This is helpful for query-builder applications that want to know
4300 the underlying table and column names associated with a specific
4305 <listitem><para>Allow access to the current transaction status (Tom)</para></listitem>
4306 <listitem><para>Add ability to pass binary data directly to the server (Tom)</para></listitem>
4310 Add function <function>PQexecPrepared</function> and
4311 <function>PQsendQueryPrepared</function> functions which perform
4312 bind/execute of previously prepared statements (Tom)
4319 <title>JDBC Changes</title>
4322 <listitem><para>Allow <function>setNull</function> on updateable result sets</para></listitem>
4323 <listitem><para>Allow <function>executeBatch</function> on a prepared statement (Barry)</para></listitem>
4324 <listitem><para>Support SSL connections (Barry)</para></listitem>
4325 <listitem><para>Handle schema names in result sets (Paul Sorenson)</para></listitem>
4326 <listitem><para>Add refcursor support (Nic Ferrier)</para></listitem>
4331 <title>Miscellaneous Interface Changes</title>
4335 <para>Prevent possible memory leak or core dump during libpgtcl shutdown (Tom)</para>
4338 <para>Add Informix compatibility to ECPG (Michael)</para>
4340 This allows ECPG to process embedded C programs that were
4341 written using certain Informix extensions.
4346 <para>Add type <type>decimal</type> to ECPG that is fixed length, for Informix (Michael)</para>
4351 Allow thread-safe embedded SQL programs with
4352 <filename>configure</filename> option
4353 <option>--enable-thread-safety</option> (Lee Kindness, Bruce)
4356 This allows multiple threads to access the database at the same
4362 <para>Moved Python client PyGreSQL to <ulink url="http://www.pygresql.org"></ulink> (Marc)</para>
4368 <title>Source Code Changes</title>
4371 <listitem><para>Prevent need for separate platform geometry regression result files (Tom)</para></listitem>
4372 <listitem><para>Improved PPC locking primitive (Reinhard Max)</para></listitem>
4373 <listitem><para>New function <function>palloc0</function> to allocate and clear memory (Bruce)</para></listitem>
4374 <listitem><para>Fix locking code for s390x CPU (64-bit) (Tom)</para></listitem>
4375 <listitem><para>Allow OpenBSD to use local ident credentials (William Ahern)</para></listitem>
4376 <listitem><para>Make query plan trees read-only to executor (Tom)</para></listitem>
4377 <listitem><para>Add Darwin startup scripts (David Wheeler)</para></listitem>
4378 <listitem><para>Allow libpq to compile with Borland C++ compiler (Lester Godwin, Karl Waclawek)</para></listitem>
4379 <listitem><para>Use our own version of <function>getopt_long()</function> if needed (Peter)</para></listitem>
4380 <listitem><para>Convert administration scripts to C (Peter)</para></listitem>
4381 <listitem><para> Bison >= 1.85 is now required to build the <productname>PostgreSQL</> grammar, if building from CVS</para></listitem>
4382 <listitem><para>Merge documentation into one book (Peter)</para></listitem>
4383 <listitem><para>Add Windows compatibility functions (Bruce)</para></listitem>
4384 <listitem><para>Allow client interfaces to compile under MinGW (Bruce)</para></listitem>
4385 <listitem><para>New <function>ereport()</function> function for error reporting (Tom)</para></listitem>
4386 <listitem><para>Support Intel compiler on Linux (Peter)</para></listitem>
4387 <listitem><para>Improve Linux startup scripts (Slawomir Sudnik, Darko Prenosil)</para></listitem>
4388 <listitem><para>Add support for AMD Opteron and Itanium (Jeffrey W. Baker, Bruce)</para></listitem>
4390 <para>Remove <option>--enable-recode</option> option from <command>configure</command></para>
4392 This was no longer needed now that we have <command>CREATE CONVERSION</command>.
4396 <para>Generate a compile error if spinlock code is not found (Bruce)</para>
4398 Platforms without spinlock code will now fail to compile, rather
4399 than silently using semaphores. This failure can be disabled
4400 with a new <command>configure</command> option.
4407 <title>Contrib Changes</title>
4410 <listitem><para>Change dbmirror license to BSD</para></listitem>
4411 <listitem><para>Improve earthdistance (Bruno Wolff III)</para></listitem>
4412 <listitem><para>Portability improvements to pgcrypto (Marko Kreen)</para></listitem>
4413 <listitem><para>Prevent crash in xml (John Gray, Michael Richards)</para></listitem>
4414 <listitem><para>Update oracle</para></listitem>
4415 <listitem><para>Update mysql</para></listitem>
4416 <listitem><para>Update cube (Bruno Wolff III)</para></listitem>
4417 <listitem><para>Update earthdistance to use cube (Bruno Wolff III)</para></listitem>
4418 <listitem><para>Update btree_gist (Oleg)</para></listitem>
4419 <listitem><para>New tsearch2 full-text search module (Oleg, Teodor)</para></listitem>
4420 <listitem><para>Add hash-based crosstab function to tablefuncs (Joe)</para></listitem>
4421 <listitem><para>Add serial column to order <function>connectby()</> siblings in tablefuncs (Nabil Sayegh,Joe)</para></listitem>
4422 <listitem><para>Add named persistent connections to dblink (Shridhar Daithanka)</para></listitem>
4423 <listitem><para>New pg_autovacuum allows automatic <command>VACUUM</command> (Matthew T. O'Connor)</para></listitem>
4424 <listitem><para>Make pgbench honor environment variables <envar>PGHOST</>, <envar>PGPORT</>, <envar>PGUSER</> (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
4425 <listitem><para>Improve intarray (Teodor Sigaev)</para></listitem>
4426 <listitem><para>Improve pgstattuple (Rod)</para></listitem>
4427 <listitem><para>Fix bug in <function>metaphone()</function> in fuzzystrmatch</para></listitem>
4428 <listitem><para>Improve adddepend (Rod)</para></listitem>
4429 <listitem><para>Update spi/timetravel (Böjthe Zoltán)</para></listitem>
4430 <listitem><para>Fix dbase <option>-s</> option and improve non-ASCII handling (Thomas Behr, Márcio Smiderle)</para></listitem>
4431 <listitem><para>Remove array module because features now included by default (Joe)</para></listitem>
4437 <sect1 id="release-7-3-8">
4438 <title>Release 7.3.8</title>
4441 <title>Release date</title>
4442 <simpara>2004-10-22</simpara>
4446 This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.7.
4451 <title>Migration to version 7.3.8</title>
4454 A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.
4459 <title>Changes</title>
4462 <listitem><para>Repair possible failure to update hint bits on disk</para>
4464 Under rare circumstances this oversight could lead to
4465 <quote>could not access transaction status</> failures, which qualifies
4466 it as a potential-data-loss bug.
4468 <listitem><para>Ensure that hashed outer join does not miss tuples</para>
4470 Very large left joins using a hash join plan could fail to output unmatched
4471 left-side rows given just the right data distribution.
4473 <listitem><para>Disallow running pg_ctl as root</para>
4475 This is to guard against any possible security issues.
4477 <listitem><para>Avoid using temp files in /tmp in make_oidjoins_check</para>
4479 This has been reported as a security issue, though it's hardly worthy of
4480 concern since there is no reason for non-developers to use this script anyway.
4487 <sect1 id="release-7-3-7">
4488 <title>Release 7.3.7</title>
4491 <title>Release date</title>
4492 <simpara>2004-08-16</simpara>
4496 This release contains one critical fix over 7.3.6, and some minor items.
4501 <title>Migration to version 7.3.7</title>
4504 A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.
4509 <title>Changes</title>
4512 <listitem><para>Prevent possible loss of committed transactions during crash</para>
4514 Due to insufficient interlocking between transaction commit and checkpointing,
4515 it was possible for transactions committed just before the most recent
4516 checkpoint to be lost, in whole or in part, following a database crash and
4517 restart. This is a serious bug that has existed
4518 since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
4520 <listitem><para>Remove asymmetrical word processing in tsearch (Teodor)</para></listitem>
4521 <listitem><para>Properly schema-qualify function names when pg_dump'ing a CAST</para></listitem>
4527 <sect1 id="release-7-3-6">
4528 <title>Release 7.3.6</title>
4531 <title>Release date</title>
4532 <simpara>2004-03-02</simpara>
4536 This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.5.
4541 <title>Migration to version 7.3.6</title>
4544 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
4551 <title>Changes</title>
4554 <listitem><para>Revert erroneous changes in rule permissions checking</para>
4555 <para>A patch applied in 7.3.3 to fix a corner case in rule permissions checks
4556 turns out to have disabled rule-related permissions checks in many
4557 not-so-corner cases. This would for example allow users to insert into views
4558 they weren't supposed to have permission to insert into. We have therefore
4559 reverted the 7.3.3 patch. The original bug will be fixed in 8.0.
4561 <listitem><para>Repair incorrect order of operations in
4562 GetNewTransactionId()</para>
4564 This bug could result in failure under out-of-disk-space conditions, including
4565 inability to restart even after disk space is freed.
4567 <listitem><para>Ensure configure selects -fno-strict-aliasing even when
4568 an external value for CFLAGS is supplied</para>
4570 On some platforms, building with -fstrict-aliasing causes bugs.
4572 <listitem><para>Make pg_restore handle 64-bit off_t correctly</para>
4574 This bug prevented proper restoration from archive files exceeding 4Gb.
4576 <listitem><para>Make contrib/dblink not assume that local and remote type OIDs
4577 match (Joe)</para></listitem>
4578 <listitem><para>Quote connectby()'s start_with argument properly (Joe)</para></listitem>
4579 <listitem><para>Don't crash when a rowtype argument to a plpgsql function is
4580 NULL</para></listitem>
4581 <listitem><para>Avoid generating invalid character encoding sequences in
4582 corner cases when planning LIKE operations</para></listitem>
4583 <listitem><para>Ensure text_position() cannot scan past end of source string
4584 in multibyte cases (Korea PostgreSQL Users' Group)</para></listitem>
4585 <listitem><para>Fix index optimization and selectivity estimates for LIKE
4586 operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
4592 <sect1 id="release-7-3-5">
4593 <title>Release 7.3.5</title>
4596 <title>Release date</title>
4597 <simpara>2003-12-03</simpara>
4601 This has a variety of fixes from 7.3.4.
4606 <title>Migration to version 7.3.5</title>
4609 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
4615 <title>Changes</title>
4618 <listitem><para>Force zero_damaged_pages to be on during recovery from WAL</para></listitem>
4619 <listitem><para>Prevent some obscure cases of <quote>variable not in subplan target lists</quote></para></listitem>
4620 <listitem><para>Force stats processes to detach from shared memory, ensuring cleaner shutdown</para></listitem>
4621 <listitem><para>Make PQescapeBytea and byteaout consistent with each other (Joe)</para></listitem>
4622 <listitem><para>Added missing SPI_finish() calls to dblink's get_tuple_of_interest() (Joe)</para></listitem>
4623 <listitem><para>Fix for possible foreign key violation when rule rewrites INSERT (Jan)</para></listitem>
4624 <listitem><para>Support qualified type names in PL/Tcl's spi_prepare command (Jan)</para></listitem>
4625 <listitem><para>Make pg_dump handle a procedural language handler located in pg_catalog</para></listitem>
4626 <listitem><para>Make pg_dump handle cases where a custom opclass is in another schema</para></listitem>
4627 <listitem><para>Make pg_dump dump binary-compatible casts correctly (Jan)</para></listitem>
4628 <listitem><para>Fix insertion of expressions containing subqueries into rule bodies</para></listitem>
4629 <listitem><para>Fix incorrect argument processing in clusterdb script (Anand Ranganathan)</para></listitem>
4630 <listitem><para>Fix problems with dropped columns in plpython triggers</para></listitem>
4631 <listitem><para>Repair problems with to_char() reading past end of its input string (Karel)</para></listitem>
4632 <listitem><para>Fix GB18030 mapping errors (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
4633 <listitem><para>Fix several problems with SSL error handling and asynchronous SSL I/O</para></listitem>
4634 <listitem><para>Remove ability to bind a list of values to a single parameter in JDBC
4635 (prevents possible SQL-injection attacks)</para></listitem>
4636 <listitem><para>Fix some errors in HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP code paths</para></listitem>
4637 <listitem><para>Fix corner case for btree search in parallel with first root page split</para></listitem>
4643 <sect1 id="release-7-3-4">
4644 <title>Release 7.3.4</title>
4647 <title>Release date</title>
4648 <simpara>2003-07-24</simpara>
4652 This has a variety of fixes from 7.3.3.
4657 <title>Migration to version 7.3.4</title>
4660 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
4666 <title>Changes</title>
4669 <listitem><para>Repair breakage in timestamp-to-date conversion for dates before 2000</para></listitem>
4670 <listitem><para>Prevent rare possibility of server startup failure (Tom)</para></listitem>
4671 <listitem><para>Fix bugs in interval-to-time conversion (Tom)</para></listitem>
4672 <listitem><para>Add constraint names in a few places in pg_dump (Rod)</para></listitem>
4673 <listitem><para>Improve performance of functions with many parameters (Tom)</para></listitem>
4674 <listitem><para>Fix to_ascii() buffer overruns (Tom)</para></listitem>
4675 <listitem><para>Prevent restore of database comments from throwing an error (Tom)</para></listitem>
4676 <listitem><para>Work around buggy strxfrm() present in some Solaris releases (Tom)</para></listitem>
4677 <listitem><para>Properly escape jdbc setObject() strings to improve security (Barry)</para></listitem>
4683 <sect1 id="release-7-3-3">
4684 <title>Release 7.3.3</title>
4687 <title>Release date</title>
4688 <simpara>2003-05-22</simpara>
4692 This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.3.2.
4696 <title>Migration to version 7.3.3</title>
4699 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
4700 running version 7.3.*.
4705 <title>Changes</title>
4708 <listitem><para>Repair sometimes-incorrect computation of StartUpID after a crash</para></listitem>
4709 <listitem><para>Avoid slowness with lots of deferred triggers in one transaction (Stephan)</para></listitem>
4710 <listitem><para>Don't lock referenced row when <command>UPDATE</command> doesn't change foreign key's value (Jan)</para></listitem>
4711 <listitem><para>Use <command>-fPIC</command> not <command>-fpic</command> on Sparc (Tom Callaway)</para></listitem>
4712 <listitem><para>Repair lack of schema-awareness in contrib/reindexdb</para></listitem>
4713 <listitem><para>Fix contrib/intarray error for zero-element result array (Teodor)</para></listitem>
4714 <listitem><para>Ensure createuser script will exit on control-C (Oliver)</para></listitem>
4715 <listitem><para>Fix errors when the type of a dropped column has itself been dropped</para></listitem>
4716 <listitem><para><command>CHECKPOINT</command> does not cause database panic on failure in noncritical steps</para></listitem>
4717 <listitem><para>Accept 60 in seconds fields of timestamp, time, interval input values</para></listitem>
4718 <listitem><para>Issue notice, not error, if <type>TIMESTAMP</type>,
4719 <type> TIME</type>, or <type>INTERVAL</type> precision too large</para></listitem>
4720 <listitem><para>Fix <function>abstime-to-time</function> cast function (fix is
4721 not applied unless you <application>initdb</application>)</para></listitem>
4722 <listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_proc</application> entry for
4723 <type>timestampt_izone</type> (fix is not applied unless you
4724 <application>initdb</application>)</para></listitem>
4725 <listitem><para>Make <function>EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM timestamp without time zone)</function> treat input as local time</para></listitem>
4726 <listitem><para><command>'now'::timestamptz</command> gave wrong answer if timezone changed earlier in transaction</para></listitem>
4727 <listitem><para><envar>HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP</envar> code for time with timezone overwrote its input</para></listitem>
4728 <listitem><para>Accept <command>GLOBAL TEMP/TEMPORARY</command> as a
4729 synonym for <command>TEMPORARY</command></para></listitem>
4730 <listitem><para>Avoid improper schema-privilege-check failure in foreign-key triggers</para></listitem>
4731 <listitem><para>Fix bugs in foreign-key triggers for <command>SET DEFAULT</command> action</para></listitem>
4732 <listitem><para>Fix incorrect time-qual check in row fetch for
4733 <command>UPDATE</command> and <command>DELETE</command> triggers</para></listitem>
4734 <listitem><para>Foreign-key clauses were parsed but ignored in
4735 <command>ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN</command></para></listitem>
4736 <listitem><para>Fix createlang script breakage for case where handler function already exists</para></listitem>
4737 <listitem><para>Fix misbehavior on zero-column tables in <application>pg_dump</application>, COPY, ANALYZE, other places</para></listitem>
4738 <listitem><para>Fix misbehavior of <function>func_error()</function> on type names containing '%'</para></listitem>
4739 <listitem><para>Fix misbehavior of <function>replace()</function> on strings containing '%'</para></listitem>
4740 <listitem><para>Regular-expression patterns containing certain multibyte characters failed</para></listitem>
4741 <listitem><para>Account correctly for <command>NULL</command>s in more cases in join size estimation</para></listitem>
4742 <listitem><para>Avoid conflict with system definition of <function>isblank()</function> function or macro</para></listitem>
4743 <listitem><para>Fix failure to convert large code point values in EUC_TW conversions (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
4744 <listitem><para>Fix error recovery for <function>SSL_read</function>/<function>SSL_write</function> calls</para></listitem>
4745 <listitem><para>Don't do early constant-folding of type coercion expressions</para></listitem>
4746 <listitem><para>Validate page header fields immediately after reading in any page</para></listitem>
4747 <listitem><para>Repair incorrect check for ungrouped variables in unnamed joins</para></listitem>
4748 <listitem><para>Fix buffer overrun in <function>to_ascii</function> (Guido Notari)</para></listitem>
4749 <listitem><para>contrib/ltree fixes (Teodor)</para></listitem>
4750 <listitem><para>Fix core dump in deadlock detection on machines where char is unsigned</para></listitem>
4751 <listitem><para>Avoid running out of buffers in many-way indexscan (bug introduced in 7.3)</para></listitem>
4752 <listitem><para>Fix planner's selectivity estimation functions to handle domains properly</para></listitem>
4753 <listitem><para>Fix <application>dbmirror</application> memory-allocation bug (Steven Singer)</para></listitem>
4754 <listitem><para>Prevent infinite loop in <function>ln(numeric)</function> due to roundoff error</para></listitem>
4755 <listitem><para><command>GROUP BY</command> got confused if there were multiple equal GROUP BY items</para></listitem>
4756 <listitem><para>Fix bad plan when inherited <command>UPDATE</command>/<command>DELETE</command> references another inherited table</para></listitem>
4757 <listitem><para>Prevent clustering on incomplete (partial or non-NULL-storing) indexes</para></listitem>
4758 <listitem><para>Service shutdown request at proper time if it arrives while still starting up</para></listitem>
4759 <listitem><para>Fix left-links in temporary indexes (could make backwards scans miss entries)</para></listitem>
4760 <listitem><para>Fix incorrect handling of client_encoding setting in postgresql.conf (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
4761 <listitem><para>Fix failure to respond to <command>pg_ctl stop -m fast</command> after Async_NotifyHandler runs</para></listitem>
4762 <listitem><para>Fix SPI for case where rule contains multiple statements of the same type</para></listitem>
4763 <listitem><para>Fix problem with checking for wrong type of access privilege in rule query</para></listitem>
4764 <listitem><para>Fix problem with <command>EXCEPT</command> in <command>CREATE RULE</command></para></listitem>
4765 <listitem><para>Prevent problem with dropping temp tables having serial columns</para></listitem>
4766 <listitem><para>Fix replace_vars_with_subplan_refs failure in complex views</para></listitem>
4767 <listitem><para>Fix regexp slowness in single-byte encodings (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
4768 <listitem><para>Allow qualified type names in <command>CREATE CAST</command>
4769 and <command> DROP CAST</command></para></listitem>
4770 <listitem><para>Accept <function>SETOF type[]</function>, which formerly had to
4771 be written <function>SETOF _type</function></para></listitem>
4772 <listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_dump</application> core dump in some cases with procedural languages</para></listitem>
4773 <listitem><para>Force ISO datestyle in <application>pg_dump</application> output, for portability (Oliver)</para></listitem>
4774 <listitem><para><application>pg_dump</application> failed to handle error return
4775 from <function>lo_read</function> (Oleg Drokin)</para></listitem>
4776 <listitem><para><application>pg_dumpall</application> failed with groups having no members (Nick Eskelinen)</para></listitem>
4777 <listitem><para><application>pg_dumpall</application> failed to recognize --globals-only switch</para></listitem>
4778 <listitem><para>pg_restore failed to restore blobs if -X disable-triggers is specified</para></listitem>
4779 <listitem><para>Repair intrafunction memory leak in plpgsql</para></listitem>
4780 <listitem><para>pltcl's <command>elog</command> command dumped core if given wrong parameters (Ian Harding)</para></listitem>
4781 <listitem><para>plpython used wrong value of <envar>atttypmod</envar> (Brad McLean)</para></listitem>
4782 <listitem><para>Fix improper quoting of boolean values in Python interface (D'Arcy)</para></listitem>
4783 <listitem><para>Added <function>addDataType()</function> method to PGConnection interface for JDBC</para></listitem>
4784 <listitem><para>Fixed various problems with updateable ResultSets for JDBC (Shawn Green)</para></listitem>
4785 <listitem><para>Fixed various problems with DatabaseMetaData for JDBC (Kris Jurka, Peter Royal)</para></listitem>
4786 <listitem><para>Fixed problem with parsing table ACLs in JDBC</para></listitem>
4787 <listitem><para>Better error message for character set conversion problems in JDBC</para></listitem>
4793 <sect1 id="release-7-3-2">
4794 <title>Release 7.3.2</title>
4797 <title>Release date</title>
4798 <simpara>2003-02-04</simpara>
4802 This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.3.1.
4807 <title>Migration to version 7.3.2</title>
4810 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
4811 running version 7.3.*.
4816 <title>Changes</title>
4819 <listitem><para>Restore creation of OID column in CREATE TABLE AS / SELECT INTO</para></listitem>
4820 <listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_dump</> core dump when dumping views having comments</para></listitem>
4821 <listitem><para>Dump DEFERRABLE/INITIALLY DEFERRED constraints properly</para></listitem>
4822 <listitem><para>Fix UPDATE when child table's column numbering differs from parent</para></listitem>
4823 <listitem><para>Increase default value of max_fsm_relations</para></listitem>
4824 <listitem><para>Fix problem when fetching backwards in a cursor for a single-row query</para></listitem>
4825 <listitem><para>Make backward fetch work properly with cursor on SELECT DISTINCT query</para></listitem>
4826 <listitem><para>Fix problems with loading <application>pg_dump</> files containing contrib/lo usage</para></listitem>
4827 <listitem><para>Fix problem with all-numeric user names</para></listitem>
4828 <listitem><para>Fix possible memory leak and core dump during disconnect in libpgtcl</para></listitem>
4829 <listitem><para>Make plpython's spi_execute command handle nulls properly (Andrew Bosma)</para></listitem>
4830 <listitem><para>Adjust plpython error reporting so that its regression test passes again</para></listitem>
4831 <listitem><para>Work with bison 1.875</para></listitem>
4832 <listitem><para>Handle mixed-case names properly in plpgsql's %type (Neil)</para></listitem>
4833 <listitem><para>Fix core dump in pltcl when executing a query rewritten by a rule</para></listitem>
4834 <listitem><para>Repair array subscript overruns (per report from Yichen Xie)</para></listitem>
4835 <listitem><para>Reduce MAX_TIME_PRECISION from 13 to 10 in floating-point case</para></listitem>
4836 <listitem><para>Correctly case-fold variable names in per-database and per-user settings</para></listitem>
4837 <listitem><para>Fix coredump in plpgsql's RETURN NEXT when SELECT into record returns no rows</para></listitem>
4838 <listitem><para>Fix outdated use of pg_type.typprtlen in python client interface</para></listitem>
4839 <listitem><para>Correctly handle fractional seconds in timestamps in JDBC driver</para></listitem>
4840 <listitem><para>Improve performance of getImportedKeys() in JDBC</para></listitem>
4841 <listitem><para>Make shared-library symlinks work standardly on HPUX (Giles)</para></listitem>
4842 <listitem><para>Repair inconsistent rounding behavior for timestamp, time, interval</para></listitem>
4843 <listitem><para>SSL negotiation fixes (Nathan Mueller)</para></listitem>
4844 <listitem><para>Make libpq's ~/.pgpass feature work when connecting with PQconnectDB</para></listitem>
4845 <listitem><para>Update my2pg, ora2pg</para></listitem>
4846 <listitem><para>Translation updates</para></listitem>
4847 <listitem><para>Add casts between types lo and oid in contrib/lo</para></listitem>
4848 <listitem><para>fastpath code now checks for privilege to call function</para></listitem>
4854 <sect1 id="release-7-3-1">
4855 <title>Release 7.3.1</title>
4858 <title>Release date</title>
4859 <simpara>2002-12-18</simpara>
4863 This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.3.
4868 <title>Migration to version 7.3.1</title>
4871 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
4872 running version 7.3. However, it should be noted that the main
4873 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> interface library, libpq,
4874 has a new major version number for this release, which may require
4875 recompilation of client code in certain cases.
4880 <title>Changes</title>
4883 <listitem><para>Fix a core dump of COPY TO when client/server encodings don't match (Tom)</para></listitem>
4884 <listitem><para>Allow <application>pg_dump</> to work with pre-7.2 servers (Philip)</para></listitem>
4885 <listitem><para>contrib/adddepend fixes (Tom)</para></listitem>
4886 <listitem><para>Fix problem with deletion of per-user/per-database config settings (Tom)</para></listitem>
4887 <listitem><para>contrib/vacuumlo fix (Tom)</para></listitem>
4888 <listitem><para>Allow 'password' encryption even when pg_shadow contains MD5 passwords (Bruce)</para></listitem>
4889 <listitem><para>contrib/dbmirror fix (Steven Singer)</para></listitem>
4890 <listitem><para>Optimizer fixes (Tom)</para></listitem>
4891 <listitem><para>contrib/tsearch fixes (Teodor Sigaev, Magnus)</para></listitem>
4892 <listitem><para>Allow locale names to be mixed case (Nicolai Tufar)</para></listitem>
4893 <listitem><para>Increment libpq library's major version number (Bruce)</para></listitem>
4894 <listitem><para>pg_hba.conf error reporting fixes (Bruce, Neil)</para></listitem>
4895 <listitem><para>Add SCO Openserver 5.0.4 as a supported platform (Bruce)</para></listitem>
4896 <listitem><para>Prevent EXPLAIN from crashing server (Tom)</para></listitem>
4897 <listitem><para>SSL fixes (Nathan Mueller)</para></listitem>
4898 <listitem><para>Prevent composite column creation via ALTER TABLE (Tom)</para></listitem>
4904 <sect1 id="release-7-3">
4905 <title>Release 7.3</title>
4908 <title>Release date</title>
4909 <simpara>2002-11-27</simpara>
4913 <title>Overview</title>
4916 Major changes in this release:
4920 <term>Schemas</term>
4923 Schemas allow users to create objects in separate namespaces,
4924 so two people or applications can have tables with the same
4925 name. There is also a public schema for shared tables.
4926 Table/index creation can be restricted by removing privileges
4927 on the public schema.
4933 <term>Drop Column</term>
4936 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> now supports the
4937 <literal>ALTER TABLE ... DROP COLUMN</literal> functionality.
4943 <term>Table Functions</term>
4946 Functions returning multiple rows and/or multiple columns are
4947 now much easier to use than before. You can call such a
4948 <quote>table function</quote> in the <literal>SELECT</literal>
4949 <literal>FROM</literal> clause, treating its output like a
4950 table. Also, <application>PL/pgSQL</application> functions can
4957 <term>Prepared Queries</term>
4960 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> now supports prepared
4961 queries, for improved performance.
4967 <term>Dependency Tracking</term>
4970 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> now records object
4971 dependencies, which allows improvements in many areas.
4972 <command>DROP</command> statements now take either
4973 <literal>CASCADE</> or <literal>RESTRICT</> to control whether
4974 dependent objects are also dropped.
4980 <term>Privileges</term>
4983 Functions and procedural languages now have privileges, and
4984 functions can be defined to run with the privileges of their
4991 <term>Internationalization</term>
4994 Both multibyte and locale support are now always enabled.
5000 <term>Logging</term>
5003 A variety of logging options have been enhanced.
5009 <term>Interfaces</term>
5012 A large number of interfaces have been moved to <ulink
5013 url="http://gborg.postgresql.org">http://gborg.postgresql.org</>
5014 where they can be developed and released independently.
5020 <term>Functions/Identifiers</term>
5023 By default, functions can now take up to 32 parameters, and
5024 identifiers can be up to 63 bytes long. Also, <literal>OPAQUE</>
5025 is now deprecated: there are specific <quote>pseudo-datatypes</>
5026 to represent each of the former meanings of <literal>OPAQUE</>
5027 in function argument and result types.
5037 <title>Migration to version 7.3</title>
5040 A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</> is required for those
5041 wishing to migrate data from any previous release. If your
5042 application examines the system catalogs, additional changes will
5043 be required due to the introduction of schemas in 7.3; for more
5044 information, see: <ulink
5045 url="http://developer.postgresql.org/~momjian/upgrade_tips_7.3">
5046 http://developer.postgresql.org/~momjian/upgrade_tips_7.3</>.
5050 Observe the following incompatibilities:
5055 Pre-6.3 clients are no longer supported.
5061 <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename> now has a column for the user
5062 name and additional features. Existing files need to be
5069 Several <filename>postgresql.conf</filename> logging parameters
5076 <literal>LIMIT #,#</literal> has been disabled; use
5077 <literal>LIMIT # OFFSET #</literal>.
5083 <command>INSERT</command> statements with column lists must
5084 specify a value for each specified column. For example,
5085 <literal>INSERT INTO tab (col1, col2) VALUES ('val1')</literal>
5086 is now invalid. It's still allowed to supply fewer columns than
5087 expected if the <command>INSERT</command> does not have a column list.
5093 <type>serial</type> columns are no longer automatically
5094 <literal>UNIQUE</>; thus, an index will not automatically be
5101 A <command>SET</command> command inside an aborted transaction
5108 <command>COPY</command> no longer considers missing trailing
5109 columns to be null. All columns need to be specified.
5110 (However, one may achieve a similar effect by specifying a
5111 column list in the <command>COPY</command> command.)
5117 The data type <type>timestamp</type> is now equivalent to
5118 <type>timestamp without time zone</type>, instead of
5119 <type>timestamp with time zone</type>.
5125 Pre-7.3 databases loaded into 7.3 will not have the new object
5126 dependencies for <type>serial</type> columns, unique
5127 constraints, and foreign keys. See the directory
5128 <filename>contrib/adddepend/</filename> for a detailed
5129 description and a script that will add such dependencies.
5135 An empty string (<literal>''</literal>) is no longer allowed as
5136 the input into an integer field. Formerly, it was silently
5147 <title>Changes</title>
5150 <title>Server Operation</title>
5152 <listitem><para>Add pg_locks view to show locks (Neil)</para></listitem>
5153 <listitem><para>Security fixes for password negotiation memory allocation (Neil)</para></listitem>
5154 <listitem><para>Remove support for version 0 FE/BE protocol (<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 6.2 and earlier) (Tom)</para></listitem>
5155 <listitem><para>Reserve the last few backend slots for superusers, add parameter superuser_reserved_connections to control this (Nigel J. Andrews)</para></listitem>
5160 <title>Performance</title>
5162 <listitem><para>Improve startup by calling localtime() only once (Tom)</para></listitem>
5163 <listitem><para>Cache system catalog information in flat files for faster startup (Tom)</para></listitem>
5164 <listitem><para>Improve caching of index information (Tom)</para></listitem>
5165 <listitem><para>Optimizer improvements (Tom, Fernando Nasser)</para></listitem>
5166 <listitem><para>Catalog caches now store failed lookups (Tom)</para></listitem>
5167 <listitem><para>Hash function improvements (Neil)</para></listitem>
5168 <listitem><para>Improve performance of query tokenization and network handling (Peter)</para></listitem>
5169 <listitem><para>Speed improvement for large object restore (Mario Weilguni)</para></listitem>
5170 <listitem><para>Mark expired index entries on first lookup, saving later heap fetches (Tom)</para></listitem>
5171 <listitem><para>Avoid excessive NULL bitmap padding (Manfred Koizar)</para></listitem>
5172 <listitem><para>Add BSD-licensed qsort() for Solaris, for performance (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5173 <listitem><para>Reduce per-row overhead by four bytes (Manfred Koizar)</para></listitem>
5174 <listitem><para>Fix GEQO optimizer bug (Neil Conway)</para></listitem>
5175 <listitem><para>Make WITHOUT OID actually save four bytes per row (Manfred Koizar)</para></listitem>
5176 <listitem><para>Add default_statistics_target variable to specify ANALYZE buckets (Neil)</para></listitem>
5177 <listitem><para>Use local buffer cache for temporary tables so no WAL overhead (Tom)</para></listitem>
5178 <listitem><para>Improve free space map performance on large tables (Stephen Marshall, Tom)</para></listitem>
5179 <listitem><para>Improved WAL write concurrency (Tom)</para></listitem>
5184 <title>Privileges</title>
5186 <listitem><para>Add privileges on functions and procedural languages (Peter)</para></listitem>
5187 <listitem><para>Add OWNER to CREATE DATABASE so superusers can create databases on behalf of unprivileged users (Gavin Sherry, Tom)</para></listitem>
5188 <listitem><para>Add new object privilege bits EXECUTE and USAGE (Tom)</para></listitem>
5189 <listitem><para>Add SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION DEFAULT and RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION (Tom)</para></listitem>
5190 <listitem><para>Allow functions to be executed with the privilege of the function owner (Peter)</para></listitem>
5195 <title>Server Configuration</title>
5197 <listitem><para>Server log messages now tagged with LOG, not DEBUG (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5198 <listitem><para>Add user column to pg_hba.conf (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5199 <listitem><para>Have log_connections output two lines in log file (Tom)</para></listitem>
5200 <listitem><para>Remove debug_level from postgresql.conf, now server_min_messages (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5201 <listitem><para>New ALTER DATABASE/USER ... SET command for per-user/database initialization (Peter)</para></listitem>
5202 <listitem><para>New parameters server_min_messages and client_min_messages to control which messages are sent to the server logs or client applications (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5203 <listitem><para>Allow pg_hba.conf to specify lists of users/databases separated by commas, group names prepended with +, and file names prepended with @ (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5204 <listitem><para>Remove secondary password file capability and pg_password utility (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5205 <listitem><para>Add variable db_user_namespace for database-local user names (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5206 <listitem><para>SSL improvements (Bear Giles)</para></listitem>
5207 <listitem><para>Make encryption of stored passwords the default (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5208 <listitem><para>Allow pg_statistics to be reset by calling pg_stat_reset() (Christopher)</para></listitem>
5209 <listitem><para>Add log_duration parameter (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5210 <listitem><para>Rename debug_print_query to log_statement (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5211 <listitem><para>Rename show_query_stats to show_statement_stats (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5212 <listitem><para>Add param log_min_error_statement to print commands to logs on error (Gavin)</para></listitem>
5217 <title>Queries</title>
5219 <listitem><para>Make cursors insensitive, meaning their contents do not change (Tom)</para></listitem>
5220 <listitem><para>Disable LIMIT #,# syntax; now only LIMIT # OFFSET # supported (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5221 <listitem><para>Increase identifier length to 63 (Neil, Bruce)</para></listitem>
5222 <listitem><para>UNION fixes for merging >= 3 columns of different lengths (Tom)</para></listitem>
5223 <listitem><para>Add DEFAULT key word to INSERT, e.g., INSERT ... (..., DEFAULT, ...) (Rod)</para></listitem>
5224 <listitem><para>Allow views to have default values using ALTER COLUMN ... SET DEFAULT (Neil)</para></listitem>
5225 <listitem><para>Fail on INSERTs with column lists that don't supply all column values, e.g., INSERT INTO tab (col1, col2) VALUES ('val1'); (Rod)</para></listitem>
5226 <listitem><para>Fix for join aliases (Tom)</para></listitem>
5227 <listitem><para>Fix for FULL OUTER JOINs (Tom)</para></listitem>
5228 <listitem><para>Improve reporting of invalid identifier and location (Tom, Gavin)</para></listitem>
5229 <listitem><para>Fix OPEN cursor(args) (Tom)</para></listitem>
5230 <listitem><para>Allow 'ctid' to be used in a view and currtid(viewname) (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
5231 <listitem><para>Fix for CREATE TABLE AS with UNION (Tom)</para></listitem>
5232 <listitem><para>SQL99 syntax improvements (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5233 <listitem><para>Add statement_timeout variable to cancel queries (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5234 <listitem><para>Allow prepared queries with PREPARE/EXECUTE (Neil)</para></listitem>
5235 <listitem><para>Allow FOR UPDATE to appear after LIMIT/OFFSET (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5236 <listitem><para>Add variable autocommit (Tom, David Van Wie)</para></listitem>
5241 <title>Object Manipulation</title>
5243 <listitem><para>Make equals signs optional in CREATE DATABASE (Gavin Sherry)</para></listitem>
5244 <listitem><para>Make ALTER TABLE OWNER change index ownership too (Neil)</para></listitem>
5245 <listitem><para>New ALTER TABLE tabname ALTER COLUMN colname SET STORAGE controls TOAST storage, compression (John Gray)</para></listitem>
5246 <listitem><para>Add schema support, CREATE/DROP SCHEMA (Tom)</para></listitem>
5247 <listitem><para>Create schema for temporary tables (Tom)</para></listitem>
5248 <listitem><para>Add variable search_path for schema search (Tom)</para></listitem>
5249 <listitem><para>Add ALTER TABLE SET/DROP NOT NULL (Christopher)</para></listitem>
5250 <listitem><para>New CREATE FUNCTION volatility levels (Tom)</para></listitem>
5251 <listitem><para>Make rule names unique only per table (Tom)</para></listitem>
5252 <listitem><para>Add 'ON tablename' clause to DROP RULE and COMMENT ON RULE (Tom)</para></listitem>
5253 <listitem><para>Add ALTER TRIGGER RENAME (Joe)</para></listitem>
5254 <listitem><para>New current_schema() and current_schemas() inquiry functions (Tom)</para></listitem>
5255 <listitem><para>Allow functions to return multiple rows (table functions) (Joe)</para></listitem>
5256 <listitem><para>Make WITH optional in CREATE DATABASE, for consistency (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5257 <listitem><para>Add object dependency tracking (Rod, Tom)</para></listitem>
5258 <listitem><para>Add RESTRICT/CASCADE to DROP commands (Rod)</para></listitem>
5259 <listitem><para>Add ALTER TABLE DROP for non-CHECK CONSTRAINT (Rod)</para></listitem>
5260 <listitem><para>Autodestroy sequence on DROP of table with SERIAL (Rod)</para></listitem>
5261 <listitem><para>Prevent column dropping if column is used by foreign key (Rod)</para></listitem>
5262 <listitem><para>Automatically drop constraints/functions when object is dropped (Rod)</para></listitem>
5263 <listitem><para>Add CREATE/DROP OPERATOR CLASS (Bill Studenmund, Tom)</para></listitem>
5264 <listitem><para>Add ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN (Christopher, Tom, Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
5265 <listitem><para>Prevent inherited columns from being removed or renamed (Alvaro Herrera)</para></listitem>
5266 <listitem><para>Fix foreign key constraints to not error on intermediate database states (Stephan)</para></listitem>
5267 <listitem><para>Propagate column or table renaming to foreign key constraints</para></listitem>
5268 <listitem><para>Add CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW (Gavin, Neil, Tom)</para></listitem>
5269 <listitem><para>Add CREATE OR REPLACE RULE (Gavin, Neil, Tom)</para></listitem>
5270 <listitem><para>Have rules execute alphabetically, returning more predictable values (Tom)</para></listitem>
5271 <listitem><para>Triggers are now fired in alphabetical order (Tom)</para></listitem>
5272 <listitem><para>Add /contrib/adddepend to handle pre-7.3 object dependencies (Rod)</para></listitem>
5273 <listitem><para>Allow better casting when inserting/updating values (Tom)</para></listitem>
5278 <title>Utility Commands</title>
5280 <listitem><para>Have COPY TO output embedded carriage returns and newlines as \r and \n (Tom)</para></listitem>
5281 <listitem><para>Allow DELIMITER in COPY FROM to be 8-bit clean (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5282 <listitem><para>Make <application>pg_dump</> use ALTER TABLE ADD PRIMARY KEY, for performance (Neil)</para></listitem>
5283 <listitem><para>Disable brackets in multistatement rules (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5284 <listitem><para>Disable VACUUM from being called inside a function (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5285 <listitem><para>Allow dropdb and other scripts to use identifiers with spaces (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5286 <listitem><para>Restrict database comment changes to the current database</para></listitem>
5287 <listitem><para>Allow comments on operators, independent of the underlying function (Rod)</para></listitem>
5288 <listitem><para>Rollback SET commands in aborted transactions (Tom)</para></listitem>
5289 <listitem><para>EXPLAIN now outputs as a query (Tom)</para></listitem>
5290 <listitem><para>Display condition expressions and sort keys in EXPLAIN (Tom)</para></listitem>
5291 <listitem><para>Add 'SET LOCAL var = value' to set configuration variables for a single transaction (Tom)</para></listitem>
5292 <listitem><para>Allow ANALYZE to run in a transaction (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5293 <listitem><para>Improve COPY syntax using new WITH clauses, keep backward compatibility (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5294 <listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_dump</> to consistently output tags in non-ASCII dumps (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5295 <listitem><para>Make foreign key constraints clearer in dump file (Rod)</para></listitem>
5296 <listitem><para>Add COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT (Rod)</para></listitem>
5297 <listitem><para>Allow COPY TO/FROM to specify column names (Brent Verner)</para></listitem>
5298 <listitem><para>Dump UNIQUE and PRIMARY KEY constraints as ALTER TABLE (Rod)</para></listitem>
5299 <listitem><para>Have SHOW output a query result (Joe)</para></listitem>
5300 <listitem><para>Generate failure on short COPY lines rather than pad NULLs (Neil)</para></listitem>
5301 <listitem><para>Fix CLUSTER to preserve all table attributes (Alvaro Herrera)</para></listitem>
5302 <listitem><para>New pg_settings table to view/modify GUC settings (Joe)</para></listitem>
5303 <listitem><para>Add smart quoting, portability improvements to <application>pg_dump</> output (Peter)</para></listitem>
5304 <listitem><para>Dump serial columns out as SERIAL (Tom)</para></listitem>
5305 <listitem><para>Enable large file support, >2G for <application>pg_dump</> (Peter, Philip Warner, Bruce)</para></listitem>
5306 <listitem><para>Disallow TRUNCATE on tables that are involved in referential constraints (Rod)</para></listitem>
5307 <listitem><para>Have TRUNCATE also auto-truncate the toast table of the relation (Tom)</para></listitem>
5308 <listitem><para>Add clusterdb utility that will auto-cluster an entire database based on previous CLUSTER operations (Alvaro Herrera)</para></listitem>
5309 <listitem><para>Overhaul pg_dumpall (Peter)</para></listitem>
5310 <listitem><para>Allow REINDEX of TOAST tables (Tom)</para></listitem>
5311 <listitem><para>Implemented START TRANSACTION, per SQL99 (Neil)</para></listitem>
5312 <listitem><para>Fix rare index corruption when a page split affects bulk delete (Tom)</para></listitem>
5313 <listitem><para>Fix ALTER TABLE ... ADD COLUMN for inheritance (Alvaro Herrera)</para></listitem>
5318 <title>Data Types and Functions</title>
5320 <listitem><para>Fix factorial(0) to return 1 (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5321 <listitem><para>Date/time/timezone improvements (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5322 <listitem><para>Fix for array slice extraction (Tom)</para></listitem>
5323 <listitem><para>Fix extract/date_part to report proper microseconds for timestamp (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5324 <listitem><para>Allow text_substr() and bytea_substr() to read TOAST values more efficiently (John Gray)</para></listitem>
5325 <listitem><para>Add domain support (Rod)</para></listitem>
5326 <listitem><para>Make WITHOUT TIME ZONE the default for TIMESTAMP and TIME data types (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5327 <listitem><para>Allow alternate storage scheme of 64-bit integers for date/time types using --enable-integer-datetimes in configure (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5328 <listitem><para>Make timezone(timestamptz) return timestamp rather than a string (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5329 <listitem><para>Allow fractional seconds in date/time types for dates prior to 1BC (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5330 <listitem><para>Limit timestamp data types to 6 decimal places of precision (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5331 <listitem><para>Change timezone conversion functions from timetz() to timezone() (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5332 <listitem><para>Add configuration variables datestyle and timezone (Tom)</para></listitem>
5333 <listitem><para>Add OVERLAY(), which allows substitution of a substring in a string (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5334 <listitem><para>Add SIMILAR TO (Thomas, Tom)</para></listitem>
5335 <listitem><para>Add regular expression SUBSTRING(string FROM pat FOR escape) (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5336 <listitem><para>Add LOCALTIME and LOCALTIMESTAMP functions (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5337 <listitem><para>Add named composite types using CREATE TYPE typename AS (column) (Joe)</para></listitem>
5338 <listitem><para>Allow composite type definition in the table alias clause (Joe)</para></listitem>
5339 <listitem><para>Add new API to simplify creation of C language table functions (Joe)</para></listitem>
5340 <listitem><para>Remove ODBC-compatible empty parentheses from calls to SQL99 functions for which these parentheses do not match the standard (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5341 <listitem><para>Allow macaddr data type to accept 12 hex digits with no separators (Mike Wyer)</para></listitem>
5342 <listitem><para>Add CREATE/DROP CAST (Peter)</para></listitem>
5343 <listitem><para>Add IS DISTINCT FROM operator (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5344 <listitem><para>Add SQL99 TREAT() function, synonym for CAST() (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5345 <listitem><para>Add pg_backend_pid() to output backend pid (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5346 <listitem><para>Add IS OF / IS NOT OF type predicate (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5347 <listitem><para>Allow bit string constants without fully-specified length (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5348 <listitem><para>Allow conversion between 8-byte integers and bit strings (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5349 <listitem><para>Implement hex literal conversion to bit string literal (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5350 <listitem><para>Allow table functions to appear in the FROM clause (Joe)</para></listitem>
5351 <listitem><para>Increase maximum number of function parameters to 32 (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5352 <listitem><para>No longer automatically create index for SERIAL column (Tom)</para></listitem>
5353 <listitem><para>Add current_database() (Rod)</para></listitem>
5354 <listitem><para>Fix cash_words() to not overflow buffer (Tom)</para></listitem>
5355 <listitem><para>Add functions replace(), split_part(), to_hex() (Joe)</para></listitem>
5356 <listitem><para>Fix LIKE for bytea as a right-hand argument (Joe)</para></listitem>
5357 <listitem><para>Prevent crashes caused by SELECT cash_out(2) (Tom)</para></listitem>
5358 <listitem><para>Fix to_char(1,'FM999.99') to return a period (Karel)</para></listitem>
5359 <listitem><para>Fix trigger/type/language functions returning OPAQUE to return proper type (Tom)</para></listitem>
5364 <title>Internationalization</title>
5366 <listitem><para>Add additional encodings: Korean (JOHAB), Thai (WIN874), Vietnamese (TCVN), Arabic (WIN1256), Simplified Chinese (GBK), Korean (UHC) (Eiji Tokuya)</para></listitem>
5367 <listitem><para>Enable locale support by default (Peter)</para></listitem>
5368 <listitem><para>Add locale variables (Peter)</para></listitem>
5369 <listitem><para>Escape byes >= 0x7f for multibyte in PQescapeBytea/PQunescapeBytea (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5370 <listitem><para>Add locale awareness to regular expression character classes</para></listitem>
5371 <listitem><para>Enable multibyte support by default (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5372 <listitem><para>Add GB18030 multibyte support (Bill Huang)</para></listitem>
5373 <listitem><para>Add CREATE/DROP CONVERSION, allowing loadable encodings (Tatsuo, Kaori)</para></listitem>
5374 <listitem><para>Add pg_conversion table (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5375 <listitem><para>Add SQL99 CONVERT() function (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5376 <listitem><para>pg_dumpall, pg_controldata, and pg_resetxlog now national-language aware (Peter)</para></listitem>
5377 <listitem><para>New and updated translations</para></listitem>
5382 <title>Server-side Languages</title>
5384 <listitem><para>Allow recursive SQL function (Peter)</para></listitem>
5385 <listitem><para>Change PL/Tcl build to use configured compiler and Makefile.shlib (Peter)</para></listitem>
5386 <listitem><para>Overhaul the PL/pgSQL FOUND variable to be more Oracle-compatible (Neil, Tom)</para></listitem>
5387 <listitem><para>Allow PL/pgSQL to handle quoted identifiers (Tom)</para></listitem>
5388 <listitem><para>Allow set-returning PL/pgSQL functions (Neil)</para></listitem>
5389 <listitem><para>Make PL/pgSQL schema-aware (Joe)</para></listitem>
5390 <listitem><para>Remove some memory leaks (Nigel J. Andrews, Tom)</para></listitem>
5397 <listitem><para>Don't lowercase psql \connect database name for 7.2.0 compatibility (Tom)</para></listitem>
5398 <listitem><para>Add psql \timing to time user queries (Greg Sabino Mullane)</para></listitem>
5399 <listitem><para>Have psql \d show index information (Greg Sabino Mullane)</para></listitem>
5400 <listitem><para>New psql \dD shows domains (Jonathan Eisler)</para></listitem>
5401 <listitem><para>Allow psql to show rules on views (Paul ?)</para></listitem>
5402 <listitem><para>Fix for psql variable substitution (Tom)</para></listitem>
5403 <listitem><para>Allow psql \d to show temporary table structure (Tom)</para></listitem>
5404 <listitem><para>Allow psql \d to show foreign keys (Rod)</para></listitem>
5405 <listitem><para>Fix \? to honor \pset pager (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5406 <listitem><para>Have psql reports its version number on startup (Tom)</para></listitem>
5407 <listitem><para>Allow \copy to specify column names (Tom)</para></listitem>
5412 <title>libpq</title>
5414 <listitem><para>Add $HOME/.pgpass to store host/user password combinations (Alvaro Herrera)</para></listitem>
5415 <listitem><para>Add PQunescapeBytea() function to libpq (Patrick Welche)</para></listitem>
5416 <listitem><para>Fix for sending large queries over non-blocking connections (Bernhard Herzog)</para></listitem>
5417 <listitem><para>Fix for libpq using timers on Win9X (David Ford)</para></listitem>
5418 <listitem><para>Allow libpq notify to handle servers with different-length identifiers (Tom)</para></listitem>
5419 <listitem><para>Add libpq PQescapeString() and PQescapeBytea() to Windows (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5420 <listitem><para>Fix for SSL with non-blocking connections (Jack Bates)</para></listitem>
5421 <listitem><para>Add libpq connection timeout parameter (Denis A Ustimenko)</para></listitem>
5428 <listitem><para>Allow JDBC to compile with JDK 1.4 (Dave)</para></listitem>
5429 <listitem><para>Add JDBC 3 support (Barry)</para></listitem>
5430 <listitem><para>Allows JDBC to set loglevel by adding ?loglevel=X to the connection URL (Barry)</para></listitem>
5431 <listitem><para>Add Driver.info() message that prints out the version number (Barry)</para></listitem>
5432 <listitem><para>Add updateable result sets (Raghu Nidagal, Dave)</para></listitem>
5433 <listitem><para>Add support for callable statements (Paul Bethe)</para></listitem>
5434 <listitem><para>Add query cancel capability</para></listitem>
5435 <listitem><para>Add refresh row (Dave)</para></listitem>
5436 <listitem><para>Fix MD5 encryption handling for multibyte servers (Jun Kawai)</para></listitem>
5437 <listitem><para>Add support for prepared statements (Barry)</para></listitem>
5442 <title>Miscellaneous Interfaces</title>
5444 <listitem><para>Fixed ECPG bug concerning octal numbers in single quotes (Michael)</para></listitem>
5445 <listitem><para>Move src/interfaces/libpgeasy to http://gborg.postgresql.org (Marc, Bruce)</para></listitem>
5446 <listitem><para>Improve Python interface (Elliot Lee, Andrew Johnson, Greg Copeland)</para></listitem>
5447 <listitem><para>Add libpgtcl connection close event (Gerhard Hintermayer)</para></listitem>
5448 <listitem><para>Move src/interfaces/libpq++ to http://gborg.postgresql.org (Marc, Bruce)</para></listitem>
5449 <listitem><para>Move src/interfaces/odbc to http://gborg.postgresql.org (Marc)</para></listitem>
5450 <listitem><para>Move src/interfaces/libpgeasy to http://gborg.postgresql.org (Marc, Bruce)</para></listitem>
5451 <listitem><para>Move src/interfaces/perl5 to http://gborg.postgresql.org (Marc, Bruce)</para></listitem>
5452 <listitem><para>Remove src/bin/pgaccess from main tree, now at http://www.pgaccess.org (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5453 <listitem><para>Add pg_on_connection_loss command to libpgtcl (Gerhard Hintermayer, Tom)</para></listitem>
5458 <title>Source Code</title>
5460 <listitem><para>Fix for parallel make (Peter)</para></listitem>
5461 <listitem><para>AIX fixes for linking Tcl (Andreas Zeugswetter)</para></listitem>
5462 <listitem><para>Allow PL/Perl to build under Cygwin (Jason Tishler)</para></listitem>
5463 <listitem><para>Improve MIPS compiles (Peter, Oliver Elphick)</para></listitem>
5464 <listitem><para>Require Autoconf version 2.53 (Peter)</para></listitem>
5465 <listitem><para>Require readline and zlib by default in configure (Peter)</para></listitem>
5466 <listitem><para>Allow Solaris to use Intimate Shared Memory (ISM), for performance (Scott Brunza, P.J. Josh Rovero)</para></listitem>
5467 <listitem><para>Always enable syslog in compile, remove --enable-syslog option (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5468 <listitem><para>Always enable multibyte in compile, remove --enable-multibyte option (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5469 <listitem><para>Always enable locale in compile, remove --enable-locale option (Peter)</para></listitem>
5470 <listitem><para>Fix for Win9x DLL creation (Magnus Naeslund)</para></listitem>
5471 <listitem><para>Fix for link() usage by WAL code on Windows, BeOS (Jason Tishler)</para></listitem>
5472 <listitem><para>Add sys/types.h to c.h, remove from main files (Peter, Bruce)</para></listitem>
5473 <listitem><para>Fix AIX hang on SMP machines (Tomoyuki Niijima)</para></listitem>
5474 <listitem><para>AIX SMP hang fix (Tomoyuki Niijima)</para></listitem>
5475 <listitem><para>Fix pre-1970 date handling on newer glibc libraries (Tom)</para></listitem>
5476 <listitem><para>Fix PowerPC SMP locking (Tom)</para></listitem>
5477 <listitem><para>Prevent gcc -ffast-math from being used (Peter, Tom)</para></listitem>
5478 <listitem><para>Bison >= 1.50 now required for developer builds</para></listitem>
5479 <listitem><para>Kerberos 5 support now builds with Heimdal (Peter)</para></listitem>
5480 <listitem><para>Add appendix in the User's Guide which lists SQL features (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5481 <listitem><para>Improve loadable module linking to use RTLD_NOW (Tom)</para></listitem>
5482 <listitem><para>New error levels WARNING, INFO, LOG, DEBUG[1-5] (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5483 <listitem><para>New src/port directory holds replaced libc functions (Peter, Bruce)</para></listitem>
5484 <listitem><para>New pg_namespace system catalog for schemas (Tom)</para></listitem>
5485 <listitem><para>Add pg_class.relnamespace for schemas (Tom)</para></listitem>
5486 <listitem><para>Add pg_type.typnamespace for schemas (Tom)</para></listitem>
5487 <listitem><para>Add pg_proc.pronamespace for schemas (Tom)</para></listitem>
5488 <listitem><para>Restructure aggregates to have pg_proc entries (Tom)</para></listitem>
5489 <listitem><para>System relations now have their own namespace, pg_* test not required (Fernando Nasser)</para></listitem>
5490 <listitem><para>Rename TOAST index names to be *_index rather than *_idx (Neil)</para></listitem>
5491 <listitem><para>Add namespaces for operators, opclasses (Tom)</para></listitem>
5492 <listitem><para>Add additional checks to server control file (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5493 <listitem><para>New Polish FAQ (Marcin Mazurek)</para></listitem>
5494 <listitem><para>Add Posix semaphore support (Tom)</para></listitem>
5495 <listitem><para>Document need for reindex (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5496 <listitem><para>Rename some internal identifiers to simplify Windows compile (Jan, Katherine Ward)</para></listitem>
5497 <listitem><para>Add documentation on computing disk space (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5498 <listitem><para>Remove KSQO from GUC (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5499 <listitem><para>Fix memory leak in rtree (Kenneth Been)</para></listitem>
5500 <listitem><para>Modify a few error messages for consistency (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5501 <listitem><para>Remove unused system table columns (Peter)</para></listitem>
5502 <listitem><para>Make system columns NOT NULL where appropriate (Tom)</para></listitem>
5503 <listitem><para>Clean up use of sprintf in favor of snprintf() (Neil, Jukka Holappa)</para></listitem>
5504 <listitem><para>Remove OPAQUE and create specific subtypes (Tom)</para></listitem>
5505 <listitem><para>Cleanups in array internal handling (Joe, Tom)</para></listitem>
5506 <listitem><para>Disallow pg_atoi('') (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5507 <listitem><para>Remove parameter wal_files because WAL files are now recycled (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5508 <listitem><para>Add version numbers to heap pages (Tom)</para></listitem>
5513 <title>Contrib</title>
5515 <listitem><para>Allow inet arrays in /contrib/array (Neil)</para></listitem>
5516 <listitem><para>GiST fixes (Teodor Sigaev, Neil)</para></listitem>
5517 <listitem><para>Upgrade /contrib/mysql</para></listitem>
5518 <listitem><para>Add /contrib/dbsize which shows table sizes without vacuum (Peter)</para></listitem>
5519 <listitem><para>Add /contrib/intagg, integer aggregator routines (mlw)</para></listitem>
5520 <listitem><para>Improve /contrib/oid2name (Neil, Bruce)</para></listitem>
5521 <listitem><para>Improve /contrib/tsearch (Oleg, Teodor Sigaev)</para></listitem>
5522 <listitem><para>Cleanups of /contrib/rserver (Alexey V. Borzov)</para></listitem>
5523 <listitem><para>Update /contrib/oracle conversion utility (Gilles Darold)</para></listitem>
5524 <listitem><para>Update /contrib/dblink (Joe)</para></listitem>
5525 <listitem><para>Improve options supported by /contrib/vacuumlo (Mario Weilguni)</para></listitem>
5526 <listitem><para>Improvements to /contrib/intarray (Oleg, Teodor Sigaev, Andrey Oktyabrski)</para></listitem>
5527 <listitem><para>Add /contrib/reindexdb utility (Shaun Thomas)</para></listitem>
5528 <listitem><para>Add indexing to /contrib/isbn_issn (Dan Weston)</para></listitem>
5529 <listitem><para>Add /contrib/dbmirror (Steven Singer)</para></listitem>
5530 <listitem><para>Improve /contrib/pgbench (Neil)</para></listitem>
5531 <listitem><para>Add /contrib/tablefunc table function examples (Joe)</para></listitem>
5532 <listitem><para>Add /contrib/ltree data type for tree structures (Teodor Sigaev, Oleg Bartunov)</para></listitem>
5533 <listitem><para>Move /contrib/pg_controldata, pg_resetxlog into main tree (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5534 <listitem><para>Fixes to /contrib/cube (Bruno Wolff)</para></listitem>
5535 <listitem><para>Improve /contrib/fulltextindex (Christopher)</para></listitem>
5542 <sect1 id="release-7-2-6">
5543 <title>Release 7.2.6</title>
5546 <title>Release date</title>
5547 <simpara>2004-10-22</simpara>
5551 This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.2.5.
5556 <title>Migration to version 7.2.6</title>
5559 A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.2.X.
5564 <title>Changes</title>
5567 <listitem><para>Repair possible failure to update hint bits on disk</para>
5569 Under rare circumstances this oversight could lead to
5570 <quote>could not access transaction status</> failures, which qualifies
5571 it as a potential-data-loss bug.
5573 <listitem><para>Ensure that hashed outer join does not miss tuples</para>
5575 Very large left joins using a hash join plan could fail to output unmatched
5576 left-side rows given just the right data distribution.
5578 <listitem><para>Disallow running pg_ctl as root</para>
5580 This is to guard against any possible security issues.
5582 <listitem><para>Avoid using temp files in /tmp in make_oidjoins_check</para>
5584 This has been reported as a security issue, though it's hardly worthy of
5585 concern since there is no reason for non-developers to use this script anyway.
5587 <listitem><para>Update to newer versions of Bison</para></listitem>
5593 <sect1 id="release-7-2-5">
5594 <title>Release 7.2.5</title>
5597 <title>Release date</title>
5598 <simpara>2004-08-16</simpara>
5602 This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.2.4.
5607 <title>Migration to version 7.2.5</title>
5610 A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.2.X.
5615 <title>Changes</title>
5618 <listitem><para>Prevent possible loss of committed transactions during crash</para>
5620 Due to insufficient interlocking between transaction commit and checkpointing,
5621 it was possible for transactions committed just before the most recent
5622 checkpoint to be lost, in whole or in part, following a database crash and
5623 restart. This is a serious bug that has existed
5624 since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
5626 <listitem><para>Fix corner case for btree search in parallel with first root page split</para></listitem>
5627 <listitem><para>Fix buffer overrun in <function>to_ascii</function> (Guido Notari)</para></listitem>
5628 <listitem><para>Fix core dump in deadlock detection on machines where char is unsigned</para></listitem>
5629 <listitem><para>Fix failure to respond to <command>pg_ctl stop -m fast</command> after Async_NotifyHandler runs</para></listitem>
5630 <listitem><para>Repair memory leaks in pg_dump</para></listitem>
5631 <listitem><para>Avoid conflict with system definition of <function>isblank()</function> function or macro</para></listitem>
5636 <sect1 id="release-7-2-4">
5637 <title>Release 7.2.4</title>
5640 <title>Release date</title>
5641 <simpara>2003-01-30</simpara>
5645 This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.2.3,
5646 including fixes to prevent possible data loss.
5650 <title>Migration to version 7.2.4</title>
5653 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
5654 running version 7.2.*.
5659 <title>Changes</title>
5662 <listitem><para>Fix some additional cases of VACUUM "No one parent tuple was found" error</para></listitem>
5663 <listitem><para>Prevent VACUUM from being called inside a function (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5664 <listitem><para>Ensure pg_clog updates are sync'd to disk before marking checkpoint complete</para></listitem>
5665 <listitem><para>Avoid integer overflow during large hash joins</para></listitem>
5666 <listitem><para>Make GROUP commands work when pg_group.grolist is large enough to be toasted</para></listitem>
5667 <listitem><para>Fix errors in datetime tables; some timezone names weren't being recognized</para></listitem>
5668 <listitem><para>Fix integer overflows in circle_poly(), path_encode(), path_add() (Neil)</para></listitem>
5669 <listitem><para>Repair long-standing logic errors in lseg_eq(), lseg_ne(), lseg_center()</para></listitem>
5675 <sect1 id="release-7-2-3">
5676 <title>Release 7.2.3</title>
5679 <title>Release date</title>
5680 <simpara>2002-10-01</simpara>
5684 This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.2.2,
5685 including fixes to prevent possible data loss.
5689 <title>Migration to version 7.2.3</title>
5692 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
5693 running version 7.2.*.
5698 <title>Changes</title>
5701 <listitem><para>Prevent possible compressed transaction log loss (Tom)</para></listitem>
5702 <listitem><para>Prevent non-superuser from increasing most recent vacuum info (Tom)</para></listitem>
5703 <listitem><para>Handle pre-1970 date values in newer versions of glibc (Tom)</para></listitem>
5704 <listitem><para>Fix possible hang during server shutdown</para></listitem>
5705 <listitem><para>Prevent spinlock hangs on SMP PPC machines (Tomoyuki Niijima)</para></listitem>
5706 <listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_dump</> to properly dump FULL JOIN USING (Tom)</para></listitem>
5712 <sect1 id="release-7-2-2">
5713 <title>Release 7.2.2</title>
5716 <title>Release date</title>
5717 <simpara>2002-08-23</simpara>
5721 This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.2.1.
5725 <title>Migration to version 7.2.2</title>
5728 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
5729 running version 7.2.*.
5734 <title>Changes</title>
5737 <listitem><para>Allow EXECUTE of "CREATE TABLE AS ... SELECT" in PL/pgSQL (Tom)</para></listitem>
5738 <listitem><para>Fix for compressed transaction log id wraparound (Tom)</para></listitem>
5739 <listitem><para>Fix PQescapeBytea/PQunescapeBytea so that they handle bytes > 0x7f (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5740 <listitem><para>Fix for psql and <application>pg_dump</> crashing when invoked with non-existent long options (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5741 <listitem><para>Fix crash when invoking geometric operators (Tom)</para></listitem>
5742 <listitem><para>Allow OPEN cursor(args) (Tom)</para></listitem>
5743 <listitem><para>Fix for rtree_gist index build (Teodor)</para></listitem>
5744 <listitem><para>Fix for dumping user-defined aggregates (Tom)</para></listitem>
5745 <listitem><para>contrib/intarray fixes (Oleg)</para></listitem>
5746 <listitem><para>Fix for complex UNION/EXCEPT/INTERSECT queries using parens (Tom)</para></listitem>
5747 <listitem><para>Fix to pg_convert (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5748 <listitem><para>Fix for crash with long DATA strings (Thomas, Neil)</para></listitem>
5749 <listitem><para>Fix for repeat(), lpad(), rpad() and long strings (Neil)</para></listitem>
5755 <sect1 id="release-7-2-1">
5756 <title>Release 7.2.1</title>
5759 <title>Release date</title>
5760 <simpara>2002-03-21</simpara>
5764 This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.2.
5768 <title>Migration to version 7.2.1</title>
5771 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
5772 running version 7.2.
5777 <title>Changes</title>
5780 <listitem><para>Ensure that sequence counters do not go backwards after a crash (Tom)</para></listitem>
5781 <listitem><para>Fix pgaccess kanji-conversion key binding (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5782 <listitem><para>Optimizer improvements (Tom)</para></listitem>
5783 <listitem><para>Cash I/O improvements (Tom)</para></listitem>
5784 <listitem><para>New Russian FAQ</para></listitem>
5785 <listitem><para>Compile fix for missing AuthBlockSig (Heiko)</para></listitem>
5786 <listitem><para>Additional time zones and time zone fixes (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5787 <listitem><para>Allow psql \connect to handle mixed case database and user names (Tom)</para></listitem>
5788 <listitem><para>Return proper OID on command completion even with ON INSERT rules (Tom)</para></listitem>
5789 <listitem><para>Allow COPY FROM to use 8-bit DELIMITERS (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5790 <listitem><para>Fix bug in extract/date_part for milliseconds/microseconds (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5791 <listitem><para>Improve handling of multiple UNIONs with different lengths (Tom)</para></listitem>
5792 <listitem><para>contrib/btree_gist improvements (Teodor Sigaev)</para></listitem>
5793 <listitem><para>contrib/tsearch dictionary improvements, see README.tsearch for an additional installation step (Thomas T. Thai, Teodor Sigaev)</para></listitem>
5794 <listitem><para>Fix for array subscripts handling (Tom)</para></listitem>
5795 <listitem><para>Allow EXECUTE of "CREATE TABLE AS ... SELECT" in PL/pgSQL (Tom)</para></listitem>
5801 <sect1 id="release-7-2">
5802 <title>Release 7.2</title>
5805 <title>Release date</title>
5806 <simpara>2002-02-04</simpara>
5810 <title>Overview</title>
5813 This release improves <productname>PostgreSQL</> for use in
5814 high-volume applications.
5818 Major changes in this release:
5825 Vacuuming no longer locks tables, thus allowing normal user
5826 access during the vacuum. A new <command>VACUUM FULL</>
5827 command does old-style vacuum by locking the table and
5828 shrinking the on-disk copy of the table.
5834 <term>Transactions</term>
5837 There is no longer a problem with installations that exceed
5838 four billion transactions.
5847 OIDs are now optional. Users can now create tables without
5848 OIDs for cases where OID usage is excessive.
5854 <term>Optimizer</term>
5857 The system now computes histogram column statistics during
5858 <command>ANALYZE</>, allowing much better optimizer choices.
5864 <term>Security</term>
5867 A new MD5 encryption option allows more secure storage and
5868 transfer of passwords. A new Unix-domain socket
5869 authentication option is available on Linux and BSD systems.
5875 <term>Statistics</term>
5878 Administrators can use the new table access statistics module
5879 to get fine-grained information about table and index usage.
5885 <term>Internationalization</term>
5888 Program and library messages can now be displayed in several
5898 <title>Migration to version 7.2</title>
5901 A dump/restore using <command>pg_dump</command> is required for
5902 those wishing to migrate data from any previous release.
5906 Observe the following incompatibilities:
5911 The semantics of the <command>VACUUM</command> command have
5912 changed in this release. You may wish to update your
5913 maintenance procedures accordingly.
5919 In this release, comparisons using <literal>= NULL</literal>
5920 will always return false (or NULL, more precisely). Previous
5921 releases automatically transformed this syntax to <literal>IS
5922 NULL</literal>. The old behavior can be re-enabled using a
5923 <filename>postgresql.conf</filename> parameter.
5929 The <filename>pg_hba.conf</> and <filename>pg_ident.conf</>
5930 configuration is now only reloaded after receiving a
5931 <systemitem>SIGHUP</> signal, not with each connection.
5937 The function <filename>octet_length()</> now returns the uncompressed data length.
5943 The date/time value <literal>'current'</literal> is no longer
5944 available. You will need to rewrite your applications.
5950 The <literal>timestamp()</literal>, <literal>time()</literal>,
5951 and <literal>interval()</literal> functions are no longer
5952 available. Instead of <literal>timestamp()</literal>, use
5953 <literal>timestamp 'string'</literal> or <literal>CAST</literal>.
5960 The <literal>SELECT ... LIMIT #,#</literal> syntax will be removed
5961 in the next release. You should change your queries to use
5962 separate LIMIT and OFFSET clauses, e.g. <literal>LIMIT 10 OFFSET
5968 <title>Changes</title>
5971 <title>Server Operation</title>
5973 <listitem><para>Create temporary files in a separate directory (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5974 <listitem><para>Delete orphaned temporary files on postmaster startup (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5975 <listitem><para>Added unique indexes to some system tables (Tom)</para></listitem>
5976 <listitem><para>System table operator reorganization (Oleg Bartunov, Teodor Sigaev, Tom)</para></listitem>
5977 <listitem><para>Renamed pg_log to pg_clog (Tom)</para></listitem>
5978 <listitem><para>Enable SIGTERM, SIGQUIT to kill backends (Jan)</para></listitem>
5979 <listitem><para>Removed compile-time limit on number of backends (Tom)</para></listitem>
5980 <listitem><para>Better cleanup for semaphore resource failure (Tatsuo, Tom)</para></listitem>
5981 <listitem><para>Allow safe transaction ID wraparound (Tom)</para></listitem>
5982 <listitem><para>Removed OIDs from some system tables (Tom)</para></listitem>
5983 <listitem><para>Removed "triggered data change violation" error check (Tom)</para></listitem>
5984 <listitem><para>SPI portal creation of prepared/saved plans (Jan)</para></listitem>
5985 <listitem><para>Allow SPI column functions to work for system columns (Tom)</para></listitem>
5986 <listitem><para>Long value compression improvement (Tom)</para></listitem>
5987 <listitem><para>Statistics collector for table, index access (Jan)</para></listitem>
5988 <listitem><para>Truncate extra-long sequence names to a reasonable value (Tom)</para></listitem>
5989 <listitem><para>Measure transaction times in milliseconds (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5990 <listitem><para>Fix TID sequential scans (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
5991 <listitem><para>Superuser ID now fixed at 1 (Peter E)</para></listitem>
5992 <listitem><para>New pg_ctl "reload" option (Tom)</para></listitem>
5997 <title>Performance</title>
5999 <listitem><para>Optimizer improvements (Tom)</para></listitem>
6000 <listitem><para>New histogram column statistics for optimizer (Tom)</para></listitem>
6001 <listitem><para>Reuse write-ahead log files rather than discarding them (Tom)</para></listitem>
6002 <listitem><para>Cache improvements (Tom)</para></listitem>
6003 <listitem><para>IS NULL, IS NOT NULL optimizer improvement (Tom)</para></listitem>
6004 <listitem><para>Improve lock manager to reduce lock contention (Tom)</para></listitem>
6005 <listitem><para>Keep relcache entries for index access support functions (Tom)</para></listitem>
6006 <listitem><para>Allow better selectivity with NaN and infinities in NUMERIC (Tom)</para></listitem>
6007 <listitem><para>R-tree performance improvements (Kenneth Been)</para></listitem>
6008 <listitem><para>B-tree splits more efficient (Tom)</para></listitem>
6013 <title>Privileges</title>
6015 <listitem><para>Change UPDATE, DELETE privileges to be distinct (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6016 <listitem><para>New REFERENCES, TRIGGER privileges (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6017 <listitem><para>Allow GRANT/REVOKE to/from more than one user at a time (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6018 <listitem><para>New has_table_privilege() function (Joe Conway)</para></listitem>
6019 <listitem><para>Allow non-superuser to vacuum database (Tom)</para></listitem>
6020 <listitem><para>New SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION command (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6021 <listitem><para>Fix bug in privilege modifications on newly created tables (Tom)</para></listitem>
6022 <listitem><para>Disallow access to pg_statistic for non-superuser, add user-accessible views (Tom)</para></listitem>
6027 <title>Client Authentication</title>
6029 <listitem><para>Fork postmaster before doing authentication to prevent hangs (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6030 <listitem><para>Add ident authentication over Unix domain sockets on Linux, *BSD (Helge Bahmann, Oliver Elphick, Teodor Sigaev, Bruce)</para></listitem>
6031 <listitem><para>Add a password authentication method that uses MD5 encryption (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6032 <listitem><para>Allow encryption of stored passwords using MD5 (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6033 <listitem><para>PAM authentication (Dominic J. Eidson)</para></listitem>
6034 <listitem><para>Load pg_hba.conf and pg_ident.conf only on startup and SIGHUP (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6039 <title>Server Configuration</title>
6041 <listitem><para>Interpretation of some time zone abbreviations as Australian rather than North American now settable at run time (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6042 <listitem><para>New parameter to set default transaction isolation level (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6043 <listitem><para>New parameter to enable conversion of "expr = NULL" into "expr IS NULL", off by default (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6044 <listitem><para>New parameter to control memory usage by VACUUM (Tom)</para></listitem>
6045 <listitem><para>New parameter to set client authentication timeout (Tom)</para></listitem>
6046 <listitem><para>New parameter to set maximum number of open files (Tom)</para></listitem>
6051 <title>Queries</title>
6053 <listitem><para>Statements added by INSERT rules now execute after the INSERT (Jan)</para></listitem>
6054 <listitem><para>Prevent unadorned relation names in target list (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6055 <listitem><para>NULLs now sort after all normal values in ORDER BY (Tom)</para></listitem>
6056 <listitem><para>New IS UNKNOWN, IS NOT UNKNOWN Boolean tests (Tom)</para></listitem>
6057 <listitem><para>New SHARE UPDATE EXCLUSIVE lock mode (Tom)</para></listitem>
6058 <listitem><para>New EXPLAIN ANALYZE command that shows run times and row counts (Martijn van Oosterhout)</para></listitem>
6059 <listitem><para>Fix problem with LIMIT and subqueries (Tom)</para></listitem>
6060 <listitem><para>Fix for LIMIT, DISTINCT ON pushed into subqueries (Tom)</para></listitem>
6061 <listitem><para>Fix nested EXCEPT/INTERSECT (Tom)</para></listitem>
6066 <title>Schema Manipulation</title>
6068 <listitem><para>Fix SERIAL in temporary tables (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6069 <listitem><para>Allow temporary sequences (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6070 <listitem><para>Sequences now use int8 internally (Tom)</para></listitem>
6071 <listitem><para>New SERIAL8 creates int8 columns with sequences, default still SERIAL4 (Tom)</para></listitem>
6072 <listitem><para>Make OIDs optional using WITHOUT OIDS (Tom)</para></listitem>
6073 <listitem><para>Add %TYPE syntax to CREATE TYPE (Ian Lance Taylor)</para></listitem>
6074 <listitem><para>Add ALTER TABLE / DROP CONSTRAINT for CHECK constraints (Christopher Kings-Lynne)</para></listitem>
6075 <listitem><para>New CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION to alter existing function (preserving the function OID) (Gavin Sherry)</para></listitem>
6076 <listitem><para>Add ALTER TABLE / ADD [ UNIQUE | PRIMARY ] (Christopher Kings-Lynne)</para></listitem>
6077 <listitem><para>Allow column renaming in views</para></listitem>
6078 <listitem><para>Make ALTER TABLE / RENAME COLUMN update column names of indexes (Brent Verner)</para></listitem>
6079 <listitem><para>Fix for ALTER TABLE / ADD CONSTRAINT ... CHECK with inherited tables (Stephan Szabo)</para></listitem>
6080 <listitem><para>ALTER TABLE RENAME update foreign-key trigger arguments correctly (Brent Verner)</para></listitem>
6081 <listitem><para>DROP AGGREGATE and COMMENT ON AGGREGATE now accept an aggtype (Tom)</para></listitem>
6082 <listitem><para>Add automatic return type data casting for SQL functions (Tom)</para></listitem>
6083 <listitem><para>Allow GiST indexes to handle NULLs and multikey indexes (Oleg Bartunov, Teodor Sigaev, Tom)</para></listitem>
6084 <listitem><para>Enable partial indexes (Martijn van Oosterhout)</para></listitem>
6089 <title>Utility Commands</title>
6091 <listitem><para>Add RESET ALL, SHOW ALL (Marko Kreen)</para></listitem>
6092 <listitem><para>CREATE/ALTER USER/GROUP now allow options in any order (Vince)</para></listitem>
6093 <listitem><para>Add LOCK A, B, C functionality (Neil Padgett)</para></listitem>
6094 <listitem><para>New ENCRYPTED/UNENCRYPTED option to CREATE/ALTER USER (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6095 <listitem><para>New light-weight VACUUM does not lock table; old semantics are available as VACUUM FULL (Tom)</para></listitem>
6096 <listitem><para>Disable COPY TO/FROM on views (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6097 <listitem><para>COPY DELIMITERS string must be exactly one character (Tom)</para></listitem>
6098 <listitem><para>VACUUM warning about index tuples fewer than heap now only appears when appropriate (Martijn van Oosterhout)</para></listitem>
6099 <listitem><para>Fix privilege checks for CREATE INDEX (Tom)</para></listitem>
6100 <listitem><para>Disallow inappropriate use of CREATE/DROP INDEX/TRIGGER/VIEW (Tom)</para></listitem>
6105 <title>Data Types and Functions</title>
6107 <listitem><para>SUM(), AVG(), COUNT() now uses int8 internally for speed (Tom)</para></listitem>
6108 <listitem><para>Add convert(), convert2() (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6109 <listitem><para>New function bit_length() (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6110 <listitem><para>Make the "n" in CHAR(n)/VARCHAR(n) represents letters, not bytes (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6111 <listitem><para>CHAR(), VARCHAR() now reject strings that are too long (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6112 <listitem><para>BIT VARYING now rejects bit strings that are too long (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6113 <listitem><para>BIT now rejects bit strings that do not match declared size (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6114 <listitem><para>INET, CIDR text conversion functions (Alex Pilosov)</para></listitem>
6115 <listitem><para>INET, CIDR operators << and <<= indexable (Alex Pilosov)</para></listitem>
6116 <listitem><para>Bytea \### now requires valid three digit octal number</para></listitem>
6117 <listitem><para>Bytea comparison improvements, now supports =, <>, >, >=, <, and <=</para></listitem>
6118 <listitem><para>Bytea now supports B-tree indexes</para></listitem>
6119 <listitem><para>Bytea now supports LIKE, LIKE...ESCAPE, NOT LIKE, NOT LIKE...ESCAPE</para></listitem>
6120 <listitem><para>Bytea now supports concatenation</para></listitem>
6121 <listitem><para>New bytea functions: position, substring, trim, btrim, and length</para></listitem>
6122 <listitem><para>New encode() function mode, "escaped", converts minimally escaped bytea to/from text</para></listitem>
6123 <listitem><para>Add pg_database_encoding_max_length() (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6124 <listitem><para>Add pg_client_encoding() function (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6125 <listitem><para>now() returns time with millisecond precision (Thomas)</para></listitem>
6126 <listitem><para>New TIMESTAMP WITHOUT TIMEZONE data type (Thomas)</para></listitem>
6127 <listitem><para>Add ISO date/time specification with "T", yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss (Thomas)</para></listitem>
6128 <listitem><para>New xid/int comparison functions (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
6129 <listitem><para>Add precision to TIME, TIMESTAMP, and INTERVAL data types (Thomas)</para></listitem>
6130 <listitem><para>Modify type coercion logic to attempt binary-compatible functions first (Tom)</para></listitem>
6131 <listitem><para>New encode() function installed by default (Marko Kreen)</para></listitem>
6132 <listitem><para>Improved to_*() conversion functions (Karel Zak)</para></listitem>
6133 <listitem><para>Optimize LIKE/ILIKE when using single-byte encodings (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6134 <listitem><para>New functions in contrib/pgcrypto: crypt(), hmac(), encrypt(), gen_salt() (Marko Kreen)</para></listitem>
6135 <listitem><para>Correct description of translate() function (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6136 <listitem><para>Add INTERVAL argument for SET TIME ZONE (Thomas)</para></listitem>
6137 <listitem><para>Add INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH (etc.) syntax (Thomas)</para></listitem>
6138 <listitem><para>Optimize length functions when using single-byte encodings (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6139 <listitem><para>Fix path_inter, path_distance, path_length, dist_ppath to handle closed paths (Curtis Barrett, Tom)</para></listitem>
6140 <listitem><para>octet_length(text) now returns non-compressed length (Tatsuo, Bruce)</para></listitem>
6141 <listitem><para>Handle "July" full name in date/time literals (Greg Sabino Mullane)</para></listitem>
6142 <listitem><para>Some datatype() function calls now evaluated differently</para></listitem>
6143 <listitem><para>Add support for Julian and ISO time specifications (Thomas)</para></listitem>
6148 <title>Internationalization</title>
6150 <listitem><para>National language support in psql, <application>pg_dump</>, libpq, and server (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6151 <listitem><para>Message translations in Chinese (simplified, traditional), Czech, French, German, Hungarian, Russian, Swedish (Peter E, Serguei A. Mokhov, Karel Zak, Weiping He, Zhenbang Wei, Kovacs Zoltan)</para></listitem>
6152 <listitem><para>Make trim, ltrim, rtrim, btrim, lpad, rpad, translate multibyte aware (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6153 <listitem><para>Add LATIN5,6,7,8,9,10 support (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6154 <listitem><para>Add ISO 8859-5,6,7,8 support (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6155 <listitem><para>Correct LATIN5 to mean ISO-8859-9, not ISO-8859-5 (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6156 <listitem><para>Make mic2ascii() non-ASCII aware (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6157 <listitem><para>Reject invalid multibyte character sequences (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6162 <title><application>PL/pgSQL</></title>
6164 <listitem><para>Now uses portals for SELECT loops, allowing huge result sets (Jan)</para></listitem>
6165 <listitem><para>CURSOR and REFCURSOR support (Jan)</para></listitem>
6166 <listitem><para>Can now return open cursors (Jan)</para></listitem>
6167 <listitem><para>Add ELSEIF (Klaus Reger)</para></listitem>
6168 <listitem><para>Improve PL/pgSQL error reporting, including location of error (Tom)</para></listitem>
6169 <listitem><para>Allow IS or FOR key words in cursor declaration, for compatibility (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6170 <listitem><para>Fix for SELECT ... FOR UPDATE (Tom)</para></listitem>
6171 <listitem><para>Fix for PERFORM returning multiple rows (Tom)</para></listitem>
6172 <listitem><para>Make PL/pgSQL use the server's type coercion code (Tom)</para></listitem>
6173 <listitem><para>Memory leak fix (Jan, Tom)</para></listitem>
6174 <listitem><para>Make trailing semicolon optional (Tom)</para></listitem>
6179 <title>PL/Perl</title>
6181 <listitem><para>New untrusted PL/Perl (Alex Pilosov)</para></listitem>
6182 <listitem><para>PL/Perl is now built on some platforms even if libperl is not shared (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6187 <title>PL/Tcl</title>
6189 <listitem><para>Now reports errorInfo (Vsevolod Lobko)</para></listitem>
6190 <listitem><para>Add spi_lastoid function (bob@redivi.com)</para></listitem>
6195 <title>PL/Python</title>
6197 <listitem><para>...is new (Andrew Bosma)</para></listitem>
6202 <title><application>psql</></title>
6204 <listitem><para>\d displays indexes in unique, primary groupings (Christopher Kings-Lynne)</para></listitem>
6205 <listitem><para>Allow trailing semicolons in backslash commands (Greg Sabino Mullane)</para></listitem>
6206 <listitem><para>Read password from /dev/tty if possible</para></listitem>
6207 <listitem><para>Force new password prompt when changing user and database (Tatsuo, Tom)</para></listitem>
6208 <listitem><para>Format the correct number of columns for Unicode (Patrice)</para></listitem>
6213 <title><application>libpq</></title>
6215 <listitem><para>New function PQescapeString() to escape quotes in command strings (Florian Weimer)</para></listitem>
6216 <listitem><para>New function PQescapeBytea() escapes binary strings for use as SQL string literals</para></listitem>
6223 <listitem><para>Return OID of INSERT (Ken K)</para></listitem>
6224 <listitem><para>Handle more data types (Ken K)</para></listitem>
6225 <listitem><para>Handle single quotes and newlines in strings (Ken K)</para></listitem>
6226 <listitem><para>Handle NULL variables (Ken K)</para></listitem>
6227 <listitem><para>Fix for time zone handling (Barry Lind)</para></listitem>
6228 <listitem><para>Improved Druid support</para></listitem>
6229 <listitem><para>Allow eight-bit characters with non-multibyte server (Barry Lind)</para></listitem>
6230 <listitem><para>Support BIT, BINARY types (Ned Wolpert)</para></listitem>
6231 <listitem><para>Reduce memory usage (Michael Stephens, Dave Cramer)</para></listitem>
6232 <listitem><para>Update DatabaseMetaData (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6233 <listitem><para>Add DatabaseMetaData.getCatalogs() (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6234 <listitem><para>Encoding fixes (Anders Bengtsson)</para></listitem>
6235 <listitem><para>Get/setCatalog methods (Jason Davies)</para></listitem>
6236 <listitem><para>DatabaseMetaData.getColumns() now returns column defaults (Jason Davies)</para></listitem>
6237 <listitem><para>DatabaseMetaData.getColumns() performance improvement (Jeroen van Vianen)</para></listitem>
6238 <listitem><para>Some JDBC1 and JDBC2 merging (Anders Bengtsson)</para></listitem>
6239 <listitem><para>Transaction performance improvements (Barry Lind)</para></listitem>
6240 <listitem><para>Array fixes (Greg Zoller)</para></listitem>
6241 <listitem><para>Serialize addition </para></listitem>
6242 <listitem><para>Fix batch processing (Rene Pijlman)</para></listitem>
6243 <listitem><para>ExecSQL method reorganization (Anders Bengtsson)</para></listitem>
6244 <listitem><para>GetColumn() fixes (Jeroen van Vianen)</para></listitem>
6245 <listitem><para>Fix isWriteable() function (Rene Pijlman)</para></listitem>
6246 <listitem><para>Improved passage of JDBC2 conformance tests (Rene Pijlman)</para></listitem>
6247 <listitem><para>Add bytea type capability (Barry Lind)</para></listitem>
6248 <listitem><para>Add isNullable() (Rene Pijlman)</para></listitem>
6249 <listitem><para>JDBC date/time test suite fixes (Liam Stewart)</para></listitem>
6250 <listitem><para>Fix for SELECT 'id' AS xxx FROM table (Dave Cramer)</para></listitem>
6251 <listitem><para>Fix DatabaseMetaData to show precision properly (Mark Lillywhite)</para></listitem>
6252 <listitem><para>New getImported/getExported keys (Jason Davies)</para></listitem>
6253 <listitem><para>MD5 password encryption support (Jeremy Wohl)</para></listitem>
6254 <listitem><para>Fix to actually use type cache (Ned Wolpert)</para></listitem>
6261 <listitem><para>Remove query size limit (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
6262 <listitem><para>Remove text field size limit (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
6263 <listitem><para>Fix for SQLPrimaryKeys in multibyte mode (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
6264 <listitem><para>Allow ODBC procedure calls (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
6265 <listitem><para>Improve boolean handing (Aidan Mountford)</para></listitem>
6266 <listitem><para>Most configuration options now settable via DSN (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
6267 <listitem><para>Multibyte, performance fixes (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
6268 <listitem><para>Allow driver to be used with iODBC or unixODBC (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6269 <listitem><para>MD5 password encryption support (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6270 <listitem><para>Add more compatibility functions to odbc.sql (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6275 <title><application>ECPG</></title>
6277 <listitem><para>EXECUTE ... INTO implemented (Christof Petig)</para></listitem>
6278 <listitem><para>Multiple row descriptor support (e.g. CARDINALITY) (Christof Petig)</para></listitem>
6279 <listitem><para>Fix for GRANT parameters (Lee Kindness)</para></listitem>
6280 <listitem><para>Fix INITIALLY DEFERRED bug</para></listitem>
6281 <listitem><para>Various bug fixes (Michael, Christof Petig)</para></listitem>
6282 <listitem><para>Auto allocation for indicator variable arrays (int *ind_p=NULL)</para></listitem>
6283 <listitem><para>Auto allocation for string arrays (char **foo_pp=NULL)</para></listitem>
6284 <listitem><para>ECPGfree_auto_mem fixed</para></listitem>
6285 <listitem><para>All function names with external linkage are now prefixed by ECPG</para></listitem>
6286 <listitem><para>Fixes for arrays of structures (Michael)</para></listitem>
6291 <title>Misc. Interfaces</title>
6293 <listitem><para>Python fix fetchone() (Gerhard Haring)</para></listitem>
6294 <listitem><para>Use UTF, Unicode in Tcl where appropriate (Vsevolod Lobko, Reinhard Max)</para></listitem>
6295 <listitem><para>Add Tcl COPY TO/FROM (ljb)</para></listitem>
6296 <listitem><para>Prevent output of default index op class in <application>pg_dump</> (Tom)</para></listitem>
6297 <listitem><para>Fix libpgeasy memory leak (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6302 <title>Build and Install</title>
6304 <listitem><para>Configure, dynamic loader, and shared library fixes (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6305 <listitem><para>Fixes in QNX 4 port (Bernd Tegge)</para></listitem>
6306 <listitem><para>Fixes in Cygwin and Windows ports (Jason Tishler, Gerhard Haring, Dmitry Yurtaev, Darko Prenosil, Mikhail Terekhov)</para></listitem>
6307 <listitem><para>Fix for Windows socket communication failures (Magnus, Mikhail Terekhov)</para></listitem>
6308 <listitem><para>Hurd compile fix (Oliver Elphick)</para></listitem>
6309 <listitem><para>BeOS fixes (Cyril Velter)</para></listitem>
6310 <listitem><para>Remove configure --enable-unicode-conversion, now enabled by multibyte (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6311 <listitem><para>AIX fixes (Tatsuo, Andreas)</para></listitem>
6312 <listitem><para>Fix parallel make (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6313 <listitem><para>Install SQL language manual pages into OS-specific directories (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6314 <listitem><para>Rename config.h to pg_config.h (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6315 <listitem><para>Reorganize installation layout of header files (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6320 <title>Source Code</title>
6322 <listitem><para>Remove SEP_CHAR (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6323 <listitem><para>New GUC hooks (Tom)</para></listitem>
6324 <listitem><para>Merge GUC and command line handling (Marko Kreen)</para></listitem>
6325 <listitem><para>Remove EXTEND INDEX (Martijn van Oosterhout, Tom)</para></listitem>
6326 <listitem><para>New pgjindent utility to indent java code (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6327 <listitem><para>Remove define of true/false when compiling under C++ (Leandro Fanzone, Tom)</para></listitem>
6328 <listitem><para>pgindent fixes (Bruce, Tom)</para></listitem>
6329 <listitem><para>Replace strcasecmp() with strcmp() where appropriate (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6330 <listitem><para>Dynahash portability improvements (Tom)</para></listitem>
6331 <listitem><para>Add 'volatile' usage in spinlock structures</para></listitem>
6332 <listitem><para>Improve signal handling logic (Tom)</para></listitem>
6337 <title>Contrib</title>
6339 <listitem><para>New contrib/rtree_gist (Oleg Bartunov, Teodor Sigaev)</para></listitem>
6340 <listitem><para>New contrib/tsearch full-text indexing (Oleg, Teodor Sigaev)</para></listitem>
6341 <listitem><para>Add contrib/dblink for remote database access (Joe Conway)</para></listitem>
6342 <listitem><para>contrib/ora2pg Oracle conversion utility (Gilles Darold)</para></listitem>
6343 <listitem><para>contrib/xml XML conversion utility (John Gray)</para></listitem>
6344 <listitem><para>contrib/fulltextindex fixes (Christopher Kings-Lynne)</para></listitem>
6345 <listitem><para>New contrib/fuzzystrmatch with levenshtein and metaphone, soundex merged (Joe Conway)</para></listitem>
6346 <listitem><para>Add contrib/intarray boolean queries, binary search, fixes (Oleg Bartunov)</para></listitem>
6347 <listitem><para>New pg_upgrade utility (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6348 <listitem><para>Add new pg_resetxlog options (Bruce, Tom)</para></listitem>
6355 <sect1 id="release-7-1-3">
6356 <title>Release 7.1.3</title>
6359 <title>Release date</title>
6360 <simpara>2001-08-15</simpara>
6364 <title>Migration to version 7.1.3</title>
6367 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
6373 <title>Changes</title>
6377 Remove unused WAL segements of large transactions (Tom)
6378 Multiaction rule fix (Tom)
6379 PL/pgSQL memory allocation fix (Jan)
6380 VACUUM buffer fix (Tom)
6381 Regression test fixes (Tom)
6382 pg_dump fixes for GRANT/REVOKE/comments on views, user-defined types (Tom)
6383 Fix subselects with DISTINCT ON or LIMIT (Tom)
6385 Disable COPY TO/FROM a view (Tom)
6386 Cygwin build (Jason Tishler)
6393 <sect1 id="release-7-1-2">
6394 <title>Release 7.1.2</title>
6397 <title>Release date</title>
6398 <simpara>2001-05-11</simpara>
6402 This has one fix from 7.1.1.
6407 <title>Migration to version 7.1.2</title>
6410 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
6416 <title>Changes</title>
6420 Fix PL/pgSQL SELECTs when returning no rows
6421 Fix for psql backslash core dump
6422 Referential integrity privilege fix
6431 <sect1 id="release-7-1-1">
6432 <title>Release 7.1.1</title>
6435 <title>Release date</title>
6436 <simpara>2001-05-05</simpara>
6440 This has a variety of fixes from 7.1.
6445 <title>Migration to version 7.1.1</title>
6448 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
6454 <title>Changes</title>
6458 Fix for numeric MODULO operator (Tom)
6459 pg_dump fixes (Philip)
6460 pg_dump can dump 7.0 databases (Philip)
6461 readline 4.2 fixes (Peter E)
6463 AIX, MSWIN, VAX, N32K fixes (Tom)
6464 Multibytes fixes (Tom)
6465 Unicode fixes (Tatsuo)
6466 Optimizer improvements (Tom)
6467 Fix for whole rows in functions (Tom)
6468 Fix for pg_ctl and option strings with spaces (Peter E)
6469 ODBC fixes (Hiroshi)
6470 EXTRACT can now take string argument (Thomas)
6471 Python fixes (Darcy)
6478 <sect1 id="release-7-1">
6479 <title>Release 7.1</title>
6482 <title>Release date</title>
6483 <simpara>2001-04-13</simpara>
6487 This release focuses on removing limitations that have existed in the
6488 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> code for many years.
6492 Major changes in this release:
6497 Write-ahead Log (WAL)
6501 To maintain database consistency in case of an operating system crash,
6502 previous releases of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> have forced
6503 all data modifications to disk before each transaction commit. With
6504 WAL, only one log file must be flushed to disk, greatly improving
6505 performance. If you have been using -F in previous releases to
6506 disable disk flushes, you may want to consider discontinuing its use.
6517 TOAST - Previous releases had a compiled-in row length limit,
6518 typically 8k - 32k. This limit made storage of long text fields
6519 difficult. With TOAST, long rows of any length can be stored with good
6531 We now support outer joins. The UNION/NOT IN
6532 workaround for outer joins is no longer required. We use the SQL92
6544 The previous C function manager did not
6545 handle null values properly, nor did it support 64-bit <acronym>CPU</acronym>'s (Alpha). The new
6546 function manager does. You can continue using your old custom
6547 functions, but you may want to rewrite them in the future to use the new
6548 function manager call interface.
6559 A large number of complex queries that were
6560 unsupported in previous releases now work. Many combinations of views,
6561 aggregates, UNION, LIMIT, cursors, subqueries, and inherited tables
6562 now work properly. Inherited tables are now accessed by default.
6563 Subqueries in FROM are now supported.
6572 <title>Migration to version 7.1</title>
6575 A dump/restore using pg_dump is required for those wishing to migrate
6576 data from any previous release.
6581 <title>Changes</title>
6587 Many multibyte/Unicode/locale fixes (Tatsuo and others)
6588 More reliable ALTER TABLE RENAME (Tom)
6589 Kerberos V fixes (David Wragg)
6590 Fix for INSERT INTO...SELECT where targetlist has subqueries (Tom)
6591 Prompt username/password on standard error (Bruce)
6592 Large objects inv_read/inv_write fixes (Tom)
6593 Fixes for to_char(), to_date(), to_ascii(), and to_timestamp() (Karel,
6595 Prevent query expressions from leaking memory (Tom)
6596 Allow UPDATE of arrays elements (Tom)
6597 Wake up lock waiters during cancel (Hiroshi)
6598 Fix rare cursor crash when using hash join (Tom)
6599 Fix for DROP TABLE/INDEX in rolled-back transaction (Hiroshi)
6600 Fix psql crash from \l+ if MULTIBYTE enabled (Peter E)
6601 Fix truncation of rule names during CREATE VIEW (Ross Reedstrom)
6602 Fix PL/perl (Alex Kapranoff)
6603 Disallow LOCK on views (Mark Hollomon)
6604 Disallow INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE on views (Mark Hollomon)
6605 Disallow DROP RULE, CREATE INDEX, TRUNCATE on views (Mark Hollomon)
6606 Allow PL/pgSQL accept non-ASCII identifiers (Tatsuo)
6607 Allow views to proper handle GROUP BY, aggregates, DISTINCT (Tom)
6608 Fix rare failure with TRUNCATE command (Tom)
6609 Allow UNION/INTERSECT/EXCEPT to be used with ALL, subqueries, views,
6610 DISTINCT, ORDER BY, SELECT...INTO (Tom)
6611 Fix parser failures during aborted transactions (Tom)
6612 Allow temporary relations to properly clean up indexes (Bruce)
6613 Fix VACUUM problem with moving rows in same page (Tom)
6614 Modify pg_dump to better handle user-defined items in template1 (Philip)
6615 Allow LIMIT in VIEW (Tom)
6616 Require cursor FETCH to honor LIMIT (Tom)
6617 Allow PRIMARY/FOREIGN Key definitions on inherited columns (Stephan)
6618 Allow ORDER BY, LIMIT in subqueries (Tom)
6619 Allow UNION in CREATE RULE (Tom)
6620 Make ALTER/DROP TABLE rollback-able (Vadim, Tom)
6621 Store initdb collation in pg_control so collation cannot be changed (Tom)
6622 Fix INSERT...SELECT with rules (Tom)
6623 Fix FOR UPDATE inside views and subselects (Tom)
6624 Fix OVERLAPS operators conform to SQL92 spec regarding NULLs (Tom)
6625 Fix lpad() and rpad() to handle length less than input string (Tom)
6626 Fix use of NOTIFY in some rules (Tom)
6627 Overhaul btree code (Tom)
6628 Fix NOT NULL use in Pl/pgSQL variables (Tom)
6629 Overhaul GIST code (Oleg)
6630 Fix CLUSTER to preserve constraints and column default (Tom)
6631 Improved deadlock detection handling (Tom)
6632 Allow multiple SERIAL columns in a table (Tom)
6633 Prevent occasional index corruption (Vadim)
6637 Add OUTER JOINs (Tom)
6638 Function manager overhaul (Tom)
6639 Allow ALTER TABLE RENAME on indexes (Tom)
6640 Improve CLUSTER (Tom)
6641 Improve ps status display for more platforms (Peter E, Marc)
6642 Improve CREATE FUNCTION failure message (Ross)
6643 JDBC improvements (Peter, Travis Bauer, Christopher Cain, William Webber,
6645 Grand Unified Configuration scheme/GUC. Many options can now be set in
6646 data/postgresql.conf, postmaster/postgres flags, or SET commands (Peter E)
6647 Improved handling of file descriptor cache (Tom)
6648 New warning code about auto-created table alias entries (Bruce)
6649 Overhaul initdb process (Tom, Peter E)
6650 Overhaul of inherited tables; inherited tables now accessed by default;
6651 new ONLY key word prevents it (Chris Bitmead, Tom)
6652 ODBC cleanups/improvements (Nick Gorham, Stephan Szabo, Zoltan Kovacs,
6654 Allow renaming of temp tables (Tom)
6655 Overhaul memory manager contexts (Tom)
6656 pg_dumpall uses CREATE USER or CREATE GROUP rather using COPY (Peter E)
6657 Overhaul pg_dump (Philip Warner)
6658 Allow pg_hba.conf secondary password file to specify only username (Peter E)
6659 Allow TEMPORARY or TEMP key word when creating temporary tables (Bruce)
6660 New memory leak checker (Karel)
6661 New SET SESSION CHARACTERISTICS (Thomas)
6662 Allow nested block comments (Thomas)
6663 Add WITHOUT TIME ZONE type qualifier (Thomas)
6664 New ALTER TABLE ADD CONSTRAINT (Stephan)
6665 Use NUMERIC accumulators for INTEGER aggregates (Tom)
6666 Overhaul aggregate code (Tom)
6667 New VARIANCE and STDDEV() aggregates
6668 Improve dependency ordering of pg_dump (Philip)
6669 New pg_restore command (Philip)
6670 New pg_dump tar output option (Philip)
6671 New pg_dump of large objects (Philip)
6672 New ESCAPE option to LIKE (Thomas)
6673 New case-insensitive LIKE - ILIKE (Thomas)
6674 Allow functional indexes to use binary-compatible type (Tom)
6675 Allow SQL functions to be used in more contexts (Tom)
6676 New pg_config utility (Peter E)
6677 New PL/pgSQL EXECUTE command which allows dynamic SQL and utility statements
6679 New PL/pgSQL GET DIAGNOSTICS statement for SPI value access (Jan)
6680 New quote_identifiers() and quote_literal() functions (Jan)
6681 New ALTER TABLE table OWNER TO user command (Mark Hollomon)
6682 Allow subselects in FROM, i.e. FROM (SELECT ...) [AS] alias (Tom)
6683 Update PyGreSQL to version 3.1 (D'Arcy)
6684 Store tables as files named by OID (Vadim)
6685 New SQL function setval(seq,val,bool) for use in pg_dump (Philip)
6686 Require DROP VIEW to remove views, no DROP TABLE (Mark)
6687 Allow DROP VIEW view1, view2 (Mark)
6688 Allow multiple objects in DROP INDEX, DROP RULE, and DROP TYPE (Tom)
6689 Allow automatic conversion to/from Unicode (Tatsuo, Eiji)
6690 New /contrib/pgcrypto hashing functions (Marko Kreen)
6691 New pg_dumpall --globals-only option (Peter E)
6692 New CHECKPOINT command for WAL which creates new WAL log file (Vadim)
6693 New AT TIME ZONE syntax (Thomas)
6694 Allow location of Unix domain socket to be configurable (David J. MacKenzie)
6695 Allow postmaster to listen on a specific IP address (David J. MacKenzie)
6696 Allow socket path name to be specified in hostname by using leading slash
6697 (David J. MacKenzie)
6698 Allow CREATE DATABASE to specify template database (Tom)
6699 New utility to convert MySQL schema dumps to SQL92 and PostgreSQL (Thomas)
6700 New /contrib/rserv replication toolkit (Vadim)
6701 New file format for COPY BINARY (Tom)
6702 New /contrib/oid2name to map numeric files to table names (B Palmer)
6703 New "idle in transaction" ps status message (Marc)
6704 Update to pgaccess 0.98.7 (Constantin Teodorescu)
6705 pg_ctl now defaults to -w (wait) on shutdown, new -l (log) option
6706 Add rudimentary dependency checking to pg_dump (Philip)
6710 Fix INET/CIDR type ordering and add new functions (Tom)
6711 Make OID behave as an unsigned type (Tom)
6712 Allow BIGINT as synonym for INT8 (Peter E)
6713 New int2 and int8 comparison operators (Tom)
6714 New BIT and BIT VARYING types (Adriaan Joubert, Tom, Peter E)
6715 CHAR() no longer faster than VARCHAR() because of TOAST (Tom)
6716 New GIST seg/cube examples (Gene Selkov)
6717 Improved round(numeric) handling (Tom)
6718 Fix CIDR output formatting (Tom)
6719 New CIDR abbrev() function (Tom)
6723 Write-Ahead Log (WAL) to provide crash recovery with less performance
6725 ANALYZE stage of VACUUM no longer exclusively locks table (Bruce)
6726 Reduced file seeks (Denis Perchine)
6727 Improve BTREE code for duplicate keys (Tom)
6728 Store all large objects in a single table (Denis Perchine, Tom)
6729 Improve memory allocation performance (Karel, Tom)
6733 New function manager call conventions (Tom)
6734 SGI portability fixes (David Kaelbling)
6735 New configure --enable-syslog option (Peter E)
6736 New BSDI README (Bruce)
6737 configure script moved to top level, not /src (Peter E)
6738 Makefile/configuration/compilation overhaul (Peter E)
6739 New configure --with-python option (Peter E)
6740 Solaris cleanups (Peter E)
6741 Overhaul /contrib Makefiles (Karel)
6742 New OpenSSL configuration option (Magnus, Peter E)
6744 QNX fixes (Maurizio)
6745 New heap_open(), heap_openr() API (Tom)
6746 Remove colon and semi-colon operators (Thomas)
6747 New pg_class.relkind value for views (Mark Hollomon)
6748 Rename ichar() to chr() (Karel)
6749 New documentation for btrim(), ascii(), chr(), repeat() (Karel)
6750 Fixes for NT/Cygwin (Pete Forman)
6751 AIX port fixes (Andreas)
6752 New BeOS port (David Reid, Cyril Velter)
6753 Add proofreader's changes to docs (Addison-Wesley, Bruce)
6754 New Alpha spinlock code (Adriaan Joubert, Compaq)
6755 UnixWare port overhaul (Peter E)
6756 New Darwin/MacOS X port (Peter Bierman, Bruce Hartzler)
6757 New FreeBSD Alpha port (Alfred)
6758 Overhaul shared memory segments (Tom)
6759 Add IBM S/390 support (Neale Ferguson)
6760 Moved macmanuf to /contrib (Larry Rosenman)
6761 Syslog improvements (Larry Rosenman)
6762 New template0 database that contains no user additions (Tom)
6763 New /contrib/cube and /contrib/seg GIST sample code (Gene Selkov)
6764 Allow NetBSD's libedit instead of readline (Peter)
6765 Improved assembly language source code format (Bruce)
6766 New contrib/pg_logger
6767 New --template option to createdb
6768 New contrib/pg_control utility (Oliver)
6769 New FreeBSD tools ipc_check, start-scripts/freebsd
6776 <sect1 id="release-7-0-3">
6777 <title>Release 7.0.3</title>
6780 <title>Release date</title>
6781 <simpara>2000-11-11</simpara>
6785 This has a variety of fixes from 7.0.2.
6790 <title>Migration to version 7.0.3</title>
6793 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
6799 <title>Changes</title>
6804 Large object fix (Tom)
6805 Fix lean in COPY WITH OIDS leak (Tom)
6806 Fix backwards-index-scan (Tom)
6807 Fix SELECT ... FOR UPDATE so it checks for duplicate keys (Hiroshi)
6808 Add --enable-syslog to configure (Marc)
6809 Fix abort transaction at backend exit in rare cases (Tom)
6810 Fix for psql \l+ when multibyte enabled (Tatsuo)
6811 Allow PL/pgSQL to accept non ascii identifiers (Tatsuo)
6812 Make vacuum always flush buffers (Tom)
6813 Fix to allow cancel while waiting for a lock (Hiroshi)
6814 Fix for memory aloocation problem in user authentication code (Tom)
6815 Remove bogus use of int4out() (Tom)
6816 Fixes for multiple subqueries in COALESCE or BETWEEN (Tom)
6817 Fix for failure of triggers on heap open in certain cases (Jeroen van
6819 Fix for erroneous selectivity of not-equals (Tom)
6820 Fix for erroneous use of strcmp() (Tom)
6821 Fix for bug where storage manager accesses items beyond end of file
6823 Fix to include kernel errno message in all smgr elog messages (Tom)
6824 Fix for '.' not in PATH at build time (SL Baur)
6825 Fix for out-of-file-descriptors error (Tom)
6826 Fix to make pg_dump dump 'iscachable' flag for functions (Tom)
6827 Fix for subselect in targetlist of Append node (Tom)
6828 Fix for mergejoin plans (Tom)
6829 Fix TRUNCATE failure on relations with indexes (Tom)
6830 Avoid database-wide restart on write error (Hiroshi)
6831 Fix nodeMaterial to honor chgParam by recomputing its output (Tom)
6832 Fix VACUUM problem with moving chain of update row versions when source
6833 and destination of a row version lie on the same page (Tom)
6834 Fix user.c CommandCounterIncrement (Tom)
6835 Fix for AM/PM boundary problem in to_char() (Karel Zak)
6836 Fix TIME aggregate handling (Tom)
6837 Fix to_char() to avoid coredump on NULL input (Tom)
6839 Fix for inserting/copying longer multibyte strings into char() data
6841 Fix for crash of backend, on abort (Tom)
6848 <sect1 id="release-7-0-2">
6849 <title>Release 7.0.2</title>
6852 <title>Release date</title>
6853 <simpara>2000-06-05</simpara>
6857 This is a repackaging of 7.0.1 with added documentation.
6862 <title>Migration to version 7.0.2</title>
6865 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
6871 <title>Changes</title>
6875 Added documentation to tarball.
6882 <sect1 id="release-7-0-1">
6883 <title>Release 7.0.1</title>
6886 <title>Release date</title>
6887 <simpara>2000-06-01</simpara>
6891 This is a cleanup release for 7.0.
6895 <title>Migration to version 7.0.1</title>
6898 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
6904 <title>Changes</title>
6908 Fix many CLUSTER failures (Tom)
6909 Allow ALTER TABLE RENAME works on indexes (Tom)
6910 Fix plpgsql to handle datetime->timestamp and timespan->interval (Bruce)
6911 New configure --with-setproctitle switch to use setproctitle() (Marc, Bruce)
6912 Fix the off by one errors in ResultSet from 6.5.3, and more.
6913 jdbc ResultSet fixes (Joseph Shraibman)
6914 optimizer tunings (Tom)
6915 Fix create user for pgaccess
6916 Fix for UNLISTEN failure
6917 IRIX fixes (David Kaelbling)
6918 QNX fixes (Andreas Kardos)
6919 Reduce COPY IN lock level (Tom)
6920 Change libpqeasy to use PQconnectdb() style parameters (Bruce)
6921 Fix pg_dump to handle OID indexes (Tom)
6922 Fix small memory leak (Tom)
6923 Solaris fix for createdb/dropdb (Tatsuo)
6924 Fix for non-blocking connections (Alfred Perlstein)
6925 Fix improper recovery after RENAME TABLE failures (Tom)
6926 Copy pg_ident.conf.sample into /lib directory in install (Bruce)
6927 Add SJIS UDC (NEC selection IBM kanji) support (Eiji Tokuya)
6928 Fix too long syslog message (Tatsuo)
6929 Fix problem with quoted indexes that are too long (Tom)
6930 JDBC ResultSet.getTimestamp() fix (Gregory Krasnow & Floyd Marinescu)
6931 ecpg changes (Michael)
6937 <sect1 id="release-7-0">
6938 <title>Release 7.0</title>
6941 <title>Release date</title>
6942 <simpara>2000-05-08</simpara>
6946 This release contains improvements in many areas, demonstrating
6947 the continued growth of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
6948 There are more improvements and fixes in 7.0 than in any previous
6949 release. The developers have confidence that this is the best
6950 release yet; we do our best to put out only solid releases, and
6951 this one is no exception.
6955 Major changes in this release:
6964 Foreign keys are now implemented, with the exception of PARTIAL MATCH
6965 foreign keys. Many users have been asking for this feature, and we are
6966 pleased to offer it.
6977 Continuing on work started a year ago, the optimizer has been
6978 improved, allowing better query plan selection and faster performance
6979 with less memory usage.
6986 Updated <application>psql</application>
6990 <application>psql</application>, our interactive terminal monitor, has been
6991 updated with a variety of new features. See the <application>psql</application> manual page for details.
7002 SQL92 join syntax is now supported, though only as
7003 <literal>INNER JOIN</> for this release. <literal>JOIN</>,
7004 <literal>NATURAL JOIN</>, <literal>JOIN</>/<literal>USING</>,
7005 and <literal>JOIN</>/<literal>ON</> are available, as are
7006 column correlation names.
7014 <title>Migration to version 7.0</title>
7017 A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application>
7018 is required for those wishing to migrate data from any
7019 previous release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
7020 For those upgrading from 6.5.*, you may instead use
7021 <application>pg_upgrade</application> to upgrade to this
7022 release; however, a full dump/reload installation is always the
7023 most robust method for upgrades.
7027 Interface and compatibility issues to consider for the new
7033 The date/time types <type>datetime</type> and
7034 <type>timespan</type> have been superseded by the
7035 SQL92-defined types <type>timestamp</type> and
7036 <type>interval</type>. Although there has been some effort to
7037 ease the transition by allowing
7038 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> to recognize
7039 the deprecated type names and translate them to the new type
7040 names, this mechanism may not be completely transparent to
7041 your existing application.
7047 The optimizer has been substantially improved in the area of
7048 query cost estimation. In some cases, this will result in
7049 decreased query times as the optimizer makes a better choice
7050 for the preferred plan. However, in a small number of cases,
7051 usually involving pathological distributions of data, your
7052 query times may go up. If you are dealing with large amounts
7053 of data, you may want to check your queries to verify
7060 The <acronym>JDBC</acronym> and <acronym>ODBC</acronym>
7061 interfaces have been upgraded and extended.
7067 The string function <function>CHAR_LENGTH</function> is now a
7068 native function. Previous versions translated this into a call
7069 to <function>LENGTH</function>, which could result in
7070 ambiguity with other types implementing
7071 <function>LENGTH</function> such as the geometric types.
7080 <title>Changes</title>
7086 Prevent function calls exceeding maximum number of arguments (Tom)
7087 Improve CASE construct (Tom)
7088 Fix SELECT coalesce(f1,0) FROM int4_tbl GROUP BY f1 (Tom)
7089 Fix SELECT sentence.words[0] FROM sentence GROUP BY sentence.words[0] (Tom)
7090 Fix GROUP BY scan bug (Tom)
7091 Improvements in SQL grammar processing (Tom)
7092 Fix for views involved in INSERT ... SELECT ... (Tom)
7093 Fix for SELECT a/2, a/2 FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY a/2 (Tom)
7094 Fix for subselects in INSERT ... SELECT (Tom)
7095 Prevent INSERT ... SELECT ... ORDER BY (Tom)
7096 Fixes for relations greater than 2GB, including vacuum
7097 Improve propagating system table changes to other backends (Tom)
7098 Improve propagating user table changes to other backends (Tom)
7099 Fix handling of temp tables in complex situations (Bruce, Tom)
7100 Allow table locking at table open, improving concurrent reliability (Tom)
7101 Properly quote sequence names in pg_dump (Ross J. Reedstrom)
7102 Prevent DROP DATABASE while others accessing
7103 Prevent any rows from being returned by GROUP BY if no rows processed (Tom)
7104 Fix SELECT COUNT(1) FROM table WHERE ...' if no rows matching WHERE (Tom)
7105 Fix pg_upgrade so it works for MVCC (Tom)
7106 Fix for SELECT ... WHERE x IN (SELECT ... HAVING SUM(x) > 1) (Tom)
7107 Fix for "f1 datetime DEFAULT 'now'" (Tom)
7108 Fix problems with CURRENT_DATE used in DEFAULT (Tom)
7109 Allow comment-only lines, and ;;; lines too. (Tom)
7110 Improve recovery after failed disk writes, disk full (Hiroshi)
7111 Fix cases where table is mentioned in FROM but not joined (Tom)
7112 Allow HAVING clause without aggregate functions (Tom)
7113 Fix for "--" comment and no trailing newline, as seen in perl interface
7114 Improve pg_dump failure error reports (Bruce)
7115 Allow sorts and hashes to exceed 2GB file sizes (Tom)
7116 Fix for pg_dump dumping of inherited rules (Tom)
7117 Fix for NULL handling comparisons (Tom)
7118 Fix inconsistent state caused by failed CREATE/DROP commands (Hiroshi)
7119 Fix for dbname with dash
7120 Prevent DROP INDEX from interfering with other backends (Tom)
7121 Fix file descriptor leak in verify_password()
7122 Fix for "Unable to identify an operator =$" problem
7123 Fix ODBC so no segfault if CommLog and Debug enabled (Dirk Niggemann)
7124 Fix for recursive exit call (Massimo)
7125 Fix for extra-long timezones (Jeroen van Vianen)
7126 Make pg_dump preserve primary key information (Peter E)
7127 Prevent databases with single quotes (Peter E)
7128 Prevent DROP DATABASE inside transaction (Peter E)
7129 ecpg memory leak fixes (Stephen Birch)
7130 Fix for SELECT null::text, SELECT int4fac(null) and SELECT 2 + (null) (Tom)
7131 Y2K timestamp fix (Massimo)
7132 Fix for VACUUM 'HEAP_MOVED_IN was not expected' errors (Tom)
7133 Fix for views with tables/columns containing spaces (Tom)
7134 Prevent privileges on indexes (Peter E)
7135 Fix for spinlock stuck problem when error is generated (Hiroshi)
7136 Fix ipcclean on Linux
7137 Fix handling of NULL constraint conditions (Tom)
7138 Fix memory leak in odbc driver (Nick Gorham)
7139 Fix for privilege check on UNION tables (Tom)
7140 Fix to allow SELECT 'a' LIKE 'a' (Tom)
7141 Fix for SELECT 1 + NULL (Tom)
7143 Fix log() on numeric type (Tom)
7144 Deprecate ':' and ';' operators
7145 Allow vacuum of temporary tables
7146 Disallow inherited columns with the same name as new columns
7147 Recover or force failure when disk space is exhausted (Hiroshi)
7148 Fix INSERT INTO ... SELECT with AS columns matching result columns
7149 Fix INSERT ... SELECT ... GROUP BY groups by target columns not source columns (Tom)
7150 Fix CREATE TABLE test (a char(5) DEFAULT text '', b int4) with INSERT (Tom)
7151 Fix UNION with LIMIT
7152 Fix CREATE TABLE x AS SELECT 1 UNION SELECT 2
7153 Fix CREATE TABLE test(col char(2) DEFAULT user)
7154 Fix mismatched types in CREATE TABLE ... DEFAULT
7155 Fix SELECT * FROM pg_class where oid in (0,-1)
7156 Fix SELECT COUNT('asdf') FROM pg_class WHERE oid=12
7157 Prevent user who can create databases can modifying pg_database table (Peter E)
7158 Fix btree to give a useful elog when key > 1/2 (page - overhead) (Tom)
7159 Fix INSERT of 0.0 into DECIMAL(4,4) field (Tom)
7163 New CLI interface include file sqlcli.h, based on SQL3/SQL98
7164 Remove all limits on query length, row length limit still exists (Tom)
7165 Update jdbc protocol to 2.0 (Jens Glaser <email>jens@jens.de</email>)
7166 Add TRUNCATE command to quickly truncate relation (Mike Mascari)
7167 Fix to give super user and createdb user proper update catalog rights (Peter E)
7168 Allow ecpg bool variables to have NULL values (Christof)
7169 Issue ecpg error if NULL value for variable with no NULL indicator (Christof)
7170 Allow ^C to cancel COPY command (Massimo)
7171 Add SET FSYNC and SHOW PG_OPTIONS commands(Massimo)
7172 Function name overloading for dynamically-loaded C functions (Frankpitt)
7173 Add CmdTuples() to libpq++(Vince)
7174 New CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER and SET CONSTRAINTS commands(Jan)
7175 Allow CREATE FUNCTION/WITH clause to be used for all language types
7176 configure --enable-debug adds -g (Peter E)
7177 configure --disable-debug removes -g (Peter E)
7178 Allow more complex default expressions (Tom)
7179 First real FOREIGN KEY constraint trigger functionality (Jan)
7180 Add FOREIGN KEY ... MATCH FULL ... ON DELETE CASCADE (Jan)
7181 Add FOREIGN KEY ... MATCH <unspecified> referential actions (Don Baccus)
7182 Allow WHERE restriction on ctid (physical heap location) (Hiroshi)
7183 Move pginterface from contrib to interface directory, rename to pgeasy (Bruce)
7184 Change pgeasy connectdb() parameter ordering (Bruce)
7185 Require SELECT DISTINCT target list to have all ORDER BY columns (Tom)
7186 Add Oracle's COMMENT ON command (Mike Mascari <email>mascarim@yahoo.com</email>)
7187 libpq's PQsetNoticeProcessor function now returns previous hook(Peter E)
7188 Prevent PQsetNoticeProcessor from being set to NULL (Peter E)
7189 Make USING in COPY optional (Bruce)
7190 Allow subselects in the target list (Tom)
7191 Allow subselects on the left side of comparison operators (Tom)
7192 New parallel regression test (Jan)
7193 Change backend-side COPY to write files with permissions 644 not 666 (Tom)
7194 Force permissions on PGDATA directory to be secure, even if it exists (Tom)
7195 Added psql LASTOID variable to return last inserted oid (Peter E)
7196 Allow concurrent vacuum and remove pg_vlock vacuum lock file (Tom)
7197 Add privilege check for vacuum (Peter E)
7198 New libpq functions to allow asynchronous connections: PQconnectStart(),
7199 PQconnectPoll(), PQresetStart(), PQresetPoll(), PQsetenvStart(),
7200 PQsetenvPoll(), PQsetenvAbort (Ewan Mellor)
7201 New libpq PQsetenv() function (Ewan Mellor)
7202 create/alter user extension (Peter E)
7203 New postmaster.pid and postmaster.opts under $PGDATA (Tatsuo)
7204 New scripts for create/drop user/db (Peter E)
7205 Major psql overhaul (Peter E)
7206 Add const to libpq interface (Peter E)
7207 New libpq function PQoidValue (Peter E)
7208 Show specific non-aggregate causing problem with GROUP BY (Tom)
7209 Make changes to pg_shadow recreate pg_pwd file (Peter E)
7210 Add aggregate(DISTINCT ...) (Tom)
7211 Allow flag to control COPY input/output of NULLs (Peter E)
7212 Make postgres user have a password by default (Peter E)
7213 Add CREATE/ALTER/DROP GROUP (Peter E)
7214 All administration scripts now support --long options (Peter E, Karel)
7215 Vacuumdb script now supports --all option (Peter E)
7216 ecpg new portable FETCH syntax
7217 Add ecpg EXEC SQL IFDEF, EXEC SQL IFNDEF, EXEC SQL ELSE, EXEC SQL ELIF
7218 and EXEC SQL ENDIF directives
7219 Add pg_ctl script to control backend start-up (Tatsuo)
7220 Add postmaster.opts.default file to store start-up flags (Tatsuo)
7221 Allow --with-mb=SQL_ASCII
7222 Increase maximum number of index keys to 16 (Bruce)
7223 Increase maximum number of function arguments to 16 (Bruce)
7224 Allow configuration of maximum number of index keys and arguments (Bruce)
7225 Allow unprivileged users to change their passwords (Peter E)
7226 Password authentication enabled; required for new users (Peter E)
7227 Disallow dropping a user who owns a database (Peter E)
7228 Change initdb option --with-mb to --enable-multibyte
7229 Add option for initdb to prompts for superuser password (Peter E)
7230 Allow complex type casts like col::numeric(9,2) and col::int2::float8 (Tom)
7231 Updated user interfaces on initdb, initlocation, pg_dump, ipcclean (Peter E)
7232 New pg_char_to_encoding() and pg_encoding_to_char() functions (Tatsuo)
7233 libpq non-blocking mode (Alfred Perlstein)
7234 Improve conversion of types in casts that don't specify a length
7235 New plperl internal programming language (Mark Hollomon)
7236 Allow COPY IN to read file that do not end with a newline (Tom)
7237 Indicate when long identifiers are truncated (Tom)
7238 Allow aggregates to use type equivalency (Peter E)
7239 Add Oracle's to_char(), to_date(), to_datetime(), to_timestamp(), to_number()
7240 conversion functions (Karel Zak <zakkr@zf.jcu.cz>)
7241 Add SELECT DISTINCT ON (expr [, expr ...]) targetlist ... (Tom)
7242 Check to be sure ORDER BY is compatible with the DISTINCT operation (Tom)
7243 Add NUMERIC and int8 types to ODBC
7244 Improve EXPLAIN results for Append, Group, Agg, Unique (Tom)
7245 Add ALTER TABLE ... ADD FOREIGN KEY (Stephan Szabo)
7246 Allow SELECT .. FOR UPDATE in PL/pgSQL (Hiroshi)
7247 Enable backward sequential scan even after reaching EOF (Hiroshi)
7248 Add btree indexing of boolean values, >= and <= (Don Baccus)
7249 Print current line number when COPY FROM fails (Massimo)
7250 Recognize POSIX time zone e.g. "PST+8" and "GMT-8" (Thomas)
7251 Add DEC as synonym for DECIMAL (Thomas)
7252 Add SESSION_USER as SQL92 key word, same as CURRENT_USER (Thomas)
7253 Implement SQL92 column aliases (aka correlation names) (Thomas)
7254 Implement SQL92 join syntax (Thomas)
7255 Make INTERVAL reserved word allowed as a column identifier (Thomas)
7256 Implement REINDEX command (Hiroshi)
7257 Accept ALL in aggregate function SUM(ALL col) (Tom)
7258 Prevent GROUP BY from using column aliases (Tom)
7259 New psql \encoding option (Tatsuo)
7260 Allow PQrequestCancel() to terminate when in waiting-for-lock state (Hiroshi)
7261 Allow negation of a negative number in all cases
7262 Add ecpg descriptors (Christof, Michael)
7263 Allow CREATE VIEW v AS SELECT f1::char(8) FROM tbl
7264 Allow casts with length, like foo::char(8)
7265 New libpq functions PQsetClientEncoding(), PQclientEncoding() (Tatsuo)
7266 Add support for SJIS user defined characters (Tatsuo)
7267 Larger views/rules supported
7268 Make libpq's PQconndefaults() thread-safe (Tom)
7269 Disable // as comment to be ANSI conforming, should use -- (Tom)
7270 Allow column aliases on views CREATE VIEW name (collist)
7271 Fixes for views with subqueries (Tom)
7272 Allow UPDATE table SET fld = (SELECT ...) (Tom)
7273 SET command options no longer require quotes
7274 Update pgaccess to 0.98.6
7275 New SET SEED command
7276 New pg_options.sample file
7277 New SET FSYNC command (Massimo)
7278 Allow pg_descriptions when creating tables
7279 Allow pg_descriptions when creating types, columns, and functions
7280 Allow psql \copy to allow delimiters (Peter E)
7281 Allow psql to print nulls as distinct from "" [null] (Peter E)
7285 Many array fixes (Tom)
7286 Allow bare column names to be subscripted as arrays (Tom)
7287 Improve type casting of int and float constants (Tom)
7288 Cleanups for int8 inputs, range checking, and type conversion (Tom)
7289 Fix for SELECT timespan('21:11:26'::time) (Tom)
7290 netmask('x.x.x.x/0') is 255.255.255.255 instead of 0.0.0.0 (Oleg Sharoiko)
7291 Add btree index on NUMERIC (Jan)
7292 Perl fix for large objects containing NUL characters (Douglas Thomson)
7293 ODBC fix for for large objects (free)
7294 Fix indexing of cidr data type
7295 Fix for Ethernet MAC addresses (macaddr type) comparisons
7296 Fix for date/time types when overflows happened in computations (Tom)
7297 Allow array on int8 (Peter E)
7298 Fix for rounding/overflow of NUMERIC type, like NUMERIC(4,4) (Tom)
7299 Allow NUMERIC arrays
7300 Fix bugs in NUMERIC ceil() and floor() functions (Tom)
7301 Make char_length()/octet_length including trailing blanks (Tom)
7302 Made abstime/reltime use int4 instead of time_t (Peter E)
7303 New lztext data type for compressed text fields
7304 Revise code to handle coercion of int and float constants (Tom)
7305 Start at new code to implement a BIT and BIT VARYING type (Adriaan Joubert)
7306 NUMERIC now accepts scientific notation (Tom)
7307 NUMERIC to int4 rounds (Tom)
7308 Convert float4/8 to NUMERIC properly (Tom)
7309 Allow type conversion with NUMERIC (Thomas)
7310 Make ISO date style (2000-02-16 09:33) the default (Thomas)
7311 Add NATIONAL CHAR [ VARYING ] (Thomas)
7312 Allow NUMERIC round and trunc to accept negative scales (Tom)
7313 New TIME WITH TIME ZONE type (Thomas)
7314 Add MAX()/MIN() on time type (Thomas)
7315 Add abs(), mod(), fac() for int8 (Thomas)
7316 Rename functions to round(), sqrt(), cbrt(), pow() for float8 (Thomas)
7317 Add transcendental math functions (e.g. sin(), acos()) for float8 (Thomas)
7318 Add exp() and ln() for NUMERIC type
7319 Rename NUMERIC power() to pow() (Thomas)
7320 Improved TRANSLATE() function (Edwin Ramirez, Tom)
7321 Allow X=-Y operators (Tom)
7322 Allow SELECT float8(COUNT(*))/(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM t) FROM t GROUP BY f1; (Tom)
7323 Allow LOCALE to use indexes in regular expression searches (Tom)
7324 Allow creation of functional indexes to use default types
7328 Prevent exponential space consumption with many AND's and OR's (Tom)
7329 Collect attribute selectivity values for system columns (Tom)
7330 Reduce memory usage of aggregates (Tom)
7331 Fix for LIKE optimization to use indexes with multibyte encodings (Tom)
7332 Fix r-tree index optimizer selectivity (Thomas)
7333 Improve optimizer selectivity computations and functions (Tom)
7334 Optimize btree searching for cases where many equal keys exist (Tom)
7335 Enable fast LIKE index processing only if index present (Tom)
7336 Re-use free space on index pages with duplicates (Tom)
7337 Improve hash join processing (Tom)
7338 Prevent descending sort if result is already sorted(Hiroshi)
7339 Allow commuting of index scan query qualifications (Tom)
7340 Prefer index scans in cases where ORDER BY/GROUP BY is required (Tom)
7341 Allocate large memory requests in fix-sized chunks for performance (Tom)
7342 Fix vacuum's performance by reducing memory allocation requests (Tom)
7343 Implement constant-expression simplification (Bernard Frankpitt, Tom)
7344 Use secondary columns to be used to determine start of index scan (Hiroshi)
7345 Prevent quadruple use of disk space when doing internal sorting (Tom)
7346 Faster sorting by calling fewer functions (Tom)
7347 Create system indexes to match all system caches (Bruce, Hiroshi)
7348 Make system caches use system indexes (Bruce)
7349 Make all system indexes unique (Bruce)
7350 Improve pg_statistics management for VACUUM speed improvement (Tom)
7351 Flush backend cache less frequently (Tom, Hiroshi)
7352 COPY now reuses previous memory allocation, improving performance (Tom)
7353 Improve optimization cost estimation (Tom)
7354 Improve optimizer estimate of range queries x > lowbound AND x < highbound (Tom)
7355 Use DNF instead of CNF where appropriate (Tom, Taral)
7356 Further cleanup for OR-of-AND WHERE-clauses (Tom)
7357 Make use of index in OR clauses (x = 1 AND y = 2) OR (x = 2 AND y = 4) (Tom)
7358 Smarter optimizer computations for random index page access (Tom)
7359 New SET variable to control optimizer costs (Tom)
7360 Optimizer queries based on LIMIT, OFFSET, and EXISTS qualifications (Tom)
7361 Reduce optimizer internal housekeeping of join paths for speedup (Tom)
7362 Major subquery speedup (Tom)
7363 Fewer fsync writes when fsync is not disabled (Tom)
7364 Improved LIKE optimizer estimates (Tom)
7365 Prevent fsync in SELECT-only queries (Vadim)
7366 Make index creation use psort code, because it is now faster (Tom)
7367 Allow creation of sort temp tables > 1 Gig
7371 Fix for linux PPC compile
7372 New generic expression-tree-walker subroutine (Tom)
7373 Change form() to varargform() to prevent portability problems
7374 Improved range checking for large integers on Alphas
7375 Clean up #include in /include directory (Bruce)
7376 Add scripts for checking includes (Bruce)
7377 Remove un-needed #include's from *.c files (Bruce)
7378 Change #include's to use <> and "" as appropriate (Bruce)
7379 Enable Windows compilation of libpq
7380 Alpha spinlock fix from Uncle George <email>gatgul@voicenet.com</email>
7381 Overhaul of optimizer data structures (Tom)
7382 Fix to cygipc library (Yutaka Tanida)
7383 Allow pgsql to work on newer Cygwin snapshots (Dan)
7384 New catalog version number (Tom)
7386 Rename heap_replace to heap_update
7387 Update for QNX (Dr. Andreas Kardos)
7388 New platform-specific regression handling (Tom)
7389 Rename oid8 -> oidvector and int28 -> int2vector (Bruce)
7390 Included all yacc and lex files into the distribution (Peter E.)
7391 Remove lextest, no longer needed (Peter E)
7392 Fix for libpq and psql on Windows (Magnus)
7393 Internally change datetime and timespan into timestamp and interval (Thomas)
7394 Fix for plpgsql on BSD/OS
7395 Add SQL_ASCII test case to the regression test (Tatsuo)
7396 configure --with-mb now deprecated (Tatsuo)
7398 NetBSD fixes (Johnny C. Lam <email>lamj@stat.cmu.edu</email>)
7399 Fixes for Alpha compiles
7400 New multibyte encodings
7406 <sect1 id="release-6-5-3">
7407 <title>Release 6.5.3</title>
7410 <title>Release date</title>
7411 <simpara>1999-10-13</simpara>
7415 This is basically a cleanup release for 6.5.2. We have added a new
7416 <application>PgAccess</> that was missing in 6.5.2, and installed an NT-specific fix.
7421 <title>Migration to version 6.5.3</title>
7424 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
7429 <title>Changes</title>
7433 Updated version of pgaccess 0.98
7435 Fix dumping rules on inherited tables
7442 <sect1 id="release-6-5-2">
7443 <title>Release 6.5.2</title>
7446 <title>Release date</title>
7447 <simpara>1999-09-15</simpara>
7451 This is basically a cleanup release for 6.5.1. We have fixed a variety of
7452 problems reported by 6.5.1 users.
7457 <title>Migration to version 6.5.2</title>
7460 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
7466 <title>Changes</title>
7470 subselect+CASE fixes(Tom)
7471 Add SHLIB_LINK setting for solaris_i386 and solaris_sparc ports(Daren Sefcik)
7472 Fixes for CASE in WHERE join clauses(Tom)
7473 Fix BTScan abort(Tom)
7474 Repair the check for redundant UNIQUE and PRIMARY KEY indexes(Thomas)
7475 Improve it so that it checks for multicolumn constraints(Thomas)
7476 Fix for Windows making problem with MB enabled(Hiroki Kataoka)
7477 Allow BSD yacc and bison to compile pl code(Bruce)
7478 Fix SET NAMES working
7480 Fix vacuum's memory consumption(Hiroshi,Tatsuo)
7481 Reduce the total memory consumption of vacuum(Tom)
7482 Fix for timestamp(datetime)
7483 Rule deparsing bugfixes(Tom)
7484 Fix quoting problems in mkMakefile.tcldefs.sh.in and mkMakefile.tkdefs.sh.in(Tom)
7485 This is to re-use space on index pages freed by vacuum(Vadim)
7486 document -x for pg_dump(Bruce)
7487 Fix for unary operators in rule deparser(Tom)
7488 Comment out FileUnlink of excess segments during mdtruncate()(Tom)
7489 IRIX linking fix from Yu Cao >yucao@falcon.kla-tencor.com<
7490 Repair logic error in LIKE: should not return LIKE_ABORT
7491 when reach end of pattern before end of text(Tom)
7492 Repair incorrect cleanup of heap memory allocation during transaction abort(Tom)
7493 Updated version of pgaccess 0.98
7499 <sect1 id="release-6-5-1">
7500 <title>Release 6.5.1</title>
7503 <title>Release date</title>
7504 <simpara>1999-07-15</simpara>
7508 This is basically a cleanup release for 6.5. We have fixed a variety of
7509 problems reported by 6.5 users.
7513 <title>Migration to version 6.5.1</title>
7516 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
7522 <title>Changes</title>
7527 Portability fixes for linux_ppc, IRIX, linux_alpha, OpenBSD, alpha
7528 Remove QUERY_LIMIT, use SELECT...LIMIT
7529 Fix for EXPLAIN on inheritance(Tom)
7530 Patch to allow vacuum on multisegment tables(Hiroshi)
7531 R-Tree optimizer selectivity fix(Tom)
7532 ACL file descriptor leak fix(Atsushi Ogawa)
7533 New expresssion subtree code(Tom)
7534 Avoid disk writes for read-only transactions(Vadim)
7535 Fix for removal of temp tables if last transaction was aborted(Bruce)
7536 Fix to prevent too large row from being created(Bruce)
7538 Allow port numbers 32k - 64k(Bruce)
7539 Add ^ precidence(Bruce)
7540 Rename sort files called pg_temp to pg_sorttemp(Bruce)
7541 Fix for microseconds in time values(Tom)
7542 Tutorial source cleanup
7544 Fix for sorting of NULL's in some cases(Tom)
7545 Shared library dependencies fixed (Tom)
7546 Fixed glitches affecting GROUP BY in subselects(Tom)
7547 Fix some compiler warnings (Tomoaki Nishiyama)
7548 Add Win1250 (Czech) support (Pavel Behal)
7554 <sect1 id="release-6-5">
7555 <title>Release 6.5</title>
7558 <title>Release date</title>
7559 <simpara>1999-06-09</simpara>
7563 This release marks a major step in the development team's mastery of the source
7564 code we inherited from Berkeley. You will see we are now easily adding
7565 major features, thanks to the increasing size and experience of our
7566 world-wide development team.
7570 Here is a brief summary of the more notable changes:
7575 Multiversion concurrency control(MVCC)
7579 This removes our old table-level locking, and replaces it with
7580 a locking system that is superior to most commercial database
7581 systems. In a traditional system, each row that is modified
7582 is locked until committed, preventing reads by other users.
7583 MVCC uses the natural multiversion nature of
7584 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> to allow readers to
7585 continue reading consistent data during writer activity.
7586 Writers continue to use the compact pg_log transaction system.
7587 This is all performed without having to allocate a lock for
7588 every row like traditional database systems. So, basically,
7589 we no longer are restricted by simple table-level locking; we
7590 have something better than row-level locking.
7597 Hot backups from <application>pg_dump</application>
7601 <application>pg_dump</application> takes advantage of the new
7602 MVCC features to give a consistent database dump/backup while
7603 the database stays online and available for queries.
7614 We now have a true numeric data type, with
7615 user-specified precision.
7626 Temporary tables are guaranteed to have unique names
7627 within a database session, and are destroyed on session exit.
7638 We now have CASE, INTERSECT, and EXCEPT statement
7639 support. We have new LIMIT/OFFSET, SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL,
7640 SELECT ... FOR UPDATE, and an improved LOCK TABLE command.
7651 We continue to speed up <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>,
7652 thanks to the variety of talents within our team. We have
7653 sped up memory allocation, optimization, table joins, and row
7665 We continue to expand our port list, this time including
7666 <systemitem class="osname">Windows NT</>/<systemitem>ix86</> and <systemitem class="osname">NetBSD</>/<systemitem>arm32</>.
7677 Most interfaces have new versions, and existing functionality
7689 New and updated material is present throughout the
7690 documentation. New <acronym>FAQ</acronym>s have been
7691 contributed for <systemitem class="osname">SGI</> and <systemitem class="osname">AIX</> platforms.
7692 The <citetitle>Tutorial</citetitle> has introductory information
7693 on <acronym>SQL</acronym> from Stefan Simkovics.
7694 For the <citetitle>User's Guide</citetitle>, there are
7695 reference pages covering the postmaster and more utility
7696 programs, and a new appendix
7697 contains details on date/time behavior.
7698 The <citetitle>Administrator's Guide</citetitle> has a new
7699 chapter on troubleshooting from Tom Lane.
7700 And the <citetitle>Programmer's Guide</citetitle> has a
7701 description of query processing, also from Stefan, and details
7702 on obtaining the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> source
7703 tree via anonymous <productname>CVS</productname> and
7704 <productname>CVSup</productname>.
7712 <title>Migration to version 6.5</title>
7715 A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application>
7716 is required for those wishing to migrate data from any
7717 previous release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
7718 <application>pg_upgrade</application> can <emphasis>not</emphasis>
7719 be used to upgrade to this release because the on-disk structure
7720 of the tables has changed compared to previous releases.
7724 The new Multiversion Concurrency Control (MVCC) features can
7725 give somewhat different behaviors in multiuser
7726 environments. <emphasis>Read and understand the following section
7727 to ensure that your existing applications will give you the
7728 behavior you need.</emphasis>
7732 <title>Multiversion Concurrency Control</title>
7735 Because readers in 6.5 don't lock data, regardless of transaction
7736 isolation level, data read by one transaction can be overwritten by
7737 another. In other words, if a row is returned by
7738 <command>SELECT</command> it doesn't mean that this row really exists
7739 at the time it is returned (i.e. sometime after the statement or
7740 transaction began) nor that the row is protected from being deleted or
7741 updated by concurrent transactions before the current transaction does
7742 a commit or rollback.
7746 To ensure the actual existence of a row and protect it against
7747 concurrent updates one must use <command>SELECT FOR UPDATE</command> or
7748 an appropriate <command>LOCK TABLE</command> statement. This should be
7749 taken into account when porting applications from previous releases of
7750 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> and other environments.
7754 Keep the above in mind if you are using
7755 <filename>contrib/refint.*</filename> triggers for
7756 referential integrity. Additional techniques are required now. One way is
7757 to use <command>LOCK parent_table IN SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE MODE</command>
7758 command if a transaction is going to update/delete a primary key and
7759 use <command>LOCK parent_table IN SHARE MODE</command> command if a
7760 transaction is going to update/insert a foreign key.
7764 Note that if you run a transaction in SERIALIZABLE mode then you must
7765 execute the <command>LOCK</command> commands above before execution of any
7766 <acronym>DML</acronym> statement
7767 (<command>SELECT/INSERT/DELETE/UPDATE/FETCH/COPY_TO</command>) in the
7774 These inconveniences will disappear in the future
7775 when the ability to read dirty
7776 (uncommitted) data (regardless of isolation level) and true referential
7777 integrity will be implemented.
7783 <title>Changes</title>
7789 Fix text<->float8 and text<->float4 conversion functions(Thomas)
7790 Fix for creating tables with mixed-case constraints(Billy)
7791 Change exp()/pow() behavior to generate error on underflow/overflow(Jan)
7792 Fix bug in pg_dump -z
7793 Memory overrun cleanups(Tatsuo)
7794 Fix for lo_import crash(Tatsuo)
7795 Adjust handling of data type names to suppress double quotes(Thomas)
7796 Use type coercion for matching columns and DEFAULT(Thomas)
7797 Fix deadlock so it only checks once after one second of sleep(Bruce)
7798 Fixes for aggregates and PL/pgsql(Hiroshi)
7799 Fix for subquery crash(Vadim)
7800 Fix for libpq function PQfnumber and case-insensitive names(Bahman Rafatjoo)
7801 Fix for large object write-in-middle, no extra block, memory consumption(Tatsuo)
7802 Fix for pg_dump -d or -D and quote special characters in INSERT
7803 Repair serious problems with dynahash(Tom)
7804 Fix INET/CIDR portability problems
7805 Fix problem with selectivity error in ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN(Bruce)
7806 Fix executor so mergejoin of different column types works(Tom)
7807 Fix for Alpha OR selectivity bug
7808 Fix OR index selectivity problem(Bruce)
7809 Fix so \d shows proper length for char()/varchar()(Ryan)
7810 Fix tutorial code(Clark)
7811 Improve destroyuser checking(Oliver)
7812 Fix for Kerberos(Rodney McDuff)
7813 Fix for dropping database while dirty buffers(Bruce)
7814 Fix so sequence nextval() can be case-sensitive(Bruce)
7816 Drop buffers before destroying database files(Bruce)
7817 Fix case where executor evaluates functions twice(Tatsuo)
7818 Allow sequence nextval actions to be case-sensitive(Bruce)
7819 Fix optimizer indexing not working for negative numbers(Bruce)
7820 Fix for memory leak in executor with fjIsNull
7821 Fix for aggregate memory leaks(Erik Riedel)
7822 Allow user name containing a dash to grant privileges
7823 Cleanup of NULL in inet types
7824 Clean up system table bugs(Tom)
7825 Fix problems of PAGER and \? command(Masaaki Sakaida)
7826 Reduce default multisegment file size limit to 1GB(Peter)
7827 Fix for dumping of CREATE OPERATOR(Tom)
7828 Fix for backward scanning of cursors(Hiroshi Inoue)
7829 Fix for COPY FROM STDIN when using \i(Tom)
7830 Fix for subselect is compared inside an expression(Jan)
7831 Fix handling of error reporting while returning rows(Tom)
7832 Fix problems with reference to array types(Tom,Jan)
7833 Prevent UPDATE SET oid(Jan)
7834 Fix pg_dump so -t option can handle case-sensitive tablenames
7835 Fixes for GROUP BY in special cases(Tom, Jan)
7836 Fix for memory leak in failed queries(Tom)
7837 DEFAULT now supports mixed-case identifiers(Tom)
7838 Fix for multisegment uses of DROP/RENAME table, indexes(Ole Gjerde)
7839 Disable use of pg_dump with both -o and -d options(Bruce)
7840 Allow pg_dump to properly dump group privileges(Bruce)
7841 Fix GROUP BY in INSERT INTO table SELECT * FROM table2(Jan)
7842 Fix for computations in views(Jan)
7843 Fix for aggregates on array indexes(Tom)
7844 Fix for DEFAULT handles single quotes in value requiring too many quotes
7845 Fix security problem with non-super users importing/exporting large objects(Tom)
7846 Rollback of transaction that creates table cleaned up properly(Tom)
7847 Fix to allow long table and column names to generate proper serial names(Tom)
7851 Add "vacuumdb" utility
7852 Speed up libpq by allocating memory better(Tom)
7853 EXPLAIN all indexes used(Tom)
7854 Implement CASE, COALESCE, NULLIF expression(Thomas)
7855 New pg_dump table output format(Constantin)
7856 Add string min()/max() functions(Thomas)
7857 Extend new type coercion techniques to aggregates(Thomas)
7858 New moddatetime contrib(Terry)
7859 Update to pgaccess 0.96(Constantin)
7860 Add routines for single-byte "char" type(Thomas)
7861 Improved substr() function(Thomas)
7862 Improved multibyte handling(Tatsuo)
7863 Multiversion concurrency control/MVCC(Vadim)
7864 New Serialized mode(Vadim)
7865 Fix for tables over 2gigs(Peter)
7866 New SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL(Vadim)
7867 New LOCK TABLE IN ... MODE(Vadim)
7868 Update ODBC driver(Byron)
7869 New NUMERIC data type(Jan)
7870 New SELECT FOR UPDATE(Vadim)
7871 Handle "NaN" and "Infinity" for input values(Jan)
7872 Improved date/year handling(Thomas)
7873 Improved handling of backend connections(Magnus)
7874 New options ELOG_TIMESTAMPS and USE_SYSLOG options for log files(Massimo)
7875 New TCL_ARRAYS option(Massimo)
7876 New INTERSECT and EXCEPT(Stefan)
7877 New pg_index.indisprimary for primary key tracking(D'Arcy)
7878 New pg_dump option to allow dropping of tables before creation(Brook)
7879 Speedup of row output routines(Tom)
7880 New READ COMMITTED isolation level(Vadim)
7881 New TEMP tables/indexes(Bruce)
7882 Prevent sorting if result is already sorted(Jan)
7883 New memory allocation optimization(Jan)
7884 Allow psql to do \p\g(Bruce)
7885 Allow multiple rule actions(Jan)
7886 Added LIMIT/OFFSET functionality(Jan)
7887 Improve optimizer when joining a large number of tables(Bruce)
7888 New intro to SQL from S. Simkovics' Master's Thesis (Stefan, Thomas)
7889 New intro to backend processing from S. Simkovics' Master's Thesis (Stefan)
7890 Improved int8 support(Ryan Bradetich, Thomas, Tom)
7891 New routines to convert between int8 and text/varchar types(Thomas)
7892 New bushy plans, where meta-tables are joined(Bruce)
7893 Enable right-hand queries by default(Bruce)
7894 Allow reliable maximum number of backends to be set at configure time
7895 (--with-maxbackends and postmaster switch (-N backends))(Tom)
7896 GEQO default now 10 tables because of optimizer speedups(Tom)
7897 Allow NULL=Var for MS-SQL portability(Michael, Bruce)
7898 Modify contrib check_primary_key() so either "automatic" or "dependent"(Anand)
7899 Allow psql \d on a view show query(Ryan)
7900 Speedup for LIKE(Bruce)
7901 Ecpg fixes/features, see src/interfaces/ecpg/ChangeLog file(Michael)
7902 JDBC fixes/features, see src/interfaces/jdbc/CHANGELOG(Peter)
7903 Make % operator have precedence like /(Bruce)
7904 Add new postgres -O option to allow system table structure changes(Bruce)
7905 Update contrib/pginterface/findoidjoins script(Tom)
7906 Major speedup in vacuum of deleted rows with indexes(Vadim)
7907 Allow non-SQL functions to run different versions based on arguments(Tom)
7908 Add -E option that shows actual queries sent by \dt and friends(Masaaki Sakaida)
7909 Add version number in start-up banners for psql(Masaaki Sakaida)
7910 New contrib/vacuumlo removes large objects not referenced(Peter)
7911 New initialization for table sizes so non-vacuumed tables perform better(Tom)
7912 Improve error messages when a connection is rejected(Tom)
7913 Support for arrays of char() and varchar() fields(Massimo)
7914 Overhaul of hash code to increase reliability and performance(Tom)
7915 Update to PyGreSQL 2.4(D'Arcy)
7916 Changed debug options so -d4 and -d5 produce different node displays(Jan)
7917 New pg_options: pretty_plan, pretty_parse, pretty_rewritten(Jan)
7918 Better optimization statistics for system table access(Tom)
7919 Better handling of non-default block sizes(Massimo)
7920 Improve GEQO optimizer memory consumption(Tom)
7921 UNION now suppports ORDER BY of columns not in target list(Jan)
7922 Major libpq++ improvements(Vince Vielhaber)
7923 pg_dump now uses -z(ACL's) as default(Bruce)
7924 backend cache, memory speedups(Tom)
7925 have pg_dump do everything in one snapshot transaction(Vadim)
7926 fix for large object memory leakage, fix for pg_dumping(Tom)
7927 INET type now respects netmask for comparisons
7928 Make VACUUM ANALYZE only use a readlock(Vadim)
7929 Allow VIEWs on UNIONS(Jan)
7930 pg_dump now can generate consistent snapshots on active databases(Vadim)
7934 Improve port matching(Tom)
7935 Portability fixes for SunOS
7936 Add Windows NT backend port and enable dynamic loading(Magnus and Daniel Horak)
7937 New port to Cobalt Qube(Mips) running Linux(Tatsuo)
7938 Port to NetBSD/m68k(Mr. Mutsuki Nakajima)
7939 Port to NetBSD/sun3(Mr. Mutsuki Nakajima)
7940 Port to NetBSD/macppc(Toshimi Aoki)
7941 Fix for tcl/tk configuration(Vince)
7942 Removed CURRENT key word for rule queries(Jan)
7943 NT dynamic loading now works(Daniel Horak)
7944 Add ARM32 support(Andrew McMurry)
7945 Better support for HP-UX 11 and UnixWare
7946 Improve file handling to be more uniform, prevent file descriptor leak(Tom)
7947 New install commands for plpgsql(Jan)
7954 <sect1 id="release-6-4-2">
7955 <title>Release 6.4.2</title>
7958 <title>Release date</title>
7959 <simpara>1998-12-20</simpara>
7963 The 6.4.1 release was improperly packaged. This also has one additional
7969 <title>Migration to version 6.4.2</title>
7972 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
7977 <title>Changes</title>
7981 Fix for datetime constant problem on some platforms(Thomas)
7989 <sect1 id="release-6-4-1">
7990 <title>Release 6.4.1</title>
7993 <title>Release date</title>
7994 <simpara>1998-12-18</simpara>
7998 This is basically a cleanup release for 6.4. We have fixed a variety of
7999 problems reported by 6.4 users.
8004 <title>Migration to version 6.4.1</title>
8007 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
8012 <title>Changes</title>
8016 Add pg_dump -N flag to force double quotes around identifiers. This is
8018 Fix for NOT in where clause causing crash(Bruce)
8019 EXPLAIN VERBOSE coredump fix(Vadim)
8020 Fix shared-library problems on Linux
8021 Fix test for table existence to allow mixed-case and whitespace in
8022 the table name(Thomas)
8023 Fix a couple of pg_dump bugs
8024 Configure matches template/.similar entries better(Tom)
8025 Change builtin function names from SPI_* to spi_*
8026 OR WHERE clause fix(Vadim)
8027 Fixes for mixed-case table names(Billy)
8028 contrib/linux/postgres.init.csh/sh fix(Thomas)
8029 libpq memory overrun fix
8031 Change exp() behavior to generate error on underflow(Thomas)
8032 pg_dump fixes for memory leak, inheritance constraints, layout change
8033 update pgaccess to 0.93
8034 Fix prototype for 64-bit platforms
8035 Multibyte fixes(Tatsuo)
8037 Fix memory overruns(Tatsuo)
8038 Fix for lo_import() crash(Bruce)
8039 Better search for install program(Tom)
8042 Use implicit type coercion for matching DEFAULT values(Thomas)
8043 Add routines to help with single-byte (internal) character type(Thomas)
8044 Compilation of libpq for Windows fixes(Magnus)
8045 Upgrade to PyGreSQL 2.2(D'Arcy)
8053 <sect1 id="release-6-4">
8054 <title>Release 6.4</title>
8057 <title>Release date</title>
8058 <simpara>1998-10-30</simpara>
8062 There are <emphasis>many</emphasis> new features and improvements in this release.
8063 Thanks to our developers and maintainers, nearly every aspect of the system
8064 has received some attention since the previous release.
8065 Here is a brief, incomplete summary:
8070 Views and rules are now functional thanks to extensive new code in the
8071 rewrite rules system from Jan Wieck. He also wrote a chapter on it
8072 for the <citetitle>Programmer's Guide</citetitle>.
8077 Jan also contributed a second procedural language, <application>PL/pgSQL</application>, to go with the
8078 original <application>PL/pgTCL</application> procedural language he contributed last release.
8084 We have optional multiple-byte character set support from Tatsuo Ishii
8085 to complement our existing locale support.
8091 Client/server communications has been cleaned up, with better support for
8092 asynchronous messages and interrupts thanks to Tom Lane.
8098 The parser will now perform automatic type coercion to match arguments
8099 to available operators and functions, and to match columns and expressions
8100 with target columns. This uses a generic mechanism which supports
8101 the type extensibility features of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
8102 There is a new chapter in the <citetitle>User's Guide</citetitle>
8103 which covers this topic.
8109 Three new data types have been added.
8110 Two types, <type>inet</type> and <type>cidr</type>, support various forms
8111 of IP network, subnet, and machine addressing. There is now an 8-byte integer
8112 type available on some platforms. See the chapter on data types
8113 in the <citetitle>User's Guide</citetitle> for details.
8114 A fourth type, <type>serial</type>, is now supported by the parser as an
8115 amalgam of the <type>int4</type> type, a sequence, and a unique index.
8121 Several more <acronym>SQL92</acronym>-compatible syntax features have been
8122 added, including <command>INSERT DEFAULT VALUES</command>
8128 The automatic configuration and installation system has received some
8129 attention, and should be more robust for more platforms than it has ever
8138 <title>Migration to version 6.4</title>
8141 A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application>
8142 or <application>pg_dumpall</application>
8143 is required for those wishing to migrate data from any
8144 previous release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
8149 <title>Changes</title>
8155 Fix for a tiny memory leak in PQsetdb/PQfinish(Bryan)
8156 Remove char2-16 data types, use char/varchar(Darren)
8157 Pqfn not handles a NOTICE message(Anders)
8158 Reduced busywaiting overhead for spinlocks with many backends (dg)
8159 Stuck spinlock detection (dg)
8160 Fix up "ISO-style" timespan decoding and encoding(Thomas)
8161 Fix problem with table drop after rollback of transaction(Vadim)
8162 Change error message and remove non-functional update message(Vadim)
8163 Fix for COPY array checking
8164 Fix for SELECT 1 UNION SELECT NULL
8165 Fix for buffer leaks in large object calls(Pascal)
8166 Change owner from oid to int4 type(Bruce)
8167 Fix a bug in the oracle compatibility functions btrim() ltrim() and rtrim()
8168 Fix for shared invalidation cache overflow(Massimo)
8169 Prevent file descriptor leaks in failed COPY's(Bruce)
8170 Fix memory leak in libpgtcl's pg_select(Constantin)
8171 Fix problems with username/passwords over 8 characters(Tom)
8172 Fix problems with handling of asynchronous NOTIFY in backend(Tom)
8173 Fix of many bad system table entries(Tom)
8177 Upgrade ecpg and ecpglib,see src/interfaces/ecpc/ChangeLog(Michael)
8178 Show the index used in an EXPLAIN(Zeugswetter)
8179 EXPLAIN invokes rule system and shows plan(s) for rewritten queries(Jan)
8180 Multibyte awareness of many data types and functions, via configure(Tatsuo)
8181 New configure --with-mb option(Tatsuo)
8182 New initdb --pgencoding option(Tatsuo)
8183 New createdb -E multibyte option(Tatsuo)
8184 Select version(); now returns PostgreSQL version(Jeroen)
8185 libpq now allows asynchronous clients(Tom)
8186 Allow cancel from client of backend query(Tom)
8187 psql now cancels query with Control-C(Tom)
8188 libpq users need not issue dummy queries to get NOTIFY messages(Tom)
8189 NOTIFY now sends sender's PID, so you can tell whether it was your own(Tom)
8190 PGresult struct now includes associated error message, if any(Tom)
8191 Define "tz_hour" and "tz_minute" arguments to date_part()(Thomas)
8192 Add routines to convert between varchar and bpchar(Thomas)
8193 Add routines to allow sizing of varchar and bpchar into target columns(Thomas)
8194 Add bit flags to support timezonehour and minute in data retrieval(Thomas)
8195 Allow more variations on valid floating point numbers (e.g. ".1", "1e6")(Thomas)
8196 Fixes for unary minus parsing with leading spaces(Thomas)
8197 Implement TIMEZONE_HOUR, TIMEZONE_MINUTE per SQL92 specs(Thomas)
8198 Check for and properly ignore FOREIGN KEY column constraints(Thomas)
8199 Define USER as synonym for CURRENT_USER per SQL92 specs(Thomas)
8200 Enable HAVING clause but no fixes elsewhere yet.
8201 Make "char" type a synonym for "char(1)" (actually implemented as bpchar)(Thomas)
8202 Save string type if specified for DEFAULT clause handling(Thomas)
8203 Coerce operations involving different data types(Thomas)
8204 Allow some index use for columns of different types(Thomas)
8205 Add capabilities for automatic type conversion(Thomas)
8206 Cleanups for large objects, so file is truncated on open(Peter)
8207 Readline cleanups(Tom)
8208 Allow psql \f \ to make spaces as delimiter(Bruce)
8209 Pass pg_attribute.atttypmod to the frontend for column field lengths(Tom,Bruce)
8210 Msql compatibility library in /contrib(Aldrin)
8211 Remove the requirement that ORDER/GROUP BY clause identifiers be
8212 included in the target list(David)
8213 Convert columns to match columns in UNION clauses(Thomas)
8214 Remove fork()/exec() and only do fork()(Bruce)
8215 Jdbc cleanups(Peter)
8216 Show backend status on ps command line(only works on some platforms)(Bruce)
8217 Pg_hba.conf now has a sameuser option in the database field
8218 Make lo_unlink take oid param, not int4
8219 New DISABLE_COMPLEX_MACRO for compilers that can't handle our macros(Bruce)
8220 Libpgtcl now handles NOTIFY as a Tcl event, need not send dummy queries(Tom)
8221 libpgtcl cleanups(Tom)
8222 Add -error option to libpgtcl's pg_result command(Tom)
8223 New locale patch, see docs/README/locale(Oleg)
8224 Fix for pg_dump so CONSTRAINT and CHECK syntax is correct(ccb)
8225 New contrib/lo code for large object orphan removal(Peter)
8226 New psql command "SET CLIENT_ENCODING TO 'encoding'" for multibytes
8227 feature, see /doc/README.mb(Tatsuo)
8228 contrib/noupdate code to revoke update permission on a column
8229 libpq can now be compiled on Windows(Magnus)
8230 Add PQsetdbLogin() in libpq
8231 New 8-byte integer type, checked by configure for OS support(Thomas)
8232 Better support for quoted table/column names(Thomas)
8233 Surround table and column names with double-quotes in pg_dump(Thomas)
8234 PQreset() now works with passwords(Tom)
8235 Handle case of GROUP BY target list column number out of range(David)
8236 Allow UNION in subselects
8237 Add auto-size to screen to \d? commands(Bruce)
8238 Use UNION to show all \d? results in one query(Bruce)
8239 Add \d? field search feature(Bruce)
8240 Pg_dump issues fewer \connect requests(Tom)
8241 Make pg_dump -z flag work better, document it in manual page(Tom)
8242 Add HAVING clause with full support for subselects and unions(Stephan)
8243 Full text indexing routines in contrib/fulltextindex(Maarten)
8244 Transaction ids now stored in shared memory(Vadim)
8245 New PGCLIENTENCODING when issuing COPY command(Tatsuo)
8246 Support for SQL92 syntax "SET NAMES"(Tatsuo)
8247 Support for LATIN2-5(Tatsuo)
8248 Add UNICODE regression test case(Tatsuo)
8249 Lock manager cleanup, new locking modes for LLL(Vadim)
8250 Allow index use with OR clauses(Bruce)
8251 Allows "SELECT NULL ORDER BY 1;"
8252 Explain VERBOSE prints the plan, and now pretty-prints the plan to
8253 the postmaster log file(Bruce)
8254 Add indexes display to \d command(Bruce)
8255 Allow GROUP BY on functions(David)
8256 New pg_class.relkind for large objects(Bruce)
8257 New way to send libpq NOTICE messages to a different location(Tom)
8258 New \w write command to psql(Bruce)
8259 New /contrib/findoidjoins scans oid columns to find join relationships(Bruce)
8260 Allow binary-compatible indexes to be considered when checking for valid
8261 Indexes for restriction clauses containing a constant(Thomas)
8262 New ISBN/ISSN code in /contrib/isbn_issn
8263 Allow NOT LIKE, IN, NOT IN, BETWEEN, and NOT BETWEEN constraint(Thomas)
8264 New rewrite system fixes many problems with rules and views(Jan)
8265 * Rules on relations work
8266 * Event qualifications on insert/update/delete work
8267 * New OLD variable to reference CURRENT, CURRENT will be remove in future
8268 * Update rules can reference NEW and OLD in rule qualifications/actions
8269 * Insert/update/delete rules on views work
8270 * Multiple rule actions are now supported, surrounded by parentheses
8271 * Regular users can create views/rules on tables they have RULE permits
8272 * Rules and views inherit the privileges of the creator
8273 * No rules at the column level
8274 * No UPDATE NEW/OLD rules
8275 * New pg_tables, pg_indexes, pg_rules and pg_views system views
8276 * Only a single action on SELECT rules
8277 * Total rewrite overhaul, perhaps for 6.5
8279 * handle aggregates on views
8280 * handle insert into select from view works
8281 System indexes are now multikey(Bruce)
8282 Oidint2, oidint4, and oidname types are removed(Bruce)
8283 Use system cache for more system table lookups(Bruce)
8284 New backend programming language PL/pgSQL in backend/pl(Jan)
8285 New SERIAL data type, auto-creates sequence/index(Thomas)
8286 Enable assert checking without a recompile(Massimo)
8287 User lock enhancements(Massimo)
8288 New setval() command to set sequence value(Massimo)
8289 Auto-remove unix socket file on start-up if no postmaster running(Massimo)
8290 Conditional trace package(Massimo)
8291 New UNLISTEN command(Massimo)
8292 psql and libpq now compile under Windows using win32.mak(Magnus)
8293 Lo_read no longer stores trailing NULL(Bruce)
8294 Identifiers are now truncated to 31 characters internally(Bruce)
8295 Createuser options now availble on the command line
8296 Code for 64-bit integer supported added, configure tested, int8 type(Thomas)
8297 Prevent file descriptor leaf from failed COPY(Bruce)
8298 New pg_upgrade command(Bruce)
8299 Updated /contrib directories(Massimo)
8300 New CREATE TABLE DEFAULT VALUES statement available(Thomas)
8301 New INSERT INTO TABLE DEFAULT VALUES statement available(Thomas)
8302 New DECLARE and FETCH feature(Thomas)
8303 libpq's internal structures now not exported(Tom)
8304 Allow up to 8 key indexes(Bruce)
8305 Remove ARCHIVE key word, that is no longer used(Thomas)
8306 pg_dump -n flag to supress quotes around indentifiers
8307 disable system columns for views(Jan)
8308 new INET and CIDR types for network addresses(TomH, Paul)
8309 no more double quotes in psql output
8310 pg_dump now dumps views(Terry)
8311 new SET QUERY_LIMIT(Tatsuo,Jan)
8315 /contrib cleanup(Jun)
8316 Inline some small functions called for every row(Bruce)
8319 Multibyte regression tests(Soonmyung.)
8320 Remove --disabled options from configure
8321 Define PGDOC to use POSTGRESDIR by default
8322 Make regression optional
8323 Remove extra braces code to pgindent(Bruce)
8324 Add bsdi shared library support(Bruce)
8325 New --without-CXX support configure option(Brook)
8327 Update backend flowchart in tools/backend(Bruce)
8328 Change atttypmod from int16 to int32(Bruce, Tom)
8329 Getrusage() fix for platforms that do not have it(Tom)
8330 Add PQconnectdb, PGUSER, PGPASSWORD to libpq man page
8331 NS32K platform fixes(Phil Nelson, John Buller)
8332 SCO 7/UnixWare 2.x fixes(Billy,others)
8333 Sparc/Solaris 2.5 fixes(Ryan)
8334 Pgbuiltin.3 is obsolete, move to doc files(Thomas)
8335 Even more documention(Thomas)
8336 Nextstep support(Jacek)
8338 pginterface manual page(Bruce)
8339 shared libraries all have version numbers
8340 merged all OS-specific shared library defines into one file
8341 smarter TCL/TK configuration checking(Billy)
8342 smarter perl configuration(Brook)
8343 configure uses supplied install-sh if no install script found(Tom)
8344 new Makefile.shlib for shared library configuration(Tom)
8350 <sect1 id="release-6-3-2">
8351 <title>Release 6.3.2</title>
8354 <title>Release date</title>
8355 <simpara>1998-04-07</simpara>
8359 This is a bug-fix release for 6.3.x.
8360 Refer to the release notes for version 6.3 for a more complete summary of new features.
8368 Repairs automatic configuration support for some platforms, including Linux,
8369 from breakage inadvertently introduced in version 6.3.1.
8375 Correctly handles function calls on the left side of BETWEEN and LIKE clauses.
8382 A dump/restore is NOT required for those running 6.3 or 6.3.1. A
8383 <literal>make distclean</>, <literal>make</>, and <literal>make install</> is all that is required.
8384 This last step should be performed while the postmaster is not running.
8385 You should re-link any custom applications that use <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> libraries.
8388 For upgrades from pre-6.3 installations,
8389 refer to the installation and migration instructions for version 6.3.
8393 <title>Changes</title>
8397 Configure detection improvements for tcl/tk(Brook Milligan, Alvin)
8398 Manual page improvements(Bruce)
8399 BETWEEN and LIKE fix(Thomas)
8400 fix for psql \connect used by pg_dump(Oliver Elphick)
8402 pgaccess, version 0.86
8403 qsort removed, now uses libc version, cleanups(Jeroen)
8404 fix for buffer over-runs detected(Maurice Gittens)
8405 fix for buffer overrun in libpgtcl(Randy Kunkee)
8406 fix for UNION with DISTINCT or ORDER BY(Bruce)
8407 gettimeofday configure check(Doug Winterburn)
8408 Fix "indexes not used" bug(Vadim)
8409 docs additions(Thomas)
8410 Fix for backend memory leak(Bruce)
8411 libreadline cleanup(Erwan MAS)
8412 Remove DISTDIR(Bruce)
8413 Makefile dependency cleanup(Jeroen van Vianen)
8420 <sect1 id="release-6-3-1">
8421 <title>Release 6.3.1</title>
8424 <title>Release date</title>
8425 <simpara>1998-03-23</simpara>
8434 Additional support for multibyte character sets.
8440 Repair byte ordering for mixed-endian clients and servers.
8446 Minor updates to allowed SQL syntax.
8452 Improvements to the configuration autodetection for installation.
8459 A dump/restore is NOT required for those running 6.3. A
8460 <literal>make distclean</>, <literal>make</>, and <literal>make install</> is all that is required.
8461 This last step should be performed while the postmaster is not running.
8462 You should re-link any custom applications that use <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> libraries.
8465 For upgrades from pre-6.3 installations,
8466 refer to the installation and migration instructions for version 6.3.
8470 <title>Changes</title>
8474 ecpg cleanup/fixes, now version 1.1(Michael Meskes)
8475 pg_user cleanup(Bruce)
8476 large object fix for pg_dump and tclsh (alvin)
8477 LIKE fix for multiple adjacent underscores
8478 fix for redefining builtin functions(Thomas)
8480 upgrade to pg_access 0.83
8481 updated CLUSTER manual page
8482 multibyte character set support, see doc/README.mb(Tatsuo)
8483 configure --with-pgport fix
8485 big-endian fix for backend communications(Kataoka)
8486 SUBSTR() and substring() fix(Jan)
8487 several jdbc fixes(Peter)
8488 libpgtcl improvements, see libptcl/README(Randy Kunkee)
8489 Fix for "Datasize = 0" error(Vadim)
8490 Prevent \do from wrapping(Bruce)
8491 Remove duplicate Russian character set entries
8493 Allow optional TABLE key word in LOCK and SELECT INTO(Thomas)
8494 CREATE SEQUENCE options to allow a negative integer(Thomas)
8495 Add "PASSWORD" as an allowed column identifier(Thomas)
8496 Add checks for UNION target fields(Bruce)
8497 Fix Alpha port(Dwayne Bailey)
8498 Fix for text arrays containing quotes(Doug Gibson)
8499 Solaris compile fix(Albert Chin-A-Young)
8500 Better identify tcl and tk libs and includes(Bruce)
8506 <sect1 id="release-6-3">
8507 <title>Release 6.3</title>
8510 <title>Release date</title>
8511 <simpara>1998-03-01</simpara>
8515 There are <emphasis>many</emphasis> new features and improvements in this release.
8516 Here is a brief, incomplete summary:
8521 Many new SQL features, including
8522 full <acronym>SQL92</acronym> subselect capability
8523 (everything is here but target-list subselects).
8529 Support for client-side environment variables to specify time zone and date style.
8535 Socket interface for client/server connection. This is the default now
8536 so you may need to start <application>postmaster</application> with the
8537 <option>-i</option> flag.
8543 Better password authorization mechanisms. Default table privileges have changed.
8549 Old-style <firstterm>time travel</firstterm>
8550 has been removed. Performance has been improved.
8558 Bruce Momjian wrote the following notes to introduce the new release.
8563 There are some general 6.3 issues that I want to mention. These are
8564 only the big items that can not be described in one sentence. A review
8565 of the detailed changes list is still needed.
8568 First, we now have subselects. Now that we have them, I would like to
8569 mention that without subselects, SQL is a very limited language.
8570 Subselects are a major feature, and you should review your code for
8571 places where subselects provide a better solution for your queries. I
8572 think you will find that there are more uses for subselects than you may
8573 think. Vadim has put us on the big SQL map with subselects, and fully
8574 functional ones too. The only thing you can't do with subselects is to
8575 use them in the target list.
8578 Second, 6.3 uses Unix domain sockets rather than TCP/IP by default. To
8579 enable connections from other machines, you have to use the new
8580 postmaster -i option, and of course edit <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename>. Also, for this
8581 reason, the format of <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename> has changed.
8584 Third, <type>char()</type> fields will now allow faster access than <type>varchar()</type> or
8585 <type>text</type>. Specifically, the <type>text</> and <type>varchar()</type> have a penalty for access to
8586 any columns after the first column of this type. <type>char()</type> used to also
8587 have this access penalty, but it no longer does. This may suggest that
8588 you redesign some of your tables, especially if you have short character
8589 columns that you have defined as <type>varchar()</type> or <type>text</type>. This and other
8590 changes make 6.3 even faster than earlier releases.
8593 We now have passwords definable independent of any Unix file. There are
8594 new SQL USER commands.
8595 See the <citetitle>Administrator's Guide</citetitle> for more
8596 information. There is a new table, pg_shadow, which is used to store
8597 user information and user passwords, and it by default only SELECT-able
8598 by the <systemitem>postgres</systemitem> super-user. pg_user is now a view of pg_shadow, and is
8599 SELECT-able by PUBLIC. You should keep using pg_user in your
8600 application without changes.
8603 User-created tables now no longer have SELECT privilege to PUBLIC by
8604 default. This was done because the ANSI standard requires it. You can
8605 of course GRANT any privileges you want after the table is created.
8606 System tables continue to be SELECT-able by PUBLIC.
8609 We also have real deadlock detection code. No more sixty-second
8610 timeouts. And the new locking code implements a <acronym>FIFO</acronym> better, so there
8611 should be less resource starvation during heavy use.
8614 Many complaints have been made about inadequate documentation in previous
8615 releases. Thomas has put much effort into many new manuals for this
8616 release. Check out the doc/ directory.
8619 For performance reasons, time travel is gone, but can be implemented
8620 using triggers (see <filename>pgsql/contrib/spi/README</filename>). Please check out the new
8621 \d command for types, operators, etc. Also, views have their own
8622 privileges now, not based on the underlying tables, so privileges on
8623 them have to be set separately. Check <filename>/pgsql/interfaces</filename> for some new
8624 ways to talk to <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
8627 This is the first release that really required an explanation for
8628 existing users. In many ways, this was necessary because the new
8629 release removes many limitations, and the work-arounds people were using
8630 are no longer needed.
8634 <title>Migration to version 6.3</title>
8637 A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application>
8638 or <application>pg_dumpall</application>
8639 is required for those wishing to migrate data from any
8640 previous release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
8645 <title>Changes</title>
8651 Fix binary cursors broken by MOVE implementation(Vadim)
8652 Fix for tcl library crash(Jan)
8653 Fix for array handling, from Gerhard Hintermayer
8654 Fix acl error, and remove duplicate pqtrace(Bruce)
8655 Fix psql \e for empty file(Bruce)
8656 Fix for textcat on varchar() fields(Bruce)
8657 Fix for DBT Sendproc (Zeugswetter Andres)
8658 Fix vacuum analyze syntax problem(Bruce)
8659 Fix for international identifiers(Tatsuo)
8660 Fix aggregates on inherited tables(Bruce)
8661 Fix substr() for out-of-bounds data
8662 Fix for select 1=1 or 2=2, select 1=1 and 2=2, and select sum(2+2)(Bruce)
8663 Fix notty output to show status result. -q option still turns it off(Bruce)
8664 Fix for count(*), aggs with views and multiple tables and sum(3)(Bruce)
8666 Fix for PQtrace start/stop several times(Bruce)
8667 Fix a variety of locking problems like newer lock waiters getting
8668 lock before older waiters, and having readlock people not share
8669 locks if a writer is waiting for a lock, and waiting writers not
8670 getting priority over waiting readers(Bruce)
8671 Fix crashes in psql when executing queries from external files(James)
8672 Fix problem with multiple order by columns, with the first one having
8674 Use correct hash table support functions for float8 and int4(Thomas)
8675 Re-enable JOIN= option in CREATE OPERATOR statement (Thomas)
8676 Change precedence for boolean operators to match expected behavior(Thomas)
8677 Generate elog(ERROR) on over-large integer(Bruce)
8678 Allow multiple-argument functions in constraint clauses(Thomas)
8679 Check boolean input literals for 'true','false','yes','no','1','0'
8680 and throw elog(ERROR) if unrecognized(Thomas)
8681 Major large objects fix
8682 Fix for GROUP BY showing duplicates(Vadim)
8683 Fix for index scans in MergeJion(Vadim)
8687 Subselects with EXISTS, IN, ALL, ANY key words (Vadim, Bruce, Thomas)
8688 New User Manual(Thomas, others)
8689 Speedup by inlining some frequently-called functions
8690 Real deadlock detection, no more timeouts(Bruce)
8691 Add SQL92 "constants" CURRENT_DATE, CURRENT_TIME, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
8692 CURRENT_USER(Thomas)
8693 Modify constraint syntax to be SQL92-compliant(Thomas)
8694 Implement SQL92 PRIMARY KEY and UNIQUE clauses using indexes(Thomas)
8695 Recognize SQL92 syntax for FOREIGN KEY. Throw elog notice(Thomas)
8696 Allow NOT NULL UNIQUE constraint clause (each allowed separately before)(Thomas)
8697 Allow PostgreSQL-style casting ("::") of non-constants(Thomas)
8698 Add support for SQL3 TRUE and FALSE boolean constants(Thomas)
8699 Support SQL92 syntax for IS TRUE/IS FALSE/IS NOT TRUE/IS NOT FALSE(Thomas)
8700 Allow shorter strings for boolean literals (e.g. "t", "tr", "tru")(Thomas)
8701 Allow SQL92 delimited identifiers(Thomas)
8702 Implement SQL92 binary and hexadecimal string decoding (b'10' and x'1F')(Thomas)
8703 Support SQL92 syntax for type coercion of literal strings
8704 (e.g. "DATETIME 'now'")(Thomas)
8705 Add conversions for int2, int4, and OID types to and from text(Thomas)
8706 Use shared lock when building indexes(Vadim)
8707 Free memory allocated for an user query inside transaction block after
8708 this query is done, was turned off in <= 6.2.1(Vadim)
8709 New SQL statement CREATE PROCEDURAL LANGUAGE(Jan)
8710 New <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> Procedural Language (PL) backend interface(Jan)
8711 Rename pg_dump -H option to -h(Bruce)
8712 Add Java support for passwords, European dates(Peter)
8713 Use indexes for LIKE and ~, !~ operations(Bruce)
8714 Add hash functions for datetime and timespan(Thomas)
8715 Time Travel removed(Vadim, Bruce)
8716 Add paging for \d and \z, and fix \i(Bruce)
8717 Add Unix domain socket support to backend and to frontend library(Goran)
8718 Implement CREATE DATABASE/WITH LOCATION and initlocation utility(Thomas)
8719 Allow more SQL92 and/or <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> reserved words as column identifiers(Thomas)
8720 Augment support for SQL92 SET TIME ZONE...(Thomas)
8721 SET/SHOW/RESET TIME ZONE uses TZ backend environment variable(Thomas)
8722 Implement SET keyword = DEFAULT and SET TIME ZONE DEFAULT(Thomas)
8723 Enable SET TIME ZONE using TZ environment variable(Thomas)
8724 Add PGDATESTYLE environment variable to frontend and backend initialization(Thomas)
8725 Add PGTZ, PGCOSTHEAP, PGCOSTINDEX, PGRPLANS, PGGEQO
8726 frontend library initialization environment variables(Thomas)
8727 Regression tests time zone automatically set with "setenv PGTZ PST8PDT"(Thomas)
8728 Add pg_description table for info on tables, columns, operators, types, and
8730 Increase 16 char limit on system table/index names to 32 characters(Bruce)
8731 Rename system indexes(Bruce)
8732 Add 'GERMAN' option to SET DATESTYLE(Thomas)
8733 Define an "ISO-style" timespan output format with "hh:mm:ss" fields(Thomas)
8734 Allow fractional values for delta times (e.g. '2.5 days')(Thomas)
8735 Validate numeric input more carefully for delta times(Thomas)
8736 Implement day of year as possible input to date_part()(Thomas)
8737 Define timespan_finite() and text_timespan() functions(Thomas)
8738 Remove archive stuff(Bruce)
8739 Allow for a pg_password authentication database that is separate from
8740 the system password file(Todd)
8741 Dump ACLs, GRANT, REVOKE privileges(Matt)
8742 Define text, varchar, and bpchar string length functions(Thomas)
8743 Fix Query handling for inheritance, and cost computations(Bruce)
8744 Implement CREATE TABLE/AS SELECT (alternative to SELECT/INTO)(Thomas)
8745 Allow NOT, IS NULL, IS NOT NULL in constraints(Thomas)
8746 Implement UNIONs for SELECT(Bruce)
8747 Add UNION, GROUP, DISTINCT to INSERT(Bruce)
8748 varchar() stores only necessary bytes on disk(Bruce)
8749 Fix for BLOBs(Peter)
8750 Mega-Patch for JDBC...see README_6.3 for list of changes(Peter)
8751 Remove unused "option" from PQconnectdb()
8752 New LOCK command and lock manual page describing deadlocks(Bruce)
8753 Add new psql \da, \dd, \df, \do, \dS, and \dT commands(Bruce)
8754 Enhance psql \z to show sequences(Bruce)
8755 Show NOT NULL and DEFAULT in psql \d table(Bruce)
8756 New psql .psqlrc file start-up(Andrew)
8757 Modify sample start-up script in contrib/linux to show syslog(Thomas)
8758 New types for IP and MAC addresses in contrib/ip_and_mac(TomH)
8759 Unix system time conversions with date/time types in contrib/unixdate(Thomas)
8760 Update of contrib stuff(Massimo)
8761 Add Unix socket support to DBD::Pg(Goran)
8762 New python interface (PyGreSQL 2.0)(D'Arcy)
8763 New frontend/backend protocol has a version number, network byte order(Phil)
8764 Security features in pg_hba.conf enhanced and documented, many cleanups(Phil)
8765 CHAR() now faster access than VARCHAR() or TEXT
8766 ecpg embedded SQL preprocessor
8767 Reduce system column overhead(Vadmin)
8768 Remove pg_time table(Vadim)
8769 Add pg_type attribute to identify types that need length (bpchar, varchar)
8770 Add report of offending line when COPY command fails
8771 Allow VIEW privileges to be set separately from the underlying tables.
8772 For security, use GRANT/REVOKE on views as appropriate(Jan)
8773 Tables now have no default GRANT SELECT TO PUBLIC. You must
8774 explicitly grant such privileges.
8775 Clean up tutorial examples(Darren)
8779 Add new html development tools, and flow chart in /tools/backend
8780 Fix for SCO compiles
8781 Stratus computer port Robert Gillies
8782 Added support for shlib for BSD44_derived & i386_solaris
8783 Make configure more automated(Brook)
8784 Add script to check regression test results
8785 Break parser functions into smaller files, group together(Bruce)
8786 Rename heap_create to heap_create_and_catalog, rename heap_creatr
8787 to heap_create()(Bruce)
8788 Sparc/Linux patch for locking(TomS)
8789 Remove PORTNAME and reorganize port-specific stuff(Marc)
8790 Add optimizer README file(Bruce)
8791 Remove some recursion in optimizer and clean up some code there(Bruce)
8792 Fix for NetBSD locking(Henry)
8793 Fix for libptcl make(Tatsuo)
8795 Change IS TRUE, IS FALSE, ... to expressions using "=" rather than
8796 function calls to istrue() or isfalse() to allow optimization(Thomas)
8797 Various fixes NetBSD/Sparc related(TomH)
8798 Alpha linux locking(Travis,Ryan)
8799 Change elog(WARN) to elog(ERROR)(Bruce)
8800 FAQ for FreeBSD(Marc)
8801 Bring in the PostODBC source tree as part of our standard distribution(Marc)
8802 A minor patch for HP/UX 10 vs 9(Stan)
8803 New pg_attribute.atttypmod for type-specific info like varchar length(Bruce)
8804 UnixWare patches(Billy)
8805 New i386 'lock' for spinlock asm(Billy)
8806 Support for multiplexed backends is removed
8807 Start an OpenBSD port
8810 Add string functions to regression suite(Thomas)
8811 Expand a few function names formerly truncated to 16 characters(Thomas)
8812 Remove un-needed malloc() calls and replace with palloc()(Bruce)
8818 <sect1 id="release-6-2-1">
8819 <title>Release 6.2.1</title>
8822 <title>Release date</title>
8823 <simpara>1997-10-17</simpara>
8827 6.2.1 is a bug-fix and usability release on 6.2.
8835 Allow strings to span lines, per <acronym>SQL92</acronym>.
8841 Include example trigger function for inserting user names on table updates.
8848 This is a minor bug-fix release on 6.2.
8849 For upgrades from pre-6.2 systems, a full dump/reload is required.
8850 Refer to the 6.2 release notes for instructions.
8854 <title>Migration from version 6.2 to version 6.2.1</title>
8857 This is a minor bug-fix release. A dump/reload is not required from version 6.2,
8858 but is required from any release prior to 6.2.
8861 In upgrading from version 6.2, if you choose to dump/reload you will find that
8862 avg(money) is now calculated correctly. All other bug fixes take effect
8863 upon updating the executables.
8866 Another way to avoid dump/reload is to use the following SQL command
8867 from <command>psql</command> to update the existing system table:
8870 update pg_aggregate set aggfinalfn = 'cash_div_flt8'
8871 where aggname = 'avg' and aggbasetype = 790;
8875 This will need to be done to every existing database, including template1.
8880 <title>Changes</title>
8884 Allow TIME and TYPE column names(Thomas)
8885 Allow larger range of true/false as boolean values(Thomas)
8886 Support output of "now" and "current"(Thomas)
8887 Handle DEFAULT with INSERT of NULL properly(Vadim)
8888 Fix for relation reference counts problem in buffer manager(Vadim)
8889 Allow strings to span lines, like ANSI(Thomas)
8890 Fix for backward cursor with ORDER BY(Vadim)
8891 Fix avg(cash) computation(Thomas)
8892 Fix for specifying a column twice in ORDER/GROUP BY(Vadim)
8893 Documented new libpq function to return affected rows, PQcmdTuples(Bruce)
8894 Trigger function for inserting user names for INSERT/UPDATE(Brook Milligan)
8900 <sect1 id="release-6-2">
8901 <title>Release 6.2</title>
8904 <title>Release date</title>
8905 <simpara>1997-10-02</simpara>
8909 A dump/restore is required for those wishing to migrate data from
8910 previous releases of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
8914 <title>Migration from version 6.1 to version 6.2</title>
8917 This migration requires a complete dump of the 6.1 database and a
8918 restore of the database in 6.2.
8921 Note that the <command>pg_dump</command> and <command>pg_dumpall</command> utility from 6.2 should be used
8922 to dump the 6.1 database.
8927 <title>Migration from version 1.<replaceable>x</> to version 6.2</title>
8930 Those migrating from earlier 1.* releases should first upgrade to 1.09
8931 because the COPY output format was improved from the 1.02 release.
8936 <title>Changes</title>
8942 Fix problems with pg_dump for inheritance, sequences, archive tables(Bruce)
8943 Fix compile errors on overflow due to shifts, unsigned, and bad prototypes
8944 from Solaris(Diab Jerius)
8945 Fix bugs in geometric line arithmetic (bad intersection calculations)(Thomas)
8946 Check for geometric intersections at endpoints to avoid rounding ugliness(Thomas)
8947 Catch non-functional delete attempts(Vadim)
8948 Change time function names to be more consistent(Michael Reifenberg)
8949 Check for zero divides(Michael Reifenberg)
8950 Fix very old bug which made rows changed/inserted by a command
8951 visible to the command itself (so we had multiple update of
8952 updated rows, etc.)(Vadim)
8953 Fix for SELECT null, 'fail' FROM pg_am (Patrick)
8954 SELECT NULL as EMPTY_FIELD now allowed(Patrick)
8955 Remove un-needed signal stuff from contrib/pginterface
8956 Fix OR (where x != 1 or x isnull didn't return rows with x NULL) (Vadim)
8957 Fix time_cmp function (Vadim)
8958 Fix handling of functions with non-attribute first argument in
8959 WHERE clauses (Vadim)
8960 Fix GROUP BY when order of entries is different from order
8961 in target list (Vadim)
8962 Fix pg_dump for aggregates without sfunc1 (Vadim)
8966 Default genetic optimizer GEQO parameter is now 8(Bruce)
8967 Allow use parameters in target list having aggregates in functions(Vadim)
8968 Added JDBC driver as an interface(Adrian & Peter)
8970 Return number of rows inserted/affected by INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE etc.(Vadim)
8971 Triggers implemented with CREATE TRIGGER (SQL3)(Vadim)
8972 SPI (Server Programming Interface) allows execution of queries inside
8974 NOT NULL implemented (SQL92)(Robson Paniago de Miranda)
8975 Include reserved words for string handling, outer joins, and unions(Thomas)
8976 Implement extended comments ("/* ... */") using exclusive states(Thomas)
8977 Add "//" single-line comments(Bruce)
8978 Remove some restrictions on characters in operator names(Thomas)
8979 DEFAULT and CONSTRAINT for tables implemented (SQL92)(Vadim & Thomas)
8980 Add text concatenation operator and function (SQL92)(Thomas)
8981 Support WITH TIME ZONE syntax (SQL92)(Thomas)
8982 Support INTERVAL unit TO unit syntax (SQL92)(Thomas)
8983 Define types DOUBLE PRECISION, INTERVAL, CHARACTER,
8984 and CHARACTER VARYING (SQL92)(Thomas)
8985 Define type FLOAT(p) and rudimentary DECIMAL(p,s), NUMERIC(p,s) (SQL92)(Thomas)
8986 Define EXTRACT(), POSITION(), SUBSTRING(), and TRIM() (SQL92)(Thomas)
8987 Define CURRENT_DATE, CURRENT_TIME, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP (SQL92)(Thomas)
8988 Add syntax and warnings for UNION, HAVING, INNER and OUTER JOIN (SQL92)(Thomas)
8989 Add more reserved words, mostly for SQL92 compliance(Thomas)
8990 Allow hh:mm:ss time entry for timespan/reltime types(Thomas)
8991 Add center() routines for lseg, path, polygon(Thomas)
8992 Add distance() routines for circle-polygon, polygon-polygon(Thomas)
8993 Check explicitly for points and polygons contained within polygons
8994 using an axis-crossing algorithm(Thomas)
8995 Add routine to convert circle-box(Thomas)
8996 Merge conflicting operators for different geometric data types(Thomas)
8997 Replace distance operator "<===>" with "<->"(Thomas)
8998 Replace "above" operator "!^" with ">^" and "below" operator "!|" with "<^"(Thomas)
8999 Add routines for text trimming on both ends, substring, and string position(Thomas)
9000 Added conversion routines circle(box) and poly(circle)(Thomas)
9001 Allow internal sorts to be stored in memory rather than in files(Bruce & Vadim)
9002 Allow functions and operators on internally-identical types to succeed(Bruce)
9003 Speed up backend start-up after profiling analysis(Bruce)
9004 Inline frequently called functions for performance(Bruce)
9005 Reduce open() calls(Bruce)
9006 psql: Add PAGER for \h and \?,\C fix
9007 Fix for psql pager when no tty(Bruce)
9008 New entab utility(Bruce)
9009 General trigger functions for referential integrity (Vadim)
9010 General trigger functions for time travel (Vadim)
9011 General trigger functions for AUTOINCREMENT/IDENTITY feature (Vadim)
9012 MOVE implementation (Vadim)
9016 HP-UX 10 patches (Vladimir Turin)
9017 Added SCO support, (Daniel Harris)
9018 MkLinux patches (Tatsuo Ishii)
9019 Change geometric box terminology from "length" to "width"(Thomas)
9020 Deprecate temporary unstored slope fields in geometric code(Thomas)
9021 Remove restart instructions from INSTALL(Bruce)
9022 Look in /usr/ucb first for install(Bruce)
9023 Fix c++ copy example code(Thomas)
9024 Add -o to psql manual page(Bruce)
9025 Prevent relname unallocated string length from being copied into database(Bruce)
9026 Cleanup for NAMEDATALEN use(Bruce)
9027 Fix pg_proc names over 15 chars in output(Bruce)
9028 Add strNcpy() function(Bruce)
9029 remove some (void) casts that are unnecessary(Bruce)
9030 new interfaces directory(Marc)
9031 Replace fopen() calls with calls to fd.c functions(Bruce)
9032 Make functions static where possible(Bruce)
9033 enclose unused functions in #ifdef NOT_USED(Bruce)
9034 Remove call to difftime() in timestamp support to fix SunOS(Bruce & Thomas)
9035 Changes for Digital Unix
9036 Portability fix for pg_dumpall(Bruce)
9037 Rename pg_attribute.attnvals to attdispersion(Bruce)
9038 "intro/unix" manual page now "pgintro"(Bruce)
9039 "built-in" manual page now "pgbuiltin"(Bruce)
9040 "drop" manual page now "drop_table"(Bruce)
9041 Add "create_trigger", "drop_trigger" manual pages(Thomas)
9042 Add constraints regression test(Vadim & Thomas)
9043 Add comments syntax regression test(Thomas)
9044 Add PGINDENT and support program(Bruce)
9045 Massive commit to run PGINDENT on all *.c and *.h files(Bruce)
9046 Files moved to /src/tools directory(Bruce)
9047 SPI and Trigger programming guides (Vadim & D'Arcy)
9053 <sect1 id="release-6-1-1">
9054 <title>Release 6.1.1</title>
9057 <title>Release date</title>
9058 <simpara>1997-07-22</simpara>
9062 <title>Migration from version 6.1 to version 6.1.1</title>
9065 This is a minor bug-fix release. A dump/reload is not required from version 6.1,
9066 but is required from any release prior to 6.1.
9067 Refer to the release notes for 6.1 for more details.
9072 <title>Changes</title>
9076 fix for SET with options (Thomas)
9077 allow pg_dump/pg_dumpall to preserve ownership of all tables/objects(Bruce)
9078 new psql \connect option allows changing usernames without changing databases
9079 fix for initdb --debug option(Yoshihiko Ichikawa))
9080 lextest cleanup(Bruce)
9082 fix date/time month boundary arithmetic(Thomas)
9083 fix timezone daylight handling for some ports(Thomas, Bruce, Tatsuo)
9084 timestamp overhauled to use standard functions(Thomas)
9085 other code cleanup in date/time routines(Thomas)
9086 psql's \d now case-insensitive(Bruce)
9087 psql's backslash commands can now have trailing semicolon(Bruce)
9088 fix memory leak in psql when using \g(Bruce)
9089 major fix for endian handling of communication to server(Thomas, Tatsuo)
9090 Fix for Solaris assembler and include files(Yoshihiko Ichikawa)
9091 allow underscores in usernames(Bruce)
9092 pg_dumpall now returns proper status, portability fix(Bruce)
9098 <sect1 id="release-6-1">
9099 <title>Release 6.1</title>
9102 <title>Release date</title>
9103 <simpara>1997-06-08</simpara>
9107 The regression tests have been adapted and extensively modified for the
9108 6.1 release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
9112 Three new data types (<type>datetime</type>, <type>timespan</type>, and <type>circle</type>) have been added to
9113 the native set of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> types. Points, boxes, paths, and polygons
9114 have had their output formats made consistent across the data types.
9115 The polygon output in misc.out has only been spot-checked for correctness
9116 relative to the original regression output.
9120 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 6.1 introduces a new, alternate
9121 optimizer which uses <firstterm>genetic</firstterm>
9122 algorithms. These algorithms introduce a random behavior in the ordering
9123 of query results when the query contains multiple qualifiers or multiple
9124 tables (giving the optimizer a choice on order of evaluation). Several
9125 regression tests have been modified to explicitly order the results, and
9126 hence are insensitive to optimizer choices. A few regression tests are
9127 for data types which are inherently unordered (e.g. points and time
9128 intervals) and tests involving those types are explicitly bracketed with
9129 <command>set geqo to 'off'</command> and <command>reset geqo</command>.
9133 The interpretation of array specifiers (the curly braces around atomic
9134 values) appears to have changed sometime after the original regression
9135 tests were generated. The current <filename>./expected/*.out</filename> files reflect this
9136 new interpretation, which may not be correct!
9140 The float8 regression test fails on at least some platforms. This is due
9141 to differences in implementations of <function>pow()</function> and <function>exp()</function> and the signaling
9142 mechanisms used for overflow and underflow conditions.
9146 The <quote>random</> results in the random test should cause the
9147 <quote>random</quote> test to be <quote>failed</quote>, since the
9148 regression tests are evaluated using a simple diff. However,
9149 <quote>random</> does not seem to produce random results on my test
9150 machine (Linux/<application>gcc</>/i686).
9154 <title>Migration to version 6.1</title>
9157 This migration requires a complete dump of the 6.0 database and a
9158 restore of the database in 6.1.
9161 Those migrating from earlier 1.* releases should first upgrade to 1.09
9162 because the COPY output format was improved from the 1.02 release.
9167 <title>Changes</title>
9173 packet length checking in library routines
9174 lock manager priority patch
9175 check for under/over flow of float8(Bruce)
9176 multitable join fix(Vadim)
9177 SIGPIPE crash fix(Darren)
9178 large object fixes(Sven)
9179 allow btree indexes to handle NULLs(Vadim)
9180 timezone fixes(D'Arcy)
9181 select SUM(x) can return NULL on no rows(Thomas)
9182 internal optimizer, executor bug fixes(Vadim)
9183 fix problem where inner loop in < or <= has no rows(Vadim)
9184 prevent re-commuting join index clauses(Vadim)
9185 fix join clauses for multiple tables(Vadim)
9186 fix hash, hashjoin for arrays(Vadim)
9187 fix btree for abstime type(Vadim)
9188 large object fixes(Raymond)
9189 fix buffer leak in hash indexes (Vadim)
9190 fix rtree for use in inner scan (Vadim)
9191 fix gist for use in inner scan, cleanups (Vadim, Andrea)
9192 avoid unnecessary local buffers allocation (Vadim, Massimo)
9193 fix local buffers leak in transaction aborts (Vadim)
9194 fix file manager memmory leaks, cleanups (Vadim, Massimo)
9195 fix storage manager memmory leaks (Vadim)
9196 fix btree duplicates handling (Vadim)
9197 fix deleted rows reincarnation caused by vacuum (Vadim)
9198 fix SELECT varchar()/char() INTO TABLE made zero-length fields(Bruce)
9199 many psql, pg_dump, and libpq memory leaks fixed using Purify (Igor)
9203 attribute optimization statistics(Bruce)
9204 much faster new btree bulk load code(Paul)
9205 BTREE UNIQUE added to bulk load code(Vadim)
9206 new lock debug code(Massimo)
9207 massive changes to libpg++(Leo)
9208 new GEQO optimizer speeds table multitable optimization(Martin)
9209 new WARN message for non-unique insert into unique key(Marc)
9210 update x=-3, no spaces, now valid(Bruce)
9211 remove case-sensitive identifier handling(Bruce,Thomas,Dan)
9212 debug backend now pretty-prints tree(Darren)
9213 new Oracle character functions(Edmund)
9214 new plaintext password functions(Dan)
9215 no such class or insufficient privilege changed to distinct messages(Dan)
9216 new ANSI timestamp function(Dan)
9217 new ANSI Time and Date types (Thomas)
9218 move large chunks of data in backend(Martin)
9219 multicolumn btree indexes(Vadim)
9220 new SET var TO value command(Martin)
9221 update transaction status on reads(Dan)
9222 new locale settings for character types(Oleg)
9223 new SEQUENCE serial number generator(Vadim)
9224 GROUP BY function now possible(Vadim)
9225 re-organize regression test(Thomas,Marc)
9226 new optimizer operation weights(Vadim)
9227 new psql \z grant/permit option(Marc)
9228 new MONEY data type(D'Arcy,Thomas)
9229 tcp socket communication speed improved(Vadim)
9230 new VACUUM option for attribute statistics, and for certain columns (Vadim)
9231 many geometric type improvements(Thomas,Keith)
9232 additional regression tests(Thomas)
9233 new datestyle variable(Thomas,Vadim,Martin)
9234 more comparison operators for sorting types(Thomas)
9235 new conversion functions(Thomas)
9236 new more compact btree format(Vadim)
9237 allow pg_dumpall to preserve database ownership(Bruce)
9238 new SET GEQO=# and R_PLANS variable(Vadim)
9239 old (!GEQO) optimizer can use right-sided plans (Vadim)
9240 typechecking improvement in SQL parser(Bruce)
9241 new SET, SHOW, RESET commands(Thomas,Vadim)
9242 new \connect database USER option
9243 new destroydb -i option (Igor)
9244 new \dt and \di psql commands (Darren)
9245 SELECT "\n" now escapes newline (A. Duursma)
9246 new geometry conversion functions from old format (Thomas)
9250 new configuration script(Marc)
9251 readline configuration option added(Marc)
9252 OS-specific configuration options removed(Marc)
9253 new OS-specific template files(Marc)
9254 no more need to edit Makefile.global(Marc)
9255 re-arrange include files(Marc)
9256 nextstep patches (Gregor Hoffleit)
9257 removed Windows-specific code(Bruce)
9258 removed postmaster -e option, now only postgres -e option (Bruce)
9259 merge duplicate library code in front/backends(Martin)
9260 now works with eBones, international Kerberos(Jun)
9261 more shared library support
9262 c++ include file cleanup(Bruce)
9263 warn about buggy flex(Bruce)
9264 DG/UX, Ultrix, IRIX, AIX portability fixes
9270 <sect1 id="release-6-0">
9271 <title>Release 6.0</title>
9274 <title>Release date</title>
9275 <simpara>1997-01-29</simpara>
9279 A dump/restore is required for those wishing to migrate data from
9280 previous releases of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
9284 <title>Migration from version 1.09 to version 6.0</title>
9287 This migration requires a complete dump of the 1.09 database and a
9288 restore of the database in 6.0.
9293 <title>Migration from pre-1.09 to version 6.0</title>
9296 Those migrating from earlier 1.* releases should first upgrade to 1.09
9297 because the COPY output format was improved from the 1.02 release.
9302 <title>Changes</title>
9308 ALTER TABLE bug - running postgress process needs to re-read table definition
9309 Allow vacuum to be run on one table or entire database(Bruce)
9311 Fix array over-runs of memory writes(Kurt)
9312 Fix elusive btree range/non-range bug(Dan)
9313 Fix for hash indexes on some types like time and date
9314 Fix for pg_log size explosion
9315 Fix permissions on lo_export()(Bruce)
9316 Fix unitialized reads of memory(Kurt)
9317 Fixed ALTER TABLE ... char(3) bug(Bruce)
9318 Fixed a few small memory leaks
9319 Fixed EXPLAIN handling of options and changed full_path option name
9320 Fixed output of group acl privileges
9321 Memory leaks (hunt and destroy with tools like Purify(Kurt)
9322 Minor improvements to rules system
9324 New asserts for run-checking
9325 Overhauled parser/analyze code to properly report errors and increase speed
9326 Pg_dump -d now handles NULL's properly(Bruce)
9327 Prevent SELECT NULL from crashing server (Bruce)
9328 Properly report errors when INSERT ... SELECT columns did not match
9329 Properly report errors when insert column names were not correct
9330 psql \g filename now works(Bruce)
9331 psql fixed problem with multiple statements on one line with multiple outputs
9332 Removed duplicate system OIDs
9333 SELECT * INTO TABLE . GROUP/ORDER BY gives unlink error if table exists(Bruce)
9334 Several fixes for queries that crashed the backend
9335 Starting quote in insert string errors(Bruce)
9336 Submitting an empty query now returns empty status, not just " " query(Bruce)
9340 Add EXPLAIN manual page(Bruce)
9341 Add UNIQUE index capability(Dan)
9342 Add hostname/user level access control rather than just hostname and user
9343 Add synonym of != for <>(Bruce)
9344 Allow "select oid,* from table"
9345 Allow BY,ORDER BY to specify columns by number, or by non-alias table.column(Bruce)
9346 Allow COPY from the frontend(Bryan)
9347 Allow GROUP BY to use alias column name(Bruce)
9348 Allow actual compression, not just reuse on the same page(Vadim)
9349 Allow installation-configuration option to auto-add all local users(Bryan)
9350 Allow libpq to distinguish between text value '' and null(Bruce)
9351 Allow non-postgres users with createdb privs to destroydb's
9352 Allow restriction on who can create C functions(Bryan)
9353 Allow restriction on who can do backend COPY(Bryan)
9354 Can shrink tables, pg_time and pg_log(Vadim & Erich)
9355 Change debug level 2 to print queries only, changed debug heading layout(Bruce)
9356 Change default decimal constant representation from float4 to float8(Bruce)
9357 European date format now set when postmaster is started
9358 Execute lowercase function names if not found with exact case
9359 Fixes for aggregate/GROUP processing, allow 'select sum(func(x),sum(x+y) from z'
9360 Gist now included in the distrubution(Marc)
9361 Idend authentication of local users(Bryan)
9362 Implement BETWEEN qualifier(Bruce)
9363 Implement IN qualifier(Bruce)
9364 libpq has PQgetisnull()(Bruce)
9365 libpq++ improvements
9366 New options to initdb(Bryan)
9367 Pg_dump allow dump of OIDs(Bruce)
9368 Pg_dump create indexes after tables are loaded for speed(Bruce)
9369 Pg_dumpall dumps all databases, and the user table
9370 Pginterface additions for NULL values(Bruce)
9371 Prevent postmaster from being run as root
9372 psql \h and \? is now readable(Bruce)
9373 psql allow backslashed, semicolons anywhere on the line(Bruce)
9374 psql changed command prompt for lines in query or in quotes(Bruce)
9375 psql char(3) now displays as (bp)char in \d output(Bruce)
9376 psql return code now more accurate(Bryan?)
9377 psql updated help syntax(Bruce)
9378 Re-visit and fix vacuum(Vadim)
9379 Reduce size of regression diffs, remove timezone name difference(Bruce)
9380 Remove compile-time parameters to enable binary distributions(Bryan)
9381 Reverse meaning of HBA masks(Bryan)
9382 Secure Authentication of local users(Bryan)
9383 Speed up vacuum(Vadim)
9384 Vacuum now had VERBOSE option(Bruce)
9388 All functions now have prototypes that are compared against the calls
9389 Allow asserts to be disabled easly from Makefile.global(Bruce)
9390 Change oid constants used in code to #define names
9391 Decoupled sparc and solaris defines(Kurt)
9392 Gcc -Wall compiles cleanly with warnings only from unfixable constructs
9393 Major include file reorganization/reduction(Marc)
9394 Make now stops on compile failure(Bryan)
9395 Makefile restructuring(Bryan, Marc)
9396 Merge bsdi_2_1 to bsdi(Bruce)
9397 Monitor program removed
9398 Name change from Postgres95 to PostgreSQL
9399 New config.h file(Marc, Bryan)
9400 PG_VERSION now set to 6.0 and used by postmaster
9401 Portability additions, including Ultrix, DG/UX, AIX, and Solaris
9402 Reduced the number of #define's, centeralized #define's
9403 Remove duplicate OIDS in system tables(Dan)
9404 Remove duplicate system catalog info or report mismatches(Dan)
9405 Removed many os-specific #define's
9406 Restructured object file generation/location(Bryan, Marc)
9407 Restructured port-specific file locations(Bryan, Marc)
9408 Unused/uninialized variables corrected
9414 <sect1 id="release-1-09">
9415 <title>Release 1.09</title>
9418 <title>Release date</title>
9419 <simpara>1996-11-04</simpara>
9423 Sorry, we didn't keep track of changes from 1.02 to 1.09. Some of
9424 the changes listed in 6.0 were actually included in the 1.02.1 to 1.09
9429 <sect1 id="release-1-02">
9430 <title>Release 1.02</title>
9433 <title>Release date</title>
9434 <simpara>1996-08-01</simpara>
9438 <title>Migration from version 1.02 to version 1.02.1</title>
9441 Here is a new migration file for 1.02.1. It includes the 'copy' change
9442 and a script to convert old <acronym>ASCII</acronym> files.
9446 The following notes are for the benefit of users who want to migrate
9447 databases from <productname>Postgres95</> 1.01 and 1.02 to <productname>Postgres95</> 1.02.1.
9450 If you are starting afresh with <productname>Postgres95</> 1.02.1 and do not need
9451 to migrate old databases, you do not need to read any further.
9456 In order to upgrade older <productname>Postgres95</> version 1.01 or 1.02 databases to
9457 version 1.02.1, the following steps are required:
9462 Start up a new 1.02.1 postmaster
9467 Add the new built-in functions and operators of 1.02.1 to 1.01 or 1.02
9468 databases. This is done by running the new 1.02.1 server against
9469 your own 1.01 or 1.02 database and applying the queries attached at
9470 the end of the file. This can be done easily through <command>psql</>. If your
9471 1.01 or 1.02 database is named <literal>testdb</literal> and you have cut the commands
9472 from the end of this file and saved them in <filename>addfunc.sql</filename>:
9474 % psql testdb -f addfunc.sql
9477 Those upgrading 1.02 databases will get a warning when executing the
9478 last two statements in the file because they are already present in 1.02. This is
9479 not a cause for concern.
9486 <title>Dump/Reload Procedure</title>
9489 If you are trying to reload a pg_dump or text-mode, <literal>copy tablename to
9490 stdout</literal> generated with a previous version, you will need to run the
9491 attached <command>sed</command> script on the ASCII file before loading it into the
9492 database. The old format used '.' as end-of-data, while '\.' is now the
9493 end-of-data marker. Also, empty strings are now loaded in as '' rather
9494 than NULL. See the copy manual page for full details.
9497 sed 's/^\.$/\\./g' <in_file >out_file
9501 If you are loading an older binary copy or non-<systemitem>stdout</> copy, there is no
9502 end-of-data character, and hence no conversion necessary.
9505 -- following lines added by agc to reflect the case-insensitive
9506 -- regexp searching for varchar (in 1.02), and bpchar (in 1.02.1)
9507 create operator ~* (leftarg = bpchar, rightarg = text, procedure = texticregexeq);
9508 create operator !~* (leftarg = bpchar, rightarg = text, procedure = texticregexne);
9509 create operator ~* (leftarg = varchar, rightarg = text, procedure = texticregexeq);
9510 create operator !~* (leftarg = varchar, rightarg = text, procedure = texticregexne);
9516 <title>Changes</title>
9520 Source code maintenance and development
9521 * worldwide team of volunteers
9522 * the source tree now in CVS at ftp.ki.net
9525 * psql (and underlying libpq library) now has many more options for
9526 formatting output, including HTML
9527 * pg_dump now output the schema and/or the data, with many fixes to
9528 enhance completeness.
9529 * psql used in place of monitor in administration shell scripts.
9530 monitor to be deprecated in next release.
9531 * date/time functions enhanced
9532 * NULL insert/update/comparison fixed/enhanced
9533 * TCL/TK lib and shell fixed to work with both tck7.4/tk4.0 and tcl7.5/tk4.1
9535 Bug Fixes (almost too numerous to mention)
9537 * storage management
9538 * check for NULL pointer before dereferencing
9542 * added SolarisX86 port
9543 * added BSD/OS 2.1 port
9548 Contributors (appologies to any missed)
9549 * Kurt J. Lidl <lidl@va.pubnix.com>
9550 (missed in first run, but no less important)
9551 * Erich Stamberger <eberger@gewi.kfunigraz.ac.at>
9552 * Jason Wright <jason@shiloh.vnet.net>
9553 * Cees de Groot <C.deGroot@inter.NL.net>
9554 * ernst.molitor@uni-bonn.de
9555 * michael.siebenborn@ae3.Hypo.DE (Michael Siebenborn (6929))
9556 * Brian E. Gallew <geek+@cmu.edu>
9557 * Vadim B. Mikheev <vadim@sable.krasnoyarsk.su>
9558 * Adam Sussman <myddryn@vidya.com>
9559 * Chris Dunlop <chris@onthe.net.au>
9560 * Marc G. Fournier <scrappy@ki.net>
9561 * Dan McGuirk <mcguirk@indirect.com>
9562 * Dr_George_D_Detlefsen <drgeorge@ilt.com>
9563 * Erich Stamberger <eberger@gewi.kfunigraz.ac.at>
9564 * Massimo Dal Zotto <dz@cs.unitn.it>
9565 * Randy Kunkee <kunkee@Starbase.NeoSoft.COM>
9566 * Rick Weldon <rick@wisetech.com>
9567 * Thomas van Reimersdahl <reimersd@dali.techinfo.rwth-aachen.de>
9568 * david bennett <dave@bensoft.com>
9569 * ernst.molitor@uni-bonn.de
9570 * Julian Assange <proff@suburbia.net>
9571 * Bruce Momjian <pgman@candle.pha.pa.us>
9572 * Paul "Shag" Walmsley <ccshag@cclabs.missouri.edu>
9573 * "Alistair G. Crooks" <azcb0@sde.uts.amdahl.com>
9578 <sect1 id="release-1-01">
9579 <title>Release 1.01</title>
9582 <title>Release date</title>
9583 <simpara>1996-02-23</simpara>
9588 <title>Migration from version 1.0 to version 1.01</title>
9591 The following notes are for the benefit of users who want to migrate
9592 databases from <productname>Postgres95</> 1.0 to <productname>Postgres95</> 1.01.
9595 If you are starting afresh with <productname>Postgres95</> 1.01 and do not need
9596 to migrate old databases, you do not need to read any further.
9599 In order to <productname>Postgres95</> version 1.01 with databases created with
9600 <productname>Postgres95</> version 1.0, the following steps are required:
9605 Set the definition of <symbol>NAMEDATALEN</symbol> in <filename>src/Makefile.global</filename> to 16
9606 and <symbol>OIDNAMELEN</symbol> to 20.
9611 Decide whether you want to use Host based authentication.
9616 If you do, you must create a file name <literal>pg_hba</literal> in your top-level data
9617 directory (typically the value of your <envar>$PGDATA</envar>). <filename>src/libpq/pg_hba</filename>
9618 shows an example syntax.
9623 If you do not want host-based authentication, you can comment out
9628 in <filename>src/Makefile.global</filename>
9631 Note that host-based authentication is turned on by default, and if
9632 you do not take steps A or B above, the out-of-the-box 1.01 will
9633 not allow you to connect to 1.0 databases.
9641 Compile and install 1.01, but DO NOT do the <command>initdb</command> step.
9646 Before doing anything else, terminate your 1.0 postmaster, and
9647 backup your existing <envar>$PGDATA</envar> directory.
9652 Set your <envar>PGDATA</envar> environment variable to your 1.0 databases, but set up
9653 path up so that 1.01 binaries are being used.
9658 Modify the file <filename><envar>$PGDATA</envar>/PG_VERSION</filename> from 5.0 to 5.1
9663 Start up a new 1.01 postmaster
9668 Add the new built-in functions and operators of 1.01 to 1.0
9669 databases. This is done by running the new 1.01 server against
9670 your own 1.0 database and applying the queries attached and saving
9671 in the file 1.0_to_1.01.sql. This can be done easily through <command>psql</command>.
9672 If your 1.0 database is name <literal>testdb</literal>:
9675 % psql testdb -f 1.0_to_1.01.sql
9678 and then execute the following commands (cut and paste from here):
9681 -- add builtin functions that are new to 1.01
9683 create function int4eqoid (int4, oid) returns bool as 'foo'
9684 language 'internal';
9685 create function oideqint4 (oid, int4) returns bool as 'foo'
9686 language 'internal';
9687 create function char2icregexeq (char2, text) returns bool as 'foo'
9688 language 'internal';
9689 create function char2icregexne (char2, text) returns bool as 'foo'
9690 language 'internal';
9691 create function char4icregexeq (char4, text) returns bool as 'foo'
9692 language 'internal';
9693 create function char4icregexne (char4, text) returns bool as 'foo'
9694 language 'internal';
9695 create function char8icregexeq (char8, text) returns bool as 'foo'
9696 language 'internal';
9697 create function char8icregexne (char8, text) returns bool as 'foo'
9698 language 'internal';
9699 create function char16icregexeq (char16, text) returns bool as 'foo'
9700 language 'internal';
9701 create function char16icregexne (char16, text) returns bool as 'foo'
9702 language 'internal';
9703 create function texticregexeq (text, text) returns bool as 'foo'
9704 language 'internal';
9705 create function texticregexne (text, text) returns bool as 'foo'
9706 language 'internal';
9708 -- add builtin functions that are new to 1.01
9710 create operator = (leftarg = int4, rightarg = oid, procedure = int4eqoid);
9711 create operator = (leftarg = oid, rightarg = int4, procedure = oideqint4);
9712 create operator ~* (leftarg = char2, rightarg = text, procedure = char2icregexeq);
9713 create operator !~* (leftarg = char2, rightarg = text, procedure = char2icregexne);
9714 create operator ~* (leftarg = char4, rightarg = text, procedure = char4icregexeq);
9715 create operator !~* (leftarg = char4, rightarg = text, procedure = char4icregexne);
9716 create operator ~* (leftarg = char8, rightarg = text, procedure = char8icregexeq);
9717 create operator !~* (leftarg = char8, rightarg = text, procedure = char8icregexne);
9718 create operator ~* (leftarg = char16, rightarg = text, procedure = char16icregexeq);
9719 create operator !~* (leftarg = char16, rightarg = text, procedure = char16icregexne);
9720 create operator ~* (leftarg = text, rightarg = text, procedure = texticregexeq);
9721 create operator !~* (leftarg = text, rightarg = text, procedure = texticregexne);
9729 <title>Changes</title>
9734 * 1.01 is backwards compatible with 1.0 database provided the user
9735 follow the steps outlined in the MIGRATION_from_1.0_to_1.01 file.
9736 If those steps are not taken, 1.01 is not compatible with 1.0 database.
9739 * added PQdisplayTuples() to libpq and changed monitor and psql to use it
9740 * added NeXT port (requires SysVIPC implementation)
9741 * added CAST .. AS ... syntax
9742 * added ASC and DESC key words
9743 * added 'internal' as a possible language for CREATE FUNCTION
9744 internal functions are C functions which have been statically linked
9745 into the postgres backend.
9746 * a new type "name" has been added for system identifiers (table names,
9747 attribute names, etc.) This replaces the old char16 type. The
9748 of name is set by the NAMEDATALEN #define in src/Makefile.global
9749 * a readable reference manual that describes the query language.
9750 * added host-based access control. A configuration file ($PGDATA/pg_hba)
9751 is used to hold the configuration data. If host-based access control
9752 is not desired, comment out HBA=1 in src/Makefile.global.
9753 * changed regex handling to be uniform use of Henry Spencer's regex code
9754 regardless of platform. The regex code is included in the distribution
9755 * added functions and operators for case-insensitive regular expressions.
9756 The operators are ~* and !~*.
9757 * pg_dump uses COPY instead of SELECT loop for better performance
9760 * fixed an optimizer bug that was causing core dumps when
9761 functions calls were used in comparisons in the WHERE clause
9762 * changed all uses of getuid to geteuid so that effective uids are used
9763 * psql now returns non-zero status on errors when using -c
9764 * applied public patches 1-14
9770 <sect1 id="release-1-0">
9771 <title>Release 1.0</title>
9774 <title>Release date</title>
9775 <simpara>1995-09-05</simpara>
9779 <title>Changes</title>
9784 * The copyright of <productname>Postgres</productname> 1.0 has been loosened to be freely modifiable
9785 and modifiable for any purpose. Please read the COPYRIGHT file.
9786 Thanks to Professor Michael Stonebraker for making this possible.
9789 * date formats have to be MM-DD-YYYY (or DD-MM-YYYY if you're using
9790 EUROPEAN STYLE). This follows SQL-92 specs.
9791 * "delimiters" is now a key word
9794 * sql LIKE syntax has been added
9795 * copy command now takes an optional USING DELIMITER specification.
9796 delimiters can be any single-character string.
9797 * IRIX 5.3 port has been added.
9798 Thanks to Paul Walmsley and others.
9799 * updated pg_dump to work with new libpq
9800 * \d has been added psql
9801 Thanks to Keith Parks
9802 * regexp performance for architectures that use POSIX regex has been
9803 improved due to caching of precompiled patterns.
9804 Thanks to Alistair Crooks
9805 * a new version of libpq++
9806 Thanks to William Wanders
9809 * arbitrary userids can be specified in the createuser script
9810 * \c to connect to other databases in psql now works.
9811 * bad pg_proc entry for float4inc() is fixed
9812 * users with usecreatedb field set can now create databases without
9813 having to be usesuper
9814 * remove access control entries when the entry no longer has any
9816 * fixed non-portable datetimes implementation
9817 * added kerberos flags to the src/backend/Makefile
9818 * libpq now works with kerberos
9819 * typographic errors in the user manual have been corrected.
9820 * btrees with multiple index never worked, now we tell you they don't
9821 work when you try to use them
9827 <sect1 id="release-0-03">
9828 <title><productname>Postgres95</productname> Release 0.03</title>
9831 <title>Release date</title>
9832 <simpara>1995-07-21</simpara>
9836 <title>Changes</title>
9839 Incompatible changes:
9840 * BETA-0.3 IS INCOMPATIBLE WITH DATABASES CREATED WITH PREVIOUS VERSIONS
9841 (due to system catalog changes and indexing structure changes).
9842 * double-quote (") is deprecated as a quoting character for string literals;
9843 you need to convert them to single quotes ('). <!-- " -->
9844 * name of aggregates (eg. int4sum) are renamed in accordance with the
9845 SQL standard (eg. sum).
9846 * CHANGE ACL syntax is replaced by GRANT/REVOKE syntax.
9847 * float literals (eg. 3.14) are now of type float4 (instead of float8 in
9848 previous releases); you might have to do typecasting if you depend on it
9849 being of type float8. If you neglect to do the typecasting and you assign
9850 a float literal to a field of type float8, you may get incorrect values
9852 * LIBPQ has been totally revamped so that frontend applications
9853 can connect to multiple backends
9854 * the usesysid field in pg_user has been changed from int2 to int4 to
9855 allow wider range of Unix user ids.
9856 * the netbsd/freebsd/bsd o/s ports have been consolidated into a
9857 single BSD44_derived port. (thanks to Alistair Crooks)
9859 SQL standard-compliance (the following details changes that makes postgres95
9860 more compliant to the SQL-92 standard):
9861 * the following SQL types are now built-in: smallint, int(eger), float, real,
9862 char(N), varchar(N), date and time.
9864 The following are aliases to existing postgres types:
9866 integer, int -> int4
9867 float, real -> float4
9868 char(N) and varchar(N) are implemented as truncated text types. In
9869 addition, char(N) does blank-padding.
9870 * single-quote (') is used for quoting string literals; '' (in addition to
9871 \') is supported as means of inserting a single quote in a string
9872 * SQL standard aggregate names (MAX, MIN, AVG, SUM, COUNT) are used
9873 (Also, aggregates can now be overloaded, i.e. you can define your
9874 own MAX aggregate to take in a user-defined type.)
9875 * CHANGE ACL removed. GRANT/REVOKE syntax added.
9876 - Privileges can be given to a group using the "GROUP" key word.
9878 GRANT SELECT ON foobar TO GROUP my_group;
9879 The key word 'PUBLIC' is also supported to mean all users.
9881 Privileges can only be granted or revoked to one user or group
9884 "WITH GRANT OPTION" is not supported. Only class owners can change
9886 - The default access control is to to grant users readonly access.
9887 You must explicitly grant insert/update access to users. To change
9888 this, modify the line in
9889 src/backend/utils/acl.h
9890 that defines ACL_WORLD_DEFAULT
9893 * the bug where aggregates of empty tables were not run has been fixed. Now,
9894 aggregates run on empty tables will return the initial conditions of the
9895 aggregates. Thus, COUNT of an empty table will now properly return 0.
9896 MAX/MIN of an empty table will return a row of value NULL.
9897 * allow the use of \; inside the monitor
9898 * the LISTEN/NOTIFY asynchronous notification mechanism now work
9899 * NOTIFY in rule action bodies now work
9900 * hash indexes work, and access methods in general should perform better.
9901 creation of large btree indexes should be much faster. (thanks to Paul
9904 Other changes and enhancements:
9905 * addition of an EXPLAIN statement used for explaining the query execution
9906 plan (eg. "EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM EMP" prints out the execution plan for
9908 * WARN and NOTICE messages no longer have timestamps on them. To turn on
9909 timestamps of error messages, uncomment the line in
9910 src/backend/utils/elog.h:
9911 /* define ELOG_TIMESTAMPS */
9912 * On an access control violation, the message
9913 "Either no such class or insufficient privilege"
9914 will be given. This is the same message that is returned when
9915 a class is not found. This dissuades non-privileged users from
9916 guessing the existence of privileged classes.
9917 * some additional system catalog changes have been made that are not
9918 visible to the user.
9921 * The -oid option has been added to the "pg_result" tcl command.
9922 pg_result -oid returns oid of the last row inserted. If the
9923 last command was not an INSERT, then pg_result -oid returns "".
9924 * the large object interface is available as pg_lo* tcl commands:
9925 pg_lo_open, pg_lo_close, pg_lo_creat, etc.
9927 Portability enhancements and New Ports:
9928 * flex/lex problems have been cleared up. Now, you should be able to use
9929 flex instead of lex on any platforms. We no longer make assumptions of
9930 what lexer you use based on the platform you use.
9931 * The Linux-ELF port is now supported. Various configuration have been
9932 tested: The following configuration is known to work:
9933 kernel 1.2.10, gcc 2.6.3, libc 4.7.2, flex 2.5.2, bison 1.24
9934 with everything in ELF format,
9937 * ipcclean added to the distribution
9938 ipcclean usually does not need to be run, but if your backend crashes
9939 and leaves shared memory segments hanging around, ipcclean will
9940 clean them up for you.
9943 * the user manual has been revised and libpq documentation added.
9949 <sect1 id="release-0-02">
9950 <title><productname>Postgres95</productname> Release 0.02</title>
9953 <title>Release date</title>
9954 <simpara>1995-05-25</simpara>
9958 <title>Changes</title>
9962 Incompatible changes:
9963 * The SQL statement for creating a database is 'CREATE DATABASE' instead
9964 of 'CREATEDB'. Similarly, dropping a database is 'DROP DATABASE' instead
9965 of 'DESTROYDB'. However, the names of the executables 'createdb' and
9966 'destroydb' remain the same.
9969 * pgperl - a Perl (4.036) interface to Postgres95
9970 * pg_dump - a utility for dumping out a postgres database into a
9971 script file containing query commands. The script files are in a ASCII
9972 format and can be used to reconstruct the database, even on other
9973 machines and other architectures. (Also good for converting
9974 a Postgres 4.2 database to Postgres95 database.)
9976 The following ports have been incorporated into postgres95-beta-0.02:
9977 * the NetBSD port by Alistair Crooks
9978 * the AIX port by Mike Tung
9979 * the Windows NT port by Jon Forrest (more stuff but not done yet)
9980 * the Linux ELF port by Brian Gallew
9982 The following bugs have been fixed in postgres95-beta-0.02:
9983 * new lines not escaped in COPY OUT and problem with COPY OUT when first
9985 * cannot type return to use the default user id in createuser
9986 * SELECT DISTINCT on big tables crashes
9987 * Linux installation problems
9988 * monitor doesn't allow use of 'localhost' as PGHOST
9989 * psql core dumps when doing \c or \l
9990 * the "pgtclsh" target missing from src/bin/pgtclsh/Makefile
9991 * libpgtcl has a hard-wired default port number
9992 * SELECT DISTINCT INTO TABLE hangs
9993 * CREATE TYPE doesn't accept 'variable' as the internallength
9994 * wrong result using more than 1 aggregate in a SELECT
10000 <sect1 id="release-0-01">
10001 <title><productname>Postgres95</productname> Release 0.01</title>
10004 <title>Release date</title>
10005 <simpara>1995-05-01</simpara>
10014 <sect1 id="timing-results">
10015 <title>Timing Results</title>
10018 These timing results are from running the regression test with the commands
10021 % cd src/test/regress
10023 % time make runtest
10027 Timing under Linux 2.0.27 seems to have a roughly 5% variation from run
10028 to run, presumably due to the scheduling vagaries of multitasking systems.
10032 <title>Version 6.5</title>
10035 As has been the case for previous releases, timing between
10036 releases is not directly comparable since new regression tests
10037 have been added. In general, 6.5 is faster than previous
10042 Timing with <function>fsync()</function> disabled:
10046 02:00 Dual Pentium Pro 180, 224MB, UW-SCSI, Linux 2.0.36, gcc 2.7.2.3 -O2 -m486
10047 04:38 Sparc Ultra 1 143MHz, 64MB, Solaris 2.6
10052 Timing with <function>fsync()</function> enabled:
10056 04:21 Dual Pentium Pro 180, 224MB, UW-SCSI, Linux 2.0.36, gcc 2.7.2.3 -O2 -m486
10059 For the <systemitem class="osname">Linux</systemitem> system above, using <acronym>UW-SCSI</acronym> disks rather than (older) <acronym>IDE</acronym>
10060 disks leads to a 50% improvement in speed on the regression test.
10065 <title>Version 6.4beta</title>
10068 The times for this release are not directly comparable to those for previous releases
10069 since some additional regression tests have been included.
10070 In general, however, 6.4 should be slightly faster than the previous release (thanks, Bruce!).
10075 02:26 Dual Pentium Pro 180, 96MB, UW-SCSI, Linux 2.0.30, gcc 2.7.2.1 -O2 -m486
10081 <title>Version 6.3</title>
10084 The times for this release are not directly comparable to those for previous releases
10085 since some additional regression tests have been included and some obsolete tests involving
10086 time travel have been removed.
10087 In general, however, 6.3 is substantially faster than previous releases (thanks, Bruce!).
10092 02:30 Dual Pentium Pro 180, 96MB, UW-SCSI, Linux 2.0.30, gcc 2.7.2.1 -O2 -m486
10093 04:12 Dual Pentium Pro 180, 96MB, EIDE, Linux 2.0.30, gcc 2.7.2.1 -O2 -m486
10099 <title>Version 6.1</title>
10104 06:12 Pentium Pro 180, 32MB, EIDE, Linux 2.0.30, gcc 2.7.2 -O2 -m486
10105 12:06 P-100, 48MB, Linux 2.0.29, gcc
10106 39:58 Sparc IPC 32MB, Solaris 2.5, gcc 2.7.2.1 -O -g
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projects / postgresql / blob