2 $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/release.sgml,v 1.322 2005/01/22 22:06:17 momjian Exp $
5 <appendix id="release">
6 <title>Release Notes</title>
8 <sect1 id="release-8-0">
9 <title>Release 8.0</title>
12 <title>Release date</title>
13 <simpara>2005-01-19</simpara>
17 <title>Overview</title>
20 Major changes in this release:
25 Microsoft Windows Native Server
30 This is the first <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> release
31 to run natively on <trademark class=registered>Microsoft Windows</> as
32 a server. It can run as a <productname>Windows</> service. This
33 release supports NT-based Windows releases like
34 <productname>Windows 2000</>, <productname>Windows XP</>, and
35 <productname>Windows 2003</>. Older releases like
36 <productname>Windows 95</>, <productname>Windows 98</>, and
37 <productname>Windows ME</> are not supported because these operating
38 systems do not have the infrastructure to support
39 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>. A separate installer
40 project has been created to ease installation on
41 <productname>Windows</> — see <ulink
42 url="http://pgfoundry.org/projects/pginstaller">
43 http://pgfoundry.org/projects/pginstaller</ulink>.
47 Although tested throughout our release cycle, the Windows port
48 does not have the benefit of years of use in production
49 environments that <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> has on
50 Unix platforms. Therefore it should be treated with the same
51 level of caution as you would a new product.
55 Previous releases required the Unix emulation toolkit
56 <productname>Cygwin</> in order to run the server on Windows
57 operating systems. <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> has
58 supported native clients on Windows for many years.
70 Savepoints allow specific parts of a transaction to be aborted
71 without affecting the remainder of the transaction. Prior
72 releases had no such capability; there was no way to recover
73 from a statement failure within a transaction except by
74 aborting the whole transaction. This feature is valuable for
75 application writers who require error recovery within a
83 Point-In-Time Recovery
88 In previous releases there was no way to recover from disk
89 drive failure except to restore from a previous backup or use
90 a standby replication server. Point-in-time recovery allows
91 continuous backup of the server. You can recover either to
92 the point of failure or to some transaction in the past.
104 Tablespaces allow administrators to select different file systems
105 for storage of individual tables, indexes, and databases.
106 This improves performance and control over disk space
107 usage. Prior releases used <application>initlocation</> and
108 manual symlink management for such tasks.
115 Improved Buffer Management, <command>CHECKPOINT</command>,
116 <command>VACUUM</command>
121 This release has a more intelligent buffer replacement strategy,
122 which will make better use of available shared buffers and
123 improve performance. The performance impact of vacuum and
124 checkpoints is also lessened.
136 A column's data type can now be changed with <command>ALTER
144 New Perl Server-Side Language
149 A new version of the <application>plperl</> server-side language now
150 supports a persistent shared storage area, triggers, returning records
151 and arrays of records, and SPI calls to access the database.
158 Comma-separated-value (CSV) support in <command>COPY</command>
163 <command>COPY</command> can now read and write
164 comma-separated-value files. It has the flexibility to
165 interpret non-standard quoting and separation characters too.
175 <title>Migration to version 8.0</title>
178 A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application> is
179 required for those wishing to migrate data from any previous
184 Observe the following incompatibilities:
190 In <option>READ COMMITTED</> serialization mode, volatile functions
191 now see the results of concurrent transactions committed up to the
192 beginning of each statement within the function, rather than up to the
193 beginning of the interactive command that called the function.
199 Functions declared <option>STABLE</> or <option>IMMUTABLE</> always
200 use the snapshot of the calling query, and therefore do not see the
201 effects of actions taken after the calling query starts, whether in
202 their own transaction or other transactions. Such a function must be
203 read-only, too, meaning that it cannot use any SQL commands other than
210 Non-deferred <option>AFTER</> triggers are now fired immediately
211 after completion of the triggering query, rather than upon
212 finishing the current interactive command. This makes a
213 difference when the triggering query occurred within a function:
214 the trigger is invoked before the function proceeds to its next
221 Server configuration parameters <varname>virtual_host</> and
222 <varname>tcpip_socket</> have been replaced with a more general
223 parameter <varname>listen_addresses</>. Also, the server now listens on
224 <literal>localhost</> by default, which eliminates the need for the
225 <literal>-i</> postmaster switch in many scenarios.
231 Server configuration parameters <varname>SortMem</> and
232 <varname>VacuumMem</> have been renamed to <varname>work_mem</>
233 and <varname>maintenance_work_mem</> to better reflect their
234 use. The original names are still supported in
235 <command>SET</command> and <command>SHOW</command>.
241 Server configuration parameters <varname>log_pid</>,
242 <varname>log_timestamp</>, and <varname>log_source_port</> have been
243 replaced with a more general parameter <varname>log_line_prefix</>.
249 Server configuration parameter <varname>syslog</> has been
250 replaced with a more logical <varname>log_destination</> variable to
251 control the log output destination.
257 Server configuration parameter <varname>log_statement</> has been
258 changed so it can selectively log just database modification or
259 data definition statements. Server configuration parameter
260 <varname>log_duration</> now prints only when <varname>log_statement</>
267 Server configuration parameter <varname>max_expr_depth</> parameter has
268 been replaced with <varname>max_stack_depth</> which measures the
269 physical stack size rather than the expression nesting depth. This
270 helps prevent session termination due to stack overflow caused by
277 The <function>length()</> function no longer counts trailing spaces in
278 <type>CHAR(n)</> values.
284 Casting an integer to <type>BIT(N)</> selects the rightmost N bits of the
285 integer, not the leftmost N bits as before.
291 Updating an element or slice of a NULL array value now produces
292 a non-NULL array result, namely an array containing
293 just the assigned-to positions.
299 Syntax checking of array input values has been tightened up
300 considerably. Junk that was previously allowed in odd places with
301 odd results now causes an error. Empty-string element values
302 must now be written as <literal>""</>, rather than writing nothing.
303 Also changed behavior with respect to whitespace surrounding
304 array elements: trailing whitespace is now ignored, for symmetry
305 with leading whitespace (which has always been ignored).
311 Overflow in integer arithmetic operations is now detected and
312 reported as an error.
318 The arithmetic operators associated with the single-byte
319 <type>"char"</> data type have been removed.
325 The <function>extract()</> function (also called
326 <function>date_part</>) now returns the proper year for BC dates.
327 It previously returned one less than the correct year. The
328 function now also returns the proper values for millennium and
335 <type>CIDR</> values now must have their non-masked bits be zero.
336 For example, we no longer allow
337 <literal>204.248.199.1/31</literal> as a <type>CIDR</> value. Such
338 values should never have been accepted by
339 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> and will now be rejected.
345 <command>EXECUTE</command> now returns a completion tag that
346 matches the executed statement.
352 <application>psql</>'s <command>\copy</> command now reads or
353 writes to the query's <literal>stdin/stdout</>, rather than
354 <application>psql</>'s <literal>stdin/stdout</>. The previous
355 behavior can be accessed via new
356 <option>pstdin</>/<option>pstdout</> parameters.
362 The JDBC client interface has been removed from the core
363 distribution, and is now hosted at <ulink url=
364 "http://jdbc.postgresql.org">http://jdbc.postgresql.org</ulink>.
370 The Tcl client interface has also been removed. There are several
371 Tcl interfaces now hosted at <ulink url=
372 "http://gborg.postgresql.org">http://gborg.postgresql.org</ulink>.
378 The server now uses its own time zone database, rather than the
379 one supplied by the operating system. This will provide consistent
380 behavior across all platforms. In most cases, there should be
381 little noticeable difference in time zone behavior, except that
382 the time zone names used by <command>SET</>/<command>SHOW</>
383 <varname>TimeZone</> may
384 be different from what your platform provides.
390 <application>Configure</>'s threading option no longer requires
391 users to run tests or edit configuration files; threading options
392 are now detected automatically.
398 Now that tablespaces have been implemented,
399 <application>initlocation</> has been removed.
408 <title>Deprecated Features</title>
411 Some aspects of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>'s behavior
412 have been determined to be suboptimal. For the sake of backward
413 compatibility these have not been removed in 8.0, but they are
414 considered deprecated and will be removed in the next major
421 The 8.1 release will remove the function
422 <function>to_char(interval, text)</>.
428 The server now warns of empty strings passed to
429 <type>oid</type>/<type>float4</type>/<type>float8</type> data
430 types, but continues to interpret them as zeroes as before.
431 In the next major release, empty strings will be considered
432 invalid input for these data types.
438 By default, tables in <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 8.0
439 and earlier are created with <type>OID</>s. In the next release,
440 this will <emphasis>not</emphasis> be the case: to create a table
441 that contains <type>OID</>s, the <option>WITH OIDS</> clause must
442 be specified or the <varname>default_with_oids</varname>
443 configuration parameter must be set. Users are encouraged to
444 explicitly specify <option>WITH OIDS</> if their tables
445 require OIDs for compatibility with future releases of
446 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
453 <title>Changes</title>
456 Below you will find a detailed account of the changes between
457 release 8.0 and the previous major release.
461 <title>Performance Improvements</title>
466 Support cross-data-type index usage (Tom)
469 Before this change, many queries would not use an index if the data
470 types did not match exactly. This improvement makes index usage more
471 intuitive and consistent.
477 New buffer replacement strategy that improves caching (Jan)
480 Prior releases used a least-recently-used (LRU) cache to keep
481 recently referenced pages in memory. The LRU algorithm
482 did not consider the number of times a specific cache entry was
483 accessed, so large table scans could force out useful cache pages.
484 The new cache algorithm uses four separate lists to track most
485 recently used and most frequently used cache pages and dynamically
486 optimize their replacement based on the work load. This should
487 lead to much more efficient use of the shared buffer cache.
488 Administrators who have tested shared buffer sizes in the past
489 should retest with this new cache replacement policy.
495 Add subprocess to write dirty buffers periodically to reduce
496 checkpoint writes (Jan)
499 In previous releases, the checkpoint process, which runs every few
500 minutes, would write all dirty buffers to the operating system's
501 buffer cache then flush all dirty operating system buffers to
502 disk. This resulted in a periodic spike in disk usage that often
503 hurt performance. The new code uses a background writer to trickle
504 disk writes at a steady pace so checkpoints have far fewer dirty
505 pages to write to disk. Also, the new code does not issue a global
506 <function>sync()</> call, but instead <function>fsync()</>s just
507 the files written since the last checkpoint. This should improve
508 performance and minimize degradation during checkpoints.
514 Add ability to prolong vacuum to reduce performance impact (Jan)
517 On busy systems, <command>VACUUM</command> performs many I/O
518 requests which can hurt performance for other users. This
519 release allows you to slow down <command>VACUUM</command> to
520 reduce its impact on other users, though this increases the
521 total duration of <command>VACUUM</command>.
527 Improve B-tree index performance for duplicate keys (Dmitry Tkach, Tom)
530 This improves the way indexes are scanned when many duplicate
531 values exist in the index.
537 Use dynamically-generated table size estimates while planning (Tom)
540 Formerly the planner estimated table sizes using the values seen
541 by the last <command>VACUUM</command> or <command>ANALYZE</command>,
542 both as to physical table size (number of pages) and number of rows.
543 Now, the current physical table size is obtained from the kernel,
544 and the number of rows is estimated by multiplying the table size
545 by the row density (rows per page) seen by the last
546 <command>VACUUM</command> or <command>ANALYZE</command>. This should
547 produce more reliable estimates in cases where the table size has
548 changed significantly since the last housekeeping command.
554 Improved index usage with <literal>OR</> clauses (Tom)
557 This allows the optimizer to use indexes in statements with many OR
558 clauses that would not have been indexed in the past. It can also use
559 multi-column indexes where the first column is specified and the second
560 column is part of an <literal>OR</> clause.
566 Improve matching of partial index clauses (Tom)
569 The server is now smarter about using partial indexes in queries
570 involving complex <option>WHERE</> clauses.
576 Improve performance of the GEQO optimizer (Tom)
579 The GEQO optimizer is used to plan queries involving many tables (by
580 default, twelve or more). This release speeds up the way queries are
581 analyzed to decrease time spent in optimization.
587 Miscellaneous optimizer improvements
590 There is not room here to list all the minor improvements made, but
591 numerous special cases work better than in prior releases.
597 Improve lookup speed for C functions (Tom)
600 This release uses a hash table to lookup information for dynamically
601 loaded C functions. This improves their speed so they perform nearly as
602 quickly as functions that are built into the server executable.
608 Add type-specific <command>ANALYZE</command> statistics
609 capability (Mark Cave-Ayland)
612 This feature allows more flexibility in generating statistics
613 for non-standard data types.
619 <command>ANALYZE</command> now collects statistics for
620 expression indexes (Tom)
623 Expression indexes (also called functional indexes) allow users to
624 index not just columns but the results of expressions and function
625 calls. With this release, the optimizer can gather and use statistics
626 about the contents of expression indexes. This will greatly improve
627 the quality of planning for queries in which an expression index is
634 New two-stage sampling method for <command>ANALYZE</command>
638 This gives better statistics when the density of valid rows is very
639 different in different regions of a table.
645 Speed up <command>TRUNCATE</command> (Tom)
648 This buys back some of the performance loss observed in 7.4, while still
649 keeping <command>TRUNCATE</command> transaction-safe.
658 <title>Server Changes</title>
663 Add WAL file archiving and point-in-time recovery (Simon Riggs)
669 Add tablespaces so admins can control disk layout (Gavin)
675 Add a built-in log rotation program (Andreas Pflug)
678 It is now possible to log server messages conveniently without
679 relying on either <application>syslog</> or an external log
686 Add new read-only server configuration parameters to show server
687 compile-time settings: <varname>block_size</>,
688 <varname>integer_datetimes</>, <varname>max_function_args</>,
689 <varname>max_identifier_length</>, <varname>max_index_keys</> (Joe)
695 Make quoting of <literal>sameuser</>, <literal>samegroup</>, and
696 <literal>all</> remove special meaning of these terms in
697 <filename>pg_hba.conf</> (Andrew)
703 Use clearer IPv6 name <literal>::1/128</> for
704 <literal>localhost</> in default <filename>pg_hba.conf</> (Andrew)
710 Use CIDR format in <filename>pg_hba.conf</> examples (Andrew)
716 Rename server configuration parameters <varname>SortMem</> and
717 <varname>VacuumMem</> to <varname>work_mem</> and
718 <varname>maintenance_work_mem</> (Old names still supported) (Tom)
721 This change was made to clarify that bulk operations such as index and
722 foreign key creation use <varname>maintenance_work_mem</>, while
723 <varname>work_mem</> is for workspaces used during query execution.
729 Allow logging of session disconnections using server configuration
730 <varname>log_disconnections</> (Andrew)
736 Add new server configuration parameter <varname>log_line_prefix</> to
737 allow control of information emitted in each log line (Andrew)
740 Available information includes user name, database name, remote IP
741 address, and session start time.
747 Remove server configuration parameters <varname>log_pid</>,
748 <varname>log_timestamp</>, <varname>log_source_port</>; functionality
749 superseded by <varname>log_line_prefix</> (Andrew)
755 Replace the <varname>virtual_host</> and <varname>tcpip_socket</>
756 parameters with a unified <varname>listen_addresses</> parameter
760 <varname>virtual_host</> could only specify a single IP address to
761 listen on. <varname>listen_addresses</> allows multiple addresses
768 Listen on localhost by default, which eliminates the need for the
769 <option>-i</> postmaster switch in many scenarios (Andrew)
772 Listening on localhost (<literal>127.0.0.1</>) opens no new
773 security holes but allows configurations like Windows and JDBC,
774 which do not support local sockets, to work without special
781 Remove <varname>syslog</> server configuration parameter, and add more
782 logical <varname>log_destination</> variable to control log output
789 Change server configuration parameter <varname>log_statement</> to take
790 values <varname>all</>, <varname>mod</>, <varname>ddl</>, or
791 <varname>none</> to select which queries are logged (Bruce)
794 This allows administrators to log only data definition changes or
795 only data modification statements.
801 Some logging-related configuration parameters could formerly be adjusted
802 by ordinary users, but only in the <quote>more verbose</> direction.
803 They are now treated more strictly: only superusers can set them.
804 However, a superuser may use <command>ALTER USER</> to provide per-user
805 settings of these values for non-superusers. Also, it is now possible
806 for superusers to set values of superuser-only configuration parameters
807 via <literal>PGOPTIONS</>.
813 Allow configuration files to be placed outside the data directory (mlw)
816 By default, configuration files are kept in the cluster's top directory.
817 With this addition, configuration files can be placed outside the
818 data directory, easing administration.
824 Plan prepared queries only when first executed so constants can be
825 used for statistics (Oliver Jowett)
828 Prepared statements plan queries once and execute them many
829 times. While prepared queries avoid the overhead of re-planning
830 on each use, the quality of the plan suffers from not knowing the exact
831 parameters to be used in the query. In this release, planning of
832 unnamed prepared statements is delayed until the first execution,
833 and the actual parameter values of that execution are used as
834 optimization hints. This allows use of out-of-line parameter passing
835 without incurring a performance penalty.
841 Allow <command>DECLARE CURSOR</command> to take parameters
845 It is now useful to issue <command>DECLARE CURSOR</command> in a
846 <function>Parse</> message with parameters. The parameter values
847 sent at <function>Bind</> time will be substituted into the
848 execution of the cursor's query.
854 Fix hash joins and aggregates of <type>inet</type> and
855 <type>cidr</type> data types (Tom)
858 Release 7.4 handled hashing of mixed <type>inet</type> and
859 <type>cidr</type> values incorrectly. (This bug did not exist
860 in prior releases because they wouldn't try to hash either
867 Make <varname>log_duration</> print only when <varname>log_statement</>
868 prints the query (Ed L.)
877 <title>Query Changes</title>
882 Add savepoints (nested transactions) (Alvaro)
888 Unsupported isolation levels are now accepted and promoted to the
889 nearest supported level (Peter)
892 The SQL specification states that if a database doesn't support a
893 specific isolation level, it should use the next more restrictive level.
894 This change complies with that recommendation.
900 Allow <command>BEGIN WORK</command> to specify transaction
901 isolation levels like <command>START TRANSACTION</command> does
908 Fix table permission checking for cases in which rules generate
909 a query type different from the originally submitted query (Tom)
915 Implement dollar quoting to simplify single-quote usage (Andrew, Tom,
919 In previous releases, because single quotes had to be used to
920 quote a function's body, the use of single quotes inside the
921 function text required use of two single quotes or other error-prone
922 notations. With this release we add the ability to use "dollar
923 quoting" to quote a block of text. The ability to use different
924 quoting delimiters at different nesting levels greatly simplifies
925 the task of quoting correctly, especially in complex functions.
926 Dollar quoting can be used anywhere quoted text is needed.
932 Make <literal>CASE val WHEN compval1 THEN ...</> evaluate <literal>val</> only once (Tom)
935 <option>CASE</> no longer evaluates the tested expression multiple
936 times. This has benefits when the expression is complex or is
943 Test <option>HAVING</> before computing target list of an
944 aggregate query (Tom)
947 Fixes improper failure of cases such as <literal>SELECT SUM(win)/SUM(lose)
948 ... GROUP BY ... HAVING SUM(lose) > 0</>. This should work but formerly
949 could fail with divide-by-zero.
955 Replace <varname>max_expr_depth</> parameter with
956 <varname>max_stack_depth</> parameter, measured in kilobytes of stack
960 This gives us a fairly bulletproof defense against crashing due to
961 runaway recursive functions. Instead of measuring the depth of expression
962 nesting, we now directly measure the size of the execution stack.
968 Allow arbitrary row expressions (Tom)
971 This release allows SQL expressions to contain arbitrary composite
972 types, that is, row values. It also allows functions to more easily
973 take rows as arguments and return row values.
979 Allow <option>LIKE</>/<option>ILIKE</> to be used as the operator
980 in row and subselect comparisons (Fabien Coelho)
986 Avoid locale-specific case conversion of basic ASCII letters in
987 identifiers and keywords (Tom)
990 This solves the <quote>Turkish problem</> with mangling of words
991 containing <literal>I</> and <literal>i</>. Folding of characters
992 outside the 7-bit-ASCII set is still locale-aware.
998 Improve syntax error reporting (Fabien, Tom)
1001 Syntax error reports are more useful than before.
1007 Change <command>EXECUTE</command> to return a completion tag
1008 matching the executed statement (Kris Jurka)
1011 Previous releases return an <command>EXECUTE</command> tag for
1012 any <command>EXECUTE</command> call. In this release, the tag
1013 returned will reflect the command executed.
1019 Avoid emitting <option>NATURAL CROSS JOIN</> in rule listings (Tom)
1022 Such a clause makes no logical sense, but in some cases the rule
1023 decompiler formerly produced this syntax.
1032 <title>Object Manipulation Changes</title>
1037 Add <command>COMMENT ON</> for casts, conversions, languages,
1038 operator classes, and large objects (Christopher)
1044 Add new server configuration parameter <varname>default_with_oids</> to
1045 control whether tables are created with <type>OID</>s by default (Neil)
1048 This allows administrators to control whether <command>CREATE
1049 TABLE</command> commands create tables with or without <type>OID</>
1050 columns by default. (Note: the current factory default setting for
1051 <varname>default_with_oids</> is <literal>TRUE</>, but the default
1052 will become <literal>FALSE</> in future releases.)
1058 Add <option>WITH</> / <option>WITHOUT OIDS</> clause to
1059 <command>CREATE TABLE AS</command> (Neil)
1065 Allow <command>ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN</> to drop an <type>OID</>
1066 column (<command>ALTER TABLE SET WITHOUT OIDS</> still works)
1073 Allow composite types as table columns (Tom)
1079 Allow <command>ALTER ... ADD COLUMN</> with defaults and
1080 <option>NOT NULL</> constraints; works per SQL spec (Rod)
1083 It is now possible for <option>ADD COLUMN</> to create a column
1084 that is not initially filled with NULLs, but with a specified
1091 Add <command>ALTER COLUMN TYPE</> to change column's type (Rod)
1094 It is now possible to alter a column's data type without dropping
1095 and re-adding the column.
1101 Allow multiple <command>ALTER</> actions in a single <command>ALTER
1102 TABLE</command> command (Rod)
1105 This is particularly useful for <command>ALTER</> commands that
1106 rewrite the table (which include <option>ALTER COLUMN TYPE</> and
1107 <option>ADD COLUMN</> with a default). By grouping
1108 <command>ALTER</> commands together, the table need be rewritten
1115 Allow <command>ALTER TABLE</command> to add <type>SERIAL</type>
1119 This falls out from the new capability of specifying defaults for new
1126 Allow changing the owners of aggregates, conversions, databases,
1127 functions, operators, operator classes, schemas, types, and tablespaces
1128 (Christopher, Euler Taveira de Oliveira)
1131 Previously this required modifying the system tables directly.
1137 Allow temporary object creation to be limited to <option>SECURITY
1138 DEFINER</> functions (Sean Chittenden)
1144 Add <option>ALTER TABLE ... SET WITHOUT CLUSTER</> (Christopher)
1147 Prior to this release, there was no way to clear an auto-cluster
1148 specification except to modify the system tables.
1154 Constraint/Index/<type>SERIAL</> names are now
1155 <replaceable>table_column_type</>
1156 with numbers appended to guarantee uniqueness within the schema
1160 The SQL specification states that such names should be unique
1167 Add <function>pg_get_serial_sequence()</> to return a
1168 <type>SERIAL</> column's sequence name (Christopher)
1171 This allows automated scripts to reliably find the <type>SERIAL</>
1178 Warn when primary/foreign key data type mismatch requires costly lookup
1184 New <command>ALTER INDEX</> command to allow moving of indexes
1185 between tablespaces (Gavin)
1191 Make <command>ALTER TABLE OWNER</> change dependent sequence
1192 ownership too (Alvaro)
1202 <title>Utility Command Changes</title>
1207 Allow <command>CREATE SCHEMA</command> to create triggers,
1208 indexes, and sequences (Neil)
1214 Add <option>ALSO</> keyword to <command>CREATE RULE</command> (Fabien
1218 This allows <option>ALSO</> to be added to rule creation to contrast it with
1219 <option>INSTEAD</> rules.
1225 Add <option>NOWAIT</> option to <command>LOCK</command> (Tatsuo)
1228 This allows the <command>LOCK</command> command to fail if it
1229 would have to wait for the requested lock.
1235 Allow <command>COPY</command> to read and write
1236 comma-separated-value (CSV) files (Andrew, Bruce)
1242 Generate error if the <command>COPY</command> delimiter and NULL
1243 string conflict (Bruce)
1249 <command>GRANT</command>/<command>REVOKE</command> behavior
1250 follows the SQL spec more closely
1256 Avoid locking conflict between <command>CREATE INDEX</command>
1257 and <command>CHECKPOINT</command> (Tom)
1260 In 7.3 and 7.4, a long-running B-tree index build could block concurrent
1261 <command>CHECKPOINT</>s from completing, thereby causing WAL bloat because the
1262 WAL log could not be recycled.
1268 Database-wide <command>ANALYZE</command> does not hold locks
1272 This reduces the potential for deadlocks against other backends
1273 that want exclusive locks on tables. To get the benefit of this
1274 change, do not execute database-wide <command>ANALYZE</command>
1275 inside a transaction block (<command>BEGIN</command> block); it
1276 must be able to commit and start a new transaction for each
1283 <command>REINDEX</command> does not exclusively lock the index's
1284 parent table anymore
1287 The index itself is still exclusively locked, but readers of the
1288 table can continue if they are not using the particular index
1295 Erase MD5 user passwords when a user is renamed (Bruce)
1298 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> uses the user name as salt
1299 when encrypting passwords via MD5. When a user's name is changed,
1300 the salt will no longer match the stored MD5 password, so the
1301 stored password becomes useless. In this release a notice is
1302 generated and the password is cleared. A new password must then
1303 be assigned if the user is to be able to log in with a password.
1309 New <application>pg_ctl</> <option>kill</> option for Windows (Andrew)
1312 Windows does not have a <literal>kill</> command to send signals to
1313 backends so this capability was added to <application>pg_ctl</>.
1319 Information schema improvements
1325 Add <option>--pwfile</> option to
1326 <application>initdb</application> so the initial password can be
1327 set by GUI tools (Magnus)
1333 Detect locale/encoding mismatch in
1334 <application>initdb</application> (Peter)
1340 Add <option>register</> command to <application>pg_ctl</> to
1341 register Windows operating system service (Dave Page)
1350 <title>Data Type and Function Changes</title>
1355 More complete support for composite types (row types) (Tom)
1358 Composite values can be used in many places where only scalar values
1365 Reject non-rectangular array values as erroneous (Joe)
1368 Formerly, <function>array_in</> would silently build a
1375 Overflow in integer arithmetic operations is now detected (Tom)
1381 The arithmetic operators associated with the single-byte
1382 <type>"char"</> data type have been removed.
1385 Formerly, the parser would select these operators in many situations
1386 where an <quote>unable to select an operator</> error would be more
1387 appropriate, such as <literal>null * null</>. If you actually want
1388 to do arithmetic on a <type>"char"</> column, you can cast it to
1395 Syntax checking of array input values considerably tightened up (Joe)
1398 Junk that was previously allowed in odd places with odd results
1399 now causes an <literal>ERROR</>, for example, non-whitespace
1400 after the closing right brace.
1406 Empty-string array element values must now be written as
1407 <literal>""</>, rather than writing nothing (Joe)
1410 Formerly, both ways of writing an empty-string element value were
1411 allowed, but now a quoted empty string is required. The case where
1412 nothing at all appears will probably be considered to be a NULL
1413 element value in some future release.
1419 Array element trailing whitespace is now ignored (Joe)
1422 Formerly leading whitespace was ignored, but trailing whitespace
1423 between an element value and the delimiter or right brace was
1424 significant. Now trailing whitespace is also ignored.
1430 Emit array values with explicit array bounds when lower bound is not one
1437 Accept <literal>YYYY-monthname-DD</> as a date string (Tom)
1443 Make <function>netmask</> and <function>hostmask</> functions
1444 return maximum-length mask length (Tom)
1450 Change factorial function to return <type>numeric</type> (Gavin)
1453 Returning <type>numeric</type> allows the factorial function to
1454 work for a wider range of input values.
1460 <function>to_char</>/<function>to_date()</> date conversion
1461 improvements (Kurt Roeckx, Fabien Coelho)
1467 Make <function>length()</> disregard trailing spaces in
1468 <type>CHAR(n)</> (Gavin)
1471 This change was made to improve consistency: trailing spaces are
1472 semantically insignificant in <type>CHAR(n)</> data, so they
1473 should not be counted by <function>length()</>.
1479 Warn about empty string being passed to
1480 <type>OID</>/<type>float4</>/<type>float8</> data types (Neil)
1483 8.1 will throw an error instead.
1489 Allow leading or trailing whitespace in
1490 <type>int2</>/<type>int4</>/<type>int8</>/<type>float4</>/<type>float8</>
1498 Better support for IEEE <literal>Infinity</> and <literal>NaN</>
1499 values in <type>float4</type>/<type>float8</type> (Neil)
1502 These should now work on all platforms that support IEEE-compliant
1503 floating point arithmetic.
1509 Add <option>week</> option to <function>date_trunc()</> (Robert Creager)
1515 Fix <function>to_char</function> for <literal>1 BC</>
1516 (previously it returned <literal>1 AD</>) (Bruce)
1522 Fix <function>date_part(year)</> for BC dates (previously it
1523 returned one less than the correct year) (Bruce)
1529 Fix <function>date_part()</> to return the proper millennium and
1530 century (Fabien Coelho)
1533 In previous versions, the century and millennium results had a wrong
1534 number and started in the wrong year, as compared to standard
1535 reckoning of such things.
1541 Add <function>ceiling()</> as an alias for <function>ceil()</>,
1542 and <function>power()</> as an alias for <function>pow()</> for
1543 standards compliance (Neil)
1549 Change <function>ln()</>, <function>log()</>,
1550 <function>power()</>, and <function>sqrt()</> to emit the correct
1551 <literal>SQLSTATE</> error codes for certain error conditions, as
1552 specified by SQL:2003 (Neil)
1558 Add <function>width_bucket()</> function as defined by SQL:2003 (Neil)
1564 Add <function>generate_series()</> functions to simplify working
1565 with numeric sets (Joe)
1571 Fix <function>upper/lower/initcap()</> functions to work with
1572 multibyte encodings (Tom)
1578 Add boolean and bitwise integer <option>AND</>/<option>OR</>
1579 aggregates (Fabien Coelho)
1585 New session information functions to return network addresses for client
1586 and server (Sean Chittenden)
1592 Add function to determine the area of a closed path (Sean Chittenden)
1598 Add function to send cancel request to other backends (Magnus)
1604 Add <type>interval</> plus <type>datetime</> operators (Tom)
1607 The reverse ordering, <type>datetime</> plus <type>interval</>,
1608 was already supported, but both are required by the SQL standard.
1614 Casting an integer to <type>BIT(N)</> selects the rightmost N bits
1619 In prior releases, the leftmost N bits were selected, but this was
1620 deemed unhelpful, not to mention inconsistent with casting from bit
1627 Require <type>CIDR</> values to have all non-masked bits be zero
1637 <title>Server-Side Language Changes</title>
1642 In <literal>READ COMMITTED</> serialization mode, volatile functions
1643 now see the results of concurrent transactions committed up to the
1644 beginning of each statement within the function, rather than up to the
1645 beginning of the interactive command that called the function.
1651 Functions declared <literal>STABLE</> or <literal>IMMUTABLE</> always
1652 use the snapshot of the calling query, and therefore do not see the
1653 effects of actions taken after the calling query starts, whether in
1654 their own transaction or other transactions. Such a function must be
1655 read-only, too, meaning that it cannot use any SQL commands other than
1656 <command>SELECT</>. There is a considerable performance gain from
1657 declaring a function <literal>STABLE</> or <literal>IMMUTABLE</>
1658 rather than <literal>VOLATILE</>.
1664 Non-deferred <option>AFTER</> triggers are now fired immediately
1665 after completion of the triggering query, rather than upon
1666 finishing the current interactive command. This makes a difference
1667 when the triggering query occurred within a function: the trigger
1668 is invoked before the function proceeds to its next operation. For
1669 example, if a function inserts a new row into a table, any
1670 non-deferred foreign key checks occur before proceeding with the
1677 Allow function parameters to be declared with names (Dennis Bjorklund)
1680 This allows better documentation of functions. Whether the names
1681 actually do anything depends on the specific function language
1688 Allow PL/pgSQL parameter names to be referenced in the function (Dennis Bjorklund)
1691 This basically creates an automatic alias for each named parameter.
1697 Do minimal syntax checking of PL/pgSQL functions at creation time (Tom)
1700 This allows us to catch simple syntax errors sooner.
1706 More support for composite types (row and record variables) in PL/pgSQL
1709 For example, it now works to pass a rowtype variable to another function
1710 as a single variable.
1716 Default values for PL/pgSQL variables can now reference previously
1723 Improve parsing of PL/pgSQL FOR loops (Tom)
1726 Parsing is now driven by presence of <literal>".."</> rather than
1727 data type of <option>FOR</> variable. This makes no difference for
1728 correct functions, but should result in more understandable error
1729 messages when a mistake is made.
1735 Major overhaul of PL/Perl server-side language (Command Prompt, Andrew Dunstan)
1741 In PL/Tcl, SPI commands are now run in subtransactions. If an error
1742 occurs, the subtransaction is cleaned up and the error is reported
1743 as an ordinary Tcl error, which can be trapped with <literal>catch</>.
1744 Formerly, it was not possible to catch such errors.
1750 Accept <command>ELSEIF</> in PL/pgSQL (Neil)
1753 Previously PL/pgSQL only allowed <command>ELSIF</>, but many people
1754 are accustomed to spelling this keyword <command>ELSEIF</>.
1763 <title><application>psql</> Changes</title>
1768 Improve <application>psql</> information display about database
1769 objects (Christopher)
1775 Allow <application>psql</> to display group membership in
1776 <command>\du</> and <command>\dg</> (Markus Bertheau)
1782 Prevent <application>psql</> <command>\dn</command> from showing
1783 temporary schemas (Bruce)
1789 Allow <application>psql</> to handle tilde user expansion for file
1796 Allow <application>psql</> to display fancy prompts, including
1797 color, via <application>readline</> (Reece Hart, Chet Ramey)
1803 Make <application>psql</> <command>\copy</> match <command>COPY</command> command syntax
1810 Show the location of syntax errors (Fabien Coelho, Tom)
1816 Add <command>CLUSTER</command> information to <application>psql</>
1817 <command>\d</> display
1824 Change <application>psql</> <command>\copy stdin/stdout</> to read
1825 from command input/output (Bruce)
1831 Add <option>pstdin</>/<option>pstdout</> to read from
1832 <application>psql</>'s <literal>stdin</>/<literal>stdout</> (Mark
1839 Add global <application>psql</> configuration file, <filename>psqlrc.sample</filename>
1843 This allows a central file where global <application>psql</> startup commands can
1850 Have <application>psql</> <command>\d+</> indicate if the table
1851 has an <type>OID</> column (Neil)
1857 On Windows, use binary mode in <application>psql</> when reading files so control-Z
1858 is not seen as end-of-file
1864 Have <command>\dn+</> show permissions and description for schemas (Dennis
1871 Improve tab completion support (Stefan Kaltenbrunn, Greg Sabino Mullane)
1877 Allow boolean settings to be set using upper or lower case (Michael Paesold)
1886 <title><application>pg_dump</> Changes</title>
1891 Use dependency information to improve the reliability of
1892 <application>pg_dump</> (Tom)
1895 This should solve the longstanding problems with related objects
1896 sometimes being dumped in the wrong order.
1902 Have <application>pg_dump</> output objects in alphabetical order if possible (Tom)
1905 This should make it easier to identify changes between
1912 Allow <application>pg_restore</> to ignore some SQL errors (Fabien Coelho)
1915 This makes <application>pg_restore</>'s behavior similar to the
1916 results of feeding a <application>pg_dump</> output script to
1917 <application>psql</>. In most cases, ignoring errors and plowing
1918 ahead is the most useful thing to do. Also added was a pg_restore
1919 option to give the old behavior of exiting on an error.
1925 <application>pg_restore</> <option>-l</> display now includes
1926 objects' schema names
1932 New begin/end markers in <application>pg_dump</> text output (Bruce)
1938 Add start/stop times for
1939 <application>pg_dump</>/<application>pg_dumpall</> in verbose mode
1946 Allow most <application>pg_dump</> options in
1947 <application>pg_dumpall</> (Christopher)
1953 Have <application>pg_dump</> use <command>ALTER OWNER</> rather
1954 than <command>SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</> by default
1964 <title>libpq Changes</title>
1969 Make libpq's <option>SIGPIPE</> handling thread-safe (Bruce)
1975 Add <function>PQmbdsplen()</> which returns the display length
1976 of a character (Tatsuo)
1982 Add thread locking to <application>SSL</> and
1983 <application>Kerberos</> connections (Manfred Spraul)
1989 Allow <function>PQoidValue()</>, <function>PQcmdTuples()</>, and
1990 <function>PQoidStatus()</> to work on <command>EXECUTE</command>
1997 Add <function>PQserverVersion()</> to provide more convenient
1998 access to the server version number (Greg Sabino Mullane)
2004 Add <function>PQprepare/PQsendPrepared()</> functions to support
2005 preparing statements without necessarily specifying the data types
2006 of their parameters (Abhijit Menon-Sen)
2012 Many ECPG improvements, including <command>SET DESCRIPTOR</> (Michael)
2021 <title>Source Code Changes</title>
2026 Allow the database server to run natively on Windows (Claudio, Magnus, Andrew)
2032 Shell script commands converted to C versions for Windows support (Andrew)
2038 Create an extension makefile framework (Fabien Coelho, Peter)
2041 This simplifies the task of building extensions outside the original
2048 Support relocatable installations (Bruce)
2051 Directory paths for installed files (such as the
2052 <filename>/share</> directory) are now computed relative to the
2053 actual location of the executables, so that an installation tree
2054 can be moved to another place without reconfiguring and
2061 Use <option>--with-docdir</> to choose installation location of documentation; also
2062 allow <option>--infodir</> (Peter)
2068 Add <option>--without-docdir</> to prevent installation of documentation (Peter)
2074 Upgrade to <application>DocBook</> V4.2 SGML (Peter)
2080 New <literal>PostgreSQL</> <application>CVS</> tag (Marc)
2083 This was done to make it easier for organizations to manage their
2084 own copies of the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
2085 <application>CVS</> repository. File version stamps from the master
2086 repository will not get munged by checking into or out of a copied
2093 Clarify locking code (Manfred Koizar)
2099 Buffer manager cleanup (Neil)
2105 Decouple platform tests from CPU spinlock code (Bruce, Tom)
2111 Add inlined test-and-set code on PA-RISC for <application>gcc</>
2118 Improve i386 spinlock code (Manfred Spraul)
2124 Clean up spinlock assembly code to avoid warnings from newer
2125 <application>gcc</> releases (Tom)
2131 Remove JDBC from source tree; now a separate project
2137 Remove the libpgtcl client interface; now a separate project
2143 More accurately estimate memory and file descriptor usage (Tom)
2149 Improvements to the Mac OS X startup scripts (Ray A.)
2155 New <function>fsync()</> test program (Bruce)
2161 Major documentation improvements (Neil, Peter)
2167 Remove <application>pg_encoding</application>; not needed
2174 Remove <application>pg_id</application>; not needed anymore
2180 Remove <application>initlocation</application>; not needed
2187 Auto-detect thread flags (no more manual testing) (Bruce)
2193 Use Olson's public domain <application>timezone</> library (Magnus)
2199 With threading enabled, use thread flags on Unixware for
2200 backend executables too (Bruce)
2203 Unixware can not mix threaded and non-threaded object files in the
2204 same executable, so everything must be compiled as threaded.
2210 <application>psql</> now uses a <application>flex</>-generated
2211 lexical analyzer to process command strings
2217 Reimplement the linked list data structure used throughout the
2221 This improves performance by allowing list append and length
2222 operations to be more efficient.
2228 Allow dynamically loaded modules to create their own server configuration
2229 parameters (Thomas Hallgren)
2235 New Brazilian version of FAQ (Euler Taveira de Oliveira)
2241 Add French FAQ (Guillaume Lelarge)
2247 New <application>pgevent</> for Windows logging
2253 Make libpq and ECPG build as proper shared libraries on OS X (Tom)
2262 <title>Contrib Changes</title>
2267 Overhaul of <filename>contrib/dblink</> (Joe)
2273 <filename>contrib/dbmirror</> improvements (Steven Singer)
2279 New <filename>contrib/xml2</> (John Gray, Torchbox)
2285 Updated <filename>contrib/mysql</filename>
2291 New version of <filename>contrib/btree_gist</> (Teodor)
2297 New <filename>contrib/trgm</>, trigram matching for
2298 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> (Teodor)
2304 Many <filename>contrib/tsearch2</> improvements (Teodor)
2310 Add double metaphone to <filename>contrib/fuzzystrmatch</> (Andrew)
2316 Allow <filename>contrib/pg_autovacuum</> to run as a Windows service (Dave Page)
2322 Add functions to <filename>contrib/dbsize</> (Andreas Pflug)
2328 Removed <filename>contrib/pg_logger</>: obsoleted by integrated logging
2335 Removed <filename>contrib/rserv</>: obsoleted by various separate projects
2345 <sect1 id="release-7-4-6">
2346 <title>Release 7.4.6</title>
2349 <title>Release date</title>
2350 <simpara>2004-10-22</simpara>
2354 This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.5.
2359 <title>Migration to version 7.4.6</title>
2362 A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.
2367 <title>Changes</title>
2370 <listitem><para>Repair possible failure to update hint bits on disk</para>
2372 Under rare circumstances this oversight could lead to
2373 <quote>could not access transaction status</> failures, which qualifies
2374 it as a potential-data-loss bug.
2376 <listitem><para>Ensure that hashed outer join does not miss tuples</para>
2378 Very large left joins using a hash join plan could fail to output unmatched
2379 left-side rows given just the right data distribution.
2381 <listitem><para>Disallow running <application>pg_ctl</> as root</para>
2383 This is to guard against any possible security issues.
2385 <listitem><para>Avoid using temp files in <filename>/tmp</> in <command>make_oidjoins_check</command></para>
2387 This has been reported as a security issue, though it's hardly worthy of
2388 concern since there is no reason for non-developers to use this script anyway.
2390 <listitem><para>Prevent forced backend shutdown from re-emitting prior command
2393 In rare cases, a client might think that its last command had succeeded when
2394 it really had been aborted by forced database shutdown.
2396 <listitem><para>Repair bug in <function>pg_stat_get_backend_idset</function></para>
2398 This could lead to misbehavior in some of the system-statistics views.
2400 <listitem><para>Fix small memory leak in postmaster</para></listitem>
2401 <listitem><para>Fix <quote>expected both swapped tables to have TOAST
2402 tables</> bug</para>
2404 This could arise in cases such as CLUSTER after ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN.
2406 <listitem><para>Prevent <literal>pg_ctl restart</> from adding <literal>-D</> multiple times</para></listitem>
2407 <listitem><para>Fix problem with NULL values in GiST indexes</para></listitem>
2408 <listitem><para><literal>::</> is no longer interpreted as a variable in an
2409 ECPG prepare statement</para></listitem>
2415 <sect1 id="release-7-4-5">
2416 <title>Release 7.4.5</title>
2419 <title>Release date</title>
2420 <simpara>2004-08-18</simpara>
2424 This release contains one serious bug fix over 7.4.4.
2429 <title>Migration to version 7.4.5</title>
2432 A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.
2437 <title>Changes</title>
2440 <listitem><para>Repair possible crash during concurrent B-tree index insertions</para>
2442 This patch fixes a rare case in which concurrent insertions into a B-tree index
2443 could result in a server panic. No permanent damage would result, but it's
2444 still worth a re-release. The bug does not exist in pre-7.4 releases.
2451 <sect1 id="release-7-4-4">
2452 <title>Release 7.4.4</title>
2455 <title>Release date</title>
2456 <simpara>2004-08-16</simpara>
2460 This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.3.
2465 <title>Migration to version 7.4.4</title>
2468 A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.
2473 <title>Changes</title>
2476 <listitem><para>Prevent possible loss of committed transactions during crash</para>
2478 Due to insufficient interlocking between transaction commit and checkpointing,
2479 it was possible for transactions committed just before the most recent
2480 checkpoint to be lost, in whole or in part, following a database crash and
2481 restart. This is a serious bug that has existed
2482 since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
2484 <listitem><para>Check HAVING restriction before evaluating result list of an
2485 aggregate plan</para></listitem>
2486 <listitem><para>Avoid crash when session's current user ID is deleted</para></listitem>
2487 <listitem><para>Fix hashed crosstab for zero-rows case (Joe)</para></listitem>
2488 <listitem><para>Force cache update after renaming a column in a foreign key</para></listitem>
2489 <listitem><para>Pretty-print UNION queries correctly</para></listitem>
2490 <listitem><para>Make psql handle <literal>\r\n</> newlines properly in COPY IN</para></listitem>
2491 <listitem><para><application>pg_dump</> handled ACLs with grant options incorrectly</para></listitem>
2492 <listitem><para>Fix thread support for OS X and Solaris</para></listitem>
2493 <listitem><para>Updated JDBC driver (build 215) with various fixes</para></listitem>
2494 <listitem><para>ECPG fixes</para></listitem>
2495 <listitem><para>Translation updates (various contributors)</para></listitem>
2501 <sect1 id="release-7-4-3">
2502 <title>Release 7.4.3</title>
2505 <title>Release date</title>
2506 <simpara>2004-06-14</simpara>
2510 This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.2.
2515 <title>Migration to version 7.4.3</title>
2518 A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.
2523 <title>Changes</title>
2526 <listitem><para>Fix temporary memory leak when using non-hashed aggregates (Tom)</para></listitem>
2527 <listitem><para>ECPG fixes, including some for Informix compatibility (Michael)</para></listitem>
2528 <listitem><para>Fixes for compiling with thread-safety, particularly Solaris (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2529 <listitem><para>Fix error in COPY IN termination when using the old network protocol (ljb)</para></listitem>
2530 <listitem><para>Several important fixes in pg_autovacuum, including fixes for
2531 large tables, unsigned oids, stability, temp tables, and debug mode
2532 (Matthew T. O'Connor)</para></listitem>
2533 <listitem><para>Fix problem with reading tar-format dumps on NetBSD and BSD/OS (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2534 <listitem><para>Several JDBC fixes</para></listitem>
2535 <listitem><para>Fix ALTER SEQUENCE RESTART where last_value equals the restart value (Tom)</para></listitem>
2536 <listitem><para>Repair failure to recalculate nested sub-selects (Tom)</para></listitem>
2537 <listitem><para>Fix problems with non-constant expressions in LIMIT/OFFSET</para></listitem>
2538 <listitem><para>Support FULL JOIN with no join clause, such as X FULL JOIN Y ON TRUE (Tom)</para></listitem>
2539 <listitem><para>Fix another zero-column table bug (Tom)</para></listitem>
2540 <listitem><para>Improve handling of non-qualified identifiers in GROUP BY clauses in sub-selects (Tom)</para>
2542 Select-list aliases within the sub-select will now take precedence over
2543 names from outer query levels.
2545 <listitem><para>Do not generate <quote>NATURAL CROSS JOIN</> when decompiling rules (Tom)</para></listitem>
2546 <listitem><para>Add checks for invalid field length in binary COPY (Tom)</para>
2548 This fixes a difficult-to-exploit security hole.
2550 <listitem><para>Avoid locking conflict between <command>ANALYZE</command> and <command>LISTEN</command>/<command>NOTIFY</command></para></listitem>
2551 <listitem><para>Numerous translation updates (various contributors)</para></listitem>
2557 <sect1 id="release-7-4-2">
2558 <title>Release 7.4.2</title>
2561 <title>Release date</title>
2562 <simpara>2004-03-08</simpara>
2566 This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.1.
2571 <title>Migration to version 7.4.2</title>
2574 A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X. However,
2575 it may be advisable as the easiest method of incorporating fixes for
2576 two errors that have been found in the initial contents of 7.4.X system
2577 catalogs. A dump/initdb/reload sequence using 7.4.2's initdb will
2578 automatically correct these problems.
2582 The more severe of the two errors is that data type <type>anyarray</>
2583 has the wrong alignment label; this is a problem because the
2584 <structname>pg_statistic</> system catalog uses <type>anyarray</>
2585 columns. The mislabeling can cause planner misestimations and even
2586 crashes when planning queries that involve <literal>WHERE</> clauses on
2587 double-aligned columns (such as <type>float8</> and <type>timestamp</>).
2588 It is strongly recommended that all installations repair this error,
2589 either by initdb or by following the manual repair procedure given
2594 The lesser error is that the system view <structname>pg_settings</>
2595 ought to be marked as having public update access, to allow
2596 <literal>UPDATE pg_settings</> to be used as a substitute for
2597 <command>SET</>. This can also be fixed either by initdb or manually,
2598 but it is not necessary to fix unless you want to use <literal>UPDATE
2603 If you wish not to do an initdb, the following procedure will work
2604 for fixing <structname>pg_statistic</>. As the database superuser,
2608 -- clear out old data in pg_statistic:
2609 DELETE FROM pg_statistic;
2610 VACUUM pg_statistic;
2611 -- this should update 1 row:
2612 UPDATE pg_type SET typalign = 'd' WHERE oid = 2277;
2613 -- this should update 6 rows:
2614 UPDATE pg_attribute SET attalign = 'd' WHERE atttypid = 2277;
2616 -- At this point you MUST start a fresh backend to avoid a crash!
2618 -- repopulate pg_statistic:
2622 This can be done in a live database, but beware that all backends
2623 running in the altered database must be restarted before it is safe to
2624 repopulate <structname>pg_statistic</>.
2628 To repair the <structname>pg_settings</> error, simply do:
2630 GRANT SELECT, UPDATE ON pg_settings TO PUBLIC;
2635 The above procedures must be carried out in <emphasis>each</> database
2636 of an installation, including <literal>template1</>, and ideally
2637 including <literal>template0</> as well. If you do not fix the
2638 template databases then any subsequently created databases will contain
2639 the same errors. <literal>template1</> can be fixed in the same way
2640 as any other database, but fixing <literal>template0</> requires
2641 additional steps. First, from any database issue
2643 UPDATE pg_database SET datallowconn = true WHERE datname = 'template0';
2645 Next connect to <literal>template0</> and perform the above repair
2646 procedures. Finally, do
2648 -- re-freeze template0:
2650 -- and protect it against future alterations:
2651 UPDATE pg_database SET datallowconn = false WHERE datname = 'template0';
2657 <title>Changes</title>
2660 Release 7.4.2 incorporates all the fixes included in release 7.3.6,
2661 plus the following fixes:
2665 <listitem><para>Fix <structname>pg_statistics</> alignment bug that could crash optimizer</para>
2666 <para>See above for details about this problem.</para></listitem>
2667 <listitem><para>Allow non-super users to update <structname>pg_settings</></para></listitem>
2668 <listitem><para>Fix several optimizer bugs, most of which led to
2669 <quote>variable not found in subplan target lists</> errors</para></listitem>
2670 <listitem><para>Avoid out-of-memory failure during startup of large multiple
2671 index scan</para></listitem>
2672 <listitem><para>Fix multibyte problem that could lead to <quote>out of
2673 memory</> error during <command>COPY IN</></para></listitem>
2674 <listitem><para>Fix problems with <command>SELECT INTO</> / <command>CREATE
2675 TABLE AS</> from tables without OIDs</para></listitem>
2676 <listitem><para>Fix problems with <filename>alter_table</> regression test
2677 during parallel testing</para></listitem>
2678 <listitem><para>Fix problems with hitting open file limit, especially on OS X (Tom)</para></listitem>
2679 <listitem><para>Partial fix for Turkish-locale issues</para>
2680 <para>initdb will succeed now in Turkish locale, but there are still some
2681 inconveniences associated with the <literal>i/I</> problem.</para></listitem>
2682 <listitem><para>Make pg_dump set client encoding on restore</para></listitem>
2683 <listitem><para>Other minor pg_dump fixes</para></listitem>
2684 <listitem><para>Allow ecpg to again use C keywords as column names (Michael)</para></listitem>
2685 <listitem><para>Added ecpg <literal>WHENEVER NOT_FOUND</> to
2686 <literal>SELECT/INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE</> (Michael)</para></listitem>
2687 <listitem><para>Fix ecpg crash for queries calling set-returning functions (Michael)</para></listitem>
2688 <listitem><para>Various other ecpg fixes (Michael)</para></listitem>
2689 <listitem><para>Fixes for Borland compiler</para></listitem>
2690 <listitem><para>Thread build improvements (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2691 <listitem><para>Various other build fixes</para></listitem>
2692 <listitem><para>Various JDBC fixes</para></listitem>
2698 <sect1 id="release-7-4-1">
2699 <title>Release 7.4.1</title>
2702 <title>Release date</title>
2703 <simpara>2003-12-22</simpara>
2707 This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.
2712 <title>Migration to version 7.4.1</title>
2715 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
2720 If you want to install the fixes in the information schema
2721 you need to reload it into the database.
2722 This is either accomplished by initializing a new cluster
2723 by running <command>initdb</command>, or by running the following
2724 sequence of SQL commands in each database (ideally including
2725 <literal>template1</literal>) as a superuser in
2726 <application>psql</application>, after installing the new release:
2728 DROP SCHEMA information_schema CASCADE;
2729 \i /usr/local/pgsql/share/information_schema.sql
2731 Substitute your installation path in the second command.
2737 <title>Changes</title>
2740 <listitem><para>Fixed bug in <command>CREATE SCHEMA</command> parsing in ECPG (Michael)</para></listitem>
2741 <listitem><para>Fix compile error when <option>--enable-thread-safety</option> and <option>--with-perl</option> are used together (Peter)</para></listitem>
2742 <listitem><para>Fix for subqueries that used hash joins (Tom)</para>
2744 Certain subqueries that used hash joins would crash because of
2745 improperly shared structures.
2747 <listitem><para>Fix free space map compaction bug (Tom)</para>
2749 This fixes a bug where compaction of the free space map could lead
2750 to a database server shutdown.
2753 <listitem><para>Fix for Borland compiler build of libpq (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2754 <listitem><para>Fix <function>netmask()</function> and <function>hostmask()</function> to return the maximum-length masklen (Tom)</para>
2756 Fix these functions to return values consistent with pre-7.4
2760 <listitem><para>Several <filename>contrib/pg_autovacuum</filename> fixes</para>
2762 Fixes include improper variable initialization, missing vacuum after
2763 <command>TRUNCATE</command>, and duration computation overflow for long vacuums.
2766 <listitem><para>Allow compile of <filename>contrib/cube</filename> under Cygwin (Jason Tishler)</para></listitem>
2767 <listitem><para>Fix Solaris use of password file when no passwords are defined (Tom)</para>
2769 Fix crash on Solaris caused by use of any type of password
2770 authentication when no passwords were defined.
2773 <listitem><para>JDBC fix for thread problems, other fixes</para></listitem>
2774 <listitem><para>Fix for <type>bytea</type> index lookups (Joe)</para></listitem>
2775 <listitem><para>Fix information schema for bit data types (Peter)</para></listitem>
2776 <listitem><para>Force zero_damaged_pages to be on during recovery from WAL</para></listitem>
2777 <listitem><para>Prevent some obscure cases of <quote>variable not in subplan target lists</quote></para></listitem>
2778 <listitem><para>Make <function>PQescapeBytea</function> and <function>byteaout</function> consistent with each other (Joe)</para></listitem>
2779 <listitem><para>Escape <type>bytea</type> output for bytes > 0x7e(Joe)</para>
2781 If different client encodings are used for <type>bytea</type> output and input, it
2782 is possible for <type>bytea</type> values to be corrupted by the differing
2783 encodings. This fix escapes all bytes that might be affected.
2786 <listitem><para>Added missing <function>SPI_finish()</function> calls to dblink's <function>get_tuple_of_interest()</function> (Joe)</para></listitem>
2787 <listitem><para>New Czech FAQ</para></listitem>
2788 <listitem><para>Fix information schema view <literal>constraint_column_usage</literal> for foreign keys (Peter)</para></listitem>
2789 <listitem><para>ECPG fixes (Michael)</para></listitem>
2790 <listitem><para>Fix bug with multiple <literal>IN</literal> subqueries and joins in the subqueries (Tom)</para></listitem>
2791 <listitem><para>Alllow <literal>COUNT('x')</literal> to work (Tom)</para></listitem>
2792 <listitem><para>Install ECPG include files for Informix compatibility into separate directory (Peter)</para>
2794 Some names of ECPG include files for Informix compatibility conflicted with operating system include files.
2795 By installing them in their own directory, name conflicts have been reduced.
2798 <listitem><para>Fix SSL memory leak (Neil)</para>
2800 This release fixes a bug in 7.4 where SSL didn't free all memory it allocated.
2803 <listitem><para>Prevent <filename>pg_service.conf</filename> from using service name as default dbname (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2804 <listitem><para>Fix local ident authentication on FreeBSD (Tom)</para></listitem>
2810 <sect1 id="release-7-4">
2811 <title>Release 7.4</title>
2814 <title>Release date</title>
2815 <simpara>2003-11-17</simpara>
2819 <title>Overview</title>
2822 Major changes in this release:
2827 <literal>IN</literal> / <literal>NOT IN</literal> subqueries are
2828 now much more efficient
2833 In previous releases, <literal>IN</literal>/<literal>NOT
2834 IN</literal> subqueries were joined to the upper query by
2835 sequentially scanning the subquery looking for a match. The
2836 7.4 code uses the same sophisticated techniques used by
2837 ordinary joins and so is much faster. An
2838 <literal>IN</literal> will now usually be as fast as or faster
2839 than an equivalent <literal>EXISTS</literal> subquery; this
2840 reverses the conventional wisdom that applied to previous
2848 Improved <literal>GROUP BY</literal> processing by using hash buckets
2853 In previous releases, rows to be grouped had to be sorted
2854 first. The 7.4 code can do <literal>GROUP BY</literal>
2855 without sorting, by accumulating results into a hash table
2856 with one entry per group. It will still use the sort
2857 technique, however, if the hash table is estimated to be too
2858 large to fit in <varname>sort_mem</>.
2865 New multikey hash join capability
2870 In previous releases, hash joins could only occur on single
2871 keys. This release allows multicolumn hash joins.
2878 Queries using the explicit <literal>JOIN</literal> syntax are
2879 now better optimized
2884 Prior releases evaluated queries using the explicit
2885 <literal>JOIN</literal> syntax only in the order implied by
2886 the syntax. 7.4 allows full optimization of these queries,
2887 meaning the optimizer considers all possible join orderings
2888 and chooses the most efficient. Outer joins, however, must
2889 still follow the declared ordering.
2896 Faster and more powerful regular expression code
2901 The entire regular expression module has been replaced with a
2902 new version by Henry Spencer, originally written for Tcl. The
2903 code greatly improves performance and supports several flavors
2904 of regular expressions.
2911 Function-inlining for simple SQL functions
2916 Simple SQL functions can now be inlined by including their SQL
2917 in the main query. This improves performance by eliminating
2918 per-call overhead. That means simple SQL functions now
2926 Full support for IPv6 connections and IPv6 address data types
2931 Previous releases allowed only IPv4 connections, and the IP
2932 data types only supported IPv4 addresses. This release adds
2933 full IPv6 support in both of these areas.
2940 Major improvements in SSL performance and reliability
2945 Several people very familiar with the SSL API have overhauled
2946 our SSL code to improve SSL key negotiation and error
2954 Make free space map efficiently reuse empty index pages,
2955 and other free space management improvements
2960 In previous releases, B-tree index pages that were left empty
2961 because of deleted rows could only be reused by rows with
2962 index values similar to the rows originally indexed on that
2963 page. In 7.4, <command>VACUUM</command> records empty index
2964 pages and allows them to be reused for any future index rows.
2971 SQL-standard information schema
2976 The information schema provides a standardized and stable way
2977 to access information about the schema objects defined in a
2985 Cursors conform more closely to the SQL standard
2990 The commands <command>FETCH</command> and
2991 <command>MOVE</command> have been overhauled to conform more
2992 closely to the SQL standard.
2999 Cursors can exist outside transactions
3004 These cursors are also called holdable cursors.
3011 New client-to-server protocol
3016 The new protocol adds error codes, more status information,
3017 faster startup, better support for binary data transmission,
3018 parameter values separated from SQL commands, prepared
3019 statements available at the protocol level, and cleaner
3020 recovery from <command>COPY</command> failures. The older
3021 protocol is still supported by both server and clients.
3028 <application>libpq</application> and
3029 <application>ECPG</application> applications are now fully
3035 While previous <application>libpq</application> releases
3036 already supported threads, this release improves thread safety
3037 by fixing some non-thread-safe code that was used during
3038 database connection startup. The <command>configure</command>
3039 option <option>--enable-thread-safety</option> must be used to
3040 enable this feature.
3047 New version of full-text indexing
3052 A new full-text indexing suite is available in
3053 <filename>contrib/tsearch2</filename>.
3065 The new autovacuum tool in
3066 <filename>contrib/autovacuum</filename> monitors the database
3067 statistics tables for
3068 <command>INSERT</command>/<command>UPDATE</command>/<command>DELETE</command>
3069 activity and automatically vacuums tables when needed.
3076 Array handling has been improved and moved into the server core
3081 Many array limitations have been removed, and arrays behave
3082 more like fully-supported data types.
3091 <title>Migration to version 7.4</title>
3094 A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application> is
3095 required for those wishing to migrate data from any previous
3100 Observe the following incompatibilities:
3105 The server-side autocommit setting was removed and
3106 reimplemented in client applications and languages.
3107 Server-side autocommit was causing too many problems with
3108 languages and applications that wanted to control their own
3109 autocommit behavior, so autocommit was removed from the server
3110 and added to individual client APIs as appropriate.
3116 Error message wording has changed substantially in this
3117 release. Significant effort was invested to make the messages
3118 more consistent and user-oriented. If your applications try to
3119 detect different error conditions by parsing the error message,
3120 you are strongly encouraged to use the new error code facility instead.
3126 Inner joins using the explicit <literal>JOIN</literal> syntax
3127 may behave differently because they are now better
3134 A number of server configuration parameters have been renamed
3135 for clarity, primarily those related to
3142 <literal>FETCH 0</literal> or <literal>MOVE 0</literal> now
3143 does nothing. In prior releases, <literal>FETCH 0</literal>
3144 would fetch all remaining rows, and <literal>MOVE 0</literal>
3145 would move to the end of the cursor.
3151 <command>FETCH</command> and <command>MOVE</command> now return
3152 the actual number of rows fetched/moved, or zero if at the
3153 beginning/end of the cursor. Prior releases would return the
3154 row count passed to the command, not the number of rows
3155 actually fetched or moved.
3161 <command>COPY</command> now can process files that use
3162 carriage-return or carriage-return/line-feed end-of-line
3163 sequences. Literal carriage-returns and line-feeds are no
3164 longer accepted in data values; use <literal>\r</literal> and
3165 <literal>\n</literal> instead.
3171 Trailing spaces are now trimmed when converting from type
3172 <type>char(<replaceable>n</>)</type> to
3173 <type>varchar(<replaceable>n</>)</type> or <type>text</type>.
3174 This is what most people always expected to happen anyway.
3180 The data type <type>float(<replaceable>p</>)</type> now
3181 measures <replaceable>p</> in binary digits, not decimal
3182 digits. The new behavior follows the SQL standard.
3188 Ambiguous date values now must match the ordering specified by
3189 the <varname>datestyle</varname> setting. In prior releases, a
3190 date specification of <literal>10/20/03</> was interpreted as a
3191 date in October even if <varname>datestyle</> specified that
3192 the day should be first. 7.4 will throw an error if a date
3193 specification is invalid for the current setting of
3194 <varname>datestyle</>.
3200 The functions <function>oidrand</function>,
3201 <function>oidsrand</function>, and
3202 <function>userfntest</function> have been removed. These
3203 functions were determined to be no longer useful.
3209 String literals specifying time-varying date/time values, such
3210 as <literal>'now'</literal> or <literal>'today'</literal> will
3211 no longer work as expected in column default expressions; they
3212 now cause the time of the table creation to be the default, not
3213 the time of the insertion. Functions such as
3214 <function>now()</>, <function>current_timestamp</>, or
3215 <function>current_date</function> should be used instead.
3219 In previous releases, there was special code so that strings
3220 such as <literal>'now'</literal> were interpreted at
3221 <command>INSERT</> time and not at table creation time, but
3222 this work around didn't cover all cases. Release 7.4 now
3223 requires that defaults be defined properly using functions such
3224 as <function>now()</> or <function>current_timestamp</>. These
3225 will work in all situations.
3231 The dollar sign (<literal>$</>) is no longer allowed in
3232 operator names. It can instead be a non-first character in
3233 identifiers. This was done to improve compatibility with other
3234 database systems, and to avoid syntax problems when parameter
3235 placeholders (<literal>$<replaceable>n</></>) are written
3236 adjacent to operators.
3244 <title>Changes</title>
3247 Below you will find a detailed account of the changes between
3248 release 7.4 and the previous major release.
3252 <title>Server Operation Changes</title>
3257 Allow IPv6 server connections (Nigel Kukard, Johan Jordaan,
3258 Bruce, Tom, Kurt Roeckx, Andrew Dunstan)
3264 Fix SSL to handle errors cleanly (Nathan Mueller)
3267 In prior releases, certain SSL API error reports were not
3268 handled correctly. This release fixes those problems.
3274 SSL protocol security and performance improvements (Sean Chittenden)
3277 SSL key renegotiation was happening too frequently, causing poor
3278 SSL performance. Also, initial key handling was improved.
3284 Print lock information when a deadlock is detected (Tom)
3287 This allows easier debugging of deadlock situations.
3293 Update <filename>/tmp</filename> socket modification times
3294 regularly to avoid their removal (Tom)
3297 This should help prevent <filename>/tmp</filename> directory
3298 cleaner administration scripts from removing server socket
3303 <listitem><para>Enable PAM for Mac OS X (Aaron Hillegass)</para></listitem>
3306 <para>Make B-tree indexes fully WAL-safe (Tom)</para>
3308 In prior releases, under certain rare cases, a server crash
3309 could cause B-tree indexes to become corrupt. This release
3310 removes those last few rare cases.
3314 <listitem><para>Allow B-tree index compaction and empty page reuse (Tom)</para></listitem>
3318 Fix inconsistent index lookups during split of first root page (Tom)
3321 In prior releases, when a single-page index split into two
3322 pages, there was a brief period when another database session
3323 could miss seeing an index entry. This release fixes that rare
3328 <listitem><para>Improve free space map allocation logic (Tom)</para></listitem>
3331 <para>Preserve free space information between server restarts (Tom)</para>
3333 In prior releases, the free space map was not saved when the
3334 postmaster was stopped, so newly started servers had no free
3335 space information. This release saves the free space map, and
3336 reloads it when the server is restarted.
3340 <listitem><para>Add start time to <literal>pg_stat_activity</literal> (Neil)</para></listitem>
3341 <listitem><para>New code to detect corrupt disk pages; erase with <varname>zero_damaged_pages</varname> (Tom)</para></listitem>
3342 <listitem><para>New client/server protocol: faster, no username length limit, allow clean exit from <command>COPY</command> (Tom)</para></listitem>
3343 <listitem><para>Add transaction status, table ID, column ID to client/server protocol (Tom)</para></listitem>
3344 <listitem><para>Add binary I/O to client/server protocol (Tom)</para></listitem>
3345 <listitem><para>Remove autocommit server setting; move to client applications (Tom)</para></listitem>
3346 <listitem><para>New error message wording, error codes, and three levels of error detail (Tom, Joe, Peter)</para></listitem>
3351 <title>Performance Improvements</title>
3354 <listitem><para>Add hashing for <literal>GROUP BY</literal> aggregates (Tom)</para></listitem>
3355 <listitem><para>Make nested-loop joins be smarter about multicolumn indexes (Tom)</para></listitem>
3356 <listitem><para>Allow multikey hash joins (Tom)</para></listitem>
3357 <listitem><para>Improve constant folding (Tom)</para></listitem>
3358 <listitem><para>Add ability to inline simple SQL functions (Tom)</para></listitem>
3361 <para>Reduce memory usage for queries using complex functions (Tom)</para>
3363 In prior releases, functions returning allocated memory would
3364 not free it until the query completed. This release allows the
3365 freeing of function-allocated memory when the function call
3366 completes, reducing the total memory used by functions.
3371 <para>Improve GEQO optimizer performance (Tom)</para>
3373 This release fixes several inefficiencies in the way the GEQO optimizer
3374 manages potential query paths.
3380 Allow <literal>IN</>/<literal>NOT IN</> to be handled via hash
3387 Improve <literal>NOT IN (<replaceable>subquery</>)</literal>
3394 Allow most <literal>IN</literal> subqueries to be processed as
3401 Pattern matching operations can use indexes regardless of
3405 There is no way for non-ASCII locales to use the standard
3406 indexes for <literal>LIKE</literal> comparisons. This release
3407 adds a way to create a special index for
3408 <literal>LIKE</literal>.
3413 <para>Allow the postmaster to preload libraries using <varname>preload_libraries</varname> (Joe)</para>
3415 For shared libraries that require a long time to load, this
3416 option is available so the library can be preloaded in the
3417 postmaster and inherited by all database sessions.
3423 Improve optimizer cost computations, particularly for subqueries (Tom)
3429 Avoid sort when subquery <literal>ORDER BY</literal> matches upper query (Tom)
3435 Deduce that <literal>WHERE a.x = b.y AND b.y = 42</literal> also
3436 means <literal>a.x = 42</literal> (Tom)
3442 Allow hash/merge joins on complex joins (Tom)
3448 Allow hash joins for more data types (Tom)
3454 Allow join optimization of explicit inner joins, disable with
3455 <varname>join_collapse_limit</varname> (Tom)
3461 Add parameter <varname>from_collapse_limit</varname> to control
3462 conversion of subqueries to joins (Tom)
3468 Use faster and more powerful regular expression code from Tcl
3469 (Henry Spencer, Tom)
3475 Use bit-mapped relation sets in the optimizer (Tom)
3480 <para>Improve connection startup time (Tom)</para>
3482 The new client/server protocol requires fewer network packets to
3483 start a database session.
3489 Improve trigger/constraint performance (Stephan)
3495 Improve speed of <literal>col IN (const, const, const, ...)</literal> (Tom)
3501 Fix hash indexes which were broken in rare cases (Tom)
3505 <listitem><para>Improve hash index concurrency and speed (Tom)</para>
3507 Prior releases suffered from poor hash index performance,
3508 particularly for high concurrency situations. This release fixes
3509 that, and the development group is interested in reports
3510 comparing B-tree and hash index performance.
3515 <para>Align shared buffers on 32-byte boundary for copy speed improvement (Manfred Spraul)</para>
3517 Certain CPU's perform faster data copies when addresses are
3523 <para>Data type <type>numeric</type> reimplemented for better performance (Tom)</para>
3525 <type>numeric</type> used to be stored in base 100. The new code
3526 uses base 10000, for significantly better performance.
3533 <title>Server Configuration Changes</title>
3537 <para>Rename server parameter <varname>server_min_messages</> to <varname>log_min_messages</> (Bruce)</para>
3539 This was done so most parameters that control the server logs
3540 begin with <literal>log_</>.
3544 <listitem><para>Rename <varname>show_*_stats</> to <varname>log_*_stats</> (Bruce)</para></listitem>
3545 <listitem><para>Rename <varname>show_source_port</> to <varname>log_source_port</> (Bruce)</para></listitem>
3546 <listitem><para>Rename <varname>hostname_lookup</> to <varname>log_hostname</> (Bruce)</para></listitem>
3549 <para>Add <varname>checkpoint_warning</> to warn of excessive checkpointing (Bruce)</para>
3551 In prior releases, it was difficult to determine if checkpoint
3552 was happening too frequently. This feature adds a warning to the
3553 server logs when excessive checkpointing happens.
3557 <listitem><para>New read-only server parameters for localization (Tom)</para></listitem>
3561 Change debug server log messages to output as <literal>DEBUG</>
3562 rather than <literal>LOG</> (Bruce)
3567 <para>Prevent server log variables from being turned off by non-superusers (Bruce)</para>
3569 This is a security feature so non-superusers cannot disable
3570 logging that was enabled by the administrator.
3576 <varname>log_min_messages</>/<varname>client_min_messages</> now
3577 controls <varname>debug_*</> output (Bruce)
3580 This centralizes client debug information so all debug output
3581 can be sent to either the client or server logs.
3586 <para>Add Mac OS X Rendezvous server support (Chris Campbell)</para>
3588 This allows Mac OS X hosts to query the network for available
3589 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> servers.
3595 Add ability to print only slow statements using
3596 <varname>log_min_duration_statement</varname>
3600 This is an often requested debugging feature that allows
3601 administrators to see only slow queries in their server logs.
3606 <para>Allow <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename> to accept netmasks in CIDR format (Andrew Dunstan)</para>
3608 This allows administrators to merge the host IP address and
3609 netmask fields into a single CIDR field in <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename>.
3613 <listitem><para>New read-only parameter <varname>is_superuser</varname> (Tom)</para></listitem>
3616 <para>New parameter <varname>log_error_verbosity</varname> to control error detail (Tom)</para>
3618 This works with the new error reporting feature to supply
3619 additional error information like hints, file names and line
3625 <para><literal>postgres --describe-config</literal> now dumps server config variables (Aizaz Ahmed, Peter)</para>
3627 This option is useful for administration tools that need to know
3628 the configuration variable names and their minimums, maximums,
3629 defaults, and descriptions.
3635 Add new columns in <literal>pg_settings</literal>:
3636 <literal>context</>, <literal>type</>, <literal>source</>,
3637 <literal>min_val</>, <literal>max_val</> (Joe)
3643 Make default <varname>shared_buffers</> 1000 and
3644 <varname>max_connections</> 100, if possible (Tom)
3647 Prior versions defaulted to 64 shared buffers so <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
3648 would start on even very old systems. This release tests the
3649 amount of shared memory allowed by the platform and selects more
3650 reasonable default values if possible. Of course, users are
3651 still encouraged to evaluate their resource load and size
3652 <varname>shared_buffers</varname> accordingly.
3658 New <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename> record type
3659 <literal>hostnossl</> to prevent SSL connections (Jon
3663 In prior releases, there was no way to prevent SSL connections
3664 if both the client and server supported SSL. This option allows
3671 Remove parameter <varname>geqo_random_seed</varname>
3678 Add server parameter <varname>regex_flavor</varname> to control regular expression processing (Tom)
3684 Make <command>pg_ctl</command> better handle nonstandard ports (Greg)
3691 <title>Query Changes</title>
3694 <listitem><para>New SQL-standard information schema (Peter)</para></listitem>
3695 <listitem><para>Add read-only transactions (Peter)</para></listitem>
3696 <listitem><para>Print key name and value in foreign-key violation messages (Dmitry Tkach)</para></listitem>
3699 <para>Allow users to see their own queries in <literal>pg_stat_activity</literal> (Kevin Brown)</para>
3701 In prior releases, only the superuser could see query strings
3702 using <literal>pg_stat_activity</literal>. Now ordinary users
3703 can see their own query strings.
3708 <para>Fix aggregates in subqueries to match SQL standard (Tom)</para>
3710 The SQL standard says that an aggregate function appearing
3711 within a nested subquery belongs to the outer query if its
3712 argument contains only outer-query variables. Prior
3713 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> releases did not handle
3714 this fine point correctly.
3719 <para>Add option to prevent auto-addition of tables referenced in query (Nigel J. Andrews)</para>
3721 By default, tables mentioned in the query are automatically
3722 added to the <literal>FROM</> clause if they are not already
3723 there. This is compatible with historic
3724 <productname>POSTGRES</productname> behavior but is contrary to
3725 the SQL standard. This option allows selecting
3726 standard-compatible behavior.
3731 <para>Allow <literal>UPDATE ... SET col = DEFAULT</literal> (Rod)</para>
3733 This allows <command>UPDATE</command> to set a column to its
3734 declared default value.
3739 <para>Allow expressions to be used in <literal>LIMIT</>/<literal>OFFSET</> (Tom)</para>
3741 In prior releases, <literal>LIMIT</>/<literal>OFFSET</> could
3742 only use constants, not expressions.
3747 <para>Implement <literal>CREATE TABLE AS EXECUTE</literal> (Neil, Peter)</para>
3753 <title>Object Manipulation Changes</title>
3757 <para>Make <command>CREATE SEQUENCE</command> grammar more conforming to SQL:2003 (Neil)</para>
3761 <para>Add statement-level triggers (Neil)</para>
3763 While this allows a trigger to fire at the end of a statement,
3764 it does not allow the trigger to access all rows modified by the
3765 statement. This capability is planned for a future release.
3770 <para>Add check constraints for domains (Rod)</para>
3772 This greatly increases the usefulness of domains by allowing
3773 them to use check constraints.
3778 <para>Add <command>ALTER DOMAIN</command> (Rod)</para>
3780 This allows manipulation of existing domains.
3785 <para>Fix several zero-column table bugs (Tom)</para>
3787 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> supports zero-column tables. This fixes various bugs
3788 that occur when using such tables.
3793 <para>Have <literal>ALTER TABLE ... ADD PRIMARY KEY</literal> add not-null constraint (Rod)</para>
3795 In prior releases, <literal>ALTER TABLE ... ADD
3796 PRIMARY</literal> would add a unique index, but not a not-null
3797 constraint. That is fixed in this release.
3801 <listitem><para>Add <literal>ALTER TABLE ... WITHOUT OIDS</literal> (Rod)</para>
3803 This allows control over whether new and updated rows will have
3804 an OID column. This is most useful for saving storage space.
3810 Add <literal>ALTER SEQUENCE</literal> to modify minimum, maximum,
3811 increment, cache, cycle values (Rod)
3816 <para>Add <literal>ALTER TABLE ... CLUSTER ON</literal> (Alvaro Herrera)</para>
3818 This command is used by <command>pg_dump</command> to record the
3819 cluster column for each table previously clustered. This
3820 information is used by database-wide cluster to cluster all
3821 previously clustered tables.
3825 <listitem><para>Improve automatic type casting for domains (Rod, Tom)</para></listitem>
3826 <listitem><para>Allow dollar signs in identifiers, except as first character (Tom)</para></listitem>
3827 <listitem><para>Disallow dollar signs in operator names, so <literal>x=$1</> works (Tom)</para></listitem>
3831 Allow copying table schema using <literal>LIKE
3832 <replaceable>subtable</replaceable></literal>, also SQL:2003
3833 feature <literal>INCLUDING DEFAULTS</literal> (Rod)
3839 Add <literal>WITH GRANT OPTION</literal> clause to
3840 <command>GRANT</command> (Peter)
3843 This enabled <command>GRANT</command> to give other users the
3844 ability to grant privileges on a object.
3851 <title>Utility Command Changes</title>
3855 <para>Add <literal>ON COMMIT</literal> clause to <command>CREATE TABLE</command> for temporary tables (Gavin)</para>
3857 This adds the ability for a table to be dropped or all rows
3858 deleted on transaction commit.
3863 <para>Allow cursors outside transactions using <literal>WITH HOLD</literal> (Neil)</para>
3865 In previous releases, cursors were removed at the end of the
3866 transaction that created them. Cursors can now be created with
3867 the <literal>WITH HOLD</literal> option, which allows them to
3868 continue to be accessed after the creating transaction has
3874 <para><literal>FETCH 0</literal> and <literal>MOVE 0 </literal> now do nothing (Bruce)</para>
3876 In previous releases, <literal>FETCH 0</literal> fetched all
3877 remaining rows, and <literal>MOVE 0</literal> moved to the end
3884 Cause <command>FETCH</command> and <command>MOVE</command> to
3885 return the number of rows fetched/moved, or zero if at the
3886 beginning/end of cursor, per SQL standard (Bruce)
3889 In prior releases, the row count returned by
3890 <command>FETCH</command> and <command>MOVE</command> did not
3891 accurately reflect the number of rows processed.
3896 <para>Properly handle <literal>SCROLL</literal> with cursors, or
3897 report an error (Neil)</para>
3899 Allowing random access (both forward and backward scrolling) to
3900 some kinds of queries cannot be done without some additional
3901 work. If <literal>SCROLL</literal> is specified when the cursor
3902 is created, this additional work will be performed. Furthermore,
3903 if the cursor has been created with <literal>NO SCROLL</literal>,
3904 no random access is allowed.
3910 Implement SQL-compatible options <literal>FIRST</>,
3911 <literal>LAST</>, <literal>ABSOLUTE <replaceable>n</></>,
3912 <literal>RELATIVE <replaceable>n</></> for
3913 <command>FETCH</command> and <command>MOVE</command> (Tom)
3918 <para>Allow <command>EXPLAIN</command> on <command>DECLARE CURSOR</command> (Tom)</para>
3922 <para>Allow <command>CLUSTER</command> to use index marked as pre-clustered by default (Alvaro Herrera)</para>
3926 <para>Allow <command>CLUSTER</command> to cluster all tables (Alvaro Herrera)</para>
3928 This allows all previously clustered tables in a database to be
3929 reclustered with a single command.
3933 <listitem><para>Prevent <command>CLUSTER</command> on partial indexes (Tom)</para></listitem>
3935 <listitem><para>Allow DOS and Mac line-endings in <command>COPY</> files (Bruce)</para></listitem>
3939 Disallow literal carriage return as a data value,
3940 backslash-carriage-return and <literal>\r</> are still allowed
3946 <para><command>COPY</> changes (binary, <literal>\.</>) (Tom)</para>
3950 <para>Recover from <command>COPY</command> failure cleanly (Tom)</para>
3954 <para>Prevent possible memory leaks in <command>COPY</command> (Tom)</para>
3958 <para>Make <command>TRUNCATE</command> transaction-safe (Rod)</para>
3960 <command>TRUNCATE</command> can now be used inside a
3961 transaction. If the transaction aborts, the changes made by the
3962 <command>TRUNCATE</command> are automatically rolled back.
3968 Allow prepare/bind of utility commands like
3969 <command>FETCH</command> and <command>EXPLAIN</command> (Tom)
3974 <para>Add <command>EXPLAIN EXECUTE</command> (Neil)</para>
3978 <para>Improve <command>VACUUM</command> performance on indexes by reducing WAL traffic (Tom)</para>
3982 <para>Functional indexes have been generalized into indexes on expressions (Tom)</para>
3984 In prior releases, functional indexes only supported a simple
3985 function applied to one or more column names. This release
3986 allows any type of scalar expression.
3992 Have <command>SHOW TRANSACTION ISOLATION</command> match input
3993 to <command>SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION</command>
4000 Have <command>COMMENT ON DATABASE</command> on nonlocal
4001 database generate a warning, rather than an error (Rod)
4005 Database comments are stored in database-local tables so
4006 comments on a database have to be stored in each database.
4012 Improve reliability of <command>LISTEN</>/<command>NOTIFY</> (Tom)
4017 <para>Allow <command>REINDEX</command> to reliably reindex nonshared system catalog indexes (Tom)</para>
4019 This allows system tables to be reindexed without the
4020 requirement of a standalone session, which was necessary in
4021 previous releases. The only tables that now require a standalone
4022 session for reindexing are the global system tables
4023 <literal>pg_database</>, <literal>pg_shadow</>, and
4024 <literal>pg_group</>.
4031 <title>Data Type and Function Changes</title>
4036 New server parameter <varname>extra_float_digits</varname> to
4037 control precision display of floating-point numbers (Pedro
4041 This controls output precision which was causing regression
4046 <listitem><para>Allow <literal>+1300</literal> as a numeric time-zone specifier, for FJST (Tom)</para></listitem>
4050 Remove rarely used functions <function>oidrand</>,
4051 <function>oidsrand</>, and <function>userfntest</> functions
4057 <para>Add <function>md5()</> function to main server, already in <filename>contrib/pgcrypto</filename> (Joe)</para>
4059 An MD5 function was frequently requested. For more complex
4060 encryption capabilities, use
4061 <filename>contrib/pgcrypto</filename>.
4065 <listitem><para>Increase date range of <type>timestamp</type> (John Cochran)</para></listitem>
4069 Change <literal>EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM timestamp)</literal> so
4070 <type>timestamp without time zone</type> is assumed to be in
4071 local time, not GMT (Tom)
4075 <listitem><para>Trap division by zero in case the operating system doesn't prevent it (Tom)</para></listitem>
4076 <listitem><para>Change the <type>numeric</type> data type internally to base 10000 (Tom)</para></listitem>
4077 <listitem><para>New <function>hostmask()</function> function (Greg Wickham)</para></listitem>
4078 <listitem><para>Fixes for <function>to_char()</function> and <function>to_timestamp()</function> (Karel)</para></listitem>
4082 Allow functions that can take any argument data type and return
4083 any data type, using <type>anyelement</type> and
4084 <type>anyarray</type> (Joe)
4087 This allows the creation of functions that can work with any
4094 Arrays may now be specified as <literal>ARRAY[1,2,3]</literal>,
4095 <literal>ARRAY[['a','b'],['c','d']]</literal>, or
4096 <literal>ARRAY[ARRAY[ARRAY[2]]]</literal> (Joe)
4102 Allow proper comparisons for arrays, including <literal>ORDER
4103 BY</literal> and <literal>DISTINCT</literal> support
4108 <listitem><para>Allow indexes on array columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
4109 <listitem><para>Allow array concatenation with <literal>||</literal> (Joe)</para></listitem>
4113 Allow <literal>WHERE</literal> qualification
4114 <literal><replaceable>expr</> <replaceable>op</> ANY/SOME/ALL
4115 (<replaceable>array_expr</>)</literal> (Joe)
4118 This allows arrays to behave like a list of values, for purposes
4119 like <literal>SELECT * FROM tab WHERE col IN
4120 (array_val)</literal>.
4126 New array functions <function>array_append</>,
4127 <function>array_cat</>, <function>array_lower</>,
4128 <function>array_prepend</>, <function>array_to_string</>,
4129 <function>array_upper</>, <function>string_to_array</> (Joe)
4133 <listitem><para>Allow user defined aggregates to use polymorphic functions (Joe)</para></listitem>
4134 <listitem><para>Allow assignments to empty arrays (Joe)</para></listitem>
4138 Allow 60 in seconds fields of <type>time</type>,
4139 <type>timestamp</type>, and <type>interval</type> input values
4143 Sixty-second values are needed for leap seconds.
4147 <listitem><para>Allow <type>cidr</type> data type to be cast to <type>text</type> (Tom)</para></listitem>
4149 <listitem><para>Disallow invalid time zone names in SET TIMEZONE</para></listitem>
4153 Trim trailing spaces when <type>char</type> is cast to
4154 <type>varchar</> or <type>text</> (Tom)
4160 Make <type>float(<replaceable>p</>)</> measure the precision
4161 <replaceable>p</> in binary digits, not decimal digits
4167 <para>Add IPv6 support to the <type>inet</type> and <type>cidr</type> data types (Michael Graff)</para>
4171 <para>Add <function>family()</function> function to report whether address is IPv4 or IPv6 (Michael Graff)</para>
4176 Have <literal>SHOW datestyle</literal> generate output similar
4177 to that used by <literal>SET datestyle</literal> (Tom)
4183 Make <literal>EXTRACT(TIMEZONE)</literal> and <literal>SET/SHOW
4184 TIME ZONE</literal> follow the SQL convention for the sign of
4185 time zone offsets, i.e., positive is east from UTC (Tom)
4190 <para>Fix <literal>date_trunc('quarter', ...)</literal> (Böjthe Zoltán)</para>
4192 Prior releases returned an incorrect value for this function call.
4197 <para>Make <function>initcap()</function> more compatible with Oracle (Mike Nolan)</para>
4199 <function>initcap()</function> now uppercases a letter appearing
4200 after any non-alphanumeric character, rather than only after
4206 <para>Allow only <varname>datestyle</varname> field order for date values not in ISO-8601 format (Greg)</para>
4211 Add new <varname>datestyle</varname> values <literal>MDY</>,
4212 <literal>DMY</>, and <literal>YMD</> to set input field order;
4213 honor <literal>US</> and <literal>European</> for backward
4220 String literals like <literal>'now'</literal> or
4221 <literal>'today'</literal> will no longer work as a column
4222 default. Use functions such as <function>now()</function>,
4223 <function>current_timestamp</function> instead. (change
4224 required for prepared statements) (Tom)
4229 <para>Treat NaN as larger than any other value in <function>min()</>/<function>max()</> (Tom)</para>
4231 NaN was already sorted after ordinary numeric values for most
4232 purposes, but <function>min()</> and <function>max()</> didn't
4238 <para>Prevent interval from suppressing <literal>:00</literal>
4239 seconds display</para>
4244 New functions <function>pg_get_triggerdef(prettyprint)</function>
4245 and <function>pg_conversion_is_visible()</function> (Christopher)
4250 <para>Allow time to be specified as <literal>040506</> or <literal>0405</> (Tom)</para>
4255 Input date order must now be <literal>YYYY-MM-DD</literal> (with 4-digit year) or
4256 match <varname>datestyle</varname>
4262 Make <function>pg_get_constraintdef</function> support
4263 unique, primary-key, and check constraints (Christopher)
4270 <title>Server-Side Language Changes</title>
4275 Prevent PL/pgSQL crash when <literal>RETURN NEXT</literal> is
4276 used on a zero-row record variable (Tom)
4282 Make PL/Python's <function>spi_execute</function> interface
4283 handle null values properly (Andrew Bosma)
4288 <para>Allow PL/pgSQL to declare variables of composite types without <literal>%ROWTYPE</literal> (Tom)</para>
4292 <para>Fix PL/Python's <function>_quote()</function> function to handle big integers</para>
4296 <para>Make PL/Python an untrusted language, now called <literal>plpythonu</literal> (Kevin Jacobs, Tom)</para>
4298 The Python language no longer supports a restricted execution
4299 environment, so the trusted version of PL/Python was removed. If
4300 this situation changes, a version of PL/Python that can be used
4301 by non-superusers will be readded.
4306 <para>Allow polymorphic PL/pgSQL functions (Joe, Tom)</para>
4310 <para>Allow polymorphic SQL functions (Joe)</para>
4315 Improved compiled function caching mechanism in PL/pgSQL with
4316 full support for polymorphism (Joe)
4322 Add new parameter <literal>$0</> in PL/pgSQL representing the
4323 function's actual return type (Joe)
4329 Allow PL/Tcl and PL/Python to use the same trigger on multiple tables (Tom)
4335 Fixed PL/Tcl's <function>spi_prepare</function> to accept fully
4336 qualified type names in the parameter type list
4344 <title>psql Changes</title>
4348 <para>Add <literal>\pset pager always</literal> to always use pager (Greg)</para>
4350 This forces the pager to be used even if the number of rows is
4351 less than the screen height. This is valuable for rows that
4352 wrap across several screen rows.
4356 <listitem><para>Improve tab completion (Rod, Ross Reedstrom, Ian Barwick)</para></listitem>
4357 <listitem><para>Reorder <literal>\?</> help into groupings (Harald Armin Massa, Bruce)</para></listitem>
4358 <listitem><para>Add backslash commands for listing schemas, casts, and conversions (Christopher)</para></listitem>
4362 <command>\encoding</> now changes based on the server parameter
4363 <varname>client_encoding</varname> (Tom)
4366 In previous versions, <command>\encoding</command> was not aware
4367 of encoding changes made using <literal>SET
4368 client_encoding</literal>.
4373 <para>Save editor buffer into readline history (Ross)</para>
4375 When <command>\e</> is used to edit a query, the result is saved
4376 in the readline history for retrieval using the up arrow.
4380 <listitem><para>Improve <command>\d</command> display (Christopher)</para></listitem>
4381 <listitem><para>Enhance HTML mode to be more standards-conforming (Greg)</para></listitem>
4384 <para>New <command>\set AUTOCOMMIT off</command> capability (Tom)</para>
4386 This takes the place of the removed server parameter <varname>autocommit</varname>.
4391 <para>New <command>\set VERBOSITY</command> to control error detail (Tom)</para>
4393 This controls the new error reporting details.
4397 <listitem><para>New prompt escape sequence <literal>%x</literal> to show transaction status (Tom)</para></listitem>
4398 <listitem><para>Long options for <application>psql</application> are now available on all platforms</para></listitem>
4403 <title>pg_dump Changes</title>
4406 <listitem><para>Multiple pg_dump fixes, including tar format and large objects</para></listitem>
4407 <listitem><para>Allow pg_dump to dump specific schemas (Neil)</para></listitem>
4410 <para>Make pg_dump preserve column storage characteristics (Christopher)</para>
4412 This preserves <literal>ALTER TABLE ... SET STORAGE</literal> information.
4416 <listitem><para>Make pg_dump preserve <command>CLUSTER</command> characteristics (Christopher)</para></listitem>
4420 Have pg_dumpall use <command>GRANT</>/<command>REVOKE</> to dump database-level privleges (Tom)
4426 Allow pg_dumpall to support the options <option>-a</>,
4427 <option>-s</>, <option>-x</> of pg_dump (Tom)
4431 <listitem><para>Prevent pg_dump from lowercasing identifiers specified on the command line (Tom)</para></listitem>
4435 pg_dump options <option>--use-set-session-authorization</option>
4436 and <option>--no-reconnect</option> now do nothing, all dumps
4437 use <command>SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</command>
4440 pg_dump no longer reconnects to switch users, but instead always
4441 uses <command>SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</command>. This will
4442 reduce password prompting during restores.
4447 <para>Long options for <application>pg_dump</application> are now available on all platforms</para>
4449 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> now includes its own
4450 long-option processing routines.
4457 <title>libpq Changes</title>
4462 Add function <function>PQfreemem</function> for freeing memory on
4463 Windows, suggested for <command>NOTIFY</command> (Bruce)
4466 Windows requires that memory allocated in a library be freed by
4467 a function in the same library, hence
4468 <function>free()</function> doesn't work for freeing memory
4469 allocated by libpq. <function>PQfreemem</function> is the proper
4470 way to free libpq memory, especially on Windows, and is
4471 recommended for other platforms as well.
4476 <para>Document service capability, and add sample file (Bruce)</para>
4478 This allows clients to look up connection information in a
4479 central file on the client machine.
4485 Make <function>PQsetdbLogin</function> have the same defaults as
4486 <function>PQconnectdb</function> (Tom)
4490 <listitem><para>Allow libpq to cleanly fail when result sets are too large (Tom)</para></listitem>
4494 Improve performance of function <function>PQunescapeBytea</function> (Ben Lamb)
4500 Allow thread-safe libpq with <filename>configure</filename>
4501 option <option>--enable-thread-safety</option> (Lee Kindness,
4508 Allow function <function>pqInternalNotice</function> to accept a
4509 format string and arguments instead of just a preformatted
4510 message (Tom, Sean Chittenden)
4516 Control SSL negotiation with <literal>sslmode</literal> values
4517 <literal>disable</literal>, <literal>allow</literal>,
4518 <literal>prefer</literal>, and <literal>require</literal> (Jon
4524 <para>Allow new error codes and levels of text (Tom)</para>
4528 <para>Allow access to the underlying table and column of a query result (Tom)</para>
4530 This is helpful for query-builder applications that want to know
4531 the underlying table and column names associated with a specific
4536 <listitem><para>Allow access to the current transaction status (Tom)</para></listitem>
4537 <listitem><para>Add ability to pass binary data directly to the server (Tom)</para></listitem>
4541 Add function <function>PQexecPrepared</function> and
4542 <function>PQsendQueryPrepared</function> functions which perform
4543 bind/execute of previously prepared statements (Tom)
4550 <title>JDBC Changes</title>
4553 <listitem><para>Allow <function>setNull</function> on updateable result sets</para></listitem>
4554 <listitem><para>Allow <function>executeBatch</function> on a prepared statement (Barry)</para></listitem>
4555 <listitem><para>Support SSL connections (Barry)</para></listitem>
4556 <listitem><para>Handle schema names in result sets (Paul Sorenson)</para></listitem>
4557 <listitem><para>Add refcursor support (Nic Ferrier)</para></listitem>
4562 <title>Miscellaneous Interface Changes</title>
4566 <para>Prevent possible memory leak or core dump during libpgtcl shutdown (Tom)</para>
4569 <para>Add Informix compatibility to ECPG (Michael)</para>
4571 This allows ECPG to process embedded C programs that were
4572 written using certain Informix extensions.
4577 <para>Add type <type>decimal</type> to ECPG that is fixed length, for Informix (Michael)</para>
4582 Allow thread-safe embedded SQL programs with
4583 <filename>configure</filename> option
4584 <option>--enable-thread-safety</option> (Lee Kindness, Bruce)
4587 This allows multiple threads to access the database at the same
4593 <para>Moved Python client PyGreSQL to <ulink url="http://www.pygresql.org"></ulink> (Marc)</para>
4599 <title>Source Code Changes</title>
4602 <listitem><para>Prevent need for separate platform geometry regression result files (Tom)</para></listitem>
4603 <listitem><para>Improved PPC locking primitive (Reinhard Max)</para></listitem>
4604 <listitem><para>New function <function>palloc0</function> to allocate and clear memory (Bruce)</para></listitem>
4605 <listitem><para>Fix locking code for s390x CPU (64-bit) (Tom)</para></listitem>
4606 <listitem><para>Allow OpenBSD to use local ident credentials (William Ahern)</para></listitem>
4607 <listitem><para>Make query plan trees read-only to executor (Tom)</para></listitem>
4608 <listitem><para>Add Darwin startup scripts (David Wheeler)</para></listitem>
4609 <listitem><para>Allow libpq to compile with Borland C++ compiler (Lester Godwin, Karl Waclawek)</para></listitem>
4610 <listitem><para>Use our own version of <function>getopt_long()</function> if needed (Peter)</para></listitem>
4611 <listitem><para>Convert administration scripts to C (Peter)</para></listitem>
4612 <listitem><para> Bison >= 1.85 is now required to build the <productname>PostgreSQL</> grammar, if building from CVS</para></listitem>
4613 <listitem><para>Merge documentation into one book (Peter)</para></listitem>
4614 <listitem><para>Add Windows compatibility functions (Bruce)</para></listitem>
4615 <listitem><para>Allow client interfaces to compile under MinGW (Bruce)</para></listitem>
4616 <listitem><para>New <function>ereport()</function> function for error reporting (Tom)</para></listitem>
4617 <listitem><para>Support Intel compiler on Linux (Peter)</para></listitem>
4618 <listitem><para>Improve Linux startup scripts (Slawomir Sudnik, Darko Prenosil)</para></listitem>
4619 <listitem><para>Add support for AMD Opteron and Itanium (Jeffrey W. Baker, Bruce)</para></listitem>
4621 <para>Remove <option>--enable-recode</option> option from <command>configure</command></para>
4623 This was no longer needed now that we have <command>CREATE CONVERSION</command>.
4627 <para>Generate a compile error if spinlock code is not found (Bruce)</para>
4629 Platforms without spinlock code will now fail to compile, rather
4630 than silently using semaphores. This failure can be disabled
4631 with a new <command>configure</command> option.
4638 <title>Contrib Changes</title>
4641 <listitem><para>Change dbmirror license to BSD</para></listitem>
4642 <listitem><para>Improve earthdistance (Bruno Wolff III)</para></listitem>
4643 <listitem><para>Portability improvements to pgcrypto (Marko Kreen)</para></listitem>
4644 <listitem><para>Prevent crash in xml (John Gray, Michael Richards)</para></listitem>
4645 <listitem><para>Update oracle</para></listitem>
4646 <listitem><para>Update mysql</para></listitem>
4647 <listitem><para>Update cube (Bruno Wolff III)</para></listitem>
4648 <listitem><para>Update earthdistance to use cube (Bruno Wolff III)</para></listitem>
4649 <listitem><para>Update btree_gist (Oleg)</para></listitem>
4650 <listitem><para>New tsearch2 full-text search module (Oleg, Teodor)</para></listitem>
4651 <listitem><para>Add hash-based crosstab function to tablefuncs (Joe)</para></listitem>
4652 <listitem><para>Add serial column to order <function>connectby()</> siblings in tablefuncs (Nabil Sayegh,Joe)</para></listitem>
4653 <listitem><para>Add named persistent connections to dblink (Shridhar Daithanka)</para></listitem>
4654 <listitem><para>New pg_autovacuum allows automatic <command>VACUUM</command> (Matthew T. O'Connor)</para></listitem>
4655 <listitem><para>Make pgbench honor environment variables <envar>PGHOST</>, <envar>PGPORT</>, <envar>PGUSER</> (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
4656 <listitem><para>Improve intarray (Teodor Sigaev)</para></listitem>
4657 <listitem><para>Improve pgstattuple (Rod)</para></listitem>
4658 <listitem><para>Fix bug in <function>metaphone()</function> in fuzzystrmatch</para></listitem>
4659 <listitem><para>Improve adddepend (Rod)</para></listitem>
4660 <listitem><para>Update spi/timetravel (Böjthe Zoltán)</para></listitem>
4661 <listitem><para>Fix dbase <option>-s</> option and improve non-ASCII handling (Thomas Behr, Márcio Smiderle)</para></listitem>
4662 <listitem><para>Remove array module because features now included by default (Joe)</para></listitem>
4668 <sect1 id="release-7-3-8">
4669 <title>Release 7.3.8</title>
4672 <title>Release date</title>
4673 <simpara>2004-10-22</simpara>
4677 This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.7.
4682 <title>Migration to version 7.3.8</title>
4685 A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.
4690 <title>Changes</title>
4693 <listitem><para>Repair possible failure to update hint bits on disk</para>
4695 Under rare circumstances this oversight could lead to
4696 <quote>could not access transaction status</> failures, which qualifies
4697 it as a potential-data-loss bug.
4699 <listitem><para>Ensure that hashed outer join does not miss tuples</para>
4701 Very large left joins using a hash join plan could fail to output unmatched
4702 left-side rows given just the right data distribution.
4704 <listitem><para>Disallow running pg_ctl as root</para>
4706 This is to guard against any possible security issues.
4708 <listitem><para>Avoid using temp files in /tmp in make_oidjoins_check</para>
4710 This has been reported as a security issue, though it's hardly worthy of
4711 concern since there is no reason for non-developers to use this script anyway.
4718 <sect1 id="release-7-3-7">
4719 <title>Release 7.3.7</title>
4722 <title>Release date</title>
4723 <simpara>2004-08-16</simpara>
4727 This release contains one critical fix over 7.3.6, and some minor items.
4732 <title>Migration to version 7.3.7</title>
4735 A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.
4740 <title>Changes</title>
4743 <listitem><para>Prevent possible loss of committed transactions during crash</para>
4745 Due to insufficient interlocking between transaction commit and checkpointing,
4746 it was possible for transactions committed just before the most recent
4747 checkpoint to be lost, in whole or in part, following a database crash and
4748 restart. This is a serious bug that has existed
4749 since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
4751 <listitem><para>Remove asymmetrical word processing in tsearch (Teodor)</para></listitem>
4752 <listitem><para>Properly schema-qualify function names when pg_dump'ing a CAST</para></listitem>
4758 <sect1 id="release-7-3-6">
4759 <title>Release 7.3.6</title>
4762 <title>Release date</title>
4763 <simpara>2004-03-02</simpara>
4767 This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.5.
4772 <title>Migration to version 7.3.6</title>
4775 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
4782 <title>Changes</title>
4785 <listitem><para>Revert erroneous changes in rule permissions checking</para>
4786 <para>A patch applied in 7.3.3 to fix a corner case in rule permissions checks
4787 turns out to have disabled rule-related permissions checks in many
4788 not-so-corner cases. This would for example allow users to insert into views
4789 they weren't supposed to have permission to insert into. We have therefore
4790 reverted the 7.3.3 patch. The original bug will be fixed in 8.0.
4792 <listitem><para>Repair incorrect order of operations in
4793 GetNewTransactionId()</para>
4795 This bug could result in failure under out-of-disk-space conditions, including
4796 inability to restart even after disk space is freed.
4798 <listitem><para>Ensure configure selects -fno-strict-aliasing even when
4799 an external value for CFLAGS is supplied</para>
4801 On some platforms, building with -fstrict-aliasing causes bugs.
4803 <listitem><para>Make pg_restore handle 64-bit off_t correctly</para>
4805 This bug prevented proper restoration from archive files exceeding 4Gb.
4807 <listitem><para>Make contrib/dblink not assume that local and remote type OIDs
4808 match (Joe)</para></listitem>
4809 <listitem><para>Quote connectby()'s start_with argument properly (Joe)</para></listitem>
4810 <listitem><para>Don't crash when a rowtype argument to a plpgsql function is
4811 NULL</para></listitem>
4812 <listitem><para>Avoid generating invalid character encoding sequences in
4813 corner cases when planning LIKE operations</para></listitem>
4814 <listitem><para>Ensure text_position() cannot scan past end of source string
4815 in multibyte cases (Korea PostgreSQL Users' Group)</para></listitem>
4816 <listitem><para>Fix index optimization and selectivity estimates for LIKE
4817 operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
4823 <sect1 id="release-7-3-5">
4824 <title>Release 7.3.5</title>
4827 <title>Release date</title>
4828 <simpara>2003-12-03</simpara>
4832 This has a variety of fixes from 7.3.4.
4837 <title>Migration to version 7.3.5</title>
4840 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
4846 <title>Changes</title>
4849 <listitem><para>Force zero_damaged_pages to be on during recovery from WAL</para></listitem>
4850 <listitem><para>Prevent some obscure cases of <quote>variable not in subplan target lists</quote></para></listitem>
4851 <listitem><para>Force stats processes to detach from shared memory, ensuring cleaner shutdown</para></listitem>
4852 <listitem><para>Make PQescapeBytea and byteaout consistent with each other (Joe)</para></listitem>
4853 <listitem><para>Added missing SPI_finish() calls to dblink's get_tuple_of_interest() (Joe)</para></listitem>
4854 <listitem><para>Fix for possible foreign key violation when rule rewrites INSERT (Jan)</para></listitem>
4855 <listitem><para>Support qualified type names in PL/Tcl's spi_prepare command (Jan)</para></listitem>
4856 <listitem><para>Make pg_dump handle a procedural language handler located in pg_catalog</para></listitem>
4857 <listitem><para>Make pg_dump handle cases where a custom opclass is in another schema</para></listitem>
4858 <listitem><para>Make pg_dump dump binary-compatible casts correctly (Jan)</para></listitem>
4859 <listitem><para>Fix insertion of expressions containing subqueries into rule bodies</para></listitem>
4860 <listitem><para>Fix incorrect argument processing in clusterdb script (Anand Ranganathan)</para></listitem>
4861 <listitem><para>Fix problems with dropped columns in plpython triggers</para></listitem>
4862 <listitem><para>Repair problems with to_char() reading past end of its input string (Karel)</para></listitem>
4863 <listitem><para>Fix GB18030 mapping errors (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
4864 <listitem><para>Fix several problems with SSL error handling and asynchronous SSL I/O</para></listitem>
4865 <listitem><para>Remove ability to bind a list of values to a single parameter in JDBC
4866 (prevents possible SQL-injection attacks)</para></listitem>
4867 <listitem><para>Fix some errors in HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP code paths</para></listitem>
4868 <listitem><para>Fix corner case for btree search in parallel with first root page split</para></listitem>
4874 <sect1 id="release-7-3-4">
4875 <title>Release 7.3.4</title>
4878 <title>Release date</title>
4879 <simpara>2003-07-24</simpara>
4883 This has a variety of fixes from 7.3.3.
4888 <title>Migration to version 7.3.4</title>
4891 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
4897 <title>Changes</title>
4900 <listitem><para>Repair breakage in timestamp-to-date conversion for dates before 2000</para></listitem>
4901 <listitem><para>Prevent rare possibility of server startup failure (Tom)</para></listitem>
4902 <listitem><para>Fix bugs in interval-to-time conversion (Tom)</para></listitem>
4903 <listitem><para>Add constraint names in a few places in pg_dump (Rod)</para></listitem>
4904 <listitem><para>Improve performance of functions with many parameters (Tom)</para></listitem>
4905 <listitem><para>Fix to_ascii() buffer overruns (Tom)</para></listitem>
4906 <listitem><para>Prevent restore of database comments from throwing an error (Tom)</para></listitem>
4907 <listitem><para>Work around buggy strxfrm() present in some Solaris releases (Tom)</para></listitem>
4908 <listitem><para>Properly escape jdbc setObject() strings to improve security (Barry)</para></listitem>
4914 <sect1 id="release-7-3-3">
4915 <title>Release 7.3.3</title>
4918 <title>Release date</title>
4919 <simpara>2003-05-22</simpara>
4923 This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.3.2.
4927 <title>Migration to version 7.3.3</title>
4930 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
4931 running version 7.3.*.
4936 <title>Changes</title>
4939 <listitem><para>Repair sometimes-incorrect computation of StartUpID after a crash</para></listitem>
4940 <listitem><para>Avoid slowness with lots of deferred triggers in one transaction (Stephan)</para></listitem>
4941 <listitem><para>Don't lock referenced row when <command>UPDATE</command> doesn't change foreign key's value (Jan)</para></listitem>
4942 <listitem><para>Use <command>-fPIC</command> not <command>-fpic</command> on Sparc (Tom Callaway)</para></listitem>
4943 <listitem><para>Repair lack of schema-awareness in contrib/reindexdb</para></listitem>
4944 <listitem><para>Fix contrib/intarray error for zero-element result array (Teodor)</para></listitem>
4945 <listitem><para>Ensure createuser script will exit on control-C (Oliver)</para></listitem>
4946 <listitem><para>Fix errors when the type of a dropped column has itself been dropped</para></listitem>
4947 <listitem><para><command>CHECKPOINT</command> does not cause database panic on failure in noncritical steps</para></listitem>
4948 <listitem><para>Accept 60 in seconds fields of timestamp, time, interval input values</para></listitem>
4949 <listitem><para>Issue notice, not error, if <type>TIMESTAMP</type>,
4950 <type> TIME</type>, or <type>INTERVAL</type> precision too large</para></listitem>
4951 <listitem><para>Fix <function>abstime-to-time</function> cast function (fix is
4952 not applied unless you <application>initdb</application>)</para></listitem>
4953 <listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_proc</application> entry for
4954 <type>timestampt_izone</type> (fix is not applied unless you
4955 <application>initdb</application>)</para></listitem>
4956 <listitem><para>Make <function>EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM timestamp without time zone)</function> treat input as local time</para></listitem>
4957 <listitem><para><command>'now'::timestamptz</command> gave wrong answer if timezone changed earlier in transaction</para></listitem>
4958 <listitem><para><envar>HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP</envar> code for time with timezone overwrote its input</para></listitem>
4959 <listitem><para>Accept <command>GLOBAL TEMP/TEMPORARY</command> as a
4960 synonym for <command>TEMPORARY</command></para></listitem>
4961 <listitem><para>Avoid improper schema-privilege-check failure in foreign-key triggers</para></listitem>
4962 <listitem><para>Fix bugs in foreign-key triggers for <command>SET DEFAULT</command> action</para></listitem>
4963 <listitem><para>Fix incorrect time-qual check in row fetch for
4964 <command>UPDATE</command> and <command>DELETE</command> triggers</para></listitem>
4965 <listitem><para>Foreign-key clauses were parsed but ignored in
4966 <command>ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN</command></para></listitem>
4967 <listitem><para>Fix createlang script breakage for case where handler function already exists</para></listitem>
4968 <listitem><para>Fix misbehavior on zero-column tables in <application>pg_dump</application>, COPY, ANALYZE, other places</para></listitem>
4969 <listitem><para>Fix misbehavior of <function>func_error()</function> on type names containing '%'</para></listitem>
4970 <listitem><para>Fix misbehavior of <function>replace()</function> on strings containing '%'</para></listitem>
4971 <listitem><para>Regular-expression patterns containing certain multibyte characters failed</para></listitem>
4972 <listitem><para>Account correctly for <command>NULL</command>s in more cases in join size estimation</para></listitem>
4973 <listitem><para>Avoid conflict with system definition of <function>isblank()</function> function or macro</para></listitem>
4974 <listitem><para>Fix failure to convert large code point values in EUC_TW conversions (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
4975 <listitem><para>Fix error recovery for <function>SSL_read</function>/<function>SSL_write</function> calls</para></listitem>
4976 <listitem><para>Don't do early constant-folding of type coercion expressions</para></listitem>
4977 <listitem><para>Validate page header fields immediately after reading in any page</para></listitem>
4978 <listitem><para>Repair incorrect check for ungrouped variables in unnamed joins</para></listitem>
4979 <listitem><para>Fix buffer overrun in <function>to_ascii</function> (Guido Notari)</para></listitem>
4980 <listitem><para>contrib/ltree fixes (Teodor)</para></listitem>
4981 <listitem><para>Fix core dump in deadlock detection on machines where char is unsigned</para></listitem>
4982 <listitem><para>Avoid running out of buffers in many-way indexscan (bug introduced in 7.3)</para></listitem>
4983 <listitem><para>Fix planner's selectivity estimation functions to handle domains properly</para></listitem>
4984 <listitem><para>Fix <application>dbmirror</application> memory-allocation bug (Steven Singer)</para></listitem>
4985 <listitem><para>Prevent infinite loop in <function>ln(numeric)</function> due to roundoff error</para></listitem>
4986 <listitem><para><command>GROUP BY</command> got confused if there were multiple equal GROUP BY items</para></listitem>
4987 <listitem><para>Fix bad plan when inherited <command>UPDATE</command>/<command>DELETE</command> references another inherited table</para></listitem>
4988 <listitem><para>Prevent clustering on incomplete (partial or non-NULL-storing) indexes</para></listitem>
4989 <listitem><para>Service shutdown request at proper time if it arrives while still starting up</para></listitem>
4990 <listitem><para>Fix left-links in temporary indexes (could make backwards scans miss entries)</para></listitem>
4991 <listitem><para>Fix incorrect handling of client_encoding setting in postgresql.conf (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
4992 <listitem><para>Fix failure to respond to <command>pg_ctl stop -m fast</command> after Async_NotifyHandler runs</para></listitem>
4993 <listitem><para>Fix SPI for case where rule contains multiple statements of the same type</para></listitem>
4994 <listitem><para>Fix problem with checking for wrong type of access privilege in rule query</para></listitem>
4995 <listitem><para>Fix problem with <command>EXCEPT</command> in <command>CREATE RULE</command></para></listitem>
4996 <listitem><para>Prevent problem with dropping temp tables having serial columns</para></listitem>
4997 <listitem><para>Fix replace_vars_with_subplan_refs failure in complex views</para></listitem>
4998 <listitem><para>Fix regexp slowness in single-byte encodings (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
4999 <listitem><para>Allow qualified type names in <command>CREATE CAST</command>
5000 and <command> DROP CAST</command></para></listitem>
5001 <listitem><para>Accept <function>SETOF type[]</function>, which formerly had to
5002 be written <function>SETOF _type</function></para></listitem>
5003 <listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_dump</application> core dump in some cases with procedural languages</para></listitem>
5004 <listitem><para>Force ISO datestyle in <application>pg_dump</application> output, for portability (Oliver)</para></listitem>
5005 <listitem><para><application>pg_dump</application> failed to handle error return
5006 from <function>lo_read</function> (Oleg Drokin)</para></listitem>
5007 <listitem><para><application>pg_dumpall</application> failed with groups having no members (Nick Eskelinen)</para></listitem>
5008 <listitem><para><application>pg_dumpall</application> failed to recognize --globals-only switch</para></listitem>
5009 <listitem><para>pg_restore failed to restore blobs if -X disable-triggers is specified</para></listitem>
5010 <listitem><para>Repair intrafunction memory leak in plpgsql</para></listitem>
5011 <listitem><para>pltcl's <command>elog</command> command dumped core if given wrong parameters (Ian Harding)</para></listitem>
5012 <listitem><para>plpython used wrong value of <envar>atttypmod</envar> (Brad McLean)</para></listitem>
5013 <listitem><para>Fix improper quoting of boolean values in Python interface (D'Arcy)</para></listitem>
5014 <listitem><para>Added <function>addDataType()</function> method to PGConnection interface for JDBC</para></listitem>
5015 <listitem><para>Fixed various problems with updateable ResultSets for JDBC (Shawn Green)</para></listitem>
5016 <listitem><para>Fixed various problems with DatabaseMetaData for JDBC (Kris Jurka, Peter Royal)</para></listitem>
5017 <listitem><para>Fixed problem with parsing table ACLs in JDBC</para></listitem>
5018 <listitem><para>Better error message for character set conversion problems in JDBC</para></listitem>
5024 <sect1 id="release-7-3-2">
5025 <title>Release 7.3.2</title>
5028 <title>Release date</title>
5029 <simpara>2003-02-04</simpara>
5033 This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.3.1.
5038 <title>Migration to version 7.3.2</title>
5041 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
5042 running version 7.3.*.
5047 <title>Changes</title>
5050 <listitem><para>Restore creation of OID column in CREATE TABLE AS / SELECT INTO</para></listitem>
5051 <listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_dump</> core dump when dumping views having comments</para></listitem>
5052 <listitem><para>Dump DEFERRABLE/INITIALLY DEFERRED constraints properly</para></listitem>
5053 <listitem><para>Fix UPDATE when child table's column numbering differs from parent</para></listitem>
5054 <listitem><para>Increase default value of max_fsm_relations</para></listitem>
5055 <listitem><para>Fix problem when fetching backwards in a cursor for a single-row query</para></listitem>
5056 <listitem><para>Make backward fetch work properly with cursor on SELECT DISTINCT query</para></listitem>
5057 <listitem><para>Fix problems with loading <application>pg_dump</> files containing contrib/lo usage</para></listitem>
5058 <listitem><para>Fix problem with all-numeric user names</para></listitem>
5059 <listitem><para>Fix possible memory leak and core dump during disconnect in libpgtcl</para></listitem>
5060 <listitem><para>Make plpython's spi_execute command handle nulls properly (Andrew Bosma)</para></listitem>
5061 <listitem><para>Adjust plpython error reporting so that its regression test passes again</para></listitem>
5062 <listitem><para>Work with bison 1.875</para></listitem>
5063 <listitem><para>Handle mixed-case names properly in plpgsql's %type (Neil)</para></listitem>
5064 <listitem><para>Fix core dump in pltcl when executing a query rewritten by a rule</para></listitem>
5065 <listitem><para>Repair array subscript overruns (per report from Yichen Xie)</para></listitem>
5066 <listitem><para>Reduce MAX_TIME_PRECISION from 13 to 10 in floating-point case</para></listitem>
5067 <listitem><para>Correctly case-fold variable names in per-database and per-user settings</para></listitem>
5068 <listitem><para>Fix coredump in plpgsql's RETURN NEXT when SELECT into record returns no rows</para></listitem>
5069 <listitem><para>Fix outdated use of pg_type.typprtlen in python client interface</para></listitem>
5070 <listitem><para>Correctly handle fractional seconds in timestamps in JDBC driver</para></listitem>
5071 <listitem><para>Improve performance of getImportedKeys() in JDBC</para></listitem>
5072 <listitem><para>Make shared-library symlinks work standardly on HPUX (Giles)</para></listitem>
5073 <listitem><para>Repair inconsistent rounding behavior for timestamp, time, interval</para></listitem>
5074 <listitem><para>SSL negotiation fixes (Nathan Mueller)</para></listitem>
5075 <listitem><para>Make libpq's ~/.pgpass feature work when connecting with PQconnectDB</para></listitem>
5076 <listitem><para>Update my2pg, ora2pg</para></listitem>
5077 <listitem><para>Translation updates</para></listitem>
5078 <listitem><para>Add casts between types lo and oid in contrib/lo</para></listitem>
5079 <listitem><para>fastpath code now checks for privilege to call function</para></listitem>
5085 <sect1 id="release-7-3-1">
5086 <title>Release 7.3.1</title>
5089 <title>Release date</title>
5090 <simpara>2002-12-18</simpara>
5094 This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.3.
5099 <title>Migration to version 7.3.1</title>
5102 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
5103 running version 7.3. However, it should be noted that the main
5104 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> interface library, libpq,
5105 has a new major version number for this release, which may require
5106 recompilation of client code in certain cases.
5111 <title>Changes</title>
5114 <listitem><para>Fix a core dump of COPY TO when client/server encodings don't match (Tom)</para></listitem>
5115 <listitem><para>Allow <application>pg_dump</> to work with pre-7.2 servers (Philip)</para></listitem>
5116 <listitem><para>contrib/adddepend fixes (Tom)</para></listitem>
5117 <listitem><para>Fix problem with deletion of per-user/per-database config settings (Tom)</para></listitem>
5118 <listitem><para>contrib/vacuumlo fix (Tom)</para></listitem>
5119 <listitem><para>Allow 'password' encryption even when pg_shadow contains MD5 passwords (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5120 <listitem><para>contrib/dbmirror fix (Steven Singer)</para></listitem>
5121 <listitem><para>Optimizer fixes (Tom)</para></listitem>
5122 <listitem><para>contrib/tsearch fixes (Teodor Sigaev, Magnus)</para></listitem>
5123 <listitem><para>Allow locale names to be mixed case (Nicolai Tufar)</para></listitem>
5124 <listitem><para>Increment libpq library's major version number (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5125 <listitem><para>pg_hba.conf error reporting fixes (Bruce, Neil)</para></listitem>
5126 <listitem><para>Add SCO Openserver 5.0.4 as a supported platform (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5127 <listitem><para>Prevent EXPLAIN from crashing server (Tom)</para></listitem>
5128 <listitem><para>SSL fixes (Nathan Mueller)</para></listitem>
5129 <listitem><para>Prevent composite column creation via ALTER TABLE (Tom)</para></listitem>
5135 <sect1 id="release-7-3">
5136 <title>Release 7.3</title>
5139 <title>Release date</title>
5140 <simpara>2002-11-27</simpara>
5144 <title>Overview</title>
5147 Major changes in this release:
5151 <term>Schemas</term>
5154 Schemas allow users to create objects in separate namespaces,
5155 so two people or applications can have tables with the same
5156 name. There is also a public schema for shared tables.
5157 Table/index creation can be restricted by removing privileges
5158 on the public schema.
5164 <term>Drop Column</term>
5167 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> now supports the
5168 <literal>ALTER TABLE ... DROP COLUMN</literal> functionality.
5174 <term>Table Functions</term>
5177 Functions returning multiple rows and/or multiple columns are
5178 now much easier to use than before. You can call such a
5179 <quote>table function</quote> in the <literal>SELECT</literal>
5180 <literal>FROM</literal> clause, treating its output like a
5181 table. Also, <application>PL/pgSQL</application> functions can
5188 <term>Prepared Queries</term>
5191 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> now supports prepared
5192 queries, for improved performance.
5198 <term>Dependency Tracking</term>
5201 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> now records object
5202 dependencies, which allows improvements in many areas.
5203 <command>DROP</command> statements now take either
5204 <literal>CASCADE</> or <literal>RESTRICT</> to control whether
5205 dependent objects are also dropped.
5211 <term>Privileges</term>
5214 Functions and procedural languages now have privileges, and
5215 functions can be defined to run with the privileges of their
5222 <term>Internationalization</term>
5225 Both multibyte and locale support are now always enabled.
5231 <term>Logging</term>
5234 A variety of logging options have been enhanced.
5240 <term>Interfaces</term>
5243 A large number of interfaces have been moved to <ulink
5244 url="http://gborg.postgresql.org">http://gborg.postgresql.org</>
5245 where they can be developed and released independently.
5251 <term>Functions/Identifiers</term>
5254 By default, functions can now take up to 32 parameters, and
5255 identifiers can be up to 63 bytes long. Also, <literal>OPAQUE</>
5256 is now deprecated: there are specific <quote>pseudo-datatypes</>
5257 to represent each of the former meanings of <literal>OPAQUE</>
5258 in function argument and result types.
5268 <title>Migration to version 7.3</title>
5271 A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</> is required for those
5272 wishing to migrate data from any previous release. If your
5273 application examines the system catalogs, additional changes will
5274 be required due to the introduction of schemas in 7.3; for more
5275 information, see: <ulink
5276 url="http://developer.postgresql.org/~momjian/upgrade_tips_7.3">
5277 http://developer.postgresql.org/~momjian/upgrade_tips_7.3</>.
5281 Observe the following incompatibilities:
5286 Pre-6.3 clients are no longer supported.
5292 <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename> now has a column for the user
5293 name and additional features. Existing files need to be
5300 Several <filename>postgresql.conf</filename> logging parameters
5307 <literal>LIMIT #,#</literal> has been disabled; use
5308 <literal>LIMIT # OFFSET #</literal>.
5314 <command>INSERT</command> statements with column lists must
5315 specify a value for each specified column. For example,
5316 <literal>INSERT INTO tab (col1, col2) VALUES ('val1')</literal>
5317 is now invalid. It's still allowed to supply fewer columns than
5318 expected if the <command>INSERT</command> does not have a column list.
5324 <type>serial</type> columns are no longer automatically
5325 <literal>UNIQUE</>; thus, an index will not automatically be
5332 A <command>SET</command> command inside an aborted transaction
5339 <command>COPY</command> no longer considers missing trailing
5340 columns to be null. All columns need to be specified.
5341 (However, one may achieve a similar effect by specifying a
5342 column list in the <command>COPY</command> command.)
5348 The data type <type>timestamp</type> is now equivalent to
5349 <type>timestamp without time zone</type>, instead of
5350 <type>timestamp with time zone</type>.
5356 Pre-7.3 databases loaded into 7.3 will not have the new object
5357 dependencies for <type>serial</type> columns, unique
5358 constraints, and foreign keys. See the directory
5359 <filename>contrib/adddepend/</filename> for a detailed
5360 description and a script that will add such dependencies.
5366 An empty string (<literal>''</literal>) is no longer allowed as
5367 the input into an integer field. Formerly, it was silently
5378 <title>Changes</title>
5381 <title>Server Operation</title>
5383 <listitem><para>Add pg_locks view to show locks (Neil)</para></listitem>
5384 <listitem><para>Security fixes for password negotiation memory allocation (Neil)</para></listitem>
5385 <listitem><para>Remove support for version 0 FE/BE protocol (<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 6.2 and earlier) (Tom)</para></listitem>
5386 <listitem><para>Reserve the last few backend slots for superusers, add parameter superuser_reserved_connections to control this (Nigel J. Andrews)</para></listitem>
5391 <title>Performance</title>
5393 <listitem><para>Improve startup by calling localtime() only once (Tom)</para></listitem>
5394 <listitem><para>Cache system catalog information in flat files for faster startup (Tom)</para></listitem>
5395 <listitem><para>Improve caching of index information (Tom)</para></listitem>
5396 <listitem><para>Optimizer improvements (Tom, Fernando Nasser)</para></listitem>
5397 <listitem><para>Catalog caches now store failed lookups (Tom)</para></listitem>
5398 <listitem><para>Hash function improvements (Neil)</para></listitem>
5399 <listitem><para>Improve performance of query tokenization and network handling (Peter)</para></listitem>
5400 <listitem><para>Speed improvement for large object restore (Mario Weilguni)</para></listitem>
5401 <listitem><para>Mark expired index entries on first lookup, saving later heap fetches (Tom)</para></listitem>
5402 <listitem><para>Avoid excessive NULL bitmap padding (Manfred Koizar)</para></listitem>
5403 <listitem><para>Add BSD-licensed qsort() for Solaris, for performance (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5404 <listitem><para>Reduce per-row overhead by four bytes (Manfred Koizar)</para></listitem>
5405 <listitem><para>Fix GEQO optimizer bug (Neil Conway)</para></listitem>
5406 <listitem><para>Make WITHOUT OID actually save four bytes per row (Manfred Koizar)</para></listitem>
5407 <listitem><para>Add default_statistics_target variable to specify ANALYZE buckets (Neil)</para></listitem>
5408 <listitem><para>Use local buffer cache for temporary tables so no WAL overhead (Tom)</para></listitem>
5409 <listitem><para>Improve free space map performance on large tables (Stephen Marshall, Tom)</para></listitem>
5410 <listitem><para>Improved WAL write concurrency (Tom)</para></listitem>
5415 <title>Privileges</title>
5417 <listitem><para>Add privileges on functions and procedural languages (Peter)</para></listitem>
5418 <listitem><para>Add OWNER to CREATE DATABASE so superusers can create databases on behalf of unprivileged users (Gavin Sherry, Tom)</para></listitem>
5419 <listitem><para>Add new object privilege bits EXECUTE and USAGE (Tom)</para></listitem>
5420 <listitem><para>Add SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION DEFAULT and RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION (Tom)</para></listitem>
5421 <listitem><para>Allow functions to be executed with the privilege of the function owner (Peter)</para></listitem>
5426 <title>Server Configuration</title>
5428 <listitem><para>Server log messages now tagged with LOG, not DEBUG (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5429 <listitem><para>Add user column to pg_hba.conf (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5430 <listitem><para>Have log_connections output two lines in log file (Tom)</para></listitem>
5431 <listitem><para>Remove debug_level from postgresql.conf, now server_min_messages (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5432 <listitem><para>New ALTER DATABASE/USER ... SET command for per-user/database initialization (Peter)</para></listitem>
5433 <listitem><para>New parameters server_min_messages and client_min_messages to control which messages are sent to the server logs or client applications (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5434 <listitem><para>Allow pg_hba.conf to specify lists of users/databases separated by commas, group names prepended with +, and file names prepended with @ (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5435 <listitem><para>Remove secondary password file capability and pg_password utility (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5436 <listitem><para>Add variable db_user_namespace for database-local user names (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5437 <listitem><para>SSL improvements (Bear Giles)</para></listitem>
5438 <listitem><para>Make encryption of stored passwords the default (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5439 <listitem><para>Allow pg_statistics to be reset by calling pg_stat_reset() (Christopher)</para></listitem>
5440 <listitem><para>Add log_duration parameter (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5441 <listitem><para>Rename debug_print_query to log_statement (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5442 <listitem><para>Rename show_query_stats to show_statement_stats (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5443 <listitem><para>Add param log_min_error_statement to print commands to logs on error (Gavin)</para></listitem>
5448 <title>Queries</title>
5450 <listitem><para>Make cursors insensitive, meaning their contents do not change (Tom)</para></listitem>
5451 <listitem><para>Disable LIMIT #,# syntax; now only LIMIT # OFFSET # supported (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5452 <listitem><para>Increase identifier length to 63 (Neil, Bruce)</para></listitem>
5453 <listitem><para>UNION fixes for merging >= 3 columns of different lengths (Tom)</para></listitem>
5454 <listitem><para>Add DEFAULT key word to INSERT, e.g., INSERT ... (..., DEFAULT, ...) (Rod)</para></listitem>
5455 <listitem><para>Allow views to have default values using ALTER COLUMN ... SET DEFAULT (Neil)</para></listitem>
5456 <listitem><para>Fail on INSERTs with column lists that don't supply all column values, e.g., INSERT INTO tab (col1, col2) VALUES ('val1'); (Rod)</para></listitem>
5457 <listitem><para>Fix for join aliases (Tom)</para></listitem>
5458 <listitem><para>Fix for FULL OUTER JOINs (Tom)</para></listitem>
5459 <listitem><para>Improve reporting of invalid identifier and location (Tom, Gavin)</para></listitem>
5460 <listitem><para>Fix OPEN cursor(args) (Tom)</para></listitem>
5461 <listitem><para>Allow 'ctid' to be used in a view and currtid(viewname) (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
5462 <listitem><para>Fix for CREATE TABLE AS with UNION (Tom)</para></listitem>
5463 <listitem><para>SQL99 syntax improvements (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5464 <listitem><para>Add statement_timeout variable to cancel queries (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5465 <listitem><para>Allow prepared queries with PREPARE/EXECUTE (Neil)</para></listitem>
5466 <listitem><para>Allow FOR UPDATE to appear after LIMIT/OFFSET (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5467 <listitem><para>Add variable autocommit (Tom, David Van Wie)</para></listitem>
5472 <title>Object Manipulation</title>
5474 <listitem><para>Make equals signs optional in CREATE DATABASE (Gavin Sherry)</para></listitem>
5475 <listitem><para>Make ALTER TABLE OWNER change index ownership too (Neil)</para></listitem>
5476 <listitem><para>New ALTER TABLE tabname ALTER COLUMN colname SET STORAGE controls TOAST storage, compression (John Gray)</para></listitem>
5477 <listitem><para>Add schema support, CREATE/DROP SCHEMA (Tom)</para></listitem>
5478 <listitem><para>Create schema for temporary tables (Tom)</para></listitem>
5479 <listitem><para>Add variable search_path for schema search (Tom)</para></listitem>
5480 <listitem><para>Add ALTER TABLE SET/DROP NOT NULL (Christopher)</para></listitem>
5481 <listitem><para>New CREATE FUNCTION volatility levels (Tom)</para></listitem>
5482 <listitem><para>Make rule names unique only per table (Tom)</para></listitem>
5483 <listitem><para>Add 'ON tablename' clause to DROP RULE and COMMENT ON RULE (Tom)</para></listitem>
5484 <listitem><para>Add ALTER TRIGGER RENAME (Joe)</para></listitem>
5485 <listitem><para>New current_schema() and current_schemas() inquiry functions (Tom)</para></listitem>
5486 <listitem><para>Allow functions to return multiple rows (table functions) (Joe)</para></listitem>
5487 <listitem><para>Make WITH optional in CREATE DATABASE, for consistency (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5488 <listitem><para>Add object dependency tracking (Rod, Tom)</para></listitem>
5489 <listitem><para>Add RESTRICT/CASCADE to DROP commands (Rod)</para></listitem>
5490 <listitem><para>Add ALTER TABLE DROP for non-CHECK CONSTRAINT (Rod)</para></listitem>
5491 <listitem><para>Autodestroy sequence on DROP of table with SERIAL (Rod)</para></listitem>
5492 <listitem><para>Prevent column dropping if column is used by foreign key (Rod)</para></listitem>
5493 <listitem><para>Automatically drop constraints/functions when object is dropped (Rod)</para></listitem>
5494 <listitem><para>Add CREATE/DROP OPERATOR CLASS (Bill Studenmund, Tom)</para></listitem>
5495 <listitem><para>Add ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN (Christopher, Tom, Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
5496 <listitem><para>Prevent inherited columns from being removed or renamed (Alvaro Herrera)</para></listitem>
5497 <listitem><para>Fix foreign key constraints to not error on intermediate database states (Stephan)</para></listitem>
5498 <listitem><para>Propagate column or table renaming to foreign key constraints</para></listitem>
5499 <listitem><para>Add CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW (Gavin, Neil, Tom)</para></listitem>
5500 <listitem><para>Add CREATE OR REPLACE RULE (Gavin, Neil, Tom)</para></listitem>
5501 <listitem><para>Have rules execute alphabetically, returning more predictable values (Tom)</para></listitem>
5502 <listitem><para>Triggers are now fired in alphabetical order (Tom)</para></listitem>
5503 <listitem><para>Add /contrib/adddepend to handle pre-7.3 object dependencies (Rod)</para></listitem>
5504 <listitem><para>Allow better casting when inserting/updating values (Tom)</para></listitem>
5509 <title>Utility Commands</title>
5511 <listitem><para>Have COPY TO output embedded carriage returns and newlines as \r and \n (Tom)</para></listitem>
5512 <listitem><para>Allow DELIMITER in COPY FROM to be 8-bit clean (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5513 <listitem><para>Make <application>pg_dump</> use ALTER TABLE ADD PRIMARY KEY, for performance (Neil)</para></listitem>
5514 <listitem><para>Disable brackets in multistatement rules (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5515 <listitem><para>Disable VACUUM from being called inside a function (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5516 <listitem><para>Allow dropdb and other scripts to use identifiers with spaces (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5517 <listitem><para>Restrict database comment changes to the current database</para></listitem>
5518 <listitem><para>Allow comments on operators, independent of the underlying function (Rod)</para></listitem>
5519 <listitem><para>Rollback SET commands in aborted transactions (Tom)</para></listitem>
5520 <listitem><para>EXPLAIN now outputs as a query (Tom)</para></listitem>
5521 <listitem><para>Display condition expressions and sort keys in EXPLAIN (Tom)</para></listitem>
5522 <listitem><para>Add 'SET LOCAL var = value' to set configuration variables for a single transaction (Tom)</para></listitem>
5523 <listitem><para>Allow ANALYZE to run in a transaction (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5524 <listitem><para>Improve COPY syntax using new WITH clauses, keep backward compatibility (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5525 <listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_dump</> to consistently output tags in non-ASCII dumps (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5526 <listitem><para>Make foreign key constraints clearer in dump file (Rod)</para></listitem>
5527 <listitem><para>Add COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT (Rod)</para></listitem>
5528 <listitem><para>Allow COPY TO/FROM to specify column names (Brent Verner)</para></listitem>
5529 <listitem><para>Dump UNIQUE and PRIMARY KEY constraints as ALTER TABLE (Rod)</para></listitem>
5530 <listitem><para>Have SHOW output a query result (Joe)</para></listitem>
5531 <listitem><para>Generate failure on short COPY lines rather than pad NULLs (Neil)</para></listitem>
5532 <listitem><para>Fix CLUSTER to preserve all table attributes (Alvaro Herrera)</para></listitem>
5533 <listitem><para>New pg_settings table to view/modify GUC settings (Joe)</para></listitem>
5534 <listitem><para>Add smart quoting, portability improvements to <application>pg_dump</> output (Peter)</para></listitem>
5535 <listitem><para>Dump serial columns out as SERIAL (Tom)</para></listitem>
5536 <listitem><para>Enable large file support, >2G for <application>pg_dump</> (Peter, Philip Warner, Bruce)</para></listitem>
5537 <listitem><para>Disallow TRUNCATE on tables that are involved in referential constraints (Rod)</para></listitem>
5538 <listitem><para>Have TRUNCATE also auto-truncate the toast table of the relation (Tom)</para></listitem>
5539 <listitem><para>Add clusterdb utility that will auto-cluster an entire database based on previous CLUSTER operations (Alvaro Herrera)</para></listitem>
5540 <listitem><para>Overhaul pg_dumpall (Peter)</para></listitem>
5541 <listitem><para>Allow REINDEX of TOAST tables (Tom)</para></listitem>
5542 <listitem><para>Implemented START TRANSACTION, per SQL99 (Neil)</para></listitem>
5543 <listitem><para>Fix rare index corruption when a page split affects bulk delete (Tom)</para></listitem>
5544 <listitem><para>Fix ALTER TABLE ... ADD COLUMN for inheritance (Alvaro Herrera)</para></listitem>
5549 <title>Data Types and Functions</title>
5551 <listitem><para>Fix factorial(0) to return 1 (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5552 <listitem><para>Date/time/timezone improvements (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5553 <listitem><para>Fix for array slice extraction (Tom)</para></listitem>
5554 <listitem><para>Fix extract/date_part to report proper microseconds for timestamp (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5555 <listitem><para>Allow text_substr() and bytea_substr() to read TOAST values more efficiently (John Gray)</para></listitem>
5556 <listitem><para>Add domain support (Rod)</para></listitem>
5557 <listitem><para>Make WITHOUT TIME ZONE the default for TIMESTAMP and TIME data types (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5558 <listitem><para>Allow alternate storage scheme of 64-bit integers for date/time types using --enable-integer-datetimes in configure (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5559 <listitem><para>Make timezone(timestamptz) return timestamp rather than a string (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5560 <listitem><para>Allow fractional seconds in date/time types for dates prior to 1BC (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5561 <listitem><para>Limit timestamp data types to 6 decimal places of precision (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5562 <listitem><para>Change timezone conversion functions from timetz() to timezone() (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5563 <listitem><para>Add configuration variables datestyle and timezone (Tom)</para></listitem>
5564 <listitem><para>Add OVERLAY(), which allows substitution of a substring in a string (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5565 <listitem><para>Add SIMILAR TO (Thomas, Tom)</para></listitem>
5566 <listitem><para>Add regular expression SUBSTRING(string FROM pat FOR escape) (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5567 <listitem><para>Add LOCALTIME and LOCALTIMESTAMP functions (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5568 <listitem><para>Add named composite types using CREATE TYPE typename AS (column) (Joe)</para></listitem>
5569 <listitem><para>Allow composite type definition in the table alias clause (Joe)</para></listitem>
5570 <listitem><para>Add new API to simplify creation of C language table functions (Joe)</para></listitem>
5571 <listitem><para>Remove ODBC-compatible empty parentheses from calls to SQL99 functions for which these parentheses do not match the standard (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5572 <listitem><para>Allow macaddr data type to accept 12 hex digits with no separators (Mike Wyer)</para></listitem>
5573 <listitem><para>Add CREATE/DROP CAST (Peter)</para></listitem>
5574 <listitem><para>Add IS DISTINCT FROM operator (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5575 <listitem><para>Add SQL99 TREAT() function, synonym for CAST() (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5576 <listitem><para>Add pg_backend_pid() to output backend pid (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5577 <listitem><para>Add IS OF / IS NOT OF type predicate (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5578 <listitem><para>Allow bit string constants without fully-specified length (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5579 <listitem><para>Allow conversion between 8-byte integers and bit strings (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5580 <listitem><para>Implement hex literal conversion to bit string literal (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5581 <listitem><para>Allow table functions to appear in the FROM clause (Joe)</para></listitem>
5582 <listitem><para>Increase maximum number of function parameters to 32 (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5583 <listitem><para>No longer automatically create index for SERIAL column (Tom)</para></listitem>
5584 <listitem><para>Add current_database() (Rod)</para></listitem>
5585 <listitem><para>Fix cash_words() to not overflow buffer (Tom)</para></listitem>
5586 <listitem><para>Add functions replace(), split_part(), to_hex() (Joe)</para></listitem>
5587 <listitem><para>Fix LIKE for bytea as a right-hand argument (Joe)</para></listitem>
5588 <listitem><para>Prevent crashes caused by SELECT cash_out(2) (Tom)</para></listitem>
5589 <listitem><para>Fix to_char(1,'FM999.99') to return a period (Karel)</para></listitem>
5590 <listitem><para>Fix trigger/type/language functions returning OPAQUE to return proper type (Tom)</para></listitem>
5595 <title>Internationalization</title>
5597 <listitem><para>Add additional encodings: Korean (JOHAB), Thai (WIN874), Vietnamese (TCVN), Arabic (WIN1256), Simplified Chinese (GBK), Korean (UHC) (Eiji Tokuya)</para></listitem>
5598 <listitem><para>Enable locale support by default (Peter)</para></listitem>
5599 <listitem><para>Add locale variables (Peter)</para></listitem>
5600 <listitem><para>Escape byes >= 0x7f for multibyte in PQescapeBytea/PQunescapeBytea (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5601 <listitem><para>Add locale awareness to regular expression character classes</para></listitem>
5602 <listitem><para>Enable multibyte support by default (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5603 <listitem><para>Add GB18030 multibyte support (Bill Huang)</para></listitem>
5604 <listitem><para>Add CREATE/DROP CONVERSION, allowing loadable encodings (Tatsuo, Kaori)</para></listitem>
5605 <listitem><para>Add pg_conversion table (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5606 <listitem><para>Add SQL99 CONVERT() function (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5607 <listitem><para>pg_dumpall, pg_controldata, and pg_resetxlog now national-language aware (Peter)</para></listitem>
5608 <listitem><para>New and updated translations</para></listitem>
5613 <title>Server-side Languages</title>
5615 <listitem><para>Allow recursive SQL function (Peter)</para></listitem>
5616 <listitem><para>Change PL/Tcl build to use configured compiler and Makefile.shlib (Peter)</para></listitem>
5617 <listitem><para>Overhaul the PL/pgSQL FOUND variable to be more Oracle-compatible (Neil, Tom)</para></listitem>
5618 <listitem><para>Allow PL/pgSQL to handle quoted identifiers (Tom)</para></listitem>
5619 <listitem><para>Allow set-returning PL/pgSQL functions (Neil)</para></listitem>
5620 <listitem><para>Make PL/pgSQL schema-aware (Joe)</para></listitem>
5621 <listitem><para>Remove some memory leaks (Nigel J. Andrews, Tom)</para></listitem>
5628 <listitem><para>Don't lowercase psql \connect database name for 7.2.0 compatibility (Tom)</para></listitem>
5629 <listitem><para>Add psql \timing to time user queries (Greg Sabino Mullane)</para></listitem>
5630 <listitem><para>Have psql \d show index information (Greg Sabino Mullane)</para></listitem>
5631 <listitem><para>New psql \dD shows domains (Jonathan Eisler)</para></listitem>
5632 <listitem><para>Allow psql to show rules on views (Paul ?)</para></listitem>
5633 <listitem><para>Fix for psql variable substitution (Tom)</para></listitem>
5634 <listitem><para>Allow psql \d to show temporary table structure (Tom)</para></listitem>
5635 <listitem><para>Allow psql \d to show foreign keys (Rod)</para></listitem>
5636 <listitem><para>Fix \? to honor \pset pager (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5637 <listitem><para>Have psql reports its version number on startup (Tom)</para></listitem>
5638 <listitem><para>Allow \copy to specify column names (Tom)</para></listitem>
5643 <title>libpq</title>
5645 <listitem><para>Add ~/.pgpass to store host/user password combinations (Alvaro Herrera)</para></listitem>
5646 <listitem><para>Add PQunescapeBytea() function to libpq (Patrick Welche)</para></listitem>
5647 <listitem><para>Fix for sending large queries over non-blocking connections (Bernhard Herzog)</para></listitem>
5648 <listitem><para>Fix for libpq using timers on Win9X (David Ford)</para></listitem>
5649 <listitem><para>Allow libpq notify to handle servers with different-length identifiers (Tom)</para></listitem>
5650 <listitem><para>Add libpq PQescapeString() and PQescapeBytea() to Windows (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5651 <listitem><para>Fix for SSL with non-blocking connections (Jack Bates)</para></listitem>
5652 <listitem><para>Add libpq connection timeout parameter (Denis A Ustimenko)</para></listitem>
5659 <listitem><para>Allow JDBC to compile with JDK 1.4 (Dave)</para></listitem>
5660 <listitem><para>Add JDBC 3 support (Barry)</para></listitem>
5661 <listitem><para>Allows JDBC to set loglevel by adding ?loglevel=X to the connection URL (Barry)</para></listitem>
5662 <listitem><para>Add Driver.info() message that prints out the version number (Barry)</para></listitem>
5663 <listitem><para>Add updateable result sets (Raghu Nidagal, Dave)</para></listitem>
5664 <listitem><para>Add support for callable statements (Paul Bethe)</para></listitem>
5665 <listitem><para>Add query cancel capability</para></listitem>
5666 <listitem><para>Add refresh row (Dave)</para></listitem>
5667 <listitem><para>Fix MD5 encryption handling for multibyte servers (Jun Kawai)</para></listitem>
5668 <listitem><para>Add support for prepared statements (Barry)</para></listitem>
5673 <title>Miscellaneous Interfaces</title>
5675 <listitem><para>Fixed ECPG bug concerning octal numbers in single quotes (Michael)</para></listitem>
5676 <listitem><para>Move src/interfaces/libpgeasy to http://gborg.postgresql.org (Marc, Bruce)</para></listitem>
5677 <listitem><para>Improve Python interface (Elliot Lee, Andrew Johnson, Greg Copeland)</para></listitem>
5678 <listitem><para>Add libpgtcl connection close event (Gerhard Hintermayer)</para></listitem>
5679 <listitem><para>Move src/interfaces/libpq++ to http://gborg.postgresql.org (Marc, Bruce)</para></listitem>
5680 <listitem><para>Move src/interfaces/odbc to http://gborg.postgresql.org (Marc)</para></listitem>
5681 <listitem><para>Move src/interfaces/libpgeasy to http://gborg.postgresql.org (Marc, Bruce)</para></listitem>
5682 <listitem><para>Move src/interfaces/perl5 to http://gborg.postgresql.org (Marc, Bruce)</para></listitem>
5683 <listitem><para>Remove src/bin/pgaccess from main tree, now at http://www.pgaccess.org (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5684 <listitem><para>Add pg_on_connection_loss command to libpgtcl (Gerhard Hintermayer, Tom)</para></listitem>
5689 <title>Source Code</title>
5691 <listitem><para>Fix for parallel make (Peter)</para></listitem>
5692 <listitem><para>AIX fixes for linking Tcl (Andreas Zeugswetter)</para></listitem>
5693 <listitem><para>Allow PL/Perl to build under Cygwin (Jason Tishler)</para></listitem>
5694 <listitem><para>Improve MIPS compiles (Peter, Oliver Elphick)</para></listitem>
5695 <listitem><para>Require Autoconf version 2.53 (Peter)</para></listitem>
5696 <listitem><para>Require readline and zlib by default in configure (Peter)</para></listitem>
5697 <listitem><para>Allow Solaris to use Intimate Shared Memory (ISM), for performance (Scott Brunza, P.J. Josh Rovero)</para></listitem>
5698 <listitem><para>Always enable syslog in compile, remove --enable-syslog option (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5699 <listitem><para>Always enable multibyte in compile, remove --enable-multibyte option (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5700 <listitem><para>Always enable locale in compile, remove --enable-locale option (Peter)</para></listitem>
5701 <listitem><para>Fix for Win9x DLL creation (Magnus Naeslund)</para></listitem>
5702 <listitem><para>Fix for link() usage by WAL code on Windows, BeOS (Jason Tishler)</para></listitem>
5703 <listitem><para>Add sys/types.h to c.h, remove from main files (Peter, Bruce)</para></listitem>
5704 <listitem><para>Fix AIX hang on SMP machines (Tomoyuki Niijima)</para></listitem>
5705 <listitem><para>AIX SMP hang fix (Tomoyuki Niijima)</para></listitem>
5706 <listitem><para>Fix pre-1970 date handling on newer glibc libraries (Tom)</para></listitem>
5707 <listitem><para>Fix PowerPC SMP locking (Tom)</para></listitem>
5708 <listitem><para>Prevent gcc -ffast-math from being used (Peter, Tom)</para></listitem>
5709 <listitem><para>Bison >= 1.50 now required for developer builds</para></listitem>
5710 <listitem><para>Kerberos 5 support now builds with Heimdal (Peter)</para></listitem>
5711 <listitem><para>Add appendix in the User's Guide which lists SQL features (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5712 <listitem><para>Improve loadable module linking to use RTLD_NOW (Tom)</para></listitem>
5713 <listitem><para>New error levels WARNING, INFO, LOG, DEBUG[1-5] (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5714 <listitem><para>New src/port directory holds replaced libc functions (Peter, Bruce)</para></listitem>
5715 <listitem><para>New pg_namespace system catalog for schemas (Tom)</para></listitem>
5716 <listitem><para>Add pg_class.relnamespace for schemas (Tom)</para></listitem>
5717 <listitem><para>Add pg_type.typnamespace for schemas (Tom)</para></listitem>
5718 <listitem><para>Add pg_proc.pronamespace for schemas (Tom)</para></listitem>
5719 <listitem><para>Restructure aggregates to have pg_proc entries (Tom)</para></listitem>
5720 <listitem><para>System relations now have their own namespace, pg_* test not required (Fernando Nasser)</para></listitem>
5721 <listitem><para>Rename TOAST index names to be *_index rather than *_idx (Neil)</para></listitem>
5722 <listitem><para>Add namespaces for operators, opclasses (Tom)</para></listitem>
5723 <listitem><para>Add additional checks to server control file (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5724 <listitem><para>New Polish FAQ (Marcin Mazurek)</para></listitem>
5725 <listitem><para>Add Posix semaphore support (Tom)</para></listitem>
5726 <listitem><para>Document need for reindex (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5727 <listitem><para>Rename some internal identifiers to simplify Windows compile (Jan, Katherine Ward)</para></listitem>
5728 <listitem><para>Add documentation on computing disk space (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5729 <listitem><para>Remove KSQO from GUC (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5730 <listitem><para>Fix memory leak in rtree (Kenneth Been)</para></listitem>
5731 <listitem><para>Modify a few error messages for consistency (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5732 <listitem><para>Remove unused system table columns (Peter)</para></listitem>
5733 <listitem><para>Make system columns NOT NULL where appropriate (Tom)</para></listitem>
5734 <listitem><para>Clean up use of sprintf in favor of snprintf() (Neil, Jukka Holappa)</para></listitem>
5735 <listitem><para>Remove OPAQUE and create specific subtypes (Tom)</para></listitem>
5736 <listitem><para>Cleanups in array internal handling (Joe, Tom)</para></listitem>
5737 <listitem><para>Disallow pg_atoi('') (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5738 <listitem><para>Remove parameter wal_files because WAL files are now recycled (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5739 <listitem><para>Add version numbers to heap pages (Tom)</para></listitem>
5744 <title>Contrib</title>
5746 <listitem><para>Allow inet arrays in /contrib/array (Neil)</para></listitem>
5747 <listitem><para>GiST fixes (Teodor Sigaev, Neil)</para></listitem>
5748 <listitem><para>Upgrade /contrib/mysql</para></listitem>
5749 <listitem><para>Add /contrib/dbsize which shows table sizes without vacuum (Peter)</para></listitem>
5750 <listitem><para>Add /contrib/intagg, integer aggregator routines (mlw)</para></listitem>
5751 <listitem><para>Improve /contrib/oid2name (Neil, Bruce)</para></listitem>
5752 <listitem><para>Improve /contrib/tsearch (Oleg, Teodor Sigaev)</para></listitem>
5753 <listitem><para>Cleanups of /contrib/rserver (Alexey V. Borzov)</para></listitem>
5754 <listitem><para>Update /contrib/oracle conversion utility (Gilles Darold)</para></listitem>
5755 <listitem><para>Update /contrib/dblink (Joe)</para></listitem>
5756 <listitem><para>Improve options supported by /contrib/vacuumlo (Mario Weilguni)</para></listitem>
5757 <listitem><para>Improvements to /contrib/intarray (Oleg, Teodor Sigaev, Andrey Oktyabrski)</para></listitem>
5758 <listitem><para>Add /contrib/reindexdb utility (Shaun Thomas)</para></listitem>
5759 <listitem><para>Add indexing to /contrib/isbn_issn (Dan Weston)</para></listitem>
5760 <listitem><para>Add /contrib/dbmirror (Steven Singer)</para></listitem>
5761 <listitem><para>Improve /contrib/pgbench (Neil)</para></listitem>
5762 <listitem><para>Add /contrib/tablefunc table function examples (Joe)</para></listitem>
5763 <listitem><para>Add /contrib/ltree data type for tree structures (Teodor Sigaev, Oleg Bartunov)</para></listitem>
5764 <listitem><para>Move /contrib/pg_controldata, pg_resetxlog into main tree (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5765 <listitem><para>Fixes to /contrib/cube (Bruno Wolff)</para></listitem>
5766 <listitem><para>Improve /contrib/fulltextindex (Christopher)</para></listitem>
5773 <sect1 id="release-7-2-6">
5774 <title>Release 7.2.6</title>
5777 <title>Release date</title>
5778 <simpara>2004-10-22</simpara>
5782 This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.2.5.
5787 <title>Migration to version 7.2.6</title>
5790 A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.2.X.
5795 <title>Changes</title>
5798 <listitem><para>Repair possible failure to update hint bits on disk</para>
5800 Under rare circumstances this oversight could lead to
5801 <quote>could not access transaction status</> failures, which qualifies
5802 it as a potential-data-loss bug.
5804 <listitem><para>Ensure that hashed outer join does not miss tuples</para>
5806 Very large left joins using a hash join plan could fail to output unmatched
5807 left-side rows given just the right data distribution.
5809 <listitem><para>Disallow running pg_ctl as root</para>
5811 This is to guard against any possible security issues.
5813 <listitem><para>Avoid using temp files in /tmp in make_oidjoins_check</para>
5815 This has been reported as a security issue, though it's hardly worthy of
5816 concern since there is no reason for non-developers to use this script anyway.
5818 <listitem><para>Update to newer versions of Bison</para></listitem>
5824 <sect1 id="release-7-2-5">
5825 <title>Release 7.2.5</title>
5828 <title>Release date</title>
5829 <simpara>2004-08-16</simpara>
5833 This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.2.4.
5838 <title>Migration to version 7.2.5</title>
5841 A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.2.X.
5846 <title>Changes</title>
5849 <listitem><para>Prevent possible loss of committed transactions during crash</para>
5851 Due to insufficient interlocking between transaction commit and checkpointing,
5852 it was possible for transactions committed just before the most recent
5853 checkpoint to be lost, in whole or in part, following a database crash and
5854 restart. This is a serious bug that has existed
5855 since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
5857 <listitem><para>Fix corner case for btree search in parallel with first root page split</para></listitem>
5858 <listitem><para>Fix buffer overrun in <function>to_ascii</function> (Guido Notari)</para></listitem>
5859 <listitem><para>Fix core dump in deadlock detection on machines where char is unsigned</para></listitem>
5860 <listitem><para>Fix failure to respond to <command>pg_ctl stop -m fast</command> after Async_NotifyHandler runs</para></listitem>
5861 <listitem><para>Repair memory leaks in pg_dump</para></listitem>
5862 <listitem><para>Avoid conflict with system definition of <function>isblank()</function> function or macro</para></listitem>
5867 <sect1 id="release-7-2-4">
5868 <title>Release 7.2.4</title>
5871 <title>Release date</title>
5872 <simpara>2003-01-30</simpara>
5876 This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.2.3,
5877 including fixes to prevent possible data loss.
5881 <title>Migration to version 7.2.4</title>
5884 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
5885 running version 7.2.*.
5890 <title>Changes</title>
5893 <listitem><para>Fix some additional cases of VACUUM "No one parent tuple was found" error</para></listitem>
5894 <listitem><para>Prevent VACUUM from being called inside a function (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5895 <listitem><para>Ensure pg_clog updates are sync'd to disk before marking checkpoint complete</para></listitem>
5896 <listitem><para>Avoid integer overflow during large hash joins</para></listitem>
5897 <listitem><para>Make GROUP commands work when pg_group.grolist is large enough to be toasted</para></listitem>
5898 <listitem><para>Fix errors in datetime tables; some timezone names weren't being recognized</para></listitem>
5899 <listitem><para>Fix integer overflows in circle_poly(), path_encode(), path_add() (Neil)</para></listitem>
5900 <listitem><para>Repair long-standing logic errors in lseg_eq(), lseg_ne(), lseg_center()</para></listitem>
5906 <sect1 id="release-7-2-3">
5907 <title>Release 7.2.3</title>
5910 <title>Release date</title>
5911 <simpara>2002-10-01</simpara>
5915 This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.2.2,
5916 including fixes to prevent possible data loss.
5920 <title>Migration to version 7.2.3</title>
5923 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
5924 running version 7.2.*.
5929 <title>Changes</title>
5932 <listitem><para>Prevent possible compressed transaction log loss (Tom)</para></listitem>
5933 <listitem><para>Prevent non-superuser from increasing most recent vacuum info (Tom)</para></listitem>
5934 <listitem><para>Handle pre-1970 date values in newer versions of glibc (Tom)</para></listitem>
5935 <listitem><para>Fix possible hang during server shutdown</para></listitem>
5936 <listitem><para>Prevent spinlock hangs on SMP PPC machines (Tomoyuki Niijima)</para></listitem>
5937 <listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_dump</> to properly dump FULL JOIN USING (Tom)</para></listitem>
5943 <sect1 id="release-7-2-2">
5944 <title>Release 7.2.2</title>
5947 <title>Release date</title>
5948 <simpara>2002-08-23</simpara>
5952 This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.2.1.
5956 <title>Migration to version 7.2.2</title>
5959 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
5960 running version 7.2.*.
5965 <title>Changes</title>
5968 <listitem><para>Allow EXECUTE of "CREATE TABLE AS ... SELECT" in PL/pgSQL (Tom)</para></listitem>
5969 <listitem><para>Fix for compressed transaction log id wraparound (Tom)</para></listitem>
5970 <listitem><para>Fix PQescapeBytea/PQunescapeBytea so that they handle bytes > 0x7f (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5971 <listitem><para>Fix for psql and <application>pg_dump</> crashing when invoked with non-existent long options (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5972 <listitem><para>Fix crash when invoking geometric operators (Tom)</para></listitem>
5973 <listitem><para>Allow OPEN cursor(args) (Tom)</para></listitem>
5974 <listitem><para>Fix for rtree_gist index build (Teodor)</para></listitem>
5975 <listitem><para>Fix for dumping user-defined aggregates (Tom)</para></listitem>
5976 <listitem><para>contrib/intarray fixes (Oleg)</para></listitem>
5977 <listitem><para>Fix for complex UNION/EXCEPT/INTERSECT queries using parens (Tom)</para></listitem>
5978 <listitem><para>Fix to pg_convert (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5979 <listitem><para>Fix for crash with long DATA strings (Thomas, Neil)</para></listitem>
5980 <listitem><para>Fix for repeat(), lpad(), rpad() and long strings (Neil)</para></listitem>
5986 <sect1 id="release-7-2-1">
5987 <title>Release 7.2.1</title>
5990 <title>Release date</title>
5991 <simpara>2002-03-21</simpara>
5995 This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.2.
5999 <title>Migration to version 7.2.1</title>
6002 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
6003 running version 7.2.
6008 <title>Changes</title>
6011 <listitem><para>Ensure that sequence counters do not go backwards after a crash (Tom)</para></listitem>
6012 <listitem><para>Fix pgaccess kanji-conversion key binding (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6013 <listitem><para>Optimizer improvements (Tom)</para></listitem>
6014 <listitem><para>Cash I/O improvements (Tom)</para></listitem>
6015 <listitem><para>New Russian FAQ</para></listitem>
6016 <listitem><para>Compile fix for missing AuthBlockSig (Heiko)</para></listitem>
6017 <listitem><para>Additional time zones and time zone fixes (Thomas)</para></listitem>
6018 <listitem><para>Allow psql \connect to handle mixed case database and user names (Tom)</para></listitem>
6019 <listitem><para>Return proper OID on command completion even with ON INSERT rules (Tom)</para></listitem>
6020 <listitem><para>Allow COPY FROM to use 8-bit DELIMITERS (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6021 <listitem><para>Fix bug in extract/date_part for milliseconds/microseconds (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6022 <listitem><para>Improve handling of multiple UNIONs with different lengths (Tom)</para></listitem>
6023 <listitem><para>contrib/btree_gist improvements (Teodor Sigaev)</para></listitem>
6024 <listitem><para>contrib/tsearch dictionary improvements, see README.tsearch for an additional installation step (Thomas T. Thai, Teodor Sigaev)</para></listitem>
6025 <listitem><para>Fix for array subscripts handling (Tom)</para></listitem>
6026 <listitem><para>Allow EXECUTE of "CREATE TABLE AS ... SELECT" in PL/pgSQL (Tom)</para></listitem>
6032 <sect1 id="release-7-2">
6033 <title>Release 7.2</title>
6036 <title>Release date</title>
6037 <simpara>2002-02-04</simpara>
6041 <title>Overview</title>
6044 This release improves <productname>PostgreSQL</> for use in
6045 high-volume applications.
6049 Major changes in this release:
6056 Vacuuming no longer locks tables, thus allowing normal user
6057 access during the vacuum. A new <command>VACUUM FULL</>
6058 command does old-style vacuum by locking the table and
6059 shrinking the on-disk copy of the table.
6065 <term>Transactions</term>
6068 There is no longer a problem with installations that exceed
6069 four billion transactions.
6078 OIDs are now optional. Users can now create tables without
6079 OIDs for cases where OID usage is excessive.
6085 <term>Optimizer</term>
6088 The system now computes histogram column statistics during
6089 <command>ANALYZE</>, allowing much better optimizer choices.
6095 <term>Security</term>
6098 A new MD5 encryption option allows more secure storage and
6099 transfer of passwords. A new Unix-domain socket
6100 authentication option is available on Linux and BSD systems.
6106 <term>Statistics</term>
6109 Administrators can use the new table access statistics module
6110 to get fine-grained information about table and index usage.
6116 <term>Internationalization</term>
6119 Program and library messages can now be displayed in several
6129 <title>Migration to version 7.2</title>
6132 A dump/restore using <command>pg_dump</command> is required for
6133 those wishing to migrate data from any previous release.
6137 Observe the following incompatibilities:
6142 The semantics of the <command>VACUUM</command> command have
6143 changed in this release. You may wish to update your
6144 maintenance procedures accordingly.
6150 In this release, comparisons using <literal>= NULL</literal>
6151 will always return false (or NULL, more precisely). Previous
6152 releases automatically transformed this syntax to <literal>IS
6153 NULL</literal>. The old behavior can be re-enabled using a
6154 <filename>postgresql.conf</filename> parameter.
6160 The <filename>pg_hba.conf</> and <filename>pg_ident.conf</>
6161 configuration is now only reloaded after receiving a
6162 <systemitem>SIGHUP</> signal, not with each connection.
6168 The function <filename>octet_length()</> now returns the uncompressed data length.
6174 The date/time value <literal>'current'</literal> is no longer
6175 available. You will need to rewrite your applications.
6181 The <literal>timestamp()</literal>, <literal>time()</literal>,
6182 and <literal>interval()</literal> functions are no longer
6183 available. Instead of <literal>timestamp()</literal>, use
6184 <literal>timestamp 'string'</literal> or <literal>CAST</literal>.
6191 The <literal>SELECT ... LIMIT #,#</literal> syntax will be removed
6192 in the next release. You should change your queries to use
6193 separate LIMIT and OFFSET clauses, e.g. <literal>LIMIT 10 OFFSET
6199 <title>Changes</title>
6202 <title>Server Operation</title>
6204 <listitem><para>Create temporary files in a separate directory (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6205 <listitem><para>Delete orphaned temporary files on postmaster startup (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6206 <listitem><para>Added unique indexes to some system tables (Tom)</para></listitem>
6207 <listitem><para>System table operator reorganization (Oleg Bartunov, Teodor Sigaev, Tom)</para></listitem>
6208 <listitem><para>Renamed pg_log to pg_clog (Tom)</para></listitem>
6209 <listitem><para>Enable SIGTERM, SIGQUIT to kill backends (Jan)</para></listitem>
6210 <listitem><para>Removed compile-time limit on number of backends (Tom)</para></listitem>
6211 <listitem><para>Better cleanup for semaphore resource failure (Tatsuo, Tom)</para></listitem>
6212 <listitem><para>Allow safe transaction ID wraparound (Tom)</para></listitem>
6213 <listitem><para>Removed OIDs from some system tables (Tom)</para></listitem>
6214 <listitem><para>Removed "triggered data change violation" error check (Tom)</para></listitem>
6215 <listitem><para>SPI portal creation of prepared/saved plans (Jan)</para></listitem>
6216 <listitem><para>Allow SPI column functions to work for system columns (Tom)</para></listitem>
6217 <listitem><para>Long value compression improvement (Tom)</para></listitem>
6218 <listitem><para>Statistics collector for table, index access (Jan)</para></listitem>
6219 <listitem><para>Truncate extra-long sequence names to a reasonable value (Tom)</para></listitem>
6220 <listitem><para>Measure transaction times in milliseconds (Thomas)</para></listitem>
6221 <listitem><para>Fix TID sequential scans (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
6222 <listitem><para>Superuser ID now fixed at 1 (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6223 <listitem><para>New pg_ctl "reload" option (Tom)</para></listitem>
6228 <title>Performance</title>
6230 <listitem><para>Optimizer improvements (Tom)</para></listitem>
6231 <listitem><para>New histogram column statistics for optimizer (Tom)</para></listitem>
6232 <listitem><para>Reuse write-ahead log files rather than discarding them (Tom)</para></listitem>
6233 <listitem><para>Cache improvements (Tom)</para></listitem>
6234 <listitem><para>IS NULL, IS NOT NULL optimizer improvement (Tom)</para></listitem>
6235 <listitem><para>Improve lock manager to reduce lock contention (Tom)</para></listitem>
6236 <listitem><para>Keep relcache entries for index access support functions (Tom)</para></listitem>
6237 <listitem><para>Allow better selectivity with NaN and infinities in NUMERIC (Tom)</para></listitem>
6238 <listitem><para>R-tree performance improvements (Kenneth Been)</para></listitem>
6239 <listitem><para>B-tree splits more efficient (Tom)</para></listitem>
6244 <title>Privileges</title>
6246 <listitem><para>Change UPDATE, DELETE privileges to be distinct (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6247 <listitem><para>New REFERENCES, TRIGGER privileges (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6248 <listitem><para>Allow GRANT/REVOKE to/from more than one user at a time (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6249 <listitem><para>New has_table_privilege() function (Joe Conway)</para></listitem>
6250 <listitem><para>Allow non-superuser to vacuum database (Tom)</para></listitem>
6251 <listitem><para>New SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION command (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6252 <listitem><para>Fix bug in privilege modifications on newly created tables (Tom)</para></listitem>
6253 <listitem><para>Disallow access to pg_statistic for non-superuser, add user-accessible views (Tom)</para></listitem>
6258 <title>Client Authentication</title>
6260 <listitem><para>Fork postmaster before doing authentication to prevent hangs (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6261 <listitem><para>Add ident authentication over Unix domain sockets on Linux, *BSD (Helge Bahmann, Oliver Elphick, Teodor Sigaev, Bruce)</para></listitem>
6262 <listitem><para>Add a password authentication method that uses MD5 encryption (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6263 <listitem><para>Allow encryption of stored passwords using MD5 (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6264 <listitem><para>PAM authentication (Dominic J. Eidson)</para></listitem>
6265 <listitem><para>Load pg_hba.conf and pg_ident.conf only on startup and SIGHUP (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6270 <title>Server Configuration</title>
6272 <listitem><para>Interpretation of some time zone abbreviations as Australian rather than North American now settable at run time (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6273 <listitem><para>New parameter to set default transaction isolation level (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6274 <listitem><para>New parameter to enable conversion of "expr = NULL" into "expr IS NULL", off by default (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6275 <listitem><para>New parameter to control memory usage by VACUUM (Tom)</para></listitem>
6276 <listitem><para>New parameter to set client authentication timeout (Tom)</para></listitem>
6277 <listitem><para>New parameter to set maximum number of open files (Tom)</para></listitem>
6282 <title>Queries</title>
6284 <listitem><para>Statements added by INSERT rules now execute after the INSERT (Jan)</para></listitem>
6285 <listitem><para>Prevent unadorned relation names in target list (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6286 <listitem><para>NULLs now sort after all normal values in ORDER BY (Tom)</para></listitem>
6287 <listitem><para>New IS UNKNOWN, IS NOT UNKNOWN Boolean tests (Tom)</para></listitem>
6288 <listitem><para>New SHARE UPDATE EXCLUSIVE lock mode (Tom)</para></listitem>
6289 <listitem><para>New EXPLAIN ANALYZE command that shows run times and row counts (Martijn van Oosterhout)</para></listitem>
6290 <listitem><para>Fix problem with LIMIT and subqueries (Tom)</para></listitem>
6291 <listitem><para>Fix for LIMIT, DISTINCT ON pushed into subqueries (Tom)</para></listitem>
6292 <listitem><para>Fix nested EXCEPT/INTERSECT (Tom)</para></listitem>
6297 <title>Schema Manipulation</title>
6299 <listitem><para>Fix SERIAL in temporary tables (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6300 <listitem><para>Allow temporary sequences (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6301 <listitem><para>Sequences now use int8 internally (Tom)</para></listitem>
6302 <listitem><para>New SERIAL8 creates int8 columns with sequences, default still SERIAL4 (Tom)</para></listitem>
6303 <listitem><para>Make OIDs optional using WITHOUT OIDS (Tom)</para></listitem>
6304 <listitem><para>Add %TYPE syntax to CREATE TYPE (Ian Lance Taylor)</para></listitem>
6305 <listitem><para>Add ALTER TABLE / DROP CONSTRAINT for CHECK constraints (Christopher Kings-Lynne)</para></listitem>
6306 <listitem><para>New CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION to alter existing function (preserving the function OID) (Gavin Sherry)</para></listitem>
6307 <listitem><para>Add ALTER TABLE / ADD [ UNIQUE | PRIMARY ] (Christopher Kings-Lynne)</para></listitem>
6308 <listitem><para>Allow column renaming in views</para></listitem>
6309 <listitem><para>Make ALTER TABLE / RENAME COLUMN update column names of indexes (Brent Verner)</para></listitem>
6310 <listitem><para>Fix for ALTER TABLE / ADD CONSTRAINT ... CHECK with inherited tables (Stephan Szabo)</para></listitem>
6311 <listitem><para>ALTER TABLE RENAME update foreign-key trigger arguments correctly (Brent Verner)</para></listitem>
6312 <listitem><para>DROP AGGREGATE and COMMENT ON AGGREGATE now accept an aggtype (Tom)</para></listitem>
6313 <listitem><para>Add automatic return type data casting for SQL functions (Tom)</para></listitem>
6314 <listitem><para>Allow GiST indexes to handle NULLs and multikey indexes (Oleg Bartunov, Teodor Sigaev, Tom)</para></listitem>
6315 <listitem><para>Enable partial indexes (Martijn van Oosterhout)</para></listitem>
6320 <title>Utility Commands</title>
6322 <listitem><para>Add RESET ALL, SHOW ALL (Marko Kreen)</para></listitem>
6323 <listitem><para>CREATE/ALTER USER/GROUP now allow options in any order (Vince)</para></listitem>
6324 <listitem><para>Add LOCK A, B, C functionality (Neil Padgett)</para></listitem>
6325 <listitem><para>New ENCRYPTED/UNENCRYPTED option to CREATE/ALTER USER (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6326 <listitem><para>New light-weight VACUUM does not lock table; old semantics are available as VACUUM FULL (Tom)</para></listitem>
6327 <listitem><para>Disable COPY TO/FROM on views (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6328 <listitem><para>COPY DELIMITERS string must be exactly one character (Tom)</para></listitem>
6329 <listitem><para>VACUUM warning about index tuples fewer than heap now only appears when appropriate (Martijn van Oosterhout)</para></listitem>
6330 <listitem><para>Fix privilege checks for CREATE INDEX (Tom)</para></listitem>
6331 <listitem><para>Disallow inappropriate use of CREATE/DROP INDEX/TRIGGER/VIEW (Tom)</para></listitem>
6336 <title>Data Types and Functions</title>
6338 <listitem><para>SUM(), AVG(), COUNT() now uses int8 internally for speed (Tom)</para></listitem>
6339 <listitem><para>Add convert(), convert2() (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6340 <listitem><para>New function bit_length() (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6341 <listitem><para>Make the "n" in CHAR(n)/VARCHAR(n) represents letters, not bytes (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6342 <listitem><para>CHAR(), VARCHAR() now reject strings that are too long (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6343 <listitem><para>BIT VARYING now rejects bit strings that are too long (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6344 <listitem><para>BIT now rejects bit strings that do not match declared size (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6345 <listitem><para>INET, CIDR text conversion functions (Alex Pilosov)</para></listitem>
6346 <listitem><para>INET, CIDR operators << and <<= indexable (Alex Pilosov)</para></listitem>
6347 <listitem><para>Bytea \### now requires valid three digit octal number</para></listitem>
6348 <listitem><para>Bytea comparison improvements, now supports =, <>, >, >=, <, and <=</para></listitem>
6349 <listitem><para>Bytea now supports B-tree indexes</para></listitem>
6350 <listitem><para>Bytea now supports LIKE, LIKE...ESCAPE, NOT LIKE, NOT LIKE...ESCAPE</para></listitem>
6351 <listitem><para>Bytea now supports concatenation</para></listitem>
6352 <listitem><para>New bytea functions: position, substring, trim, btrim, and length</para></listitem>
6353 <listitem><para>New encode() function mode, "escaped", converts minimally escaped bytea to/from text</para></listitem>
6354 <listitem><para>Add pg_database_encoding_max_length() (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6355 <listitem><para>Add pg_client_encoding() function (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6356 <listitem><para>now() returns time with millisecond precision (Thomas)</para></listitem>
6357 <listitem><para>New TIMESTAMP WITHOUT TIMEZONE data type (Thomas)</para></listitem>
6358 <listitem><para>Add ISO date/time specification with "T", yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss (Thomas)</para></listitem>
6359 <listitem><para>New xid/int comparison functions (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
6360 <listitem><para>Add precision to TIME, TIMESTAMP, and INTERVAL data types (Thomas)</para></listitem>
6361 <listitem><para>Modify type coercion logic to attempt binary-compatible functions first (Tom)</para></listitem>
6362 <listitem><para>New encode() function installed by default (Marko Kreen)</para></listitem>
6363 <listitem><para>Improved to_*() conversion functions (Karel Zak)</para></listitem>
6364 <listitem><para>Optimize LIKE/ILIKE when using single-byte encodings (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6365 <listitem><para>New functions in contrib/pgcrypto: crypt(), hmac(), encrypt(), gen_salt() (Marko Kreen)</para></listitem>
6366 <listitem><para>Correct description of translate() function (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6367 <listitem><para>Add INTERVAL argument for SET TIME ZONE (Thomas)</para></listitem>
6368 <listitem><para>Add INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH (etc.) syntax (Thomas)</para></listitem>
6369 <listitem><para>Optimize length functions when using single-byte encodings (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6370 <listitem><para>Fix path_inter, path_distance, path_length, dist_ppath to handle closed paths (Curtis Barrett, Tom)</para></listitem>
6371 <listitem><para>octet_length(text) now returns non-compressed length (Tatsuo, Bruce)</para></listitem>
6372 <listitem><para>Handle "July" full name in date/time literals (Greg Sabino Mullane)</para></listitem>
6373 <listitem><para>Some datatype() function calls now evaluated differently</para></listitem>
6374 <listitem><para>Add support for Julian and ISO time specifications (Thomas)</para></listitem>
6379 <title>Internationalization</title>
6381 <listitem><para>National language support in psql, <application>pg_dump</>, libpq, and server (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6382 <listitem><para>Message translations in Chinese (simplified, traditional), Czech, French, German, Hungarian, Russian, Swedish (Peter E, Serguei A. Mokhov, Karel Zak, Weiping He, Zhenbang Wei, Kovacs Zoltan)</para></listitem>
6383 <listitem><para>Make trim, ltrim, rtrim, btrim, lpad, rpad, translate multibyte aware (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6384 <listitem><para>Add LATIN5,6,7,8,9,10 support (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6385 <listitem><para>Add ISO 8859-5,6,7,8 support (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6386 <listitem><para>Correct LATIN5 to mean ISO-8859-9, not ISO-8859-5 (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6387 <listitem><para>Make mic2ascii() non-ASCII aware (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6388 <listitem><para>Reject invalid multibyte character sequences (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6393 <title><application>PL/pgSQL</></title>
6395 <listitem><para>Now uses portals for SELECT loops, allowing huge result sets (Jan)</para></listitem>
6396 <listitem><para>CURSOR and REFCURSOR support (Jan)</para></listitem>
6397 <listitem><para>Can now return open cursors (Jan)</para></listitem>
6398 <listitem><para>Add ELSEIF (Klaus Reger)</para></listitem>
6399 <listitem><para>Improve PL/pgSQL error reporting, including location of error (Tom)</para></listitem>
6400 <listitem><para>Allow IS or FOR key words in cursor declaration, for compatibility (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6401 <listitem><para>Fix for SELECT ... FOR UPDATE (Tom)</para></listitem>
6402 <listitem><para>Fix for PERFORM returning multiple rows (Tom)</para></listitem>
6403 <listitem><para>Make PL/pgSQL use the server's type coercion code (Tom)</para></listitem>
6404 <listitem><para>Memory leak fix (Jan, Tom)</para></listitem>
6405 <listitem><para>Make trailing semicolon optional (Tom)</para></listitem>
6410 <title>PL/Perl</title>
6412 <listitem><para>New untrusted PL/Perl (Alex Pilosov)</para></listitem>
6413 <listitem><para>PL/Perl is now built on some platforms even if libperl is not shared (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6418 <title>PL/Tcl</title>
6420 <listitem><para>Now reports errorInfo (Vsevolod Lobko)</para></listitem>
6421 <listitem><para>Add spi_lastoid function (bob@redivi.com)</para></listitem>
6426 <title>PL/Python</title>
6428 <listitem><para>...is new (Andrew Bosma)</para></listitem>
6433 <title><application>psql</></title>
6435 <listitem><para>\d displays indexes in unique, primary groupings (Christopher Kings-Lynne)</para></listitem>
6436 <listitem><para>Allow trailing semicolons in backslash commands (Greg Sabino Mullane)</para></listitem>
6437 <listitem><para>Read password from /dev/tty if possible</para></listitem>
6438 <listitem><para>Force new password prompt when changing user and database (Tatsuo, Tom)</para></listitem>
6439 <listitem><para>Format the correct number of columns for Unicode (Patrice)</para></listitem>
6444 <title><application>libpq</></title>
6446 <listitem><para>New function PQescapeString() to escape quotes in command strings (Florian Weimer)</para></listitem>
6447 <listitem><para>New function PQescapeBytea() escapes binary strings for use as SQL string literals</para></listitem>
6454 <listitem><para>Return OID of INSERT (Ken K)</para></listitem>
6455 <listitem><para>Handle more data types (Ken K)</para></listitem>
6456 <listitem><para>Handle single quotes and newlines in strings (Ken K)</para></listitem>
6457 <listitem><para>Handle NULL variables (Ken K)</para></listitem>
6458 <listitem><para>Fix for time zone handling (Barry Lind)</para></listitem>
6459 <listitem><para>Improved Druid support</para></listitem>
6460 <listitem><para>Allow eight-bit characters with non-multibyte server (Barry Lind)</para></listitem>
6461 <listitem><para>Support BIT, BINARY types (Ned Wolpert)</para></listitem>
6462 <listitem><para>Reduce memory usage (Michael Stephens, Dave Cramer)</para></listitem>
6463 <listitem><para>Update DatabaseMetaData (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6464 <listitem><para>Add DatabaseMetaData.getCatalogs() (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6465 <listitem><para>Encoding fixes (Anders Bengtsson)</para></listitem>
6466 <listitem><para>Get/setCatalog methods (Jason Davies)</para></listitem>
6467 <listitem><para>DatabaseMetaData.getColumns() now returns column defaults (Jason Davies)</para></listitem>
6468 <listitem><para>DatabaseMetaData.getColumns() performance improvement (Jeroen van Vianen)</para></listitem>
6469 <listitem><para>Some JDBC1 and JDBC2 merging (Anders Bengtsson)</para></listitem>
6470 <listitem><para>Transaction performance improvements (Barry Lind)</para></listitem>
6471 <listitem><para>Array fixes (Greg Zoller)</para></listitem>
6472 <listitem><para>Serialize addition </para></listitem>
6473 <listitem><para>Fix batch processing (Rene Pijlman)</para></listitem>
6474 <listitem><para>ExecSQL method reorganization (Anders Bengtsson)</para></listitem>
6475 <listitem><para>GetColumn() fixes (Jeroen van Vianen)</para></listitem>
6476 <listitem><para>Fix isWriteable() function (Rene Pijlman)</para></listitem>
6477 <listitem><para>Improved passage of JDBC2 conformance tests (Rene Pijlman)</para></listitem>
6478 <listitem><para>Add bytea type capability (Barry Lind)</para></listitem>
6479 <listitem><para>Add isNullable() (Rene Pijlman)</para></listitem>
6480 <listitem><para>JDBC date/time test suite fixes (Liam Stewart)</para></listitem>
6481 <listitem><para>Fix for SELECT 'id' AS xxx FROM table (Dave Cramer)</para></listitem>
6482 <listitem><para>Fix DatabaseMetaData to show precision properly (Mark Lillywhite)</para></listitem>
6483 <listitem><para>New getImported/getExported keys (Jason Davies)</para></listitem>
6484 <listitem><para>MD5 password encryption support (Jeremy Wohl)</para></listitem>
6485 <listitem><para>Fix to actually use type cache (Ned Wolpert)</para></listitem>
6492 <listitem><para>Remove query size limit (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
6493 <listitem><para>Remove text field size limit (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
6494 <listitem><para>Fix for SQLPrimaryKeys in multibyte mode (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
6495 <listitem><para>Allow ODBC procedure calls (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
6496 <listitem><para>Improve boolean handing (Aidan Mountford)</para></listitem>
6497 <listitem><para>Most configuration options now settable via DSN (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
6498 <listitem><para>Multibyte, performance fixes (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
6499 <listitem><para>Allow driver to be used with iODBC or unixODBC (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6500 <listitem><para>MD5 password encryption support (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6501 <listitem><para>Add more compatibility functions to odbc.sql (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6506 <title><application>ECPG</></title>
6508 <listitem><para>EXECUTE ... INTO implemented (Christof Petig)</para></listitem>
6509 <listitem><para>Multiple row descriptor support (e.g. CARDINALITY) (Christof Petig)</para></listitem>
6510 <listitem><para>Fix for GRANT parameters (Lee Kindness)</para></listitem>
6511 <listitem><para>Fix INITIALLY DEFERRED bug</para></listitem>
6512 <listitem><para>Various bug fixes (Michael, Christof Petig)</para></listitem>
6513 <listitem><para>Auto allocation for indicator variable arrays (int *ind_p=NULL)</para></listitem>
6514 <listitem><para>Auto allocation for string arrays (char **foo_pp=NULL)</para></listitem>
6515 <listitem><para>ECPGfree_auto_mem fixed</para></listitem>
6516 <listitem><para>All function names with external linkage are now prefixed by ECPG</para></listitem>
6517 <listitem><para>Fixes for arrays of structures (Michael)</para></listitem>
6522 <title>Misc. Interfaces</title>
6524 <listitem><para>Python fix fetchone() (Gerhard Haring)</para></listitem>
6525 <listitem><para>Use UTF, Unicode in Tcl where appropriate (Vsevolod Lobko, Reinhard Max)</para></listitem>
6526 <listitem><para>Add Tcl COPY TO/FROM (ljb)</para></listitem>
6527 <listitem><para>Prevent output of default index op class in <application>pg_dump</> (Tom)</para></listitem>
6528 <listitem><para>Fix libpgeasy memory leak (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6533 <title>Build and Install</title>
6535 <listitem><para>Configure, dynamic loader, and shared library fixes (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6536 <listitem><para>Fixes in QNX 4 port (Bernd Tegge)</para></listitem>
6537 <listitem><para>Fixes in Cygwin and Windows ports (Jason Tishler, Gerhard Haring, Dmitry Yurtaev, Darko Prenosil, Mikhail Terekhov)</para></listitem>
6538 <listitem><para>Fix for Windows socket communication failures (Magnus, Mikhail Terekhov)</para></listitem>
6539 <listitem><para>Hurd compile fix (Oliver Elphick)</para></listitem>
6540 <listitem><para>BeOS fixes (Cyril Velter)</para></listitem>
6541 <listitem><para>Remove configure --enable-unicode-conversion, now enabled by multibyte (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6542 <listitem><para>AIX fixes (Tatsuo, Andreas)</para></listitem>
6543 <listitem><para>Fix parallel make (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6544 <listitem><para>Install SQL language manual pages into OS-specific directories (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6545 <listitem><para>Rename config.h to pg_config.h (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6546 <listitem><para>Reorganize installation layout of header files (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6551 <title>Source Code</title>
6553 <listitem><para>Remove SEP_CHAR (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6554 <listitem><para>New GUC hooks (Tom)</para></listitem>
6555 <listitem><para>Merge GUC and command line handling (Marko Kreen)</para></listitem>
6556 <listitem><para>Remove EXTEND INDEX (Martijn van Oosterhout, Tom)</para></listitem>
6557 <listitem><para>New pgjindent utility to indent java code (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6558 <listitem><para>Remove define of true/false when compiling under C++ (Leandro Fanzone, Tom)</para></listitem>
6559 <listitem><para>pgindent fixes (Bruce, Tom)</para></listitem>
6560 <listitem><para>Replace strcasecmp() with strcmp() where appropriate (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6561 <listitem><para>Dynahash portability improvements (Tom)</para></listitem>
6562 <listitem><para>Add 'volatile' usage in spinlock structures</para></listitem>
6563 <listitem><para>Improve signal handling logic (Tom)</para></listitem>
6568 <title>Contrib</title>
6570 <listitem><para>New contrib/rtree_gist (Oleg Bartunov, Teodor Sigaev)</para></listitem>
6571 <listitem><para>New contrib/tsearch full-text indexing (Oleg, Teodor Sigaev)</para></listitem>
6572 <listitem><para>Add contrib/dblink for remote database access (Joe Conway)</para></listitem>
6573 <listitem><para>contrib/ora2pg Oracle conversion utility (Gilles Darold)</para></listitem>
6574 <listitem><para>contrib/xml XML conversion utility (John Gray)</para></listitem>
6575 <listitem><para>contrib/fulltextindex fixes (Christopher Kings-Lynne)</para></listitem>
6576 <listitem><para>New contrib/fuzzystrmatch with levenshtein and metaphone, soundex merged (Joe Conway)</para></listitem>
6577 <listitem><para>Add contrib/intarray boolean queries, binary search, fixes (Oleg Bartunov)</para></listitem>
6578 <listitem><para>New pg_upgrade utility (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6579 <listitem><para>Add new pg_resetxlog options (Bruce, Tom)</para></listitem>
6586 <sect1 id="release-7-1-3">
6587 <title>Release 7.1.3</title>
6590 <title>Release date</title>
6591 <simpara>2001-08-15</simpara>
6595 <title>Migration to version 7.1.3</title>
6598 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
6604 <title>Changes</title>
6608 Remove unused WAL segements of large transactions (Tom)
6609 Multiaction rule fix (Tom)
6610 PL/pgSQL memory allocation fix (Jan)
6611 VACUUM buffer fix (Tom)
6612 Regression test fixes (Tom)
6613 pg_dump fixes for GRANT/REVOKE/comments on views, user-defined types (Tom)
6614 Fix subselects with DISTINCT ON or LIMIT (Tom)
6616 Disable COPY TO/FROM a view (Tom)
6617 Cygwin build (Jason Tishler)
6624 <sect1 id="release-7-1-2">
6625 <title>Release 7.1.2</title>
6628 <title>Release date</title>
6629 <simpara>2001-05-11</simpara>
6633 This has one fix from 7.1.1.
6638 <title>Migration to version 7.1.2</title>
6641 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
6647 <title>Changes</title>
6651 Fix PL/pgSQL SELECTs when returning no rows
6652 Fix for psql backslash core dump
6653 Referential integrity privilege fix
6662 <sect1 id="release-7-1-1">
6663 <title>Release 7.1.1</title>
6666 <title>Release date</title>
6667 <simpara>2001-05-05</simpara>
6671 This has a variety of fixes from 7.1.
6676 <title>Migration to version 7.1.1</title>
6679 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
6685 <title>Changes</title>
6689 Fix for numeric MODULO operator (Tom)
6690 pg_dump fixes (Philip)
6691 pg_dump can dump 7.0 databases (Philip)
6692 readline 4.2 fixes (Peter E)
6694 AIX, MSWIN, VAX, N32K fixes (Tom)
6695 Multibytes fixes (Tom)
6696 Unicode fixes (Tatsuo)
6697 Optimizer improvements (Tom)
6698 Fix for whole rows in functions (Tom)
6699 Fix for pg_ctl and option strings with spaces (Peter E)
6700 ODBC fixes (Hiroshi)
6701 EXTRACT can now take string argument (Thomas)
6702 Python fixes (Darcy)
6709 <sect1 id="release-7-1">
6710 <title>Release 7.1</title>
6713 <title>Release date</title>
6714 <simpara>2001-04-13</simpara>
6718 This release focuses on removing limitations that have existed in the
6719 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> code for many years.
6723 Major changes in this release:
6728 Write-ahead Log (WAL)
6732 To maintain database consistency in case of an operating system crash,
6733 previous releases of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> have forced
6734 all data modifications to disk before each transaction commit. With
6735 WAL, only one log file must be flushed to disk, greatly improving
6736 performance. If you have been using -F in previous releases to
6737 disable disk flushes, you may want to consider discontinuing its use.
6748 TOAST - Previous releases had a compiled-in row length limit,
6749 typically 8k - 32k. This limit made storage of long text fields
6750 difficult. With TOAST, long rows of any length can be stored with good
6762 We now support outer joins. The UNION/NOT IN
6763 workaround for outer joins is no longer required. We use the SQL92
6775 The previous C function manager did not
6776 handle null values properly, nor did it support 64-bit <acronym>CPU</acronym>'s (Alpha). The new
6777 function manager does. You can continue using your old custom
6778 functions, but you may want to rewrite them in the future to use the new
6779 function manager call interface.
6790 A large number of complex queries that were
6791 unsupported in previous releases now work. Many combinations of views,
6792 aggregates, UNION, LIMIT, cursors, subqueries, and inherited tables
6793 now work properly. Inherited tables are now accessed by default.
6794 Subqueries in FROM are now supported.
6803 <title>Migration to version 7.1</title>
6806 A dump/restore using pg_dump is required for those wishing to migrate
6807 data from any previous release.
6812 <title>Changes</title>
6818 Many multibyte/Unicode/locale fixes (Tatsuo and others)
6819 More reliable ALTER TABLE RENAME (Tom)
6820 Kerberos V fixes (David Wragg)
6821 Fix for INSERT INTO...SELECT where targetlist has subqueries (Tom)
6822 Prompt username/password on standard error (Bruce)
6823 Large objects inv_read/inv_write fixes (Tom)
6824 Fixes for to_char(), to_date(), to_ascii(), and to_timestamp() (Karel,
6826 Prevent query expressions from leaking memory (Tom)
6827 Allow UPDATE of arrays elements (Tom)
6828 Wake up lock waiters during cancel (Hiroshi)
6829 Fix rare cursor crash when using hash join (Tom)
6830 Fix for DROP TABLE/INDEX in rolled-back transaction (Hiroshi)
6831 Fix psql crash from \l+ if MULTIBYTE enabled (Peter E)
6832 Fix truncation of rule names during CREATE VIEW (Ross Reedstrom)
6833 Fix PL/perl (Alex Kapranoff)
6834 Disallow LOCK on views (Mark Hollomon)
6835 Disallow INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE on views (Mark Hollomon)
6836 Disallow DROP RULE, CREATE INDEX, TRUNCATE on views (Mark Hollomon)
6837 Allow PL/pgSQL accept non-ASCII identifiers (Tatsuo)
6838 Allow views to proper handle GROUP BY, aggregates, DISTINCT (Tom)
6839 Fix rare failure with TRUNCATE command (Tom)
6840 Allow UNION/INTERSECT/EXCEPT to be used with ALL, subqueries, views,
6841 DISTINCT, ORDER BY, SELECT...INTO (Tom)
6842 Fix parser failures during aborted transactions (Tom)
6843 Allow temporary relations to properly clean up indexes (Bruce)
6844 Fix VACUUM problem with moving rows in same page (Tom)
6845 Modify pg_dump to better handle user-defined items in template1 (Philip)
6846 Allow LIMIT in VIEW (Tom)
6847 Require cursor FETCH to honor LIMIT (Tom)
6848 Allow PRIMARY/FOREIGN Key definitions on inherited columns (Stephan)
6849 Allow ORDER BY, LIMIT in subqueries (Tom)
6850 Allow UNION in CREATE RULE (Tom)
6851 Make ALTER/DROP TABLE rollback-able (Vadim, Tom)
6852 Store initdb collation in pg_control so collation cannot be changed (Tom)
6853 Fix INSERT...SELECT with rules (Tom)
6854 Fix FOR UPDATE inside views and subselects (Tom)
6855 Fix OVERLAPS operators conform to SQL92 spec regarding NULLs (Tom)
6856 Fix lpad() and rpad() to handle length less than input string (Tom)
6857 Fix use of NOTIFY in some rules (Tom)
6858 Overhaul btree code (Tom)
6859 Fix NOT NULL use in Pl/pgSQL variables (Tom)
6860 Overhaul GIST code (Oleg)
6861 Fix CLUSTER to preserve constraints and column default (Tom)
6862 Improved deadlock detection handling (Tom)
6863 Allow multiple SERIAL columns in a table (Tom)
6864 Prevent occasional index corruption (Vadim)
6868 Add OUTER JOINs (Tom)
6869 Function manager overhaul (Tom)
6870 Allow ALTER TABLE RENAME on indexes (Tom)
6871 Improve CLUSTER (Tom)
6872 Improve ps status display for more platforms (Peter E, Marc)
6873 Improve CREATE FUNCTION failure message (Ross)
6874 JDBC improvements (Peter, Travis Bauer, Christopher Cain, William Webber,
6876 Grand Unified Configuration scheme/GUC. Many options can now be set in
6877 data/postgresql.conf, postmaster/postgres flags, or SET commands (Peter E)
6878 Improved handling of file descriptor cache (Tom)
6879 New warning code about auto-created table alias entries (Bruce)
6880 Overhaul initdb process (Tom, Peter E)
6881 Overhaul of inherited tables; inherited tables now accessed by default;
6882 new ONLY key word prevents it (Chris Bitmead, Tom)
6883 ODBC cleanups/improvements (Nick Gorham, Stephan Szabo, Zoltan Kovacs,
6885 Allow renaming of temp tables (Tom)
6886 Overhaul memory manager contexts (Tom)
6887 pg_dumpall uses CREATE USER or CREATE GROUP rather using COPY (Peter E)
6888 Overhaul pg_dump (Philip Warner)
6889 Allow pg_hba.conf secondary password file to specify only username (Peter E)
6890 Allow TEMPORARY or TEMP key word when creating temporary tables (Bruce)
6891 New memory leak checker (Karel)
6892 New SET SESSION CHARACTERISTICS (Thomas)
6893 Allow nested block comments (Thomas)
6894 Add WITHOUT TIME ZONE type qualifier (Thomas)
6895 New ALTER TABLE ADD CONSTRAINT (Stephan)
6896 Use NUMERIC accumulators for INTEGER aggregates (Tom)
6897 Overhaul aggregate code (Tom)
6898 New VARIANCE and STDDEV() aggregates
6899 Improve dependency ordering of pg_dump (Philip)
6900 New pg_restore command (Philip)
6901 New pg_dump tar output option (Philip)
6902 New pg_dump of large objects (Philip)
6903 New ESCAPE option to LIKE (Thomas)
6904 New case-insensitive LIKE - ILIKE (Thomas)
6905 Allow functional indexes to use binary-compatible type (Tom)
6906 Allow SQL functions to be used in more contexts (Tom)
6907 New pg_config utility (Peter E)
6908 New PL/pgSQL EXECUTE command which allows dynamic SQL and utility statements
6910 New PL/pgSQL GET DIAGNOSTICS statement for SPI value access (Jan)
6911 New quote_identifiers() and quote_literal() functions (Jan)
6912 New ALTER TABLE table OWNER TO user command (Mark Hollomon)
6913 Allow subselects in FROM, i.e. FROM (SELECT ...) [AS] alias (Tom)
6914 Update PyGreSQL to version 3.1 (D'Arcy)
6915 Store tables as files named by OID (Vadim)
6916 New SQL function setval(seq,val,bool) for use in pg_dump (Philip)
6917 Require DROP VIEW to remove views, no DROP TABLE (Mark)
6918 Allow DROP VIEW view1, view2 (Mark)
6919 Allow multiple objects in DROP INDEX, DROP RULE, and DROP TYPE (Tom)
6920 Allow automatic conversion to/from Unicode (Tatsuo, Eiji)
6921 New /contrib/pgcrypto hashing functions (Marko Kreen)
6922 New pg_dumpall --globals-only option (Peter E)
6923 New CHECKPOINT command for WAL which creates new WAL log file (Vadim)
6924 New AT TIME ZONE syntax (Thomas)
6925 Allow location of Unix domain socket to be configurable (David J. MacKenzie)
6926 Allow postmaster to listen on a specific IP address (David J. MacKenzie)
6927 Allow socket path name to be specified in hostname by using leading slash
6928 (David J. MacKenzie)
6929 Allow CREATE DATABASE to specify template database (Tom)
6930 New utility to convert MySQL schema dumps to SQL92 and PostgreSQL (Thomas)
6931 New /contrib/rserv replication toolkit (Vadim)
6932 New file format for COPY BINARY (Tom)
6933 New /contrib/oid2name to map numeric files to table names (B Palmer)
6934 New "idle in transaction" ps status message (Marc)
6935 Update to pgaccess 0.98.7 (Constantin Teodorescu)
6936 pg_ctl now defaults to -w (wait) on shutdown, new -l (log) option
6937 Add rudimentary dependency checking to pg_dump (Philip)
6941 Fix INET/CIDR type ordering and add new functions (Tom)
6942 Make OID behave as an unsigned type (Tom)
6943 Allow BIGINT as synonym for INT8 (Peter E)
6944 New int2 and int8 comparison operators (Tom)
6945 New BIT and BIT VARYING types (Adriaan Joubert, Tom, Peter E)
6946 CHAR() no longer faster than VARCHAR() because of TOAST (Tom)
6947 New GIST seg/cube examples (Gene Selkov)
6948 Improved round(numeric) handling (Tom)
6949 Fix CIDR output formatting (Tom)
6950 New CIDR abbrev() function (Tom)
6954 Write-Ahead Log (WAL) to provide crash recovery with less performance
6956 ANALYZE stage of VACUUM no longer exclusively locks table (Bruce)
6957 Reduced file seeks (Denis Perchine)
6958 Improve BTREE code for duplicate keys (Tom)
6959 Store all large objects in a single table (Denis Perchine, Tom)
6960 Improve memory allocation performance (Karel, Tom)
6964 New function manager call conventions (Tom)
6965 SGI portability fixes (David Kaelbling)
6966 New configure --enable-syslog option (Peter E)
6967 New BSDI README (Bruce)
6968 configure script moved to top level, not /src (Peter E)
6969 Makefile/configuration/compilation overhaul (Peter E)
6970 New configure --with-python option (Peter E)
6971 Solaris cleanups (Peter E)
6972 Overhaul /contrib Makefiles (Karel)
6973 New OpenSSL configuration option (Magnus, Peter E)
6975 QNX fixes (Maurizio)
6976 New heap_open(), heap_openr() API (Tom)
6977 Remove colon and semi-colon operators (Thomas)
6978 New pg_class.relkind value for views (Mark Hollomon)
6979 Rename ichar() to chr() (Karel)
6980 New documentation for btrim(), ascii(), chr(), repeat() (Karel)
6981 Fixes for NT/Cygwin (Pete Forman)
6982 AIX port fixes (Andreas)
6983 New BeOS port (David Reid, Cyril Velter)
6984 Add proofreader's changes to docs (Addison-Wesley, Bruce)
6985 New Alpha spinlock code (Adriaan Joubert, Compaq)
6986 UnixWare port overhaul (Peter E)
6987 New Darwin/MacOS X port (Peter Bierman, Bruce Hartzler)
6988 New FreeBSD Alpha port (Alfred)
6989 Overhaul shared memory segments (Tom)
6990 Add IBM S/390 support (Neale Ferguson)
6991 Moved macmanuf to /contrib (Larry Rosenman)
6992 Syslog improvements (Larry Rosenman)
6993 New template0 database that contains no user additions (Tom)
6994 New /contrib/cube and /contrib/seg GIST sample code (Gene Selkov)
6995 Allow NetBSD's libedit instead of readline (Peter)
6996 Improved assembly language source code format (Bruce)
6997 New contrib/pg_logger
6998 New --template option to createdb
6999 New contrib/pg_control utility (Oliver)
7000 New FreeBSD tools ipc_check, start-scripts/freebsd
7007 <sect1 id="release-7-0-3">
7008 <title>Release 7.0.3</title>
7011 <title>Release date</title>
7012 <simpara>2000-11-11</simpara>
7016 This has a variety of fixes from 7.0.2.
7021 <title>Migration to version 7.0.3</title>
7024 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
7030 <title>Changes</title>
7035 Large object fix (Tom)
7036 Fix lean in COPY WITH OIDS leak (Tom)
7037 Fix backwards-index-scan (Tom)
7038 Fix SELECT ... FOR UPDATE so it checks for duplicate keys (Hiroshi)
7039 Add --enable-syslog to configure (Marc)
7040 Fix abort transaction at backend exit in rare cases (Tom)
7041 Fix for psql \l+ when multibyte enabled (Tatsuo)
7042 Allow PL/pgSQL to accept non ascii identifiers (Tatsuo)
7043 Make vacuum always flush buffers (Tom)
7044 Fix to allow cancel while waiting for a lock (Hiroshi)
7045 Fix for memory aloocation problem in user authentication code (Tom)
7046 Remove bogus use of int4out() (Tom)
7047 Fixes for multiple subqueries in COALESCE or BETWEEN (Tom)
7048 Fix for failure of triggers on heap open in certain cases (Jeroen van
7050 Fix for erroneous selectivity of not-equals (Tom)
7051 Fix for erroneous use of strcmp() (Tom)
7052 Fix for bug where storage manager accesses items beyond end of file
7054 Fix to include kernel errno message in all smgr elog messages (Tom)
7055 Fix for '.' not in PATH at build time (SL Baur)
7056 Fix for out-of-file-descriptors error (Tom)
7057 Fix to make pg_dump dump 'iscachable' flag for functions (Tom)
7058 Fix for subselect in targetlist of Append node (Tom)
7059 Fix for mergejoin plans (Tom)
7060 Fix TRUNCATE failure on relations with indexes (Tom)
7061 Avoid database-wide restart on write error (Hiroshi)
7062 Fix nodeMaterial to honor chgParam by recomputing its output (Tom)
7063 Fix VACUUM problem with moving chain of update row versions when source
7064 and destination of a row version lie on the same page (Tom)
7065 Fix user.c CommandCounterIncrement (Tom)
7066 Fix for AM/PM boundary problem in to_char() (Karel Zak)
7067 Fix TIME aggregate handling (Tom)
7068 Fix to_char() to avoid coredump on NULL input (Tom)
7070 Fix for inserting/copying longer multibyte strings into char() data
7072 Fix for crash of backend, on abort (Tom)
7079 <sect1 id="release-7-0-2">
7080 <title>Release 7.0.2</title>
7083 <title>Release date</title>
7084 <simpara>2000-06-05</simpara>
7088 This is a repackaging of 7.0.1 with added documentation.
7093 <title>Migration to version 7.0.2</title>
7096 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
7102 <title>Changes</title>
7106 Added documentation to tarball.
7113 <sect1 id="release-7-0-1">
7114 <title>Release 7.0.1</title>
7117 <title>Release date</title>
7118 <simpara>2000-06-01</simpara>
7122 This is a cleanup release for 7.0.
7126 <title>Migration to version 7.0.1</title>
7129 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
7135 <title>Changes</title>
7139 Fix many CLUSTER failures (Tom)
7140 Allow ALTER TABLE RENAME works on indexes (Tom)
7141 Fix plpgsql to handle datetime->timestamp and timespan->interval (Bruce)
7142 New configure --with-setproctitle switch to use setproctitle() (Marc, Bruce)
7143 Fix the off by one errors in ResultSet from 6.5.3, and more.
7144 jdbc ResultSet fixes (Joseph Shraibman)
7145 optimizer tunings (Tom)
7146 Fix create user for pgaccess
7147 Fix for UNLISTEN failure
7148 IRIX fixes (David Kaelbling)
7149 QNX fixes (Andreas Kardos)
7150 Reduce COPY IN lock level (Tom)
7151 Change libpqeasy to use PQconnectdb() style parameters (Bruce)
7152 Fix pg_dump to handle OID indexes (Tom)
7153 Fix small memory leak (Tom)
7154 Solaris fix for createdb/dropdb (Tatsuo)
7155 Fix for non-blocking connections (Alfred Perlstein)
7156 Fix improper recovery after RENAME TABLE failures (Tom)
7157 Copy pg_ident.conf.sample into /lib directory in install (Bruce)
7158 Add SJIS UDC (NEC selection IBM kanji) support (Eiji Tokuya)
7159 Fix too long syslog message (Tatsuo)
7160 Fix problem with quoted indexes that are too long (Tom)
7161 JDBC ResultSet.getTimestamp() fix (Gregory Krasnow & Floyd Marinescu)
7162 ecpg changes (Michael)
7168 <sect1 id="release-7-0">
7169 <title>Release 7.0</title>
7172 <title>Release date</title>
7173 <simpara>2000-05-08</simpara>
7177 This release contains improvements in many areas, demonstrating
7178 the continued growth of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
7179 There are more improvements and fixes in 7.0 than in any previous
7180 release. The developers have confidence that this is the best
7181 release yet; we do our best to put out only solid releases, and
7182 this one is no exception.
7186 Major changes in this release:
7195 Foreign keys are now implemented, with the exception of PARTIAL MATCH
7196 foreign keys. Many users have been asking for this feature, and we are
7197 pleased to offer it.
7208 Continuing on work started a year ago, the optimizer has been
7209 improved, allowing better query plan selection and faster performance
7210 with less memory usage.
7217 Updated <application>psql</application>
7221 <application>psql</application>, our interactive terminal monitor, has been
7222 updated with a variety of new features. See the <application>psql</application> manual page for details.
7233 SQL92 join syntax is now supported, though only as
7234 <literal>INNER JOIN</> for this release. <literal>JOIN</>,
7235 <literal>NATURAL JOIN</>, <literal>JOIN</>/<literal>USING</>,
7236 and <literal>JOIN</>/<literal>ON</> are available, as are
7237 column correlation names.
7245 <title>Migration to version 7.0</title>
7248 A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application>
7249 is required for those wishing to migrate data from any
7250 previous release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
7251 For those upgrading from 6.5.*, you may instead use
7252 <application>pg_upgrade</application> to upgrade to this
7253 release; however, a full dump/reload installation is always the
7254 most robust method for upgrades.
7258 Interface and compatibility issues to consider for the new
7264 The date/time types <type>datetime</type> and
7265 <type>timespan</type> have been superseded by the
7266 SQL92-defined types <type>timestamp</type> and
7267 <type>interval</type>. Although there has been some effort to
7268 ease the transition by allowing
7269 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> to recognize
7270 the deprecated type names and translate them to the new type
7271 names, this mechanism may not be completely transparent to
7272 your existing application.
7278 The optimizer has been substantially improved in the area of
7279 query cost estimation. In some cases, this will result in
7280 decreased query times as the optimizer makes a better choice
7281 for the preferred plan. However, in a small number of cases,
7282 usually involving pathological distributions of data, your
7283 query times may go up. If you are dealing with large amounts
7284 of data, you may want to check your queries to verify
7291 The <acronym>JDBC</acronym> and <acronym>ODBC</acronym>
7292 interfaces have been upgraded and extended.
7298 The string function <function>CHAR_LENGTH</function> is now a
7299 native function. Previous versions translated this into a call
7300 to <function>LENGTH</function>, which could result in
7301 ambiguity with other types implementing
7302 <function>LENGTH</function> such as the geometric types.
7311 <title>Changes</title>
7317 Prevent function calls exceeding maximum number of arguments (Tom)
7318 Improve CASE construct (Tom)
7319 Fix SELECT coalesce(f1,0) FROM int4_tbl GROUP BY f1 (Tom)
7320 Fix SELECT sentence.words[0] FROM sentence GROUP BY sentence.words[0] (Tom)
7321 Fix GROUP BY scan bug (Tom)
7322 Improvements in SQL grammar processing (Tom)
7323 Fix for views involved in INSERT ... SELECT ... (Tom)
7324 Fix for SELECT a/2, a/2 FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY a/2 (Tom)
7325 Fix for subselects in INSERT ... SELECT (Tom)
7326 Prevent INSERT ... SELECT ... ORDER BY (Tom)
7327 Fixes for relations greater than 2GB, including vacuum
7328 Improve propagating system table changes to other backends (Tom)
7329 Improve propagating user table changes to other backends (Tom)
7330 Fix handling of temp tables in complex situations (Bruce, Tom)
7331 Allow table locking at table open, improving concurrent reliability (Tom)
7332 Properly quote sequence names in pg_dump (Ross J. Reedstrom)
7333 Prevent DROP DATABASE while others accessing
7334 Prevent any rows from being returned by GROUP BY if no rows processed (Tom)
7335 Fix SELECT COUNT(1) FROM table WHERE ...' if no rows matching WHERE (Tom)
7336 Fix pg_upgrade so it works for MVCC (Tom)
7337 Fix for SELECT ... WHERE x IN (SELECT ... HAVING SUM(x) > 1) (Tom)
7338 Fix for "f1 datetime DEFAULT 'now'" (Tom)
7339 Fix problems with CURRENT_DATE used in DEFAULT (Tom)
7340 Allow comment-only lines, and ;;; lines too. (Tom)
7341 Improve recovery after failed disk writes, disk full (Hiroshi)
7342 Fix cases where table is mentioned in FROM but not joined (Tom)
7343 Allow HAVING clause without aggregate functions (Tom)
7344 Fix for "--" comment and no trailing newline, as seen in perl interface
7345 Improve pg_dump failure error reports (Bruce)
7346 Allow sorts and hashes to exceed 2GB file sizes (Tom)
7347 Fix for pg_dump dumping of inherited rules (Tom)
7348 Fix for NULL handling comparisons (Tom)
7349 Fix inconsistent state caused by failed CREATE/DROP commands (Hiroshi)
7350 Fix for dbname with dash
7351 Prevent DROP INDEX from interfering with other backends (Tom)
7352 Fix file descriptor leak in verify_password()
7353 Fix for "Unable to identify an operator =$" problem
7354 Fix ODBC so no segfault if CommLog and Debug enabled (Dirk Niggemann)
7355 Fix for recursive exit call (Massimo)
7356 Fix for extra-long timezones (Jeroen van Vianen)
7357 Make pg_dump preserve primary key information (Peter E)
7358 Prevent databases with single quotes (Peter E)
7359 Prevent DROP DATABASE inside transaction (Peter E)
7360 ecpg memory leak fixes (Stephen Birch)
7361 Fix for SELECT null::text, SELECT int4fac(null) and SELECT 2 + (null) (Tom)
7362 Y2K timestamp fix (Massimo)
7363 Fix for VACUUM 'HEAP_MOVED_IN was not expected' errors (Tom)
7364 Fix for views with tables/columns containing spaces (Tom)
7365 Prevent privileges on indexes (Peter E)
7366 Fix for spinlock stuck problem when error is generated (Hiroshi)
7367 Fix ipcclean on Linux
7368 Fix handling of NULL constraint conditions (Tom)
7369 Fix memory leak in odbc driver (Nick Gorham)
7370 Fix for privilege check on UNION tables (Tom)
7371 Fix to allow SELECT 'a' LIKE 'a' (Tom)
7372 Fix for SELECT 1 + NULL (Tom)
7374 Fix log() on numeric type (Tom)
7375 Deprecate ':' and ';' operators
7376 Allow vacuum of temporary tables
7377 Disallow inherited columns with the same name as new columns
7378 Recover or force failure when disk space is exhausted (Hiroshi)
7379 Fix INSERT INTO ... SELECT with AS columns matching result columns
7380 Fix INSERT ... SELECT ... GROUP BY groups by target columns not source columns (Tom)
7381 Fix CREATE TABLE test (a char(5) DEFAULT text '', b int4) with INSERT (Tom)
7382 Fix UNION with LIMIT
7383 Fix CREATE TABLE x AS SELECT 1 UNION SELECT 2
7384 Fix CREATE TABLE test(col char(2) DEFAULT user)
7385 Fix mismatched types in CREATE TABLE ... DEFAULT
7386 Fix SELECT * FROM pg_class where oid in (0,-1)
7387 Fix SELECT COUNT('asdf') FROM pg_class WHERE oid=12
7388 Prevent user who can create databases can modifying pg_database table (Peter E)
7389 Fix btree to give a useful elog when key > 1/2 (page - overhead) (Tom)
7390 Fix INSERT of 0.0 into DECIMAL(4,4) field (Tom)
7394 New CLI interface include file sqlcli.h, based on SQL3/SQL98
7395 Remove all limits on query length, row length limit still exists (Tom)
7396 Update jdbc protocol to 2.0 (Jens Glaser <email>jens@jens.de</email>)
7397 Add TRUNCATE command to quickly truncate relation (Mike Mascari)
7398 Fix to give super user and createdb user proper update catalog rights (Peter E)
7399 Allow ecpg bool variables to have NULL values (Christof)
7400 Issue ecpg error if NULL value for variable with no NULL indicator (Christof)
7401 Allow ^C to cancel COPY command (Massimo)
7402 Add SET FSYNC and SHOW PG_OPTIONS commands(Massimo)
7403 Function name overloading for dynamically-loaded C functions (Frankpitt)
7404 Add CmdTuples() to libpq++(Vince)
7405 New CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER and SET CONSTRAINTS commands(Jan)
7406 Allow CREATE FUNCTION/WITH clause to be used for all language types
7407 configure --enable-debug adds -g (Peter E)
7408 configure --disable-debug removes -g (Peter E)
7409 Allow more complex default expressions (Tom)
7410 First real FOREIGN KEY constraint trigger functionality (Jan)
7411 Add FOREIGN KEY ... MATCH FULL ... ON DELETE CASCADE (Jan)
7412 Add FOREIGN KEY ... MATCH <unspecified> referential actions (Don Baccus)
7413 Allow WHERE restriction on ctid (physical heap location) (Hiroshi)
7414 Move pginterface from contrib to interface directory, rename to pgeasy (Bruce)
7415 Change pgeasy connectdb() parameter ordering (Bruce)
7416 Require SELECT DISTINCT target list to have all ORDER BY columns (Tom)
7417 Add Oracle's COMMENT ON command (Mike Mascari <email>mascarim@yahoo.com</email>)
7418 libpq's PQsetNoticeProcessor function now returns previous hook(Peter E)
7419 Prevent PQsetNoticeProcessor from being set to NULL (Peter E)
7420 Make USING in COPY optional (Bruce)
7421 Allow subselects in the target list (Tom)
7422 Allow subselects on the left side of comparison operators (Tom)
7423 New parallel regression test (Jan)
7424 Change backend-side COPY to write files with permissions 644 not 666 (Tom)
7425 Force permissions on PGDATA directory to be secure, even if it exists (Tom)
7426 Added psql LASTOID variable to return last inserted oid (Peter E)
7427 Allow concurrent vacuum and remove pg_vlock vacuum lock file (Tom)
7428 Add privilege check for vacuum (Peter E)
7429 New libpq functions to allow asynchronous connections: PQconnectStart(),
7430 PQconnectPoll(), PQresetStart(), PQresetPoll(), PQsetenvStart(),
7431 PQsetenvPoll(), PQsetenvAbort (Ewan Mellor)
7432 New libpq PQsetenv() function (Ewan Mellor)
7433 create/alter user extension (Peter E)
7434 New postmaster.pid and postmaster.opts under $PGDATA (Tatsuo)
7435 New scripts for create/drop user/db (Peter E)
7436 Major psql overhaul (Peter E)
7437 Add const to libpq interface (Peter E)
7438 New libpq function PQoidValue (Peter E)
7439 Show specific non-aggregate causing problem with GROUP BY (Tom)
7440 Make changes to pg_shadow recreate pg_pwd file (Peter E)
7441 Add aggregate(DISTINCT ...) (Tom)
7442 Allow flag to control COPY input/output of NULLs (Peter E)
7443 Make postgres user have a password by default (Peter E)
7444 Add CREATE/ALTER/DROP GROUP (Peter E)
7445 All administration scripts now support --long options (Peter E, Karel)
7446 Vacuumdb script now supports --all option (Peter E)
7447 ecpg new portable FETCH syntax
7448 Add ecpg EXEC SQL IFDEF, EXEC SQL IFNDEF, EXEC SQL ELSE, EXEC SQL ELIF
7449 and EXEC SQL ENDIF directives
7450 Add pg_ctl script to control backend start-up (Tatsuo)
7451 Add postmaster.opts.default file to store start-up flags (Tatsuo)
7452 Allow --with-mb=SQL_ASCII
7453 Increase maximum number of index keys to 16 (Bruce)
7454 Increase maximum number of function arguments to 16 (Bruce)
7455 Allow configuration of maximum number of index keys and arguments (Bruce)
7456 Allow unprivileged users to change their passwords (Peter E)
7457 Password authentication enabled; required for new users (Peter E)
7458 Disallow dropping a user who owns a database (Peter E)
7459 Change initdb option --with-mb to --enable-multibyte
7460 Add option for initdb to prompts for superuser password (Peter E)
7461 Allow complex type casts like col::numeric(9,2) and col::int2::float8 (Tom)
7462 Updated user interfaces on initdb, initlocation, pg_dump, ipcclean (Peter E)
7463 New pg_char_to_encoding() and pg_encoding_to_char() functions (Tatsuo)
7464 libpq non-blocking mode (Alfred Perlstein)
7465 Improve conversion of types in casts that don't specify a length
7466 New plperl internal programming language (Mark Hollomon)
7467 Allow COPY IN to read file that do not end with a newline (Tom)
7468 Indicate when long identifiers are truncated (Tom)
7469 Allow aggregates to use type equivalency (Peter E)
7470 Add Oracle's to_char(), to_date(), to_datetime(), to_timestamp(), to_number()
7471 conversion functions (Karel Zak <zakkr@zf.jcu.cz>)
7472 Add SELECT DISTINCT ON (expr [, expr ...]) targetlist ... (Tom)
7473 Check to be sure ORDER BY is compatible with the DISTINCT operation (Tom)
7474 Add NUMERIC and int8 types to ODBC
7475 Improve EXPLAIN results for Append, Group, Agg, Unique (Tom)
7476 Add ALTER TABLE ... ADD FOREIGN KEY (Stephan Szabo)
7477 Allow SELECT .. FOR UPDATE in PL/pgSQL (Hiroshi)
7478 Enable backward sequential scan even after reaching EOF (Hiroshi)
7479 Add btree indexing of boolean values, >= and <= (Don Baccus)
7480 Print current line number when COPY FROM fails (Massimo)
7481 Recognize POSIX time zone e.g. "PST+8" and "GMT-8" (Thomas)
7482 Add DEC as synonym for DECIMAL (Thomas)
7483 Add SESSION_USER as SQL92 key word, same as CURRENT_USER (Thomas)
7484 Implement SQL92 column aliases (aka correlation names) (Thomas)
7485 Implement SQL92 join syntax (Thomas)
7486 Make INTERVAL reserved word allowed as a column identifier (Thomas)
7487 Implement REINDEX command (Hiroshi)
7488 Accept ALL in aggregate function SUM(ALL col) (Tom)
7489 Prevent GROUP BY from using column aliases (Tom)
7490 New psql \encoding option (Tatsuo)
7491 Allow PQrequestCancel() to terminate when in waiting-for-lock state (Hiroshi)
7492 Allow negation of a negative number in all cases
7493 Add ecpg descriptors (Christof, Michael)
7494 Allow CREATE VIEW v AS SELECT f1::char(8) FROM tbl
7495 Allow casts with length, like foo::char(8)
7496 New libpq functions PQsetClientEncoding(), PQclientEncoding() (Tatsuo)
7497 Add support for SJIS user defined characters (Tatsuo)
7498 Larger views/rules supported
7499 Make libpq's PQconndefaults() thread-safe (Tom)
7500 Disable // as comment to be ANSI conforming, should use -- (Tom)
7501 Allow column aliases on views CREATE VIEW name (collist)
7502 Fixes for views with subqueries (Tom)
7503 Allow UPDATE table SET fld = (SELECT ...) (Tom)
7504 SET command options no longer require quotes
7505 Update pgaccess to 0.98.6
7506 New SET SEED command
7507 New pg_options.sample file
7508 New SET FSYNC command (Massimo)
7509 Allow pg_descriptions when creating tables
7510 Allow pg_descriptions when creating types, columns, and functions
7511 Allow psql \copy to allow delimiters (Peter E)
7512 Allow psql to print nulls as distinct from "" [null] (Peter E)
7516 Many array fixes (Tom)
7517 Allow bare column names to be subscripted as arrays (Tom)
7518 Improve type casting of int and float constants (Tom)
7519 Cleanups for int8 inputs, range checking, and type conversion (Tom)
7520 Fix for SELECT timespan('21:11:26'::time) (Tom)
7521 netmask('x.x.x.x/0') is 255.255.255.255 instead of 0.0.0.0 (Oleg Sharoiko)
7522 Add btree index on NUMERIC (Jan)
7523 Perl fix for large objects containing NUL characters (Douglas Thomson)
7524 ODBC fix for for large objects (free)
7525 Fix indexing of cidr data type
7526 Fix for Ethernet MAC addresses (macaddr type) comparisons
7527 Fix for date/time types when overflows happened in computations (Tom)
7528 Allow array on int8 (Peter E)
7529 Fix for rounding/overflow of NUMERIC type, like NUMERIC(4,4) (Tom)
7530 Allow NUMERIC arrays
7531 Fix bugs in NUMERIC ceil() and floor() functions (Tom)
7532 Make char_length()/octet_length including trailing blanks (Tom)
7533 Made abstime/reltime use int4 instead of time_t (Peter E)
7534 New lztext data type for compressed text fields
7535 Revise code to handle coercion of int and float constants (Tom)
7536 Start at new code to implement a BIT and BIT VARYING type (Adriaan Joubert)
7537 NUMERIC now accepts scientific notation (Tom)
7538 NUMERIC to int4 rounds (Tom)
7539 Convert float4/8 to NUMERIC properly (Tom)
7540 Allow type conversion with NUMERIC (Thomas)
7541 Make ISO date style (2000-02-16 09:33) the default (Thomas)
7542 Add NATIONAL CHAR [ VARYING ] (Thomas)
7543 Allow NUMERIC round and trunc to accept negative scales (Tom)
7544 New TIME WITH TIME ZONE type (Thomas)
7545 Add MAX()/MIN() on time type (Thomas)
7546 Add abs(), mod(), fac() for int8 (Thomas)
7547 Rename functions to round(), sqrt(), cbrt(), pow() for float8 (Thomas)
7548 Add transcendental math functions (e.g. sin(), acos()) for float8 (Thomas)
7549 Add exp() and ln() for NUMERIC type
7550 Rename NUMERIC power() to pow() (Thomas)
7551 Improved TRANSLATE() function (Edwin Ramirez, Tom)
7552 Allow X=-Y operators (Tom)
7553 Allow SELECT float8(COUNT(*))/(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM t) FROM t GROUP BY f1; (Tom)
7554 Allow LOCALE to use indexes in regular expression searches (Tom)
7555 Allow creation of functional indexes to use default types
7559 Prevent exponential space consumption with many AND's and OR's (Tom)
7560 Collect attribute selectivity values for system columns (Tom)
7561 Reduce memory usage of aggregates (Tom)
7562 Fix for LIKE optimization to use indexes with multibyte encodings (Tom)
7563 Fix r-tree index optimizer selectivity (Thomas)
7564 Improve optimizer selectivity computations and functions (Tom)
7565 Optimize btree searching for cases where many equal keys exist (Tom)
7566 Enable fast LIKE index processing only if index present (Tom)
7567 Re-use free space on index pages with duplicates (Tom)
7568 Improve hash join processing (Tom)
7569 Prevent descending sort if result is already sorted(Hiroshi)
7570 Allow commuting of index scan query qualifications (Tom)
7571 Prefer index scans in cases where ORDER BY/GROUP BY is required (Tom)
7572 Allocate large memory requests in fix-sized chunks for performance (Tom)
7573 Fix vacuum's performance by reducing memory allocation requests (Tom)
7574 Implement constant-expression simplification (Bernard Frankpitt, Tom)
7575 Use secondary columns to be used to determine start of index scan (Hiroshi)
7576 Prevent quadruple use of disk space when doing internal sorting (Tom)
7577 Faster sorting by calling fewer functions (Tom)
7578 Create system indexes to match all system caches (Bruce, Hiroshi)
7579 Make system caches use system indexes (Bruce)
7580 Make all system indexes unique (Bruce)
7581 Improve pg_statistics management for VACUUM speed improvement (Tom)
7582 Flush backend cache less frequently (Tom, Hiroshi)
7583 COPY now reuses previous memory allocation, improving performance (Tom)
7584 Improve optimization cost estimation (Tom)
7585 Improve optimizer estimate of range queries x > lowbound AND x < highbound (Tom)
7586 Use DNF instead of CNF where appropriate (Tom, Taral)
7587 Further cleanup for OR-of-AND WHERE-clauses (Tom)
7588 Make use of index in OR clauses (x = 1 AND y = 2) OR (x = 2 AND y = 4) (Tom)
7589 Smarter optimizer computations for random index page access (Tom)
7590 New SET variable to control optimizer costs (Tom)
7591 Optimizer queries based on LIMIT, OFFSET, and EXISTS qualifications (Tom)
7592 Reduce optimizer internal housekeeping of join paths for speedup (Tom)
7593 Major subquery speedup (Tom)
7594 Fewer fsync writes when fsync is not disabled (Tom)
7595 Improved LIKE optimizer estimates (Tom)
7596 Prevent fsync in SELECT-only queries (Vadim)
7597 Make index creation use psort code, because it is now faster (Tom)
7598 Allow creation of sort temp tables > 1 Gig
7602 Fix for linux PPC compile
7603 New generic expression-tree-walker subroutine (Tom)
7604 Change form() to varargform() to prevent portability problems
7605 Improved range checking for large integers on Alphas
7606 Clean up #include in /include directory (Bruce)
7607 Add scripts for checking includes (Bruce)
7608 Remove un-needed #include's from *.c files (Bruce)
7609 Change #include's to use <> and "" as appropriate (Bruce)
7610 Enable Windows compilation of libpq
7611 Alpha spinlock fix from Uncle George <email>gatgul@voicenet.com</email>
7612 Overhaul of optimizer data structures (Tom)
7613 Fix to cygipc library (Yutaka Tanida)
7614 Allow pgsql to work on newer Cygwin snapshots (Dan)
7615 New catalog version number (Tom)
7617 Rename heap_replace to heap_update
7618 Update for QNX (Dr. Andreas Kardos)
7619 New platform-specific regression handling (Tom)
7620 Rename oid8 -> oidvector and int28 -> int2vector (Bruce)
7621 Included all yacc and lex files into the distribution (Peter E.)
7622 Remove lextest, no longer needed (Peter E)
7623 Fix for libpq and psql on Windows (Magnus)
7624 Internally change datetime and timespan into timestamp and interval (Thomas)
7625 Fix for plpgsql on BSD/OS
7626 Add SQL_ASCII test case to the regression test (Tatsuo)
7627 configure --with-mb now deprecated (Tatsuo)
7629 NetBSD fixes (Johnny C. Lam <email>lamj@stat.cmu.edu</email>)
7630 Fixes for Alpha compiles
7631 New multibyte encodings
7637 <sect1 id="release-6-5-3">
7638 <title>Release 6.5.3</title>
7641 <title>Release date</title>
7642 <simpara>1999-10-13</simpara>
7646 This is basically a cleanup release for 6.5.2. We have added a new
7647 <application>PgAccess</> that was missing in 6.5.2, and installed an NT-specific fix.
7652 <title>Migration to version 6.5.3</title>
7655 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
7660 <title>Changes</title>
7664 Updated version of pgaccess 0.98
7666 Fix dumping rules on inherited tables
7673 <sect1 id="release-6-5-2">
7674 <title>Release 6.5.2</title>
7677 <title>Release date</title>
7678 <simpara>1999-09-15</simpara>
7682 This is basically a cleanup release for 6.5.1. We have fixed a variety of
7683 problems reported by 6.5.1 users.
7688 <title>Migration to version 6.5.2</title>
7691 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
7697 <title>Changes</title>
7701 subselect+CASE fixes(Tom)
7702 Add SHLIB_LINK setting for solaris_i386 and solaris_sparc ports(Daren Sefcik)
7703 Fixes for CASE in WHERE join clauses(Tom)
7704 Fix BTScan abort(Tom)
7705 Repair the check for redundant UNIQUE and PRIMARY KEY indexes(Thomas)
7706 Improve it so that it checks for multicolumn constraints(Thomas)
7707 Fix for Windows making problem with MB enabled(Hiroki Kataoka)
7708 Allow BSD yacc and bison to compile pl code(Bruce)
7709 Fix SET NAMES working
7711 Fix vacuum's memory consumption(Hiroshi,Tatsuo)
7712 Reduce the total memory consumption of vacuum(Tom)
7713 Fix for timestamp(datetime)
7714 Rule deparsing bugfixes(Tom)
7715 Fix quoting problems in mkMakefile.tcldefs.sh.in and mkMakefile.tkdefs.sh.in(Tom)
7716 This is to re-use space on index pages freed by vacuum(Vadim)
7717 document -x for pg_dump(Bruce)
7718 Fix for unary operators in rule deparser(Tom)
7719 Comment out FileUnlink of excess segments during mdtruncate()(Tom)
7720 IRIX linking fix from Yu Cao >yucao@falcon.kla-tencor.com<
7721 Repair logic error in LIKE: should not return LIKE_ABORT
7722 when reach end of pattern before end of text(Tom)
7723 Repair incorrect cleanup of heap memory allocation during transaction abort(Tom)
7724 Updated version of pgaccess 0.98
7730 <sect1 id="release-6-5-1">
7731 <title>Release 6.5.1</title>
7734 <title>Release date</title>
7735 <simpara>1999-07-15</simpara>
7739 This is basically a cleanup release for 6.5. We have fixed a variety of
7740 problems reported by 6.5 users.
7744 <title>Migration to version 6.5.1</title>
7747 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
7753 <title>Changes</title>
7758 Portability fixes for linux_ppc, IRIX, linux_alpha, OpenBSD, alpha
7759 Remove QUERY_LIMIT, use SELECT...LIMIT
7760 Fix for EXPLAIN on inheritance(Tom)
7761 Patch to allow vacuum on multisegment tables(Hiroshi)
7762 R-Tree optimizer selectivity fix(Tom)
7763 ACL file descriptor leak fix(Atsushi Ogawa)
7764 New expresssion subtree code(Tom)
7765 Avoid disk writes for read-only transactions(Vadim)
7766 Fix for removal of temp tables if last transaction was aborted(Bruce)
7767 Fix to prevent too large row from being created(Bruce)
7769 Allow port numbers 32k - 64k(Bruce)
7770 Add ^ precidence(Bruce)
7771 Rename sort files called pg_temp to pg_sorttemp(Bruce)
7772 Fix for microseconds in time values(Tom)
7773 Tutorial source cleanup
7775 Fix for sorting of NULL's in some cases(Tom)
7776 Shared library dependencies fixed (Tom)
7777 Fixed glitches affecting GROUP BY in subselects(Tom)
7778 Fix some compiler warnings (Tomoaki Nishiyama)
7779 Add Win1250 (Czech) support (Pavel Behal)
7785 <sect1 id="release-6-5">
7786 <title>Release 6.5</title>
7789 <title>Release date</title>
7790 <simpara>1999-06-09</simpara>
7794 This release marks a major step in the development team's mastery of the source
7795 code we inherited from Berkeley. You will see we are now easily adding
7796 major features, thanks to the increasing size and experience of our
7797 world-wide development team.
7801 Here is a brief summary of the more notable changes:
7806 Multiversion concurrency control(MVCC)
7810 This removes our old table-level locking, and replaces it with
7811 a locking system that is superior to most commercial database
7812 systems. In a traditional system, each row that is modified
7813 is locked until committed, preventing reads by other users.
7814 MVCC uses the natural multiversion nature of
7815 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> to allow readers to
7816 continue reading consistent data during writer activity.
7817 Writers continue to use the compact pg_log transaction system.
7818 This is all performed without having to allocate a lock for
7819 every row like traditional database systems. So, basically,
7820 we no longer are restricted by simple table-level locking; we
7821 have something better than row-level locking.
7828 Hot backups from <application>pg_dump</application>
7832 <application>pg_dump</application> takes advantage of the new
7833 MVCC features to give a consistent database dump/backup while
7834 the database stays online and available for queries.
7845 We now have a true numeric data type, with
7846 user-specified precision.
7857 Temporary tables are guaranteed to have unique names
7858 within a database session, and are destroyed on session exit.
7869 We now have CASE, INTERSECT, and EXCEPT statement
7870 support. We have new LIMIT/OFFSET, SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL,
7871 SELECT ... FOR UPDATE, and an improved LOCK TABLE command.
7882 We continue to speed up <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>,
7883 thanks to the variety of talents within our team. We have
7884 sped up memory allocation, optimization, table joins, and row
7896 We continue to expand our port list, this time including
7897 <systemitem class="osname">Windows NT</>/<systemitem>ix86</> and <systemitem class="osname">NetBSD</>/<systemitem>arm32</>.
7908 Most interfaces have new versions, and existing functionality
7920 New and updated material is present throughout the
7921 documentation. New <acronym>FAQ</acronym>s have been
7922 contributed for <systemitem class="osname">SGI</> and <systemitem class="osname">AIX</> platforms.
7923 The <citetitle>Tutorial</citetitle> has introductory information
7924 on <acronym>SQL</acronym> from Stefan Simkovics.
7925 For the <citetitle>User's Guide</citetitle>, there are
7926 reference pages covering the postmaster and more utility
7927 programs, and a new appendix
7928 contains details on date/time behavior.
7929 The <citetitle>Administrator's Guide</citetitle> has a new
7930 chapter on troubleshooting from Tom Lane.
7931 And the <citetitle>Programmer's Guide</citetitle> has a
7932 description of query processing, also from Stefan, and details
7933 on obtaining the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> source
7934 tree via anonymous <productname>CVS</productname> and
7935 <productname>CVSup</productname>.
7943 <title>Migration to version 6.5</title>
7946 A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application>
7947 is required for those wishing to migrate data from any
7948 previous release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
7949 <application>pg_upgrade</application> can <emphasis>not</emphasis>
7950 be used to upgrade to this release because the on-disk structure
7951 of the tables has changed compared to previous releases.
7955 The new Multiversion Concurrency Control (MVCC) features can
7956 give somewhat different behaviors in multiuser
7957 environments. <emphasis>Read and understand the following section
7958 to ensure that your existing applications will give you the
7959 behavior you need.</emphasis>
7963 <title>Multiversion Concurrency Control</title>
7966 Because readers in 6.5 don't lock data, regardless of transaction
7967 isolation level, data read by one transaction can be overwritten by
7968 another. In other words, if a row is returned by
7969 <command>SELECT</command> it doesn't mean that this row really exists
7970 at the time it is returned (i.e. sometime after the statement or
7971 transaction began) nor that the row is protected from being deleted or
7972 updated by concurrent transactions before the current transaction does
7973 a commit or rollback.
7977 To ensure the actual existence of a row and protect it against
7978 concurrent updates one must use <command>SELECT FOR UPDATE</command> or
7979 an appropriate <command>LOCK TABLE</command> statement. This should be
7980 taken into account when porting applications from previous releases of
7981 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> and other environments.
7985 Keep the above in mind if you are using
7986 <filename>contrib/refint.*</filename> triggers for
7987 referential integrity. Additional techniques are required now. One way is
7988 to use <command>LOCK parent_table IN SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE MODE</command>
7989 command if a transaction is going to update/delete a primary key and
7990 use <command>LOCK parent_table IN SHARE MODE</command> command if a
7991 transaction is going to update/insert a foreign key.
7995 Note that if you run a transaction in SERIALIZABLE mode then you must
7996 execute the <command>LOCK</command> commands above before execution of any
7997 <acronym>DML</acronym> statement
7998 (<command>SELECT/INSERT/DELETE/UPDATE/FETCH/COPY_TO</command>) in the
8005 These inconveniences will disappear in the future
8006 when the ability to read dirty
8007 (uncommitted) data (regardless of isolation level) and true referential
8008 integrity will be implemented.
8014 <title>Changes</title>
8020 Fix text<->float8 and text<->float4 conversion functions(Thomas)
8021 Fix for creating tables with mixed-case constraints(Billy)
8022 Change exp()/pow() behavior to generate error on underflow/overflow(Jan)
8023 Fix bug in pg_dump -z
8024 Memory overrun cleanups(Tatsuo)
8025 Fix for lo_import crash(Tatsuo)
8026 Adjust handling of data type names to suppress double quotes(Thomas)
8027 Use type coercion for matching columns and DEFAULT(Thomas)
8028 Fix deadlock so it only checks once after one second of sleep(Bruce)
8029 Fixes for aggregates and PL/pgsql(Hiroshi)
8030 Fix for subquery crash(Vadim)
8031 Fix for libpq function PQfnumber and case-insensitive names(Bahman Rafatjoo)
8032 Fix for large object write-in-middle, no extra block, memory consumption(Tatsuo)
8033 Fix for pg_dump -d or -D and quote special characters in INSERT
8034 Repair serious problems with dynahash(Tom)
8035 Fix INET/CIDR portability problems
8036 Fix problem with selectivity error in ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN(Bruce)
8037 Fix executor so mergejoin of different column types works(Tom)
8038 Fix for Alpha OR selectivity bug
8039 Fix OR index selectivity problem(Bruce)
8040 Fix so \d shows proper length for char()/varchar()(Ryan)
8041 Fix tutorial code(Clark)
8042 Improve destroyuser checking(Oliver)
8043 Fix for Kerberos(Rodney McDuff)
8044 Fix for dropping database while dirty buffers(Bruce)
8045 Fix so sequence nextval() can be case-sensitive(Bruce)
8047 Drop buffers before destroying database files(Bruce)
8048 Fix case where executor evaluates functions twice(Tatsuo)
8049 Allow sequence nextval actions to be case-sensitive(Bruce)
8050 Fix optimizer indexing not working for negative numbers(Bruce)
8051 Fix for memory leak in executor with fjIsNull
8052 Fix for aggregate memory leaks(Erik Riedel)
8053 Allow user name containing a dash to grant privileges
8054 Cleanup of NULL in inet types
8055 Clean up system table bugs(Tom)
8056 Fix problems of PAGER and \? command(Masaaki Sakaida)
8057 Reduce default multisegment file size limit to 1GB(Peter)
8058 Fix for dumping of CREATE OPERATOR(Tom)
8059 Fix for backward scanning of cursors(Hiroshi Inoue)
8060 Fix for COPY FROM STDIN when using \i(Tom)
8061 Fix for subselect is compared inside an expression(Jan)
8062 Fix handling of error reporting while returning rows(Tom)
8063 Fix problems with reference to array types(Tom,Jan)
8064 Prevent UPDATE SET oid(Jan)
8065 Fix pg_dump so -t option can handle case-sensitive tablenames
8066 Fixes for GROUP BY in special cases(Tom, Jan)
8067 Fix for memory leak in failed queries(Tom)
8068 DEFAULT now supports mixed-case identifiers(Tom)
8069 Fix for multisegment uses of DROP/RENAME table, indexes(Ole Gjerde)
8070 Disable use of pg_dump with both -o and -d options(Bruce)
8071 Allow pg_dump to properly dump group privileges(Bruce)
8072 Fix GROUP BY in INSERT INTO table SELECT * FROM table2(Jan)
8073 Fix for computations in views(Jan)
8074 Fix for aggregates on array indexes(Tom)
8075 Fix for DEFAULT handles single quotes in value requiring too many quotes
8076 Fix security problem with non-super users importing/exporting large objects(Tom)
8077 Rollback of transaction that creates table cleaned up properly(Tom)
8078 Fix to allow long table and column names to generate proper serial names(Tom)
8082 Add "vacuumdb" utility
8083 Speed up libpq by allocating memory better(Tom)
8084 EXPLAIN all indexes used(Tom)
8085 Implement CASE, COALESCE, NULLIF expression(Thomas)
8086 New pg_dump table output format(Constantin)
8087 Add string min()/max() functions(Thomas)
8088 Extend new type coercion techniques to aggregates(Thomas)
8089 New moddatetime contrib(Terry)
8090 Update to pgaccess 0.96(Constantin)
8091 Add routines for single-byte "char" type(Thomas)
8092 Improved substr() function(Thomas)
8093 Improved multibyte handling(Tatsuo)
8094 Multiversion concurrency control/MVCC(Vadim)
8095 New Serialized mode(Vadim)
8096 Fix for tables over 2gigs(Peter)
8097 New SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL(Vadim)
8098 New LOCK TABLE IN ... MODE(Vadim)
8099 Update ODBC driver(Byron)
8100 New NUMERIC data type(Jan)
8101 New SELECT FOR UPDATE(Vadim)
8102 Handle "NaN" and "Infinity" for input values(Jan)
8103 Improved date/year handling(Thomas)
8104 Improved handling of backend connections(Magnus)
8105 New options ELOG_TIMESTAMPS and USE_SYSLOG options for log files(Massimo)
8106 New TCL_ARRAYS option(Massimo)
8107 New INTERSECT and EXCEPT(Stefan)
8108 New pg_index.indisprimary for primary key tracking(D'Arcy)
8109 New pg_dump option to allow dropping of tables before creation(Brook)
8110 Speedup of row output routines(Tom)
8111 New READ COMMITTED isolation level(Vadim)
8112 New TEMP tables/indexes(Bruce)
8113 Prevent sorting if result is already sorted(Jan)
8114 New memory allocation optimization(Jan)
8115 Allow psql to do \p\g(Bruce)
8116 Allow multiple rule actions(Jan)
8117 Added LIMIT/OFFSET functionality(Jan)
8118 Improve optimizer when joining a large number of tables(Bruce)
8119 New intro to SQL from S. Simkovics' Master's Thesis (Stefan, Thomas)
8120 New intro to backend processing from S. Simkovics' Master's Thesis (Stefan)
8121 Improved int8 support(Ryan Bradetich, Thomas, Tom)
8122 New routines to convert between int8 and text/varchar types(Thomas)
8123 New bushy plans, where meta-tables are joined(Bruce)
8124 Enable right-hand queries by default(Bruce)
8125 Allow reliable maximum number of backends to be set at configure time
8126 (--with-maxbackends and postmaster switch (-N backends))(Tom)
8127 GEQO default now 10 tables because of optimizer speedups(Tom)
8128 Allow NULL=Var for MS-SQL portability(Michael, Bruce)
8129 Modify contrib check_primary_key() so either "automatic" or "dependent"(Anand)
8130 Allow psql \d on a view show query(Ryan)
8131 Speedup for LIKE(Bruce)
8132 Ecpg fixes/features, see src/interfaces/ecpg/ChangeLog file(Michael)
8133 JDBC fixes/features, see src/interfaces/jdbc/CHANGELOG(Peter)
8134 Make % operator have precedence like /(Bruce)
8135 Add new postgres -O option to allow system table structure changes(Bruce)
8136 Update contrib/pginterface/findoidjoins script(Tom)
8137 Major speedup in vacuum of deleted rows with indexes(Vadim)
8138 Allow non-SQL functions to run different versions based on arguments(Tom)
8139 Add -E option that shows actual queries sent by \dt and friends(Masaaki Sakaida)
8140 Add version number in start-up banners for psql(Masaaki Sakaida)
8141 New contrib/vacuumlo removes large objects not referenced(Peter)
8142 New initialization for table sizes so non-vacuumed tables perform better(Tom)
8143 Improve error messages when a connection is rejected(Tom)
8144 Support for arrays of char() and varchar() fields(Massimo)
8145 Overhaul of hash code to increase reliability and performance(Tom)
8146 Update to PyGreSQL 2.4(D'Arcy)
8147 Changed debug options so -d4 and -d5 produce different node displays(Jan)
8148 New pg_options: pretty_plan, pretty_parse, pretty_rewritten(Jan)
8149 Better optimization statistics for system table access(Tom)
8150 Better handling of non-default block sizes(Massimo)
8151 Improve GEQO optimizer memory consumption(Tom)
8152 UNION now suppports ORDER BY of columns not in target list(Jan)
8153 Major libpq++ improvements(Vince Vielhaber)
8154 pg_dump now uses -z(ACL's) as default(Bruce)
8155 backend cache, memory speedups(Tom)
8156 have pg_dump do everything in one snapshot transaction(Vadim)
8157 fix for large object memory leakage, fix for pg_dumping(Tom)
8158 INET type now respects netmask for comparisons
8159 Make VACUUM ANALYZE only use a readlock(Vadim)
8160 Allow VIEWs on UNIONS(Jan)
8161 pg_dump now can generate consistent snapshots on active databases(Vadim)
8165 Improve port matching(Tom)
8166 Portability fixes for SunOS
8167 Add Windows NT backend port and enable dynamic loading(Magnus and Daniel Horak)
8168 New port to Cobalt Qube(Mips) running Linux(Tatsuo)
8169 Port to NetBSD/m68k(Mr. Mutsuki Nakajima)
8170 Port to NetBSD/sun3(Mr. Mutsuki Nakajima)
8171 Port to NetBSD/macppc(Toshimi Aoki)
8172 Fix for tcl/tk configuration(Vince)
8173 Removed CURRENT key word for rule queries(Jan)
8174 NT dynamic loading now works(Daniel Horak)
8175 Add ARM32 support(Andrew McMurry)
8176 Better support for HP-UX 11 and UnixWare
8177 Improve file handling to be more uniform, prevent file descriptor leak(Tom)
8178 New install commands for plpgsql(Jan)
8185 <sect1 id="release-6-4-2">
8186 <title>Release 6.4.2</title>
8189 <title>Release date</title>
8190 <simpara>1998-12-20</simpara>
8194 The 6.4.1 release was improperly packaged. This also has one additional
8200 <title>Migration to version 6.4.2</title>
8203 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
8208 <title>Changes</title>
8212 Fix for datetime constant problem on some platforms(Thomas)
8220 <sect1 id="release-6-4-1">
8221 <title>Release 6.4.1</title>
8224 <title>Release date</title>
8225 <simpara>1998-12-18</simpara>
8229 This is basically a cleanup release for 6.4. We have fixed a variety of
8230 problems reported by 6.4 users.
8235 <title>Migration to version 6.4.1</title>
8238 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
8243 <title>Changes</title>
8247 Add pg_dump -N flag to force double quotes around identifiers. This is
8249 Fix for NOT in where clause causing crash(Bruce)
8250 EXPLAIN VERBOSE coredump fix(Vadim)
8251 Fix shared-library problems on Linux
8252 Fix test for table existence to allow mixed-case and whitespace in
8253 the table name(Thomas)
8254 Fix a couple of pg_dump bugs
8255 Configure matches template/.similar entries better(Tom)
8256 Change builtin function names from SPI_* to spi_*
8257 OR WHERE clause fix(Vadim)
8258 Fixes for mixed-case table names(Billy)
8259 contrib/linux/postgres.init.csh/sh fix(Thomas)
8260 libpq memory overrun fix
8262 Change exp() behavior to generate error on underflow(Thomas)
8263 pg_dump fixes for memory leak, inheritance constraints, layout change
8264 update pgaccess to 0.93
8265 Fix prototype for 64-bit platforms
8266 Multibyte fixes(Tatsuo)
8268 Fix memory overruns(Tatsuo)
8269 Fix for lo_import() crash(Bruce)
8270 Better search for install program(Tom)
8273 Use implicit type coercion for matching DEFAULT values(Thomas)
8274 Add routines to help with single-byte (internal) character type(Thomas)
8275 Compilation of libpq for Windows fixes(Magnus)
8276 Upgrade to PyGreSQL 2.2(D'Arcy)
8284 <sect1 id="release-6-4">
8285 <title>Release 6.4</title>
8288 <title>Release date</title>
8289 <simpara>1998-10-30</simpara>
8293 There are <emphasis>many</emphasis> new features and improvements in this release.
8294 Thanks to our developers and maintainers, nearly every aspect of the system
8295 has received some attention since the previous release.
8296 Here is a brief, incomplete summary:
8301 Views and rules are now functional thanks to extensive new code in the
8302 rewrite rules system from Jan Wieck. He also wrote a chapter on it
8303 for the <citetitle>Programmer's Guide</citetitle>.
8308 Jan also contributed a second procedural language, <application>PL/pgSQL</application>, to go with the
8309 original <application>PL/pgTCL</application> procedural language he contributed last release.
8315 We have optional multiple-byte character set support from Tatsuo Ishii
8316 to complement our existing locale support.
8322 Client/server communications has been cleaned up, with better support for
8323 asynchronous messages and interrupts thanks to Tom Lane.
8329 The parser will now perform automatic type coercion to match arguments
8330 to available operators and functions, and to match columns and expressions
8331 with target columns. This uses a generic mechanism which supports
8332 the type extensibility features of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
8333 There is a new chapter in the <citetitle>User's Guide</citetitle>
8334 which covers this topic.
8340 Three new data types have been added.
8341 Two types, <type>inet</type> and <type>cidr</type>, support various forms
8342 of IP network, subnet, and machine addressing. There is now an 8-byte integer
8343 type available on some platforms. See the chapter on data types
8344 in the <citetitle>User's Guide</citetitle> for details.
8345 A fourth type, <type>serial</type>, is now supported by the parser as an
8346 amalgam of the <type>int4</type> type, a sequence, and a unique index.
8352 Several more <acronym>SQL92</acronym>-compatible syntax features have been
8353 added, including <command>INSERT DEFAULT VALUES</command>
8359 The automatic configuration and installation system has received some
8360 attention, and should be more robust for more platforms than it has ever
8369 <title>Migration to version 6.4</title>
8372 A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application>
8373 or <application>pg_dumpall</application>
8374 is required for those wishing to migrate data from any
8375 previous release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
8380 <title>Changes</title>
8386 Fix for a tiny memory leak in PQsetdb/PQfinish(Bryan)
8387 Remove char2-16 data types, use char/varchar(Darren)
8388 Pqfn not handles a NOTICE message(Anders)
8389 Reduced busywaiting overhead for spinlocks with many backends (dg)
8390 Stuck spinlock detection (dg)
8391 Fix up "ISO-style" timespan decoding and encoding(Thomas)
8392 Fix problem with table drop after rollback of transaction(Vadim)
8393 Change error message and remove non-functional update message(Vadim)
8394 Fix for COPY array checking
8395 Fix for SELECT 1 UNION SELECT NULL
8396 Fix for buffer leaks in large object calls(Pascal)
8397 Change owner from oid to int4 type(Bruce)
8398 Fix a bug in the oracle compatibility functions btrim() ltrim() and rtrim()
8399 Fix for shared invalidation cache overflow(Massimo)
8400 Prevent file descriptor leaks in failed COPY's(Bruce)
8401 Fix memory leak in libpgtcl's pg_select(Constantin)
8402 Fix problems with username/passwords over 8 characters(Tom)
8403 Fix problems with handling of asynchronous NOTIFY in backend(Tom)
8404 Fix of many bad system table entries(Tom)
8408 Upgrade ecpg and ecpglib,see src/interfaces/ecpc/ChangeLog(Michael)
8409 Show the index used in an EXPLAIN(Zeugswetter)
8410 EXPLAIN invokes rule system and shows plan(s) for rewritten queries(Jan)
8411 Multibyte awareness of many data types and functions, via configure(Tatsuo)
8412 New configure --with-mb option(Tatsuo)
8413 New initdb --pgencoding option(Tatsuo)
8414 New createdb -E multibyte option(Tatsuo)
8415 Select version(); now returns PostgreSQL version(Jeroen)
8416 libpq now allows asynchronous clients(Tom)
8417 Allow cancel from client of backend query(Tom)
8418 psql now cancels query with Control-C(Tom)
8419 libpq users need not issue dummy queries to get NOTIFY messages(Tom)
8420 NOTIFY now sends sender's PID, so you can tell whether it was your own(Tom)
8421 PGresult struct now includes associated error message, if any(Tom)
8422 Define "tz_hour" and "tz_minute" arguments to date_part()(Thomas)
8423 Add routines to convert between varchar and bpchar(Thomas)
8424 Add routines to allow sizing of varchar and bpchar into target columns(Thomas)
8425 Add bit flags to support timezonehour and minute in data retrieval(Thomas)
8426 Allow more variations on valid floating point numbers (e.g. ".1", "1e6")(Thomas)
8427 Fixes for unary minus parsing with leading spaces(Thomas)
8428 Implement TIMEZONE_HOUR, TIMEZONE_MINUTE per SQL92 specs(Thomas)
8429 Check for and properly ignore FOREIGN KEY column constraints(Thomas)
8430 Define USER as synonym for CURRENT_USER per SQL92 specs(Thomas)
8431 Enable HAVING clause but no fixes elsewhere yet.
8432 Make "char" type a synonym for "char(1)" (actually implemented as bpchar)(Thomas)
8433 Save string type if specified for DEFAULT clause handling(Thomas)
8434 Coerce operations involving different data types(Thomas)
8435 Allow some index use for columns of different types(Thomas)
8436 Add capabilities for automatic type conversion(Thomas)
8437 Cleanups for large objects, so file is truncated on open(Peter)
8438 Readline cleanups(Tom)
8439 Allow psql \f \ to make spaces as delimiter(Bruce)
8440 Pass pg_attribute.atttypmod to the frontend for column field lengths(Tom,Bruce)
8441 Msql compatibility library in /contrib(Aldrin)
8442 Remove the requirement that ORDER/GROUP BY clause identifiers be
8443 included in the target list(David)
8444 Convert columns to match columns in UNION clauses(Thomas)
8445 Remove fork()/exec() and only do fork()(Bruce)
8446 Jdbc cleanups(Peter)
8447 Show backend status on ps command line(only works on some platforms)(Bruce)
8448 Pg_hba.conf now has a sameuser option in the database field
8449 Make lo_unlink take oid param, not int4
8450 New DISABLE_COMPLEX_MACRO for compilers that can't handle our macros(Bruce)
8451 Libpgtcl now handles NOTIFY as a Tcl event, need not send dummy queries(Tom)
8452 libpgtcl cleanups(Tom)
8453 Add -error option to libpgtcl's pg_result command(Tom)
8454 New locale patch, see docs/README/locale(Oleg)
8455 Fix for pg_dump so CONSTRAINT and CHECK syntax is correct(ccb)
8456 New contrib/lo code for large object orphan removal(Peter)
8457 New psql command "SET CLIENT_ENCODING TO 'encoding'" for multibytes
8458 feature, see /doc/README.mb(Tatsuo)
8459 contrib/noupdate code to revoke update permission on a column
8460 libpq can now be compiled on Windows(Magnus)
8461 Add PQsetdbLogin() in libpq
8462 New 8-byte integer type, checked by configure for OS support(Thomas)
8463 Better support for quoted table/column names(Thomas)
8464 Surround table and column names with double-quotes in pg_dump(Thomas)
8465 PQreset() now works with passwords(Tom)
8466 Handle case of GROUP BY target list column number out of range(David)
8467 Allow UNION in subselects
8468 Add auto-size to screen to \d? commands(Bruce)
8469 Use UNION to show all \d? results in one query(Bruce)
8470 Add \d? field search feature(Bruce)
8471 Pg_dump issues fewer \connect requests(Tom)
8472 Make pg_dump -z flag work better, document it in manual page(Tom)
8473 Add HAVING clause with full support for subselects and unions(Stephan)
8474 Full text indexing routines in contrib/fulltextindex(Maarten)
8475 Transaction ids now stored in shared memory(Vadim)
8476 New PGCLIENTENCODING when issuing COPY command(Tatsuo)
8477 Support for SQL92 syntax "SET NAMES"(Tatsuo)
8478 Support for LATIN2-5(Tatsuo)
8479 Add UNICODE regression test case(Tatsuo)
8480 Lock manager cleanup, new locking modes for LLL(Vadim)
8481 Allow index use with OR clauses(Bruce)
8482 Allows "SELECT NULL ORDER BY 1;"
8483 Explain VERBOSE prints the plan, and now pretty-prints the plan to
8484 the postmaster log file(Bruce)
8485 Add indexes display to \d command(Bruce)
8486 Allow GROUP BY on functions(David)
8487 New pg_class.relkind for large objects(Bruce)
8488 New way to send libpq NOTICE messages to a different location(Tom)
8489 New \w write command to psql(Bruce)
8490 New /contrib/findoidjoins scans oid columns to find join relationships(Bruce)
8491 Allow binary-compatible indexes to be considered when checking for valid
8492 Indexes for restriction clauses containing a constant(Thomas)
8493 New ISBN/ISSN code in /contrib/isbn_issn
8494 Allow NOT LIKE, IN, NOT IN, BETWEEN, and NOT BETWEEN constraint(Thomas)
8495 New rewrite system fixes many problems with rules and views(Jan)
8496 * Rules on relations work
8497 * Event qualifications on insert/update/delete work
8498 * New OLD variable to reference CURRENT, CURRENT will be remove in future
8499 * Update rules can reference NEW and OLD in rule qualifications/actions
8500 * Insert/update/delete rules on views work
8501 * Multiple rule actions are now supported, surrounded by parentheses
8502 * Regular users can create views/rules on tables they have RULE permits
8503 * Rules and views inherit the privileges of the creator
8504 * No rules at the column level
8505 * No UPDATE NEW/OLD rules
8506 * New pg_tables, pg_indexes, pg_rules and pg_views system views
8507 * Only a single action on SELECT rules
8508 * Total rewrite overhaul, perhaps for 6.5
8510 * handle aggregates on views
8511 * handle insert into select from view works
8512 System indexes are now multikey(Bruce)
8513 Oidint2, oidint4, and oidname types are removed(Bruce)
8514 Use system cache for more system table lookups(Bruce)
8515 New backend programming language PL/pgSQL in backend/pl(Jan)
8516 New SERIAL data type, auto-creates sequence/index(Thomas)
8517 Enable assert checking without a recompile(Massimo)
8518 User lock enhancements(Massimo)
8519 New setval() command to set sequence value(Massimo)
8520 Auto-remove unix socket file on start-up if no postmaster running(Massimo)
8521 Conditional trace package(Massimo)
8522 New UNLISTEN command(Massimo)
8523 psql and libpq now compile under Windows using win32.mak(Magnus)
8524 Lo_read no longer stores trailing NULL(Bruce)
8525 Identifiers are now truncated to 31 characters internally(Bruce)
8526 Createuser options now availble on the command line
8527 Code for 64-bit integer supported added, configure tested, int8 type(Thomas)
8528 Prevent file descriptor leaf from failed COPY(Bruce)
8529 New pg_upgrade command(Bruce)
8530 Updated /contrib directories(Massimo)
8531 New CREATE TABLE DEFAULT VALUES statement available(Thomas)
8532 New INSERT INTO TABLE DEFAULT VALUES statement available(Thomas)
8533 New DECLARE and FETCH feature(Thomas)
8534 libpq's internal structures now not exported(Tom)
8535 Allow up to 8 key indexes(Bruce)
8536 Remove ARCHIVE key word, that is no longer used(Thomas)
8537 pg_dump -n flag to supress quotes around indentifiers
8538 disable system columns for views(Jan)
8539 new INET and CIDR types for network addresses(TomH, Paul)
8540 no more double quotes in psql output
8541 pg_dump now dumps views(Terry)
8542 new SET QUERY_LIMIT(Tatsuo,Jan)
8546 /contrib cleanup(Jun)
8547 Inline some small functions called for every row(Bruce)
8550 Multibyte regression tests(Soonmyung.)
8551 Remove --disabled options from configure
8552 Define PGDOC to use POSTGRESDIR by default
8553 Make regression optional
8554 Remove extra braces code to pgindent(Bruce)
8555 Add bsdi shared library support(Bruce)
8556 New --without-CXX support configure option(Brook)
8558 Update backend flowchart in tools/backend(Bruce)
8559 Change atttypmod from int16 to int32(Bruce, Tom)
8560 Getrusage() fix for platforms that do not have it(Tom)
8561 Add PQconnectdb, PGUSER, PGPASSWORD to libpq man page
8562 NS32K platform fixes(Phil Nelson, John Buller)
8563 SCO 7/UnixWare 2.x fixes(Billy,others)
8564 Sparc/Solaris 2.5 fixes(Ryan)
8565 Pgbuiltin.3 is obsolete, move to doc files(Thomas)
8566 Even more documention(Thomas)
8567 Nextstep support(Jacek)
8569 pginterface manual page(Bruce)
8570 shared libraries all have version numbers
8571 merged all OS-specific shared library defines into one file
8572 smarter TCL/TK configuration checking(Billy)
8573 smarter perl configuration(Brook)
8574 configure uses supplied install-sh if no install script found(Tom)
8575 new Makefile.shlib for shared library configuration(Tom)
8581 <sect1 id="release-6-3-2">
8582 <title>Release 6.3.2</title>
8585 <title>Release date</title>
8586 <simpara>1998-04-07</simpara>
8590 This is a bug-fix release for 6.3.x.
8591 Refer to the release notes for version 6.3 for a more complete summary of new features.
8599 Repairs automatic configuration support for some platforms, including Linux,
8600 from breakage inadvertently introduced in version 6.3.1.
8606 Correctly handles function calls on the left side of BETWEEN and LIKE clauses.
8613 A dump/restore is NOT required for those running 6.3 or 6.3.1. A
8614 <literal>make distclean</>, <literal>make</>, and <literal>make install</> is all that is required.
8615 This last step should be performed while the postmaster is not running.
8616 You should re-link any custom applications that use <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> libraries.
8619 For upgrades from pre-6.3 installations,
8620 refer to the installation and migration instructions for version 6.3.
8624 <title>Changes</title>
8628 Configure detection improvements for tcl/tk(Brook Milligan, Alvin)
8629 Manual page improvements(Bruce)
8630 BETWEEN and LIKE fix(Thomas)
8631 fix for psql \connect used by pg_dump(Oliver Elphick)
8633 pgaccess, version 0.86
8634 qsort removed, now uses libc version, cleanups(Jeroen)
8635 fix for buffer over-runs detected(Maurice Gittens)
8636 fix for buffer overrun in libpgtcl(Randy Kunkee)
8637 fix for UNION with DISTINCT or ORDER BY(Bruce)
8638 gettimeofday configure check(Doug Winterburn)
8639 Fix "indexes not used" bug(Vadim)
8640 docs additions(Thomas)
8641 Fix for backend memory leak(Bruce)
8642 libreadline cleanup(Erwan MAS)
8643 Remove DISTDIR(Bruce)
8644 Makefile dependency cleanup(Jeroen van Vianen)
8651 <sect1 id="release-6-3-1">
8652 <title>Release 6.3.1</title>
8655 <title>Release date</title>
8656 <simpara>1998-03-23</simpara>
8665 Additional support for multibyte character sets.
8671 Repair byte ordering for mixed-endian clients and servers.
8677 Minor updates to allowed SQL syntax.
8683 Improvements to the configuration autodetection for installation.
8690 A dump/restore is NOT required for those running 6.3. A
8691 <literal>make distclean</>, <literal>make</>, and <literal>make install</> is all that is required.
8692 This last step should be performed while the postmaster is not running.
8693 You should re-link any custom applications that use <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> libraries.
8696 For upgrades from pre-6.3 installations,
8697 refer to the installation and migration instructions for version 6.3.
8701 <title>Changes</title>
8705 ecpg cleanup/fixes, now version 1.1(Michael Meskes)
8706 pg_user cleanup(Bruce)
8707 large object fix for pg_dump and tclsh (alvin)
8708 LIKE fix for multiple adjacent underscores
8709 fix for redefining builtin functions(Thomas)
8711 upgrade to pg_access 0.83
8712 updated CLUSTER manual page
8713 multibyte character set support, see doc/README.mb(Tatsuo)
8714 configure --with-pgport fix
8716 big-endian fix for backend communications(Kataoka)
8717 SUBSTR() and substring() fix(Jan)
8718 several jdbc fixes(Peter)
8719 libpgtcl improvements, see libptcl/README(Randy Kunkee)
8720 Fix for "Datasize = 0" error(Vadim)
8721 Prevent \do from wrapping(Bruce)
8722 Remove duplicate Russian character set entries
8724 Allow optional TABLE key word in LOCK and SELECT INTO(Thomas)
8725 CREATE SEQUENCE options to allow a negative integer(Thomas)
8726 Add "PASSWORD" as an allowed column identifier(Thomas)
8727 Add checks for UNION target fields(Bruce)
8728 Fix Alpha port(Dwayne Bailey)
8729 Fix for text arrays containing quotes(Doug Gibson)
8730 Solaris compile fix(Albert Chin-A-Young)
8731 Better identify tcl and tk libs and includes(Bruce)
8737 <sect1 id="release-6-3">
8738 <title>Release 6.3</title>
8741 <title>Release date</title>
8742 <simpara>1998-03-01</simpara>
8746 There are <emphasis>many</emphasis> new features and improvements in this release.
8747 Here is a brief, incomplete summary:
8752 Many new SQL features, including
8753 full <acronym>SQL92</acronym> subselect capability
8754 (everything is here but target-list subselects).
8760 Support for client-side environment variables to specify time zone and date style.
8766 Socket interface for client/server connection. This is the default now
8767 so you may need to start <application>postmaster</application> with the
8768 <option>-i</option> flag.
8774 Better password authorization mechanisms. Default table privileges have changed.
8780 Old-style <firstterm>time travel</firstterm>
8781 has been removed. Performance has been improved.
8789 Bruce Momjian wrote the following notes to introduce the new release.
8794 There are some general 6.3 issues that I want to mention. These are
8795 only the big items that can not be described in one sentence. A review
8796 of the detailed changes list is still needed.
8799 First, we now have subselects. Now that we have them, I would like to
8800 mention that without subselects, SQL is a very limited language.
8801 Subselects are a major feature, and you should review your code for
8802 places where subselects provide a better solution for your queries. I
8803 think you will find that there are more uses for subselects than you may
8804 think. Vadim has put us on the big SQL map with subselects, and fully
8805 functional ones too. The only thing you can't do with subselects is to
8806 use them in the target list.
8809 Second, 6.3 uses Unix domain sockets rather than TCP/IP by default. To
8810 enable connections from other machines, you have to use the new
8811 postmaster -i option, and of course edit <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename>. Also, for this
8812 reason, the format of <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename> has changed.
8815 Third, <type>char()</type> fields will now allow faster access than <type>varchar()</type> or
8816 <type>text</type>. Specifically, the <type>text</> and <type>varchar()</type> have a penalty for access to
8817 any columns after the first column of this type. <type>char()</type> used to also
8818 have this access penalty, but it no longer does. This may suggest that
8819 you redesign some of your tables, especially if you have short character
8820 columns that you have defined as <type>varchar()</type> or <type>text</type>. This and other
8821 changes make 6.3 even faster than earlier releases.
8824 We now have passwords definable independent of any Unix file. There are
8825 new SQL USER commands.
8826 See the <citetitle>Administrator's Guide</citetitle> for more
8827 information. There is a new table, pg_shadow, which is used to store
8828 user information and user passwords, and it by default only SELECT-able
8829 by the <systemitem>postgres</systemitem> super-user. pg_user is now a view of pg_shadow, and is
8830 SELECT-able by PUBLIC. You should keep using pg_user in your
8831 application without changes.
8834 User-created tables now no longer have SELECT privilege to PUBLIC by
8835 default. This was done because the ANSI standard requires it. You can
8836 of course GRANT any privileges you want after the table is created.
8837 System tables continue to be SELECT-able by PUBLIC.
8840 We also have real deadlock detection code. No more sixty-second
8841 timeouts. And the new locking code implements a <acronym>FIFO</acronym> better, so there
8842 should be less resource starvation during heavy use.
8845 Many complaints have been made about inadequate documentation in previous
8846 releases. Thomas has put much effort into many new manuals for this
8847 release. Check out the doc/ directory.
8850 For performance reasons, time travel is gone, but can be implemented
8851 using triggers (see <filename>pgsql/contrib/spi/README</filename>). Please check out the new
8852 \d command for types, operators, etc. Also, views have their own
8853 privileges now, not based on the underlying tables, so privileges on
8854 them have to be set separately. Check <filename>/pgsql/interfaces</filename> for some new
8855 ways to talk to <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
8858 This is the first release that really required an explanation for
8859 existing users. In many ways, this was necessary because the new
8860 release removes many limitations, and the work-arounds people were using
8861 are no longer needed.
8865 <title>Migration to version 6.3</title>
8868 A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application>
8869 or <application>pg_dumpall</application>
8870 is required for those wishing to migrate data from any
8871 previous release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
8876 <title>Changes</title>
8882 Fix binary cursors broken by MOVE implementation(Vadim)
8883 Fix for tcl library crash(Jan)
8884 Fix for array handling, from Gerhard Hintermayer
8885 Fix acl error, and remove duplicate pqtrace(Bruce)
8886 Fix psql \e for empty file(Bruce)
8887 Fix for textcat on varchar() fields(Bruce)
8888 Fix for DBT Sendproc (Zeugswetter Andres)
8889 Fix vacuum analyze syntax problem(Bruce)
8890 Fix for international identifiers(Tatsuo)
8891 Fix aggregates on inherited tables(Bruce)
8892 Fix substr() for out-of-bounds data
8893 Fix for select 1=1 or 2=2, select 1=1 and 2=2, and select sum(2+2)(Bruce)
8894 Fix notty output to show status result. -q option still turns it off(Bruce)
8895 Fix for count(*), aggs with views and multiple tables and sum(3)(Bruce)
8897 Fix for PQtrace start/stop several times(Bruce)
8898 Fix a variety of locking problems like newer lock waiters getting
8899 lock before older waiters, and having readlock people not share
8900 locks if a writer is waiting for a lock, and waiting writers not
8901 getting priority over waiting readers(Bruce)
8902 Fix crashes in psql when executing queries from external files(James)
8903 Fix problem with multiple order by columns, with the first one having
8905 Use correct hash table support functions for float8 and int4(Thomas)
8906 Re-enable JOIN= option in CREATE OPERATOR statement (Thomas)
8907 Change precedence for boolean operators to match expected behavior(Thomas)
8908 Generate elog(ERROR) on over-large integer(Bruce)
8909 Allow multiple-argument functions in constraint clauses(Thomas)
8910 Check boolean input literals for 'true','false','yes','no','1','0'
8911 and throw elog(ERROR) if unrecognized(Thomas)
8912 Major large objects fix
8913 Fix for GROUP BY showing duplicates(Vadim)
8914 Fix for index scans in MergeJion(Vadim)
8918 Subselects with EXISTS, IN, ALL, ANY key words (Vadim, Bruce, Thomas)
8919 New User Manual(Thomas, others)
8920 Speedup by inlining some frequently-called functions
8921 Real deadlock detection, no more timeouts(Bruce)
8922 Add SQL92 "constants" CURRENT_DATE, CURRENT_TIME, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
8923 CURRENT_USER(Thomas)
8924 Modify constraint syntax to be SQL92-compliant(Thomas)
8925 Implement SQL92 PRIMARY KEY and UNIQUE clauses using indexes(Thomas)
8926 Recognize SQL92 syntax for FOREIGN KEY. Throw elog notice(Thomas)
8927 Allow NOT NULL UNIQUE constraint clause (each allowed separately before)(Thomas)
8928 Allow PostgreSQL-style casting ("::") of non-constants(Thomas)
8929 Add support for SQL3 TRUE and FALSE boolean constants(Thomas)
8930 Support SQL92 syntax for IS TRUE/IS FALSE/IS NOT TRUE/IS NOT FALSE(Thomas)
8931 Allow shorter strings for boolean literals (e.g. "t", "tr", "tru")(Thomas)
8932 Allow SQL92 delimited identifiers(Thomas)
8933 Implement SQL92 binary and hexadecimal string decoding (b'10' and x'1F')(Thomas)
8934 Support SQL92 syntax for type coercion of literal strings
8935 (e.g. "DATETIME 'now'")(Thomas)
8936 Add conversions for int2, int4, and OID types to and from text(Thomas)
8937 Use shared lock when building indexes(Vadim)
8938 Free memory allocated for an user query inside transaction block after
8939 this query is done, was turned off in <= 6.2.1(Vadim)
8940 New SQL statement CREATE PROCEDURAL LANGUAGE(Jan)
8941 New <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> Procedural Language (PL) backend interface(Jan)
8942 Rename pg_dump -H option to -h(Bruce)
8943 Add Java support for passwords, European dates(Peter)
8944 Use indexes for LIKE and ~, !~ operations(Bruce)
8945 Add hash functions for datetime and timespan(Thomas)
8946 Time Travel removed(Vadim, Bruce)
8947 Add paging for \d and \z, and fix \i(Bruce)
8948 Add Unix domain socket support to backend and to frontend library(Goran)
8949 Implement CREATE DATABASE/WITH LOCATION and initlocation utility(Thomas)
8950 Allow more SQL92 and/or <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> reserved words as column identifiers(Thomas)
8951 Augment support for SQL92 SET TIME ZONE...(Thomas)
8952 SET/SHOW/RESET TIME ZONE uses TZ backend environment variable(Thomas)
8953 Implement SET keyword = DEFAULT and SET TIME ZONE DEFAULT(Thomas)
8954 Enable SET TIME ZONE using TZ environment variable(Thomas)
8955 Add PGDATESTYLE environment variable to frontend and backend initialization(Thomas)
8956 Add PGTZ, PGCOSTHEAP, PGCOSTINDEX, PGRPLANS, PGGEQO
8957 frontend library initialization environment variables(Thomas)
8958 Regression tests time zone automatically set with "setenv PGTZ PST8PDT"(Thomas)
8959 Add pg_description table for info on tables, columns, operators, types, and
8961 Increase 16 char limit on system table/index names to 32 characters(Bruce)
8962 Rename system indexes(Bruce)
8963 Add 'GERMAN' option to SET DATESTYLE(Thomas)
8964 Define an "ISO-style" timespan output format with "hh:mm:ss" fields(Thomas)
8965 Allow fractional values for delta times (e.g. '2.5 days')(Thomas)
8966 Validate numeric input more carefully for delta times(Thomas)
8967 Implement day of year as possible input to date_part()(Thomas)
8968 Define timespan_finite() and text_timespan() functions(Thomas)
8969 Remove archive stuff(Bruce)
8970 Allow for a pg_password authentication database that is separate from
8971 the system password file(Todd)
8972 Dump ACLs, GRANT, REVOKE privileges(Matt)
8973 Define text, varchar, and bpchar string length functions(Thomas)
8974 Fix Query handling for inheritance, and cost computations(Bruce)
8975 Implement CREATE TABLE/AS SELECT (alternative to SELECT/INTO)(Thomas)
8976 Allow NOT, IS NULL, IS NOT NULL in constraints(Thomas)
8977 Implement UNIONs for SELECT(Bruce)
8978 Add UNION, GROUP, DISTINCT to INSERT(Bruce)
8979 varchar() stores only necessary bytes on disk(Bruce)
8980 Fix for BLOBs(Peter)
8981 Mega-Patch for JDBC...see README_6.3 for list of changes(Peter)
8982 Remove unused "option" from PQconnectdb()
8983 New LOCK command and lock manual page describing deadlocks(Bruce)
8984 Add new psql \da, \dd, \df, \do, \dS, and \dT commands(Bruce)
8985 Enhance psql \z to show sequences(Bruce)
8986 Show NOT NULL and DEFAULT in psql \d table(Bruce)
8987 New psql .psqlrc file start-up(Andrew)
8988 Modify sample start-up script in contrib/linux to show syslog(Thomas)
8989 New types for IP and MAC addresses in contrib/ip_and_mac(TomH)
8990 Unix system time conversions with date/time types in contrib/unixdate(Thomas)
8991 Update of contrib stuff(Massimo)
8992 Add Unix socket support to DBD::Pg(Goran)
8993 New python interface (PyGreSQL 2.0)(D'Arcy)
8994 New frontend/backend protocol has a version number, network byte order(Phil)
8995 Security features in pg_hba.conf enhanced and documented, many cleanups(Phil)
8996 CHAR() now faster access than VARCHAR() or TEXT
8997 ecpg embedded SQL preprocessor
8998 Reduce system column overhead(Vadmin)
8999 Remove pg_time table(Vadim)
9000 Add pg_type attribute to identify types that need length (bpchar, varchar)
9001 Add report of offending line when COPY command fails
9002 Allow VIEW privileges to be set separately from the underlying tables.
9003 For security, use GRANT/REVOKE on views as appropriate(Jan)
9004 Tables now have no default GRANT SELECT TO PUBLIC. You must
9005 explicitly grant such privileges.
9006 Clean up tutorial examples(Darren)
9010 Add new html development tools, and flow chart in /tools/backend
9011 Fix for SCO compiles
9012 Stratus computer port Robert Gillies
9013 Added support for shlib for BSD44_derived & i386_solaris
9014 Make configure more automated(Brook)
9015 Add script to check regression test results
9016 Break parser functions into smaller files, group together(Bruce)
9017 Rename heap_create to heap_create_and_catalog, rename heap_creatr
9018 to heap_create()(Bruce)
9019 Sparc/Linux patch for locking(TomS)
9020 Remove PORTNAME and reorganize port-specific stuff(Marc)
9021 Add optimizer README file(Bruce)
9022 Remove some recursion in optimizer and clean up some code there(Bruce)
9023 Fix for NetBSD locking(Henry)
9024 Fix for libptcl make(Tatsuo)
9026 Change IS TRUE, IS FALSE, ... to expressions using "=" rather than
9027 function calls to istrue() or isfalse() to allow optimization(Thomas)
9028 Various fixes NetBSD/Sparc related(TomH)
9029 Alpha linux locking(Travis,Ryan)
9030 Change elog(WARN) to elog(ERROR)(Bruce)
9031 FAQ for FreeBSD(Marc)
9032 Bring in the PostODBC source tree as part of our standard distribution(Marc)
9033 A minor patch for HP/UX 10 vs 9(Stan)
9034 New pg_attribute.atttypmod for type-specific info like varchar length(Bruce)
9035 UnixWare patches(Billy)
9036 New i386 'lock' for spinlock asm(Billy)
9037 Support for multiplexed backends is removed
9038 Start an OpenBSD port
9041 Add string functions to regression suite(Thomas)
9042 Expand a few function names formerly truncated to 16 characters(Thomas)
9043 Remove un-needed malloc() calls and replace with palloc()(Bruce)
9049 <sect1 id="release-6-2-1">
9050 <title>Release 6.2.1</title>
9053 <title>Release date</title>
9054 <simpara>1997-10-17</simpara>
9058 6.2.1 is a bug-fix and usability release on 6.2.
9066 Allow strings to span lines, per <acronym>SQL92</acronym>.
9072 Include example trigger function for inserting user names on table updates.
9079 This is a minor bug-fix release on 6.2.
9080 For upgrades from pre-6.2 systems, a full dump/reload is required.
9081 Refer to the 6.2 release notes for instructions.
9085 <title>Migration from version 6.2 to version 6.2.1</title>
9088 This is a minor bug-fix release. A dump/reload is not required from version 6.2,
9089 but is required from any release prior to 6.2.
9092 In upgrading from version 6.2, if you choose to dump/reload you will find that
9093 avg(money) is now calculated correctly. All other bug fixes take effect
9094 upon updating the executables.
9097 Another way to avoid dump/reload is to use the following SQL command
9098 from <command>psql</command> to update the existing system table:
9101 update pg_aggregate set aggfinalfn = 'cash_div_flt8'
9102 where aggname = 'avg' and aggbasetype = 790;
9106 This will need to be done to every existing database, including template1.
9111 <title>Changes</title>
9115 Allow TIME and TYPE column names(Thomas)
9116 Allow larger range of true/false as boolean values(Thomas)
9117 Support output of "now" and "current"(Thomas)
9118 Handle DEFAULT with INSERT of NULL properly(Vadim)
9119 Fix for relation reference counts problem in buffer manager(Vadim)
9120 Allow strings to span lines, like ANSI(Thomas)
9121 Fix for backward cursor with ORDER BY(Vadim)
9122 Fix avg(cash) computation(Thomas)
9123 Fix for specifying a column twice in ORDER/GROUP BY(Vadim)
9124 Documented new libpq function to return affected rows, PQcmdTuples(Bruce)
9125 Trigger function for inserting user names for INSERT/UPDATE(Brook Milligan)
9131 <sect1 id="release-6-2">
9132 <title>Release 6.2</title>
9135 <title>Release date</title>
9136 <simpara>1997-10-02</simpara>
9140 A dump/restore is required for those wishing to migrate data from
9141 previous releases of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
9145 <title>Migration from version 6.1 to version 6.2</title>
9148 This migration requires a complete dump of the 6.1 database and a
9149 restore of the database in 6.2.
9152 Note that the <command>pg_dump</command> and <command>pg_dumpall</command> utility from 6.2 should be used
9153 to dump the 6.1 database.
9158 <title>Migration from version 1.<replaceable>x</> to version 6.2</title>
9161 Those migrating from earlier 1.* releases should first upgrade to 1.09
9162 because the COPY output format was improved from the 1.02 release.
9167 <title>Changes</title>
9173 Fix problems with pg_dump for inheritance, sequences, archive tables(Bruce)
9174 Fix compile errors on overflow due to shifts, unsigned, and bad prototypes
9175 from Solaris(Diab Jerius)
9176 Fix bugs in geometric line arithmetic (bad intersection calculations)(Thomas)
9177 Check for geometric intersections at endpoints to avoid rounding ugliness(Thomas)
9178 Catch non-functional delete attempts(Vadim)
9179 Change time function names to be more consistent(Michael Reifenberg)
9180 Check for zero divides(Michael Reifenberg)
9181 Fix very old bug which made rows changed/inserted by a command
9182 visible to the command itself (so we had multiple update of
9183 updated rows, etc.)(Vadim)
9184 Fix for SELECT null, 'fail' FROM pg_am (Patrick)
9185 SELECT NULL as EMPTY_FIELD now allowed(Patrick)
9186 Remove un-needed signal stuff from contrib/pginterface
9187 Fix OR (where x != 1 or x isnull didn't return rows with x NULL) (Vadim)
9188 Fix time_cmp function (Vadim)
9189 Fix handling of functions with non-attribute first argument in
9190 WHERE clauses (Vadim)
9191 Fix GROUP BY when order of entries is different from order
9192 in target list (Vadim)
9193 Fix pg_dump for aggregates without sfunc1 (Vadim)
9197 Default genetic optimizer GEQO parameter is now 8(Bruce)
9198 Allow use parameters in target list having aggregates in functions(Vadim)
9199 Added JDBC driver as an interface(Adrian & Peter)
9201 Return number of rows inserted/affected by INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE etc.(Vadim)
9202 Triggers implemented with CREATE TRIGGER (SQL3)(Vadim)
9203 SPI (Server Programming Interface) allows execution of queries inside
9205 NOT NULL implemented (SQL92)(Robson Paniago de Miranda)
9206 Include reserved words for string handling, outer joins, and unions(Thomas)
9207 Implement extended comments ("/* ... */") using exclusive states(Thomas)
9208 Add "//" single-line comments(Bruce)
9209 Remove some restrictions on characters in operator names(Thomas)
9210 DEFAULT and CONSTRAINT for tables implemented (SQL92)(Vadim & Thomas)
9211 Add text concatenation operator and function (SQL92)(Thomas)
9212 Support WITH TIME ZONE syntax (SQL92)(Thomas)
9213 Support INTERVAL unit TO unit syntax (SQL92)(Thomas)
9214 Define types DOUBLE PRECISION, INTERVAL, CHARACTER,
9215 and CHARACTER VARYING (SQL92)(Thomas)
9216 Define type FLOAT(p) and rudimentary DECIMAL(p,s), NUMERIC(p,s) (SQL92)(Thomas)
9217 Define EXTRACT(), POSITION(), SUBSTRING(), and TRIM() (SQL92)(Thomas)
9218 Define CURRENT_DATE, CURRENT_TIME, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP (SQL92)(Thomas)
9219 Add syntax and warnings for UNION, HAVING, INNER and OUTER JOIN (SQL92)(Thomas)
9220 Add more reserved words, mostly for SQL92 compliance(Thomas)
9221 Allow hh:mm:ss time entry for timespan/reltime types(Thomas)
9222 Add center() routines for lseg, path, polygon(Thomas)
9223 Add distance() routines for circle-polygon, polygon-polygon(Thomas)
9224 Check explicitly for points and polygons contained within polygons
9225 using an axis-crossing algorithm(Thomas)
9226 Add routine to convert circle-box(Thomas)
9227 Merge conflicting operators for different geometric data types(Thomas)
9228 Replace distance operator "<===>" with "<->"(Thomas)
9229 Replace "above" operator "!^" with ">^" and "below" operator "!|" with "<^"(Thomas)
9230 Add routines for text trimming on both ends, substring, and string position(Thomas)
9231 Added conversion routines circle(box) and poly(circle)(Thomas)
9232 Allow internal sorts to be stored in memory rather than in files(Bruce & Vadim)
9233 Allow functions and operators on internally-identical types to succeed(Bruce)
9234 Speed up backend start-up after profiling analysis(Bruce)
9235 Inline frequently called functions for performance(Bruce)
9236 Reduce open() calls(Bruce)
9237 psql: Add PAGER for \h and \?,\C fix
9238 Fix for psql pager when no tty(Bruce)
9239 New entab utility(Bruce)
9240 General trigger functions for referential integrity (Vadim)
9241 General trigger functions for time travel (Vadim)
9242 General trigger functions for AUTOINCREMENT/IDENTITY feature (Vadim)
9243 MOVE implementation (Vadim)
9247 HP-UX 10 patches (Vladimir Turin)
9248 Added SCO support, (Daniel Harris)
9249 MkLinux patches (Tatsuo Ishii)
9250 Change geometric box terminology from "length" to "width"(Thomas)
9251 Deprecate temporary unstored slope fields in geometric code(Thomas)
9252 Remove restart instructions from INSTALL(Bruce)
9253 Look in /usr/ucb first for install(Bruce)
9254 Fix c++ copy example code(Thomas)
9255 Add -o to psql manual page(Bruce)
9256 Prevent relname unallocated string length from being copied into database(Bruce)
9257 Cleanup for NAMEDATALEN use(Bruce)
9258 Fix pg_proc names over 15 chars in output(Bruce)
9259 Add strNcpy() function(Bruce)
9260 remove some (void) casts that are unnecessary(Bruce)
9261 new interfaces directory(Marc)
9262 Replace fopen() calls with calls to fd.c functions(Bruce)
9263 Make functions static where possible(Bruce)
9264 enclose unused functions in #ifdef NOT_USED(Bruce)
9265 Remove call to difftime() in timestamp support to fix SunOS(Bruce & Thomas)
9266 Changes for Digital Unix
9267 Portability fix for pg_dumpall(Bruce)
9268 Rename pg_attribute.attnvals to attdispersion(Bruce)
9269 "intro/unix" manual page now "pgintro"(Bruce)
9270 "built-in" manual page now "pgbuiltin"(Bruce)
9271 "drop" manual page now "drop_table"(Bruce)
9272 Add "create_trigger", "drop_trigger" manual pages(Thomas)
9273 Add constraints regression test(Vadim & Thomas)
9274 Add comments syntax regression test(Thomas)
9275 Add PGINDENT and support program(Bruce)
9276 Massive commit to run PGINDENT on all *.c and *.h files(Bruce)
9277 Files moved to /src/tools directory(Bruce)
9278 SPI and Trigger programming guides (Vadim & D'Arcy)
9284 <sect1 id="release-6-1-1">
9285 <title>Release 6.1.1</title>
9288 <title>Release date</title>
9289 <simpara>1997-07-22</simpara>
9293 <title>Migration from version 6.1 to version 6.1.1</title>
9296 This is a minor bug-fix release. A dump/reload is not required from version 6.1,
9297 but is required from any release prior to 6.1.
9298 Refer to the release notes for 6.1 for more details.
9303 <title>Changes</title>
9307 fix for SET with options (Thomas)
9308 allow pg_dump/pg_dumpall to preserve ownership of all tables/objects(Bruce)
9309 new psql \connect option allows changing usernames without changing databases
9310 fix for initdb --debug option(Yoshihiko Ichikawa))
9311 lextest cleanup(Bruce)
9313 fix date/time month boundary arithmetic(Thomas)
9314 fix timezone daylight handling for some ports(Thomas, Bruce, Tatsuo)
9315 timestamp overhauled to use standard functions(Thomas)
9316 other code cleanup in date/time routines(Thomas)
9317 psql's \d now case-insensitive(Bruce)
9318 psql's backslash commands can now have trailing semicolon(Bruce)
9319 fix memory leak in psql when using \g(Bruce)
9320 major fix for endian handling of communication to server(Thomas, Tatsuo)
9321 Fix for Solaris assembler and include files(Yoshihiko Ichikawa)
9322 allow underscores in usernames(Bruce)
9323 pg_dumpall now returns proper status, portability fix(Bruce)
9329 <sect1 id="release-6-1">
9330 <title>Release 6.1</title>
9333 <title>Release date</title>
9334 <simpara>1997-06-08</simpara>
9338 The regression tests have been adapted and extensively modified for the
9339 6.1 release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
9343 Three new data types (<type>datetime</type>, <type>timespan</type>, and <type>circle</type>) have been added to
9344 the native set of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> types. Points, boxes, paths, and polygons
9345 have had their output formats made consistent across the data types.
9346 The polygon output in misc.out has only been spot-checked for correctness
9347 relative to the original regression output.
9351 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 6.1 introduces a new, alternate
9352 optimizer which uses <firstterm>genetic</firstterm>
9353 algorithms. These algorithms introduce a random behavior in the ordering
9354 of query results when the query contains multiple qualifiers or multiple
9355 tables (giving the optimizer a choice on order of evaluation). Several
9356 regression tests have been modified to explicitly order the results, and
9357 hence are insensitive to optimizer choices. A few regression tests are
9358 for data types which are inherently unordered (e.g. points and time
9359 intervals) and tests involving those types are explicitly bracketed with
9360 <command>set geqo to 'off'</command> and <command>reset geqo</command>.
9364 The interpretation of array specifiers (the curly braces around atomic
9365 values) appears to have changed sometime after the original regression
9366 tests were generated. The current <filename>./expected/*.out</filename> files reflect this
9367 new interpretation, which may not be correct!
9371 The float8 regression test fails on at least some platforms. This is due
9372 to differences in implementations of <function>pow()</function> and <function>exp()</function> and the signaling
9373 mechanisms used for overflow and underflow conditions.
9377 The <quote>random</> results in the random test should cause the
9378 <quote>random</quote> test to be <quote>failed</quote>, since the
9379 regression tests are evaluated using a simple diff. However,
9380 <quote>random</> does not seem to produce random results on my test
9381 machine (Linux/<application>gcc</>/i686).
9385 <title>Migration to version 6.1</title>
9388 This migration requires a complete dump of the 6.0 database and a
9389 restore of the database in 6.1.
9392 Those migrating from earlier 1.* releases should first upgrade to 1.09
9393 because the COPY output format was improved from the 1.02 release.
9398 <title>Changes</title>
9404 packet length checking in library routines
9405 lock manager priority patch
9406 check for under/over flow of float8(Bruce)
9407 multitable join fix(Vadim)
9408 SIGPIPE crash fix(Darren)
9409 large object fixes(Sven)
9410 allow btree indexes to handle NULLs(Vadim)
9411 timezone fixes(D'Arcy)
9412 select SUM(x) can return NULL on no rows(Thomas)
9413 internal optimizer, executor bug fixes(Vadim)
9414 fix problem where inner loop in < or <= has no rows(Vadim)
9415 prevent re-commuting join index clauses(Vadim)
9416 fix join clauses for multiple tables(Vadim)
9417 fix hash, hashjoin for arrays(Vadim)
9418 fix btree for abstime type(Vadim)
9419 large object fixes(Raymond)
9420 fix buffer leak in hash indexes (Vadim)
9421 fix rtree for use in inner scan (Vadim)
9422 fix gist for use in inner scan, cleanups (Vadim, Andrea)
9423 avoid unnecessary local buffers allocation (Vadim, Massimo)
9424 fix local buffers leak in transaction aborts (Vadim)
9425 fix file manager memmory leaks, cleanups (Vadim, Massimo)
9426 fix storage manager memmory leaks (Vadim)
9427 fix btree duplicates handling (Vadim)
9428 fix deleted rows reincarnation caused by vacuum (Vadim)
9429 fix SELECT varchar()/char() INTO TABLE made zero-length fields(Bruce)
9430 many psql, pg_dump, and libpq memory leaks fixed using Purify (Igor)
9434 attribute optimization statistics(Bruce)
9435 much faster new btree bulk load code(Paul)
9436 BTREE UNIQUE added to bulk load code(Vadim)
9437 new lock debug code(Massimo)
9438 massive changes to libpg++(Leo)
9439 new GEQO optimizer speeds table multitable optimization(Martin)
9440 new WARN message for non-unique insert into unique key(Marc)
9441 update x=-3, no spaces, now valid(Bruce)
9442 remove case-sensitive identifier handling(Bruce,Thomas,Dan)
9443 debug backend now pretty-prints tree(Darren)
9444 new Oracle character functions(Edmund)
9445 new plaintext password functions(Dan)
9446 no such class or insufficient privilege changed to distinct messages(Dan)
9447 new ANSI timestamp function(Dan)
9448 new ANSI Time and Date types (Thomas)
9449 move large chunks of data in backend(Martin)
9450 multicolumn btree indexes(Vadim)
9451 new SET var TO value command(Martin)
9452 update transaction status on reads(Dan)
9453 new locale settings for character types(Oleg)
9454 new SEQUENCE serial number generator(Vadim)
9455 GROUP BY function now possible(Vadim)
9456 re-organize regression test(Thomas,Marc)
9457 new optimizer operation weights(Vadim)
9458 new psql \z grant/permit option(Marc)
9459 new MONEY data type(D'Arcy,Thomas)
9460 tcp socket communication speed improved(Vadim)
9461 new VACUUM option for attribute statistics, and for certain columns (Vadim)
9462 many geometric type improvements(Thomas,Keith)
9463 additional regression tests(Thomas)
9464 new datestyle variable(Thomas,Vadim,Martin)
9465 more comparison operators for sorting types(Thomas)
9466 new conversion functions(Thomas)
9467 new more compact btree format(Vadim)
9468 allow pg_dumpall to preserve database ownership(Bruce)
9469 new SET GEQO=# and R_PLANS variable(Vadim)
9470 old (!GEQO) optimizer can use right-sided plans (Vadim)
9471 typechecking improvement in SQL parser(Bruce)
9472 new SET, SHOW, RESET commands(Thomas,Vadim)
9473 new \connect database USER option
9474 new destroydb -i option (Igor)
9475 new \dt and \di psql commands (Darren)
9476 SELECT "\n" now escapes newline (A. Duursma)
9477 new geometry conversion functions from old format (Thomas)
9481 new configuration script(Marc)
9482 readline configuration option added(Marc)
9483 OS-specific configuration options removed(Marc)
9484 new OS-specific template files(Marc)
9485 no more need to edit Makefile.global(Marc)
9486 re-arrange include files(Marc)
9487 nextstep patches (Gregor Hoffleit)
9488 removed Windows-specific code(Bruce)
9489 removed postmaster -e option, now only postgres -e option (Bruce)
9490 merge duplicate library code in front/backends(Martin)
9491 now works with eBones, international Kerberos(Jun)
9492 more shared library support
9493 c++ include file cleanup(Bruce)
9494 warn about buggy flex(Bruce)
9495 DG/UX, Ultrix, IRIX, AIX portability fixes
9501 <sect1 id="release-6-0">
9502 <title>Release 6.0</title>
9505 <title>Release date</title>
9506 <simpara>1997-01-29</simpara>
9510 A dump/restore is required for those wishing to migrate data from
9511 previous releases of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
9515 <title>Migration from version 1.09 to version 6.0</title>
9518 This migration requires a complete dump of the 1.09 database and a
9519 restore of the database in 6.0.
9524 <title>Migration from pre-1.09 to version 6.0</title>
9527 Those migrating from earlier 1.* releases should first upgrade to 1.09
9528 because the COPY output format was improved from the 1.02 release.
9533 <title>Changes</title>
9539 ALTER TABLE bug - running postgress process needs to re-read table definition
9540 Allow vacuum to be run on one table or entire database(Bruce)
9542 Fix array over-runs of memory writes(Kurt)
9543 Fix elusive btree range/non-range bug(Dan)
9544 Fix for hash indexes on some types like time and date
9545 Fix for pg_log size explosion
9546 Fix permissions on lo_export()(Bruce)
9547 Fix unitialized reads of memory(Kurt)
9548 Fixed ALTER TABLE ... char(3) bug(Bruce)
9549 Fixed a few small memory leaks
9550 Fixed EXPLAIN handling of options and changed full_path option name
9551 Fixed output of group acl privileges
9552 Memory leaks (hunt and destroy with tools like Purify(Kurt)
9553 Minor improvements to rules system
9555 New asserts for run-checking
9556 Overhauled parser/analyze code to properly report errors and increase speed
9557 Pg_dump -d now handles NULL's properly(Bruce)
9558 Prevent SELECT NULL from crashing server (Bruce)
9559 Properly report errors when INSERT ... SELECT columns did not match
9560 Properly report errors when insert column names were not correct
9561 psql \g filename now works(Bruce)
9562 psql fixed problem with multiple statements on one line with multiple outputs
9563 Removed duplicate system OIDs
9564 SELECT * INTO TABLE . GROUP/ORDER BY gives unlink error if table exists(Bruce)
9565 Several fixes for queries that crashed the backend
9566 Starting quote in insert string errors(Bruce)
9567 Submitting an empty query now returns empty status, not just " " query(Bruce)
9571 Add EXPLAIN manual page(Bruce)
9572 Add UNIQUE index capability(Dan)
9573 Add hostname/user level access control rather than just hostname and user
9574 Add synonym of != for <>(Bruce)
9575 Allow "select oid,* from table"
9576 Allow BY,ORDER BY to specify columns by number, or by non-alias table.column(Bruce)
9577 Allow COPY from the frontend(Bryan)
9578 Allow GROUP BY to use alias column name(Bruce)
9579 Allow actual compression, not just reuse on the same page(Vadim)
9580 Allow installation-configuration option to auto-add all local users(Bryan)
9581 Allow libpq to distinguish between text value '' and null(Bruce)
9582 Allow non-postgres users with createdb privs to destroydb's
9583 Allow restriction on who can create C functions(Bryan)
9584 Allow restriction on who can do backend COPY(Bryan)
9585 Can shrink tables, pg_time and pg_log(Vadim & Erich)
9586 Change debug level 2 to print queries only, changed debug heading layout(Bruce)
9587 Change default decimal constant representation from float4 to float8(Bruce)
9588 European date format now set when postmaster is started
9589 Execute lowercase function names if not found with exact case
9590 Fixes for aggregate/GROUP processing, allow 'select sum(func(x),sum(x+y) from z'
9591 Gist now included in the distrubution(Marc)
9592 Idend authentication of local users(Bryan)
9593 Implement BETWEEN qualifier(Bruce)
9594 Implement IN qualifier(Bruce)
9595 libpq has PQgetisnull()(Bruce)
9596 libpq++ improvements
9597 New options to initdb(Bryan)
9598 Pg_dump allow dump of OIDs(Bruce)
9599 Pg_dump create indexes after tables are loaded for speed(Bruce)
9600 Pg_dumpall dumps all databases, and the user table
9601 Pginterface additions for NULL values(Bruce)
9602 Prevent postmaster from being run as root
9603 psql \h and \? is now readable(Bruce)
9604 psql allow backslashed, semicolons anywhere on the line(Bruce)
9605 psql changed command prompt for lines in query or in quotes(Bruce)
9606 psql char(3) now displays as (bp)char in \d output(Bruce)
9607 psql return code now more accurate(Bryan?)
9608 psql updated help syntax(Bruce)
9609 Re-visit and fix vacuum(Vadim)
9610 Reduce size of regression diffs, remove timezone name difference(Bruce)
9611 Remove compile-time parameters to enable binary distributions(Bryan)
9612 Reverse meaning of HBA masks(Bryan)
9613 Secure Authentication of local users(Bryan)
9614 Speed up vacuum(Vadim)
9615 Vacuum now had VERBOSE option(Bruce)
9619 All functions now have prototypes that are compared against the calls
9620 Allow asserts to be disabled easly from Makefile.global(Bruce)
9621 Change oid constants used in code to #define names
9622 Decoupled sparc and solaris defines(Kurt)
9623 Gcc -Wall compiles cleanly with warnings only from unfixable constructs
9624 Major include file reorganization/reduction(Marc)
9625 Make now stops on compile failure(Bryan)
9626 Makefile restructuring(Bryan, Marc)
9627 Merge bsdi_2_1 to bsdi(Bruce)
9628 Monitor program removed
9629 Name change from Postgres95 to PostgreSQL
9630 New config.h file(Marc, Bryan)
9631 PG_VERSION now set to 6.0 and used by postmaster
9632 Portability additions, including Ultrix, DG/UX, AIX, and Solaris
9633 Reduced the number of #define's, centeralized #define's
9634 Remove duplicate OIDS in system tables(Dan)
9635 Remove duplicate system catalog info or report mismatches(Dan)
9636 Removed many os-specific #define's
9637 Restructured object file generation/location(Bryan, Marc)
9638 Restructured port-specific file locations(Bryan, Marc)
9639 Unused/uninialized variables corrected
9645 <sect1 id="release-1-09">
9646 <title>Release 1.09</title>
9649 <title>Release date</title>
9650 <simpara>1996-11-04</simpara>
9654 Sorry, we didn't keep track of changes from 1.02 to 1.09. Some of
9655 the changes listed in 6.0 were actually included in the 1.02.1 to 1.09
9660 <sect1 id="release-1-02">
9661 <title>Release 1.02</title>
9664 <title>Release date</title>
9665 <simpara>1996-08-01</simpara>
9669 <title>Migration from version 1.02 to version 1.02.1</title>
9672 Here is a new migration file for 1.02.1. It includes the 'copy' change
9673 and a script to convert old <acronym>ASCII</acronym> files.
9677 The following notes are for the benefit of users who want to migrate
9678 databases from <productname>Postgres95</> 1.01 and 1.02 to <productname>Postgres95</> 1.02.1.
9681 If you are starting afresh with <productname>Postgres95</> 1.02.1 and do not need
9682 to migrate old databases, you do not need to read any further.
9687 In order to upgrade older <productname>Postgres95</> version 1.01 or 1.02 databases to
9688 version 1.02.1, the following steps are required:
9693 Start up a new 1.02.1 postmaster
9698 Add the new built-in functions and operators of 1.02.1 to 1.01 or 1.02
9699 databases. This is done by running the new 1.02.1 server against
9700 your own 1.01 or 1.02 database and applying the queries attached at
9701 the end of the file. This can be done easily through <command>psql</>. If your
9702 1.01 or 1.02 database is named <literal>testdb</literal> and you have cut the commands
9703 from the end of this file and saved them in <filename>addfunc.sql</filename>:
9705 % psql testdb -f addfunc.sql
9708 Those upgrading 1.02 databases will get a warning when executing the
9709 last two statements in the file because they are already present in 1.02. This is
9710 not a cause for concern.
9717 <title>Dump/Reload Procedure</title>
9720 If you are trying to reload a pg_dump or text-mode, <literal>copy tablename to
9721 stdout</literal> generated with a previous version, you will need to run the
9722 attached <command>sed</command> script on the ASCII file before loading it into the
9723 database. The old format used '.' as end-of-data, while '\.' is now the
9724 end-of-data marker. Also, empty strings are now loaded in as '' rather
9725 than NULL. See the copy manual page for full details.
9728 sed 's/^\.$/\\./g' <in_file >out_file
9732 If you are loading an older binary copy or non-<systemitem>stdout</> copy, there is no
9733 end-of-data character, and hence no conversion necessary.
9736 -- following lines added by agc to reflect the case-insensitive
9737 -- regexp searching for varchar (in 1.02), and bpchar (in 1.02.1)
9738 create operator ~* (leftarg = bpchar, rightarg = text, procedure = texticregexeq);
9739 create operator !~* (leftarg = bpchar, rightarg = text, procedure = texticregexne);
9740 create operator ~* (leftarg = varchar, rightarg = text, procedure = texticregexeq);
9741 create operator !~* (leftarg = varchar, rightarg = text, procedure = texticregexne);
9747 <title>Changes</title>
9751 Source code maintenance and development
9752 * worldwide team of volunteers
9753 * the source tree now in CVS at ftp.ki.net
9756 * psql (and underlying libpq library) now has many more options for
9757 formatting output, including HTML
9758 * pg_dump now output the schema and/or the data, with many fixes to
9759 enhance completeness.
9760 * psql used in place of monitor in administration shell scripts.
9761 monitor to be deprecated in next release.
9762 * date/time functions enhanced
9763 * NULL insert/update/comparison fixed/enhanced
9764 * TCL/TK lib and shell fixed to work with both tck7.4/tk4.0 and tcl7.5/tk4.1
9766 Bug Fixes (almost too numerous to mention)
9768 * storage management
9769 * check for NULL pointer before dereferencing
9773 * added SolarisX86 port
9774 * added BSD/OS 2.1 port
9779 Contributors (appologies to any missed)
9780 * Kurt J. Lidl <lidl@va.pubnix.com>
9781 (missed in first run, but no less important)
9782 * Erich Stamberger <eberger@gewi.kfunigraz.ac.at>
9783 * Jason Wright <jason@shiloh.vnet.net>
9784 * Cees de Groot <C.deGroot@inter.NL.net>
9785 * ernst.molitor@uni-bonn.de
9786 * michael.siebenborn@ae3.Hypo.DE (Michael Siebenborn (6929))
9787 * Brian E. Gallew <geek+@cmu.edu>
9788 * Vadim B. Mikheev <vadim@sable.krasnoyarsk.su>
9789 * Adam Sussman <myddryn@vidya.com>
9790 * Chris Dunlop <chris@onthe.net.au>
9791 * Marc G. Fournier <scrappy@ki.net>
9792 * Dan McGuirk <mcguirk@indirect.com>
9793 * Dr_George_D_Detlefsen <drgeorge@ilt.com>
9794 * Erich Stamberger <eberger@gewi.kfunigraz.ac.at>
9795 * Massimo Dal Zotto <dz@cs.unitn.it>
9796 * Randy Kunkee <kunkee@Starbase.NeoSoft.COM>
9797 * Rick Weldon <rick@wisetech.com>
9798 * Thomas van Reimersdahl <reimersd@dali.techinfo.rwth-aachen.de>
9799 * david bennett <dave@bensoft.com>
9800 * ernst.molitor@uni-bonn.de
9801 * Julian Assange <proff@suburbia.net>
9802 * Bruce Momjian <pgman@candle.pha.pa.us>
9803 * Paul "Shag" Walmsley <ccshag@cclabs.missouri.edu>
9804 * "Alistair G. Crooks" <azcb0@sde.uts.amdahl.com>
9809 <sect1 id="release-1-01">
9810 <title>Release 1.01</title>
9813 <title>Release date</title>
9814 <simpara>1996-02-23</simpara>
9819 <title>Migration from version 1.0 to version 1.01</title>
9822 The following notes are for the benefit of users who want to migrate
9823 databases from <productname>Postgres95</> 1.0 to <productname>Postgres95</> 1.01.
9826 If you are starting afresh with <productname>Postgres95</> 1.01 and do not need
9827 to migrate old databases, you do not need to read any further.
9830 In order to <productname>Postgres95</> version 1.01 with databases created with
9831 <productname>Postgres95</> version 1.0, the following steps are required:
9836 Set the definition of <symbol>NAMEDATALEN</symbol> in <filename>src/Makefile.global</filename> to 16
9837 and <symbol>OIDNAMELEN</symbol> to 20.
9842 Decide whether you want to use Host based authentication.
9847 If you do, you must create a file name <literal>pg_hba</literal> in your top-level data
9848 directory (typically the value of your <envar>$PGDATA</envar>). <filename>src/libpq/pg_hba</filename>
9849 shows an example syntax.
9854 If you do not want host-based authentication, you can comment out
9859 in <filename>src/Makefile.global</filename>
9862 Note that host-based authentication is turned on by default, and if
9863 you do not take steps A or B above, the out-of-the-box 1.01 will
9864 not allow you to connect to 1.0 databases.
9872 Compile and install 1.01, but DO NOT do the <command>initdb</command> step.
9877 Before doing anything else, terminate your 1.0 postmaster, and
9878 backup your existing <envar>$PGDATA</envar> directory.
9883 Set your <envar>PGDATA</envar> environment variable to your 1.0 databases, but set up
9884 path up so that 1.01 binaries are being used.
9889 Modify the file <filename><envar>$PGDATA</envar>/PG_VERSION</filename> from 5.0 to 5.1
9894 Start up a new 1.01 postmaster
9899 Add the new built-in functions and operators of 1.01 to 1.0
9900 databases. This is done by running the new 1.01 server against
9901 your own 1.0 database and applying the queries attached and saving
9902 in the file 1.0_to_1.01.sql. This can be done easily through <command>psql</command>.
9903 If your 1.0 database is name <literal>testdb</literal>:
9906 % psql testdb -f 1.0_to_1.01.sql
9909 and then execute the following commands (cut and paste from here):
9912 -- add builtin functions that are new to 1.01
9914 create function int4eqoid (int4, oid) returns bool as 'foo'
9915 language 'internal';
9916 create function oideqint4 (oid, int4) returns bool as 'foo'
9917 language 'internal';
9918 create function char2icregexeq (char2, text) returns bool as 'foo'
9919 language 'internal';
9920 create function char2icregexne (char2, text) returns bool as 'foo'
9921 language 'internal';
9922 create function char4icregexeq (char4, text) returns bool as 'foo'
9923 language 'internal';
9924 create function char4icregexne (char4, text) returns bool as 'foo'
9925 language 'internal';
9926 create function char8icregexeq (char8, text) returns bool as 'foo'
9927 language 'internal';
9928 create function char8icregexne (char8, text) returns bool as 'foo'
9929 language 'internal';
9930 create function char16icregexeq (char16, text) returns bool as 'foo'
9931 language 'internal';
9932 create function char16icregexne (char16, text) returns bool as 'foo'
9933 language 'internal';
9934 create function texticregexeq (text, text) returns bool as 'foo'
9935 language 'internal';
9936 create function texticregexne (text, text) returns bool as 'foo'
9937 language 'internal';
9939 -- add builtin functions that are new to 1.01
9941 create operator = (leftarg = int4, rightarg = oid, procedure = int4eqoid);
9942 create operator = (leftarg = oid, rightarg = int4, procedure = oideqint4);
9943 create operator ~* (leftarg = char2, rightarg = text, procedure = char2icregexeq);
9944 create operator !~* (leftarg = char2, rightarg = text, procedure = char2icregexne);
9945 create operator ~* (leftarg = char4, rightarg = text, procedure = char4icregexeq);
9946 create operator !~* (leftarg = char4, rightarg = text, procedure = char4icregexne);
9947 create operator ~* (leftarg = char8, rightarg = text, procedure = char8icregexeq);
9948 create operator !~* (leftarg = char8, rightarg = text, procedure = char8icregexne);
9949 create operator ~* (leftarg = char16, rightarg = text, procedure = char16icregexeq);
9950 create operator !~* (leftarg = char16, rightarg = text, procedure = char16icregexne);
9951 create operator ~* (leftarg = text, rightarg = text, procedure = texticregexeq);
9952 create operator !~* (leftarg = text, rightarg = text, procedure = texticregexne);
9960 <title>Changes</title>
9965 * 1.01 is backwards compatible with 1.0 database provided the user
9966 follow the steps outlined in the MIGRATION_from_1.0_to_1.01 file.
9967 If those steps are not taken, 1.01 is not compatible with 1.0 database.
9970 * added PQdisplayTuples() to libpq and changed monitor and psql to use it
9971 * added NeXT port (requires SysVIPC implementation)
9972 * added CAST .. AS ... syntax
9973 * added ASC and DESC key words
9974 * added 'internal' as a possible language for CREATE FUNCTION
9975 internal functions are C functions which have been statically linked
9976 into the postgres backend.
9977 * a new type "name" has been added for system identifiers (table names,
9978 attribute names, etc.) This replaces the old char16 type. The
9979 of name is set by the NAMEDATALEN #define in src/Makefile.global
9980 * a readable reference manual that describes the query language.
9981 * added host-based access control. A configuration file ($PGDATA/pg_hba)
9982 is used to hold the configuration data. If host-based access control
9983 is not desired, comment out HBA=1 in src/Makefile.global.
9984 * changed regex handling to be uniform use of Henry Spencer's regex code
9985 regardless of platform. The regex code is included in the distribution
9986 * added functions and operators for case-insensitive regular expressions.
9987 The operators are ~* and !~*.
9988 * pg_dump uses COPY instead of SELECT loop for better performance
9991 * fixed an optimizer bug that was causing core dumps when
9992 functions calls were used in comparisons in the WHERE clause
9993 * changed all uses of getuid to geteuid so that effective uids are used
9994 * psql now returns non-zero status on errors when using -c
9995 * applied public patches 1-14
10001 <sect1 id="release-1-0">
10002 <title>Release 1.0</title>
10005 <title>Release date</title>
10006 <simpara>1995-09-05</simpara>
10010 <title>Changes</title>
10015 * The copyright of <productname>Postgres</productname> 1.0 has been loosened to be freely modifiable
10016 and modifiable for any purpose. Please read the COPYRIGHT file.
10017 Thanks to Professor Michael Stonebraker for making this possible.
10020 * date formats have to be MM-DD-YYYY (or DD-MM-YYYY if you're using
10021 EUROPEAN STYLE). This follows SQL-92 specs.
10022 * "delimiters" is now a key word
10025 * sql LIKE syntax has been added
10026 * copy command now takes an optional USING DELIMITER specification.
10027 delimiters can be any single-character string.
10028 * IRIX 5.3 port has been added.
10029 Thanks to Paul Walmsley and others.
10030 * updated pg_dump to work with new libpq
10031 * \d has been added psql
10032 Thanks to Keith Parks
10033 * regexp performance for architectures that use POSIX regex has been
10034 improved due to caching of precompiled patterns.
10035 Thanks to Alistair Crooks
10036 * a new version of libpq++
10037 Thanks to William Wanders
10040 * arbitrary userids can be specified in the createuser script
10041 * \c to connect to other databases in psql now works.
10042 * bad pg_proc entry for float4inc() is fixed
10043 * users with usecreatedb field set can now create databases without
10044 having to be usesuper
10045 * remove access control entries when the entry no longer has any
10047 * fixed non-portable datetimes implementation
10048 * added kerberos flags to the src/backend/Makefile
10049 * libpq now works with kerberos
10050 * typographic errors in the user manual have been corrected.
10051 * btrees with multiple index never worked, now we tell you they don't
10052 work when you try to use them
10058 <sect1 id="release-0-03">
10059 <title><productname>Postgres95</productname> Release 0.03</title>
10062 <title>Release date</title>
10063 <simpara>1995-07-21</simpara>
10067 <title>Changes</title>
10070 Incompatible changes:
10071 * BETA-0.3 IS INCOMPATIBLE WITH DATABASES CREATED WITH PREVIOUS VERSIONS
10072 (due to system catalog changes and indexing structure changes).
10073 * double-quote (") is deprecated as a quoting character for string literals;
10074 you need to convert them to single quotes ('). <!-- " -->
10075 * name of aggregates (eg. int4sum) are renamed in accordance with the
10076 SQL standard (eg. sum).
10077 * CHANGE ACL syntax is replaced by GRANT/REVOKE syntax.
10078 * float literals (eg. 3.14) are now of type float4 (instead of float8 in
10079 previous releases); you might have to do typecasting if you depend on it
10080 being of type float8. If you neglect to do the typecasting and you assign
10081 a float literal to a field of type float8, you may get incorrect values
10083 * LIBPQ has been totally revamped so that frontend applications
10084 can connect to multiple backends
10085 * the usesysid field in pg_user has been changed from int2 to int4 to
10086 allow wider range of Unix user ids.
10087 * the netbsd/freebsd/bsd o/s ports have been consolidated into a
10088 single BSD44_derived port. (thanks to Alistair Crooks)
10090 SQL standard-compliance (the following details changes that makes postgres95
10091 more compliant to the SQL-92 standard):
10092 * the following SQL types are now built-in: smallint, int(eger), float, real,
10093 char(N), varchar(N), date and time.
10095 The following are aliases to existing postgres types:
10096 smallint -> int2
10097 integer, int -> int4
10098 float, real -> float4
10099 char(N) and varchar(N) are implemented as truncated text types. In
10100 addition, char(N) does blank-padding.
10101 * single-quote (') is used for quoting string literals; '' (in addition to
10102 \') is supported as means of inserting a single quote in a string
10103 * SQL standard aggregate names (MAX, MIN, AVG, SUM, COUNT) are used
10104 (Also, aggregates can now be overloaded, i.e. you can define your
10105 own MAX aggregate to take in a user-defined type.)
10106 * CHANGE ACL removed. GRANT/REVOKE syntax added.
10107 - Privileges can be given to a group using the "GROUP" key word.
10109 GRANT SELECT ON foobar TO GROUP my_group;
10110 The key word 'PUBLIC' is also supported to mean all users.
10112 Privileges can only be granted or revoked to one user or group
10115 "WITH GRANT OPTION" is not supported. Only class owners can change
10117 - The default access control is to to grant users readonly access.
10118 You must explicitly grant insert/update access to users. To change
10119 this, modify the line in
10120 src/backend/utils/acl.h
10121 that defines ACL_WORLD_DEFAULT
10124 * the bug where aggregates of empty tables were not run has been fixed. Now,
10125 aggregates run on empty tables will return the initial conditions of the
10126 aggregates. Thus, COUNT of an empty table will now properly return 0.
10127 MAX/MIN of an empty table will return a row of value NULL.
10128 * allow the use of \; inside the monitor
10129 * the LISTEN/NOTIFY asynchronous notification mechanism now work
10130 * NOTIFY in rule action bodies now work
10131 * hash indexes work, and access methods in general should perform better.
10132 creation of large btree indexes should be much faster. (thanks to Paul
10135 Other changes and enhancements:
10136 * addition of an EXPLAIN statement used for explaining the query execution
10137 plan (eg. "EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM EMP" prints out the execution plan for
10139 * WARN and NOTICE messages no longer have timestamps on them. To turn on
10140 timestamps of error messages, uncomment the line in
10141 src/backend/utils/elog.h:
10142 /* define ELOG_TIMESTAMPS */
10143 * On an access control violation, the message
10144 "Either no such class or insufficient privilege"
10145 will be given. This is the same message that is returned when
10146 a class is not found. This dissuades non-privileged users from
10147 guessing the existence of privileged classes.
10148 * some additional system catalog changes have been made that are not
10149 visible to the user.
10152 * The -oid option has been added to the "pg_result" tcl command.
10153 pg_result -oid returns oid of the last row inserted. If the
10154 last command was not an INSERT, then pg_result -oid returns "".
10155 * the large object interface is available as pg_lo* tcl commands:
10156 pg_lo_open, pg_lo_close, pg_lo_creat, etc.
10158 Portability enhancements and New Ports:
10159 * flex/lex problems have been cleared up. Now, you should be able to use
10160 flex instead of lex on any platforms. We no longer make assumptions of
10161 what lexer you use based on the platform you use.
10162 * The Linux-ELF port is now supported. Various configuration have been
10163 tested: The following configuration is known to work:
10164 kernel 1.2.10, gcc 2.6.3, libc 4.7.2, flex 2.5.2, bison 1.24
10165 with everything in ELF format,
10168 * ipcclean added to the distribution
10169 ipcclean usually does not need to be run, but if your backend crashes
10170 and leaves shared memory segments hanging around, ipcclean will
10171 clean them up for you.
10174 * the user manual has been revised and libpq documentation added.
10180 <sect1 id="release-0-02">
10181 <title><productname>Postgres95</productname> Release 0.02</title>
10184 <title>Release date</title>
10185 <simpara>1995-05-25</simpara>
10189 <title>Changes</title>
10193 Incompatible changes:
10194 * The SQL statement for creating a database is 'CREATE DATABASE' instead
10195 of 'CREATEDB'. Similarly, dropping a database is 'DROP DATABASE' instead
10196 of 'DESTROYDB'. However, the names of the executables 'createdb' and
10197 'destroydb' remain the same.
10200 * pgperl - a Perl (4.036) interface to Postgres95
10201 * pg_dump - a utility for dumping out a postgres database into a
10202 script file containing query commands. The script files are in a ASCII
10203 format and can be used to reconstruct the database, even on other
10204 machines and other architectures. (Also good for converting
10205 a Postgres 4.2 database to Postgres95 database.)
10207 The following ports have been incorporated into postgres95-beta-0.02:
10208 * the NetBSD port by Alistair Crooks
10209 * the AIX port by Mike Tung
10210 * the Windows NT port by Jon Forrest (more stuff but not done yet)
10211 * the Linux ELF port by Brian Gallew
10213 The following bugs have been fixed in postgres95-beta-0.02:
10214 * new lines not escaped in COPY OUT and problem with COPY OUT when first
10216 * cannot type return to use the default user id in createuser
10217 * SELECT DISTINCT on big tables crashes
10218 * Linux installation problems
10219 * monitor doesn't allow use of 'localhost' as PGHOST
10220 * psql core dumps when doing \c or \l
10221 * the "pgtclsh" target missing from src/bin/pgtclsh/Makefile
10222 * libpgtcl has a hard-wired default port number
10223 * SELECT DISTINCT INTO TABLE hangs
10224 * CREATE TYPE doesn't accept 'variable' as the internallength
10225 * wrong result using more than 1 aggregate in a SELECT
10231 <sect1 id="release-0-01">
10232 <title><productname>Postgres95</productname> Release 0.01</title>
10235 <title>Release date</title>
10236 <simpara>1995-05-01</simpara>
10245 <sect1 id="timing-results">
10246 <title>Timing Results</title>
10249 These timing results are from running the regression test with the commands
10252 % cd src/test/regress
10254 % time make runtest
10258 Timing under Linux 2.0.27 seems to have a roughly 5% variation from run
10259 to run, presumably due to the scheduling vagaries of multitasking systems.
10263 <title>Version 6.5</title>
10266 As has been the case for previous releases, timing between
10267 releases is not directly comparable since new regression tests
10268 have been added. In general, 6.5 is faster than previous
10273 Timing with <function>fsync()</function> disabled:
10277 02:00 Dual Pentium Pro 180, 224MB, UW-SCSI, Linux 2.0.36, gcc 2.7.2.3 -O2 -m486
10278 04:38 Sparc Ultra 1 143MHz, 64MB, Solaris 2.6
10283 Timing with <function>fsync()</function> enabled:
10287 04:21 Dual Pentium Pro 180, 224MB, UW-SCSI, Linux 2.0.36, gcc 2.7.2.3 -O2 -m486
10290 For the <systemitem class="osname">Linux</systemitem> system above, using <acronym>UW-SCSI</acronym> disks rather than (older) <acronym>IDE</acronym>
10291 disks leads to a 50% improvement in speed on the regression test.
10296 <title>Version 6.4beta</title>
10299 The times for this release are not directly comparable to those for previous releases
10300 since some additional regression tests have been included.
10301 In general, however, 6.4 should be slightly faster than the previous release (thanks, Bruce!).
10306 02:26 Dual Pentium Pro 180, 96MB, UW-SCSI, Linux 2.0.30, gcc 2.7.2.1 -O2 -m486
10312 <title>Version 6.3</title>
10315 The times for this release are not directly comparable to those for previous releases
10316 since some additional regression tests have been included and some obsolete tests involving
10317 time travel have been removed.
10318 In general, however, 6.3 is substantially faster than previous releases (thanks, Bruce!).
10323 02:30 Dual Pentium Pro 180, 96MB, UW-SCSI, Linux 2.0.30, gcc 2.7.2.1 -O2 -m486
10324 04:12 Dual Pentium Pro 180, 96MB, EIDE, Linux 2.0.30, gcc 2.7.2.1 -O2 -m486
10330 <title>Version 6.1</title>
10335 06:12 Pentium Pro 180, 32MB, EIDE, Linux 2.0.30, gcc 2.7.2 -O2 -m486
10336 12:06 P-100, 48MB, Linux 2.0.29, gcc
10337 39:58 Sparc IPC 32MB, Solaris 2.5, gcc 2.7.2.1 -O -g
10345 <!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file
10350 sgml-minimize-attributes:nil
10351 sgml-always-quote-attributes:t
10354 sgml-parent-document:nil
10355 sgml-default-dtd-file:"./reference.ced"
10356 sgml-exposed-tags:nil
10357 sgml-local-catalogs:("/usr/lib/sgml/catalog")
10358 sgml-local-ecat-files:nil
projects / postgresql / blob