2 $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/release.sgml,v 1.236 2003/11/04 20:54:13 tgl Exp $
5 <appendix id="release">
6 <title>Release Notes</title>
8 <sect1 id="release-7-4">
9 <title>Release 7.4</title>
11 <sect2><title>Overview</title>
12 <para> Major changes in this release:
16 <listitem><para> IN/NOT IN subqueries are now much more efficient</para>
18 In previous releases, IN/NOT IN subqueries were joined to the
19 upper query by sequentially scanning the subquery looking for
20 a match. The 7.4 code uses the same sophisticated techniques
21 used by ordinary joins and so is much faster. An IN
22 will now usually be as fast as or faster than an equivalent EXISTS
23 subquery; this reverses the conventional wisdom that applied to
28 <listitem><para> Improved GROUP BY processing by using hash buckets</para>
30 In previous releases, rows to be grouped had to be sorted first.
31 The 7.4 code can do GROUP BY without sorting, by accumulating results
32 into a hash table with one entry per group. It will still use the sort
33 technique if the hash table is estimated to be too large to fit in
34 <varname>sort_mem</>, however.
38 <listitem><para> New multi-key hash join capability</para>
40 In previous releases, hash joins could only occur on single keys.
41 This release allows multi-column hash joins.
45 <listitem><para> ANSI joins are now better optimized</para>
47 Prior releases evaluated ANSI join syntax only in the order
48 implied by the syntax. 7.4 allows full optimization of
49 queries using ANSI join syntax, meaning the optimizer considers
50 all possible join orderings and chooses the most efficient.
51 Outer joins, however, must still follow the declared ordering.
55 <listitem><para> Faster and more powerful regular expression code
58 The entire regular expression module has been replaced with a new
59 version by Henry Spencer, originally written for TCL. The code
60 greatly improves performance and supports several flavors
61 of regular expressions.
65 <listitem><para> Function-inlining for simple SQL functions</para>
67 Simple SQL functions can now be inlined by including their SQL
68 in the main query. This improves performance by eliminating
69 per-call overhead --- that is, simple SQL functions now behave
74 <listitem><para> Full support for IPv6 connections and IPv6 address
77 Prior releases allowed only IPv4 connections, and the IP data types only
78 supported IPv4 addresses. This release adds full IPv6 support in
83 <listitem><para> Major improvements in SSL performance and
86 Several people very familiar with the SSL API have overhauled our
87 SSL code to improve SSL key negotiation and error recovery.
91 <listitem><para> Allow free space map to efficiently reuse empty index
92 pages, and other free space management improvements</para>
94 In prior releases, B-tree index pages that were left empty because of
95 deleted rows could only be reused by rows with index values similar
96 to the original rows indexed on that page. In 7.4, VACUUM records
97 empty index pages and allows them to be reused for any future index
102 <listitem><para>Implement SQL-standard information schema</para>
105 <listitem><para>Support read-only transactions </para>
108 <listitem><para>Make cursors comply more closely with the SQL standard
112 <listitem><para> Allow cursors to exist outside transactions,
113 also called holdable cursors
117 <listitem><para> New client-to-server protocol </para>
119 The new protocol adds error codes, more status information, faster
120 startup, better support for binary data transmission, parameter values
121 separated from SQL commands, prepared statements available at the
122 protocol level, and cleaner recovery from COPY failures.
123 The older protocol is still supported by both servers and clients.
127 <listitem><para> libpq and ecpg are now fully thread-safe with
128 --enable-thread-safety</para>
130 While prior libpq releases already supported threads, this release
131 improves thread safety by fixing some non-thread-safe code that
132 was used during database connection startup.
136 <listitem><para> New version of full text indexing in /contrib/tsearch2</para>
139 <listitem><para> New autovacuum tool in /contrib</para>
141 This new tool monitors the database statistics tables for
142 INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE activity and automatically vacuums tables when
147 <listitem><para> Array handling has been improved and moved into the main
150 Many array limitations have been removed and they behave more like
151 fully-supported data types.
154 </itemizedlist></para></sect2>
156 <sect2><title> Migration to version 7.4</title>
158 <para> A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application> is
159 required for those wishing to migrate data from any previous release.</para>
161 <para> Observe the following incompatibilities:
163 <listitem><para> The server-side autocommit setting was removed and reimplemented
164 in client applications and languages.</para>
166 Server-side autocommit was causing too many problems with
167 languages and applications that wanted to control their own
168 autocommit behavior, so autocommit was removed from the server
169 and added to individual client APIs as appropriate.
172 <listitem><para> Error message wording has changed substantially in this release,
173 and error codes have been added.</para>
175 Significant effort was invested to make the messages more
176 consistent and user-oriented.
179 <listitem><para> ANSI inner joins may behave differently because they are now better optimized</para></listitem>
180 <listitem><para> A number of server variables have been renamed for
181 clarity, primarily those related to logging</para></listitem>
182 <listitem><para> MOVE/FETCH 0 now does nothing</para>
184 In prior releases, FETCH 0 would fetch all remaining rows, and
185 MOVE 0 would move to the end of the cursor.
188 <listitem><para> MOVE/FETCH now returns the actual number of rows moved/fetched, or zero
189 if at the beginning/end of the cursor</para>
191 Prior releases would return the row count passed to the
192 command, not the actual number of rows FETCHed or MOVEd.
195 <listitem><para> COPY now can process files that use carriage-return or
196 carriage-return/line-feed end-of-line sequences.</para></listitem>
197 <listitem><para>Literal carriage-returns and line-feeds are no
198 longer accepted in data values; use \r and \n instead.</para></listitem>
199 <listitem><para> Trailing spaces are now trimmed when converting
200 from <type>CHAR(n)</type> to
201 <type>VARCHAR(n)</type> / <type>TEXT</type></para></listitem>
202 <listitem><para> <function>FLOAT(p)</function> now measures 'p' in bits, not digits</para></listitem>
203 <listitem><para> Ambiguous date values now must match the ordering specified by DateStyle</para>
205 In prior releases, a date of <literal>10/20/03</> was
206 interpreted as a date in October even if the
207 <varname>DateStyle</> specified the day should be first.
208 7.4 will throw an error if the date is invalid for the
209 current <varname>DateStyle</>.
212 <listitem><para> The <function>oidrand()</function>, <function>oidsrand()</function>,
213 and <function>userfntest()</function> functions have been removed.</para>
215 These functions were determined to be no longer useful.
218 <listitem><para> <literal>'now'</literal> will no longer work as a column default; <function>now()</> or
219 <function>CURRENT_TIMESTAMP</> should be used instead</para>
221 In prior releases, there was special code so the string
222 <literal>'now'</literal> was interpreted at
223 <command>INSERT</> time and not at table creation time, but
224 this work around didn't cover all cases. Release 7.4
225 now requires that defaults be defined properly using
226 <function>now()</> or
227 <function>CURRENT_TIMESTAMP</>. These will work in all
231 <listitem><para> <literal>'today'</literal> will no longer work as a column default; <function>CURRENT_DATE</>
232 should be used instead</para>
234 Same description as above.
237 <listitem><para> Dollar sign (<literal>$</>) is no longer allowed in operator names</para></listitem>
238 <listitem><para> Dollar sign (<literal>$</>) can be a non-first character in identifiers</para>
240 This was done to improve compatibility with other database
241 systems, and to avoid syntax problems when parameter placeholders
242 ($n) are written adjacent to operators.
245 </itemizedlist></para></sect2>
247 <sect2><title> Server Operation Changes</title>
249 <listitem><para>Allow IPv6 server connections (Nigel Kukard, Johan Jordaan, Bruce, Tom, Kurt
250 Roeckx, Andrew Dunstan)</para></listitem>
251 <listitem><para>Fix SSL to handle errors cleanly (Nathan Mueller)</para>
253 In prior releases, certain SSL API error reports were not
254 handled correctly. This release fixes those problems.
257 <listitem><para>SSL protocol security and performance improvements (Sean Chittenden)</para>
259 SSL key renegotiation was happening too frequently, causing poor SSL
260 performance. Also, initial key handling was improved.
263 <listitem><para>Print lock information when a deadlock is detected (Tom)</para>
265 This allows easier debugging of deadlock situations.
268 <listitem><para>Update <filename>/tmp</filename> socket modification times
269 regularly to avoid their removal (Tom)</para>
271 This should help prevent <filename>/tmp</filename> directory cleaner
272 administration scripts from removing server socket files.
275 <listitem><para>Enable PAM for Mac OS X (Aaron Hillegass)</para></listitem>
276 <listitem><para>Make btree indexes fully WAL-safe (Tom)</para>
278 In prior releases, under certain rare cases, a server crash could
279 cause btree indexes to become corrupt. This release removes those
283 <listitem><para>Allow btree index compaction and empty page reuse (Tom)</para></listitem>
284 <listitem><para>Fix inconsistent index lookups during split of first root page (Tom)</para>
286 In prior releases, when a single-page index split into two pages,
287 there was a brief period when another database session could miss
288 seeing an index entry. This release fixes that rare failure case.
291 <listitem><para>Improve free space map allocation logic (Tom)</para></listitem>
292 <listitem><para>Preserve free space information between postmaster restarts (Tom)</para>
294 In prior releases, the free space map was not saved when the
295 postmaster was stopped, so newly started servers had no free space
296 information. This release saves the free space map, and reloads it
297 when the server is restarted.
300 <listitem><para>Set proper schema permissions in initdb (Peter)</para></listitem>
301 <listitem><para>Add start time to pg_stat_activity (Neil)</para></listitem>
302 <listitem><para>New code to detect corrupt disk pages; erase with zero_damaged_pages (Tom)</para></listitem>
303 <listitem><para>New client/server protocol: faster, no username length limit, allow
304 clean exit from COPY (Tom)</para></listitem>
305 <listitem><para>Add transaction status, tableid, columnid to backend protocol (Tom)</para></listitem>
306 <listitem><para>Add new binary I/O protocol (Tom)</para></listitem>
307 <listitem><para>Remove autocommit server setting; move to client applications (Tom)</para></listitem>
308 <listitem><para>New error message wording, error codes, and three levels of
309 error detail (Tom, Joe, Peter)</para></listitem>
310 </itemizedlist></sect2>
312 <sect2><title>Performance Changes</title>
316 <listitem><para>Add hashing for GROUP BY aggregates (Tom)</para></listitem>
317 <listitem><para>Allow nested loops to be smarter about multicolumn indexes (Tom)</para></listitem>
318 <listitem><para>Allow multi-key hash joins (Tom)</para></listitem>
319 <listitem><para>Improve constant folding (Tom)</para></listitem>
320 <listitem><para>Add ability to inline simple SQL functions (Tom)</para></listitem>
321 <listitem><para>Reduce memory usage for queries using complex functions (Tom)</para>
323 In prior releases, functions returning allocated memory would
324 not free it until the query completed. This release allows the
325 freeing of function-allocated memory when the function call
326 completes, reducing the total memory used by functions.
329 <listitem><para>Improve GEQO optimizer performance (Tom)</para>
331 There were several inefficiencies in the way the GEQO optimizer
332 managed potential query paths. This release fixes this.
335 <listitem><para>Allow IN/NOT IN to be handled via hash tables (Tom)</para></listitem>
336 <listitem><para>Improve NOT IN (subquery) performance (Tom)</para></listitem>
337 <listitem><para>Allow most IN subqueries to be processed as joins (Tom)</para></listitem>
338 <listitem><para>Allow the postmaster to preload libraries using preload_libraries (Joe)</para>
340 For shared libraries that require a long time to load, this option
341 is available so the library can be pre-loaded in the postmaster and
342 inherited by all database sessions.
345 <listitem><para>Improve optimizer cost computations, particularly for subqueries (Tom)</para></listitem>
346 <listitem><para>Avoid sort when subquery ORDER BY matches upper query (Tom)</para></listitem>
347 <listitem><para>Deduce that WHERE a.x = b.y and b.y = 42 also means a.x = 42 (Tom)</para></listitem>
348 <listitem><para>Allow hash/merge joins on complex joins (Tom)</para></listitem>
349 <listitem><para>Allow hash joins for more data types (Tom)</para></listitem>
350 <listitem><para>Allow join optimization of ANSI inner joins, disable with join_collapse_limit (Tom)</para></listitem>
351 <listitem><para>Add from_collapse_limit to control conversion of subqueries to joins (Tom)</para></listitem>
352 <listitem><para>Use faster and more powerful regular expression code from TCL (Henry Spencer, Tom)</para></listitem>
353 <listitem><para>Use bit-mapped relation sets in the optimizer (Tom)</para></listitem>
354 <listitem><para>Improve backend startup time (Tom)</para>
356 The new client/server protocol requires fewer network packets to start a
360 <listitem><para>Improve trigger/constraint performance (Stephan)</para></listitem>
361 <listitem><para>Improve speed of col IN (const, const, const, ...) (Tom)</para></listitem>
362 <listitem><para>Fix hash indexes which were broken in rare cases (Tom)</para></listitem>
363 <listitem><para>Improve hash index concurrency and speed (Tom)</para>
365 Prior releases suffered from poor hash index performance,
366 particularly for high concurrency situations. This release fixes
367 that, and the development group is interested in reports comparing
368 btree and hash index performance.
371 <listitem><para>Align shared buffers on 32-byte boundary for copy speed improvement (Manfred Spraul)</para>
373 Certain CPU's perform faster data copies when addresses are 32-byte
377 <listitem><para>The NUMERIC datatype has been reimplemented for better performance (Tom)</para>
379 NUMERIC used to be stored in base-100. The new code uses base-10000,
380 for significantly better performance.
383 </itemizedlist></sect2>
385 <sect2><title>Server Configuration Changes</title>
388 <listitem><para>Rename server parameter server_min_messages to log_min_messages (Bruce)</para>
390 This was done so most parameters that control the server logs begin
391 with <literal>log_</>.
394 <listitem><para>Rename show_*_stats to log_*_stats (Bruce)</para></listitem>
395 <listitem><para>Rename show_source_port to log_source_port (Bruce)</para></listitem>
396 <listitem><para>Rename hostname_lookup to log_hostname (Bruce)</para></listitem>
397 <listitem><para>Add checkpoint_warning to warn of excessive checkpointing (Bruce)</para>
399 In prior releases, it was difficult to determine if checkpoint was
400 happening too frequently. This feature adds a warning to the server
401 logs when excessive checkpointing happens.
404 <listitem><para>New read-only server parameters for localization (Tom)</para></listitem>
405 <listitem><para>Change debug server log messages to output as DEBUG rather than LOG (Bruce)</para></listitem>
406 <listitem><para>Prevent server log variables from being turned off by non-super users (Bruce)</para>
408 This is a security feature so non-super-users can't disable logging
409 that was enabled by the administrator.
412 <listitem><para>log_min_messages/client_min_messages now controls debug_* output (Bruce)</para>
414 This centralizes client debug information so all debug output can
415 be sent to either the client or server logs.
418 <listitem><para>Add Mac OS X Rendezvous server support (Chris Campbell)</para>
420 This allows Mac OS X machines to query the network for available
424 <listitem><para>Add ability to print only slow statements using log_min_duration_statement
427 This is an often requested debugging feature that allows administrators to
428 see only slow queries in their server logs.
431 <listitem><para>Allow pg_hba.conf to accept netmasks in CIDR format (Andrew Dunstan)</para>
433 This allows administrators to merge the host IP address and netmask
434 fields into a single CIDR field in pg_hba.conf.
437 <listitem><para>New is_superuser read-only variable (Tom)</para></listitem>
438 <listitem><para>New server-side parameter log_error_verbosity to control error detail (Tom)</para>
440 This works with the new error reporting feature to supply additional
441 error information like hints, file names and line numbers.
444 <listitem><para>postgres --describe-config now dumps server config variables (Aizaz Ahmed, Peter)</para>
446 This option is useful for administration tools that need to know the
447 configuration variable names and their minimums, maximums, defaults,
451 <listitem><para>Add new columns in pg_settings: context, type, source, min_val, max_val (Joe)</para></listitem>
452 <listitem><para>Make default shared_buffers 1000 and max_connections 100, if possible (Tom)</para>
454 Prior versions defaulted to 64 shared buffers so PostgreSQL would
455 start on even very old systems. This release tests the amount of shared
456 memory allowed by the platform and selects more reasonable default values
457 if possible. Of course, users are still encouraged to evaluate their
458 resource load and size shared_buffers accordingly.
461 <listitem><para>New pg_hba.conf 'hostnossl' to prevent SSL connections (Jon Jensen)</para>
463 In prior releases, there was no way to prevent SSL connections if
464 both the client and server supported SSL. This option allows that
468 <listitem><para>Remove geqo_random_seed server parameter (Tom)</para></listitem>
469 </itemizedlist></sect2>
471 <sect2><title>Query Changes</title>
474 <listitem><para>New SQL-standard information schema (Peter)</para>
476 <listitem><para>Add read-only transactions (Peter)</para></listitem>
477 <listitem><para>Add server variable regex_flavor to control regular expression
478 processing (Tom)</para></listitem>
479 <listitem><para>Print key name and value in foreign-key violation messages (Dmitry Tkach)</para></listitem>
480 <listitem><para>Allow users to see their own queries in pg_stat_activity (Kevin Brown)</para>
482 In prior releases, only the super-user could see query strings using
483 pg_stat_activity. Now ordinary users can see their own query
487 <listitem><para>Fix aggregates in subqueries to match SQL spec (Tom)</para>
489 The SQL spec says that an aggregate function appearing within a nested
490 subquery belongs to the outer query if its argument contains only
491 outer-query variables. Prior PG releases did not handle this fine point
495 <listitem><para>Add option to prevent auto-addition of tables referenced in query (Nigel J.
498 By default, tables mentioned in the query are automatically added
499 to the FROM clause if they are not already there. This is compatible with
500 historic Postgres behavior but is contrary to the SQL spec.
501 This option allows selecting spec-compatible behavior.
504 <listitem><para>Allow UPDATE ... SET col = DEFAULT (Rod)</para>
506 This allows UPDATE to set a column to its declared default value.
509 <listitem><para>Allow expressions to be used in LIMIT/OFFSET (Tom)</para>
511 In prior releases, LIMIT/OFFSET could only use constants, not
515 <listitem><para>Change EXECUTE INTO to CREATE TABLE AS EXECUTE (Peter)</para>
520 </itemizedlist></sect2>
522 <sect2><title>Object Manipulation Changes</title>
525 <listitem><para>Make CREATE SEQUENCE grammar more SQL1999 standards compliant (Neil)</para>
530 <listitem><para>Add FOR EACH STATEMENT statement-level triggers (Neil)</para>
532 While this allows a trigger to fire at the end of a statement, it
533 does not allow the trigger to access all rows modified by the
534 query. This capability is planned for a future release.
537 <listitem><para>Add DOMAIN CHECK constraints (Rod)</para>
539 This greatly increases the usefulness of domains by allowing them to
540 use CHECK constraints.
543 <listitem><para>Add ALTER DOMAIN .. SET / DROP NOT NULL, SET / DROP DEFAULT, ADD / DROP
544 CONSTRAINT (Rod) </para>
546 This allows manipulation of existing domains.
549 <listitem><para>Fix several zero-column table bugs (Tom)</para>
551 PostgreSQL supports zero-column tables. This fixes various bugs
552 that occur when using such tables.
555 <listitem><para>Have ALTER TABLE ... ADD PRIMARY KEY add NOT NULL constraint (Rod)</para>
557 In prior releases, ALTER TABLE ADD PRIMARY would add a unique index,
558 but not a NOT NULL constraint. That is fixed in this release.
561 <listitem><para>Add ALTER DOMAIN OWNER (Rod)</para></listitem>
562 <listitem><para>Add ALTER TABLE ... WITHOUT OIDS (Rod)</para>
564 This allows control over whether new and updated rows will have an
565 oid column. This is most useful for saving storage space.
568 <listitem><para>Add ALTER SEQUENCE to modify min/max/increment/cache/cycle values (Rod)</para></listitem>
569 <listitem><para>Add ALTER TABLE ... CLUSTER ON (Alvaro Herrera)</para>
571 This command is used by pg_dump to record the CLUSTER column
572 for each table previously clustered. This information is used by database-wide
573 cluster to cluster all previously clustered tables.
576 <listitem><para>Improve DOMAIN automatic type casting (Rod, Tom)</para></listitem>
577 <listitem><para>Allow dollar signs in identifiers, except as first character (Tom)</para></listitem>
578 <listitem><para>Disallow dollar signs in operator names, so x=$1 works (Tom)</para></listitem>
579 <listitem><para>Allow SQL200X inheritance syntax LIKE <emphasis>subtable</emphasis>, INCLUDING DEFAULTS (Rod)</para></listitem>
580 <listitem><para>Add WITH GRANT OPTION clause to GRANT, per SQL spec (Peter)</para>
582 Allow GRANT to give other users the ability to grant permissions on
586 </itemizedlist></sect2>
588 <sect2><title>Utility Command Changes</title>
590 <listitem><para>Add ON COMMIT clause to CREATE TABLE for temp tables (Gavin)</para>
592 This adds the ability for a table to be dropped or all rows deleted
593 on transaction commit.
596 <listitem><para>Allow cursors outside transactions using WITH HOLD (Neil)</para>
598 In previous releases, cursors were removed at the end of the
599 transaction. Using WITH HOLD, the current release allows cursors
600 to remain readable after the creating transaction.
603 <listitem><para>MOVE/FETCH 0 now does nothing (Bruce)</para>
605 In previous releases, MOVE 0 moved to the end of the cursor, and
606 FETCH 0 fetched all remaining rows.
609 <listitem><para>Cause MOVE/FETCH to return the number of rows moved/fetched, or zero if at the beginning/end of cursor,
610 per SQL spec (Bruce)</para>
612 In prior releases, the row count returned by MOVE and FETCH did
613 not accurately reflect the number of rows processed.
616 <listitem><para>Properly handle SCROLL with cursors, or report an error (Neil)</para>
618 Certain cursors can not be fetched backwards optimally. By specifying SCROLL,
619 extra work will be performed to guarantee that the cursor can be
620 fetched in reverse or random order.
623 <listitem><para>Implement SQL92-compatible FIRST, LAST, ABSOLUTE n, RELATIVE n options
624 for FETCH and MOVE (Tom)</para></listitem>
625 <listitem><para>Allow EXPLAIN on DECLARE CURSOR (Tom)</para>
627 Prior versions would not allow EXPLAIN on a DECLARE statement.
630 <listitem><para>Allow CLUSTER to use index marked as pre-clustered by default (Alvaro Herrera)</para></listitem>
631 <listitem><para>Allow CLUSTER to cluster all tables (Alvaro Herrera)</para>
633 This allows all previously clustered tables in a database to be
634 reclustered with a single command.
637 <listitem><para>Prevent CLUSTER on partial indexes (Tom)</para></listitem>
638 <listitem><para>Allow \r and \r\n termination for COPY files (Bruce)</para></listitem>
639 <listitem><para>Disallow literal carriage return as a data value, backslash-carriage-return
640 and \r are still allowed (Bruce)</para></listitem>
641 <listitem><para>COPY changes (binary, \.)? (Tom)</para></listitem>
642 <listitem><para>Recover from COPY IN/OUT failure cleanly (Tom)</para></listitem>
643 <listitem><para>Prevent possible memory leaks in COPY (Tom)</para></listitem>
644 <listitem><para>Make TRUNCATE transaction-safe (Rod)</para>
646 Truncate can now be used inside a transaction, and rolled back if
647 the transaction aborts.
650 <listitem><para>Multiple pg_dump fixes, including tar format and large objects</para></listitem>
651 <listitem><para>Allow pg_dump to dump specific schemas (Neil)</para></listitem>
652 <listitem><para>Allow pg_dump to preserve column storage characteristics (Christopher)</para>
654 This preserves ALTER TABLE ... SET STORAGE information.
657 <listitem><para>Allow pg_dump to preserve CLUSTER characteristics (Christopher)</para></listitem>
658 <listitem><para>Have pg_dumpall use GRANT/REVOKE to dump database-level permissions (Tom)</para></listitem>
659 <listitem><para>Allow pg_dumpall to support the -a, -s, -x options of pg_dump (Tom)</para></listitem>
660 <listitem><para>Prevent pg_dump from lowercasing identifiers specified on the command line (Tom)</para></listitem>
661 <listitem><para>Allow PREPARE/bind of utility commands like FETCH and EXPLAIN (Tom)</para></listitem>
662 <listitem><para>Add EXPLAIN EXECUTE (Neil)</para></listitem>
663 <listitem><para>Allow pg_get_constraintdef() to support UNIQUE, PRIMARY KEY and
664 CHECK constraints (Christopher)</para></listitem>
665 <listitem><para>Improve VACUUM performance on indexes by reducing WAL traffic (Tom)</para></listitem>
666 <listitem><para>Allow pg_ctl to better handle non-standard ports (Greg)</para></listitem>
667 <listitem><para>Functional indexes have been generalized into expressional indexes (Tom)</para>
669 In prior releases, functional indexes only supported a simple function
670 applied to one or more column names.
671 This release allows any type of scalar expression.
674 <listitem><para>Have SHOW TRANSACTION_ISOLATION match input to SET TRANSACTION_ISOLATION (Tom)</para></listitem>
675 <listitem><para>Have COMMENT ON DATABASE on non-local database generate a warning (Rod)</para>
677 Database comments are stored in database-local tables so comments on
678 a database have to be stored in each database.
681 <listitem><para>Improve reliability of LISTEN/NOTIFY (Tom)</para></listitem>
682 <listitem><para>Allow REINDEX to reliably reindex non-shared system catalog indexes (Tom)</para>
684 This allows system tables to be reindexed without the requirement of
685 a standalone backend, which was necessary in previous releases. The
686 only tables that now require a standalone backend for reindex are
687 the global system tables pg_database, pg_shadow, and pg_group.
690 <listitem><para>pg_dump --use-set-session-authorization and --no-reconnect now do nothing,
691 all dumps use SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION </para>
693 pg_dump no longer reconnects to switch users, but instead always uses
694 SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION. This should reduce password prompting
698 <listitem><para>Long options for <application>pg_dump</application> are now available on all platforms</para>
700 We now include our own long option processing routines.
703 </itemizedlist></sect2>
706 <sect2><title>Data Type and Function Changes</title>
708 <listitem><para>New extra_float_digits server parameter to control float precision display
709 (Pedro Ferreira, Tom) </para>
711 This controls output precision which was causing regression
715 <listitem><para>Allow +1300 as a numeric timezone specifier, for FJST (Tom)</para></listitem>
716 <listitem><para>Remove rarely used oidrand(), oidsrand(), and userfntest() functions (Neil)</para></listitem>
717 <listitem><para>Add md5() function to main server, already in /contrib/pgcrypto (Joe)</para>
719 An md5 function was frequently requested. For more complex
720 encryption capabilities, use /contrib/pgcrypto.
723 <listitem><para>Increase date range of timestamp (John Cochran)</para>
728 <listitem><para>Change EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM timestamp) so timestamp without time zone
729 is assumed to be in local time, not GMT (Tom)</para></listitem>
730 <listitem><para>Trap division by zero in case the operating system doesn't prevent it (Tom)</para></listitem>
731 <listitem><para>Change the NUMERIC data type internally to base 10000 (Tom)</para></listitem>
732 <listitem><para>New hostmask() function (Greg Wickham)</para></listitem>
733 <listitem><para>Fixes for to_char() and to_timestamp() (Karel)</para></listitem>
734 <listitem><para>Allow functions that can take any argument data type and return
735 any data type, using ANYELEMENT and ANYARRAY (Joe) </para>
737 This allows the creation of functions that can work with any data
741 <listitem><para>Arrays may now be specified as ARRAY[1,2,3], ARRAY[['a','b'],['c','d']],
742 or ARRAY[ARRAY[ARRAY[2]]] (Joe)</para></listitem>
743 <listitem><para>Allow proper comparisons for arrays, including ORDER BY and
744 DISTINCT support (Joe)</para></listitem>
745 <listitem><para>Allow indexes on array columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
746 <listitem><para>Allow array concatenation with '||' (Joe)</para></listitem>
747 <listitem><para>Allow WHERE qualification 'expr <oper> ANY/SOME/ALL (array-expr)' (Joe)</para>
749 This allows arrays to behave like a list of values, for purposes like
750 SELECT * FROM tab WHERE col IN array_val
753 <listitem><para>New array functions array_append(), array_cat(), array_lower(),
754 array_prepend(), array_to_string(), array_upper(), string_to_array() (Joe)</para></listitem>
755 <listitem><para>Allow user defined aggregates to use polymorphic functions (Joe)</para></listitem>
756 <listitem><para>Allow assignments to empty arrays (Joe)</para></listitem>
757 <listitem><para>Allow 60 in seconds fields of timestamp, time, interval input values (Tom)</para>
759 Sixty-second values are needed for leap seconds.
762 <listitem><para>Allow CIDR data type to be cast to text (Tom)</para></listitem>
763 <listitem><para>Allow the creation of special LIKE indexes for non-C locales (Peter)</para>
765 There is no way for non-ASCII locales to use indexes for LIKE
766 comparisons. However, this release adds a way to create a special
767 index for LIKE. bjm ??
770 <listitem><para>Disallow invalid timezone names (Tom)</para></listitem>
771 <listitem><para>Trim trailing spaces when CHAR() is cast to VARCHAR or TEXT (Tom)</para></listitem>
772 <listitem><para>Make FLOAT(p) measure the precision p in bits, not decimal digits (Tom)</para></listitem>
773 <listitem><para>Add IPv6 support to the inet and cidr data types (Michael Graff)</para></listitem>
774 <listitem><para>Add family() function to report whether address is IPv4 or IPv6 (Michael Graff)</para></listitem>
775 <listitem><para>Have SHOW DATESTYLE generate output similar to that used by SET DATESTYLE (Tom)</para></listitem>
776 <listitem><para>Make EXTRACT(TIMEZONE) and SET/SHOW TIMEZONE follow the SQL convention
777 for the sign of timezone offsets, ie, positive is east from UTC (Tom)</para></listitem>
778 <listitem><para>Fix date_trunc('quarter',...) (B?jthe Zolt?n)</para>
780 Prior releases returned an incorrect value for this function call.
783 <listitem><para>Make initcap() more compatible with Oracle (Mike Nolan)</para>
785 initcap() now uppercases a letter appearing after any non-alphanumeric
786 character, rather than only after whitespace.
789 <listitem><para>Allow only DateStyle field order for date values not in ISO format (Greg)</para></listitem>
790 <listitem><para>Add new DateStyle values MDY, DMY, and YMD; honor US and European for
791 backward compatibility (Tom)</para></listitem>
792 <listitem><para>'now' will no longer work as a column default, use now() (change required for
793 prepared statements) (Tom)</para></listitem>
794 <listitem><para>Treat NaN as larger than any other value in MIN()/MAX() (Tom)</para>
796 NaN was already sorted after ordinary numeric values for most purposes,
797 but MIN() and MAX() didn't get this right.
800 <listitem><para>Prevent interval from suppressing ':00' seconds display</para></listitem>
801 <listitem><para>New pg_get_triggerdef(prettyprint) and pg_constraint_is_visible() functions</para></listitem>
802 <listitem><para>Allow time to be specified as '040506' or '0405' (Tom)</para></listitem>
803 </itemizedlist></sect2>
805 <sect2><title>Server-side Language Changes</title>
808 <listitem><para>Prevent PL/pgSQL crash when RETURN NEXT is used on a
809 zero-row record variable (Tom)</para></listitem>
810 <listitem><para>Make PL/python's spi_execute interface handle NULLs properly (Andrew Bosma)</para></listitem>
811 <listitem><para>Allow PL/pgSQL to declare variables of composite types without %ROWTYPE (Tom)</para></listitem>
812 <listitem><para>Fix PL/python _quote() function to handle big integers (?)</para></listitem>
813 <listitem><para>Make PL/python an untrusted language, now called plpythonu (Kevin Jacobs, Tom)</para>
815 The Python language no longer supports a restricted execution
816 environment, so we removed the trusted version of PL/python. If this
817 situation changes, we will re-add a version of PL/python that can be
818 used by non-super users.
821 <listitem><para>Allow polymorphic PL/pgSQL functions (Tom, Joe)</para></listitem>
822 <listitem><para>Allow polymorphic SQL functions (Joe)</para>
827 <listitem><para>Improved compiled function caching mechanism in PL/pgSQL with full
828 support for polymorphism (Joe)</para></listitem>
829 <listitem><para>Add new $0 parameter in PL/pgSQL representing the function's actual
830 return type (Joe)</para></listitem>
831 <listitem><para>Allow pltcl and plpython to use the same trigger on multiple tables (Tom)</para></listitem>
832 <listitem><para>Fixed PL/Tcl's spi_prepare to accept full qualified type names in
833 the parameter type list (Jan)</para></listitem>
834 </itemizedlist></sect2>
836 <sect2><title>Psql Changes</title>
839 <listitem><para>Add "\pset pager always" to always use pager (Greg)</para>
841 This forces the pager to be used even if the number of rows is less
842 than the screen height --- this is valuable for rows that wrap
843 across several screen rows.
846 <listitem><para>Improve tab completion (Rod, Ross Reedstrom, Ian Barwick)</para></listitem>
847 <listitem><para>Reorder \? help into groupings (Harald Armin Massa, Bruce)</para></listitem>
848 <listitem><para>Add backslash commands for listing schemas, casts, and conversions (Christopher)</para></listitem>
849 <listitem><para>\encoding now changes based on the client_encoding server variable (Tom)</para>
851 In previous versions, \encoding was not aware of encoding changes
852 made using SET CLIENT_ENCODING.
855 <listitem><para>Save edit history into readline history (Ross)</para>
857 When \e is used to edit a query, the result is saved in the readline
858 history for retrieval using the up arrow.
861 <listitem><para>Improve \d display (Christopher)</para></listitem>
862 <listitem><para>Enhance HTML mode to be more standards-compliant (Greg)</para></listitem>
863 <listitem><para>New '\set AUTOCOMMIT off' capability (Tom)</para>
865 This takes the place of the removed server variable 'autocommit'.
868 <listitem><para>New '\set VERBOSITY' to control error detail (Tom)</para>
870 This controls the new error reporting details.
873 <listitem><para>New %T prompt string to show transaction status (Tom)</para></listitem>
874 <listitem><para>Long options for <application>psql</application> are now available on all platforms</para></listitem>
875 </itemizedlist></sect2>
877 <sect2><title>Libpq Changes</title>
880 <listitem><para>Allow PQcmdTuples() to return row counts for MOVE and FETCH (Neil)</para></listitem>
881 <listitem><para>Add PQfreemem() for freeing memory on Win32, suggest for NOTIFY (Bruce)</para>
883 Win32 requires that memory allocated in a library be freed by a
884 function in the same library, hence free() doesn't work for freeing
885 memory allocated by libpq. PQfreemem() is the proper way to free
886 libpq memory, especially on Win32, and is recommended for other
890 <listitem><para>Document service capability, and add sample file (Bruce)</para>
892 This allows clients to look up connection information in a central
893 file on the client machine.
896 <listitem><para>Make PQsetdbLogin() have the same defaults as PQconnectdb() (Tom)</para></listitem>
897 <listitem><para>Allow libpq to cleanly fail when result sets are too large (Tom)</para></listitem>
898 <listitem><para>Improve performance of PGunescapeBytea() (Ben Lamb)</para></listitem>
899 <listitem><para>Allow thread-safe libpq with --enable-thread-safety (Lee Kindness, Philip Yarra)</para></listitem>
900 <listitem><para>Allow pqInternalNotice() to accept a format string and args instead of
901 just a preformatted message (Tom, Sean Chittenden)</para></listitem>
902 <listitem><para>Control SSL negotiation with sslmode values "disable", "allow",
903 "prefer", and "require" (Jon Jensen)</para></listitem>
904 <listitem><para>Allow new error codes and levels of text (Tom)</para></listitem>
905 <listitem><para>Allow access to the underlying table and column of a query result (Tom)</para>
907 This is helpful for query-builder applications that want to know the
908 underlying table and column names associated with a specific result
912 <listitem><para>Allow access to the current transaction status (Tom)</para></listitem>
913 <listitem><para>Add ability to pass binary data directly to the backend (Tom)</para></listitem>
914 <listitem><para>Add PQexecPrepared() and PQsendQueryPrepared() functions which
915 perform Bind/Execute of previously prepared statements (Tom)</para></listitem>
916 </itemizedlist></sect2>
918 <sect2><title>JDBC Changes</title>
921 <listitem><para>Allow setNull on updateable resultsets</para></listitem>
922 <listitem><para>Allow executeBatch on a prepared statement (Barry)</para></listitem>
923 <listitem><para>Support SSL connections (Barry)</para></listitem>
924 <listitem><para>Handle schema names in result sets (Paul Sorenson)</para></listitem>
925 <listitem><para>Add refcursor support (Nic Ferrier)</para></listitem>
926 </itemizedlist></sect2>
928 <sect2><title>Miscellaneous Interface Changes</title>
930 <listitem><para>Prevent possible memory leak or core dump during libpgtcl shutdown (Tom)</para></listitem>
931 <listitem><para>Add ecpg Informix compatibility (Michael)</para>
933 This allows ecpg to process embedded C programs that were written
934 using certain Informix extensions.
937 <listitem><para>Add ecpg DECIMAL type that is fixed length, for Informix (Michael)</para></listitem>
938 <listitem><para>Allow thread-safe ecpg with --enable-thread-safety (Lee Kindness, Bruce)</para>
940 This allows multiple ecpg threads to access the database at the same
944 <listitem><para>Move python client interface to http://www.pygresql.org (Marc)</para></listitem>
945 </itemizedlist></sect2>
947 <sect2><title>Source Code Changes</title>
951 <listitem><para>Prevent need for separate platform geometry regression result files (Tom)</para></listitem>
952 <listitem><para>Improved PPC locking primitive (Reinhard Max)</para></listitem>
953 <listitem><para>Embed LD_LIBRARY_PATH used for build process into binaries (Billy)</para></listitem>
954 <listitem><para>New palloc0 function to allocate and clear memory (Bruce)</para></listitem>
955 <listitem><para>Fix locking code for s390x CPU (64-bit) (Tom)</para></listitem>
956 <listitem><para>Allow OpenBSD to use local ident credentials (William Ahern)</para></listitem>
957 <listitem><para>Make query plan trees read-only to executor (Tom)</para></listitem>
958 <listitem><para>Add Darwin startup scripts (David Wheeler)</para></listitem>
959 <listitem><para>Allow libpq to compile with Borland C++ compiler (Lester Godwin, Karl Waclawek)</para></listitem>
960 <listitem><para>Use our own version of getopt_long() if needed (Peter)</para></listitem>
961 <listitem><para>Convert administration scripts to C (Peter)</para></listitem>
962 <listitem><para>Bison >= 1.85 is now required to build the PostgreSQL grammar, if building from CVS</para></listitem>
963 <listitem><para>Merge documentation into one book (Peter)</para></listitem>
964 <listitem><para>Add Win32 compatibility functions (Bruce)</para></listitem>
965 <listitem><para>Allow client interfaces to compile under MinGW/Win32 (Bruce)</para></listitem>
966 <listitem><para>New ereport() function for error reporting (Tom)</para></listitem>
967 <listitem><para>Support Intel Linux compiler (Peter)</para></listitem>
968 <listitem><para>Improve Linux startup scripts (Slawomir Sudnik, Darko Prenosil)</para></listitem>
969 <listitem><para>Add support for AMD Opteron and Itanium (Jeffrey W. Baker, Bruce)</para></listitem>
970 <listitem><para>Remove --enable-recode option to configure</para>
972 This was no longer needed now that we have CREATE CONVERSION.
975 <listitem><para>Generate a compile error if spinlock code is not found (Bruce)</para>
977 Platforms without spinlock code will now fail to compile, rather
978 than silently using semaphores. This failure can be disabled with a
979 new configure option.
982 </itemizedlist></sect2>
984 <sect2><title>Contrib Changes</title>
987 <listitem><para>Change dbmirror license to BSD</para></listitem>
988 <listitem><para>Improve earthdistance (Bruno Wolff III)</para></listitem>
989 <listitem><para>Portability improvements to pgcrypto (Marko Kreen)</para></listitem>
990 <listitem><para>Prevent xml crash (John Gray, Michael Richards)</para></listitem>
991 <listitem><para>Update oracle</para></listitem>
992 <listitem><para>Update mysql</para></listitem>
993 <listitem><para>Update cube (Bruno Wolff III)</para></listitem>
994 <listitem><para>Update earthdistance to use cube (Bruno Wolff III)</para></listitem>
995 <listitem><para>Update btree_gist (Oleg)</para></listitem>
996 <listitem><para>New tsearch2 full-text search module (Oleg, Teodor)</para></listitem>
997 <listitem><para>Add hashed based crosstab function to tablefuncs (Joe)</para></listitem>
998 <listitem><para>Add serial column to order connectby() siblings in tablefuncs (Nabil Sayegh,Joe)</para></listitem>
999 <listitem><para>Add named persistent connections to dblink (Shridhar Daithanka)</para></listitem>
1000 <listitem><para>New pg_autovacuum allows automatic VACUUM (Matthew T. O'Connor)</para></listitem>
1001 <listitem><para>Allow pgbench to honor PGHOST, PGPORT, PGUSER env. variables (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
1002 <listitem><para>Improve intarray (Teodor Sigaev)</para></listitem>
1003 <listitem><para>Improve pgstattuple (Rod)</para></listitem>
1004 <listitem><para>Fix bug in metaphone() in fuzzystrmatch</para></listitem>
1005 <listitem><para>Improve adddepend (Rod)</para></listitem>
1006 <listitem><para>Update spi/timetravel (B?jthe Zolt?n)</para></listitem>
1007 <listitem><para>Fix dbase -s option and improve non-ASCII handling (Thomas Behr,M?rcio Smiderle)</para></listitem>
1008 <listitem><para>Remove array module because features now included by default (Joe)</para></listitem>
1009 </itemizedlist></sect2>
1011 <sect2> <title> Other Uncategorized Changes</title>
1013 <listitem><para><command>DATESTYLE</command> can now be set to DMY, YMD, or MDY to specify input field order</para></listitem>
1014 <listitem><para>Input date order must now be YYYY-MM-DD (with 4-digit
1015 year) or match <envar>DATESTYLE</envar></para></listitem>
1016 <listitem><para>Pattern matching operations can use indexes regardless
1017 of locale?</para></listitem>
1018 </itemizedlist></sect2>
1021 <sect1 id="release-7-3-4">
1022 <title>Release 7.3.4</title>
1025 <title>Release date</title>
1026 <simpara>2003-07-24</simpara>
1030 This has a variety of fixes from 7.3.3.
1035 <title>Migration to version 7.3.4</title>
1038 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
1044 <title>Changes</title>
1047 <listitem><para>Repair breakage in timestamp-to-date conversion for dates before 2000</para></listitem>
1048 <listitem><para>Prevent rare possibility of server startup failure (Tom)</para></listitem>
1049 <listitem><para>Fix bugs in interval-to-time conversion (Tom)</para></listitem>
1050 <listitem><para>Add constraint names in a few places in pg_dump (Rod)</para></listitem>
1051 <listitem><para>Improve performance of functions with many parameters (Tom)</para></listitem>
1052 <listitem><para>Fix to_ascii() buffer overruns (Tom)</para></listitem>
1053 <listitem><para>Prevent restore of database comments from throwing an error (Tom)</para></listitem>
1054 <listitem><para>Work around buggy strxfrm() present in some Solaris releases (Tom)</para></listitem>
1055 <listitem><para>Properly escape jdbc setObject() strings to improve security (Barry)</para></listitem>
1061 <sect1 id="release-7-3-3">
1062 <title>Release 7.3.3</title>
1065 <title>Release date</title>
1066 <simpara>2003-05-22</simpara>
1070 This release contains of variety of fixes for version 7.3.2.
1074 <title>Migration to version 7.3.3</title>
1077 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
1078 running version 7.3.*.
1083 <title>Changes</title>
1086 <listitem><para>Repair sometimes-incorrect computation of StartUpID after a crash</para></listitem>
1087 <listitem><para>Avoid slowness with lots of deferred triggers in one transaction (Stephan)</para></listitem>
1088 <listitem><para>Don't lock referenced row when <command>UPDATE</command> doesn't change foreign key's value (Jan)</para></listitem>
1089 <listitem><para>Use <command>-fPIC</command> not <command>-fpic</command> on Sparc (Tom Callaway)</para></listitem>
1090 <listitem><para>Repair lack of schema-awareness in contrib/reindexdb</para></listitem>
1091 <listitem><para>Fix contrib/intarray error for zero-element result array (Teodor)</para></listitem>
1092 <listitem><para>Ensure createuser script will exit on control-C (Oliver)</para></listitem>
1093 <listitem><para>Fix errors when the type of a dropped column has itself been dropped</para></listitem>
1094 <listitem><para><command>CHECKPOINT</command> does not cause database panic on failure in noncritical steps</para></listitem>
1095 <listitem><para>Accept 60 in seconds fields of timestamp, time, interval input values</para></listitem>
1096 <listitem><para>Issue notice, not error, if <type>TIMESTAMP</type>,
1097 <type> TIME</type>, or <type>INTERVAL</type> precision too large</para></listitem>
1098 <listitem><para>Fix <function>abstime-to-time</function> cast function (fix is
1099 not applied unless you <application>initdb</application>)</para></listitem>
1100 <listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_proc</application> entry for
1101 <type>timestampt_izone</type> (fix is not applied unless you
1102 <application>initdb</application>)</para></listitem>
1103 <listitem><para>Make <function>EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM timestamp without time zone)</function> treat input as local time</para></listitem>
1104 <listitem><para><command>'now'::timestamptz</command> gave wrong answer if timezone changed earlier in transaction</para></listitem>
1105 <listitem><para><envar>HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP</envar> code for time with timezone overwrote its input</para></listitem>
1106 <listitem><para>Accept <command>GLOBAL TEMP/TEMPORARY</command> as a
1107 synonym for <command>TEMPORARY</command></para></listitem>
1108 <listitem><para>Avoid improper schema-permissions-check failure in foreign-key triggers</para></listitem>
1109 <listitem><para>Fix bugs in foreign-key triggers for <command>SET DEFAULT</command> action</para></listitem>
1110 <listitem><para>Fix incorrect time-qual check in row fetch for
1111 <command>UPDATE</command> and <command>DELETE</command> triggers</para></listitem>
1112 <listitem><para>Foreign-key clauses were parsed but ignored in
1113 <command>ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN</command></para></listitem>
1114 <listitem><para>Fix createlang script breakage for case where handler function already exists</para></listitem>
1115 <listitem><para>Fix misbehavior on zero-column tables in <application>pg_dump</application>, COPY, ANALYZE, other places</para></listitem>
1116 <listitem><para>Fix misbehavior of <function>func_error()</function> on type names containing '%'</para></listitem>
1117 <listitem><para>Fix misbehavior of <function>replace()</function> on strings containing '%'</para></listitem>
1118 <listitem><para>Regular-expression patterns containing certain multibyte characters failed</para></listitem>
1119 <listitem><para>Account correctly for <command>NULL</command>s in more cases in join size estimation</para></listitem>
1120 <listitem><para>Avoid conflict with system definition of <function>isblank()</function> function or macro</para></listitem>
1121 <listitem><para>Fix failure to convert large code point values in EUC_TW conversions (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
1122 <listitem><para>Fix error recovery for <function>SSL_read</function>/<function>SSL_write</function> calls</para></listitem>
1123 <listitem><para>Don't do early constant-folding of type coercion expressions</para></listitem>
1124 <listitem><para>Validate page header fields immediately after reading in any page</para></listitem>
1125 <listitem><para>Repair incorrect check for ungrouped variables in unnamed joins</para></listitem>
1126 <listitem><para>Fix buffer overrun in <function>to_ascii</function> (Guido Notari)</para></listitem>
1127 <listitem><para>contrib/ltree fixes (Teodor)</para></listitem>
1128 <listitem><para>Fix core dump in deadlock detection on machines where char is unsigned</para></listitem>
1129 <listitem><para>Avoid running out of buffers in many-way indexscan (bug introduced in 7.3)</para></listitem>
1130 <listitem><para>Fix planner's selectivity estimation functions to handle domains properly</para></listitem>
1131 <listitem><para>Fix <application>dbmirror</application> memory-allocation bug (Steven Singer)</para></listitem>
1132 <listitem><para>Prevent infinite loop in <function>ln(numeric)</function> due to roundoff error</para></listitem>
1133 <listitem><para><command>GROUP BY</command> got confused if there were multiple equal GROUP BY items</para></listitem>
1134 <listitem><para>Fix bad plan when inherited <command>UPDATE</command>/<command>DELETE</command> references another inherited table</para></listitem>
1135 <listitem><para>Prevent clustering on incomplete (partial or non-NULL-storing) indexes</para></listitem>
1136 <listitem><para>Service shutdown request at proper time if it arrives while still starting up</para></listitem>
1137 <listitem><para>Fix left-links in temporary indexes (could make backwards scans miss entries)</para></listitem>
1138 <listitem><para>Fix incorrect handling of client_encoding setting in postgresql.conf (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
1139 <listitem><para>Fix failure to respond to <command>pg_ctl stop -m fast</command> after Async_NotifyHandler runs</para></listitem>
1140 <listitem><para>Fix SPI for case where rule contains multiple statements of the same type</para></listitem>
1141 <listitem><para>Fix problem with checking for wrong type of access permission in rule query</para></listitem>
1142 <listitem><para>Fix problem with <command>EXCEPT</command> in <command>CREATE RULE</command></para></listitem>
1143 <listitem><para>Prevent problem with dropping temp tables having serial columns</para></listitem>
1144 <listitem><para>Fix replace_vars_with_subplan_refs failure in complex views</para></listitem>
1145 <listitem><para>Fix regexp slowness in single-byte encodings (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
1146 <listitem><para>Allow qualified type names in <command>CREATE CAST</command>
1147 and <command> DROP CAST</command></para></listitem>
1148 <listitem><para>Accept <function>SETOF type[]</function>, which formerly had to
1149 be written <function>SETOF _type</function></para></listitem>
1150 <listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_dump</application> core dump in some cases with procedural languages</para></listitem>
1151 <listitem><para>Force ISO datestyle in <application>pg_dump</application> output, for portability (Oliver)</para></listitem>
1152 <listitem><para><application>pg_dump</application> failed to handle error return
1153 from <function>lo_read</function> (Oleg Drokin)</para></listitem>
1154 <listitem><para><application>pg_dumpall</application> failed with groups having no members (Nick Eskelinen)</para></listitem>
1155 <listitem><para><application>pg_dumpall</application> failed to recognize --globals-only switch</para></listitem>
1156 <listitem><para>pg_restore failed to restore blobs if -X disable-triggers is specified</para></listitem>
1157 <listitem><para>Repair intrafunction memory leak in plpgsql</para></listitem>
1158 <listitem><para>pltcl's <command>elog</command> command dumped core if given wrong parameters (Ian Harding)</para></listitem>
1159 <listitem><para>plpython used wrong value of <envar>atttypmod</envar> (Brad McLean)</para></listitem>
1160 <listitem><para>Fix improper quoting of boolean values in Python interface (D'Arcy)</para></listitem>
1161 <listitem><para>Added <function>addDataType()</function> method to PGConnection interface for JDBC</para></listitem>
1162 <listitem><para>Fixed various problems with updateable ResultSets for JDBC (Shawn Green)</para></listitem>
1163 <listitem><para>Fixed various problems with DatabaseMetaData for JDBC (Kris Jurka, Peter Royal)</para></listitem>
1164 <listitem><para>Fixed problem with parsing table ACLs in JDBC</para></listitem>
1165 <listitem><para>Better error message for character set conversion problems in JDBC</para></listitem>
1171 <sect1 id="release-7-3-2">
1172 <title>Release 7.3.2</title>
1175 <title>Release date</title>
1176 <simpara>2003-02-04</simpara>
1180 This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.3.1.
1185 <title>Migration to version 7.3.2</title>
1188 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
1189 running version 7.3.*.
1194 <title>Changes</title>
1197 <listitem><para>Restore creation of OID column in CREATE TABLE AS / SELECT INTO</para></listitem>
1198 <listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_dump</> core dump when dumping views having comments</para></listitem>
1199 <listitem><para>Dump DEFERRABLE/INITIALLY DEFERRED constraints properly</para></listitem>
1200 <listitem><para>Fix UPDATE when child table's column numbering differs from parent</para></listitem>
1201 <listitem><para>Increase default value of max_fsm_relations</para></listitem>
1202 <listitem><para>Fix problem when fetching backwards in a cursor for a single-row query</para></listitem>
1203 <listitem><para>Make backward fetch work properly with cursor on SELECT DISTINCT query</para></listitem>
1204 <listitem><para>Fix problems with loading <application>pg_dump</> files containing contrib/lo usage</para></listitem>
1205 <listitem><para>Fix problem with all-numeric user names</para></listitem>
1206 <listitem><para>Fix possible memory leak and core dump during disconnect in libpgtcl</para></listitem>
1207 <listitem><para>Make plpython's spi_execute command handle nulls properly (Andrew Bosma)</para></listitem>
1208 <listitem><para>Adjust plpython error reporting so that its regression test passes again</para></listitem>
1209 <listitem><para>Work with bison 1.875</para></listitem>
1210 <listitem><para>Handle mixed-case names properly in plpgsql's %type (Neil)</para></listitem>
1211 <listitem><para>Fix core dump in pltcl when executing a query rewritten by a rule</para></listitem>
1212 <listitem><para>Repair array subscript overruns (per report from Yichen Xie)</para></listitem>
1213 <listitem><para>Reduce MAX_TIME_PRECISION from 13 to 10 in floating-point case</para></listitem>
1214 <listitem><para>Correctly case-fold variable names in per-database and per-user settings</para></listitem>
1215 <listitem><para>Fix coredump in plpgsql's RETURN NEXT when SELECT into record returns no rows</para></listitem>
1216 <listitem><para>Fix outdated use of pg_type.typprtlen in python client interface</para></listitem>
1217 <listitem><para>Correctly handle fractional seconds in timestamps in JDBC driver</para></listitem>
1218 <listitem><para>Improve performance of getImportedKeys() in JDBC</para></listitem>
1219 <listitem><para>Make shared-library symlinks work standardly on HPUX (Giles)</para></listitem>
1220 <listitem><para>Repair inconsistent rounding behavior for timestamp, time, interval</para></listitem>
1221 <listitem><para>SSL negotiation fixes (Nathan Mueller)</para></listitem>
1222 <listitem><para>Make libpq's ~/.pgpass feature work when connecting with PQconnectDB</para></listitem>
1223 <listitem><para>Update my2pg, ora2pg</para></listitem>
1224 <listitem><para>Translation updates</para></listitem>
1225 <listitem><para>Add casts between types lo and oid in contrib/lo</para></listitem>
1226 <listitem><para>fastpath code now checks for privilege to call function</para></listitem>
1232 <sect1 id="release-7-3-1">
1233 <title>Release 7.3.1</title>
1236 <title>Release date</title>
1237 <simpara>2002-12-18</simpara>
1241 This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.3.
1246 <title>Migration to version 7.3.1</title>
1249 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
1250 running version 7.3. However, it should be noted that the main
1251 PostgreSQL interface library, libpq, has a new major version
1252 number for this release, which may require recompilation of client
1253 code in certain cases.
1258 <title>Changes</title>
1261 <listitem><para>Fix a core dump of COPY TO when client/server encodings don't match (Tom)</para></listitem>
1262 <listitem><para>Allow <application>pg_dump</> to work with pre-7.2 servers (Philip)</para></listitem>
1263 <listitem><para>contrib/adddepend fixes (Tom)</para></listitem>
1264 <listitem><para>Fix problem with deletion of per-user/per-database config settings (Tom)</para></listitem>
1265 <listitem><para>contrib/vacuumlo fix (Tom)</para></listitem>
1266 <listitem><para>Allow 'password' encryption even when pg_shadow contains MD5 passwords (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1267 <listitem><para>contrib/dbmirror fix (Steven Singer)</para></listitem>
1268 <listitem><para>Optimizer fixes (Tom)</para></listitem>
1269 <listitem><para>contrib/tsearch fixes (Teodor Sigaev, Magnus)</para></listitem>
1270 <listitem><para>Allow locale names to be mixed case (Nicolai Tufar)</para></listitem>
1271 <listitem><para>Increment libpq library's major version number (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1272 <listitem><para>pg_hba.conf error reporting fixes (Bruce, Neil)</para></listitem>
1273 <listitem><para>Add SCO Openserver 5.0.4 as a supported platform (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1274 <listitem><para>Prevent EXPLAIN from crashing server (Tom)</para></listitem>
1275 <listitem><para>SSL fixes (Nathan Mueller)</para></listitem>
1276 <listitem><para>Prevent composite column creation via ALTER TABLE (Tom)</para></listitem>
1282 <sect1 id="release-7-3">
1283 <title>Release 7.3</title>
1286 <title>Release date</title>
1287 <simpara>2002-11-27</simpara>
1291 <title>Overview</title>
1294 Major changes in this release:
1298 <term>Schemas</term>
1301 Schemas allow users to create objects in separate namespaces,
1302 so two people or applications can have tables with the same
1303 name. There is also a public schema for shared tables.
1304 Table/index creation can be restricted by removing permissions
1305 on the public schema.
1311 <term>Drop Column</term>
1314 PostgreSQL now supports the <literal>ALTER TABLE ... DROP
1315 COLUMN</literal> functionality.
1321 <term>Table Functions</term>
1324 Functions returning multiple rows and/or multiple columns are
1325 now much easier to use than before. You can call such a
1326 <quote>table function</quote> in the <literal>SELECT</literal>
1327 <literal>FROM</literal> clause, treating its output like a
1328 table. Also, <application>PL/pgSQL</application> functions can
1335 <term>Prepared Queries</term>
1338 PostgreSQL now supports prepared queries, for improved
1345 <term>Dependency Tracking</term>
1348 PostgreSQL now records object dependencies, which allows
1349 improvements in many areas. <command>DROP</command>
1350 statements now take either <literal>CASCADE</> or
1351 <literal>RESTRICT</> to control whether dependent objects are
1358 <term>Privileges</term>
1361 Functions and procedural languages now have privileges, and
1362 functions can be defined to run with the privileges of their
1369 <term>Internationalization</term>
1372 Both multibyte and locale support are now always enabled.
1378 <term>Logging</term>
1381 A variety of logging options have been enhanced.
1387 <term>Interfaces</term>
1390 A large number of interfaces have been moved to <ulink
1391 url="http://gborg.postgresql.org">http://gborg.postgresql.org</>
1392 where they can be developed and released independently.
1398 <term>Functions/Identifiers</term>
1401 By default, functions can now take up to 32 parameters, and
1402 identifiers can be up to 63 bytes long. Also, <literal>OPAQUE</>
1403 is now deprecated: there are specific <quote>pseudo-datatypes</>
1404 to represent each of the former meanings of <literal>OPAQUE</>
1405 in function argument and result types.
1415 <title>Migration to version 7.3</title>
1418 A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</> is required for those
1419 wishing to migrate data from any previous release. If your
1420 application examines the system catalogs, additional changes will
1421 be required due to the introduction of schemas in 7.3; for more
1422 information, see: <ulink
1423 url="http://developer.postgresql.org/~momjian/upgrade_tips_7.3">
1424 http://developer.postgresql.org/~momjian/upgrade_tips_7.3</>.
1428 Observe the following incompatibilities:
1433 Pre-6.3 clients are no longer supported.
1439 <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename> now has a column for the user
1440 name and additional features. Existing files need to be
1447 Several <filename>postgresql.conf</filename> logging parameters
1454 <literal>LIMIT #,#</literal> has been disabled; use
1455 <literal>LIMIT # OFFSET #</literal>.
1461 <command>INSERT</command> statements with column lists must
1462 specify a value for each specified column. For example,
1463 <literal>INSERT INTO tab (col1, col2) VALUES ('val1')</literal>
1464 is now invalid. It's still allowed to supply fewer columns than
1465 expected if the <command>INSERT</command> does not have a column list.
1471 <type>serial</type> columns are no longer automatically
1472 <literal>UNIQUE</>; thus, an index will not automatically be
1479 A <command>SET</command> command inside an aborted transaction
1486 <command>COPY</command> no longer considers missing trailing
1487 columns to be null. All columns need to be specified.
1488 (However, one may achieve a similar effect by specifying a
1489 column list in the <command>COPY</command> command.)
1495 The data type <type>timestamp</type> is now equivalent to
1496 <type>timestamp without time zone</type>, instead of
1497 <type>timestamp with time zone</type>.
1503 Pre-7.3 databases loaded into 7.3 will not have the new object
1504 dependencies for <type>serial</type> columns, unique
1505 constraints, and foreign keys. See the directory
1506 <filename>contrib/adddepend/</filename> for a detailed
1507 description and a script that will add such dependencies.
1513 An empty string (<literal>''</literal>) is no longer allowed as
1514 the input into an integer field. Formerly, it was silently
1525 <title>Changes</title>
1528 <title>Server Operation</title>
1530 <listitem><para>Add pg_locks view to show locks (Neil)</para></listitem>
1531 <listitem><para>Security fixes for password negotiation memory allocation (Neil)</para></listitem>
1532 <listitem><para>Remove support for version 0 FE/BE protocol (PostgreSQL 6.2 and earlier) (Tom)</para></listitem>
1533 <listitem><para>Reserve the last few backend slots for superusers, add parameter superuser_reserved_connections to control this (Nigel J. Andrews)</para></listitem>
1538 <title>Performance</title>
1540 <listitem><para>Improve startup by calling localtime() only once (Tom)</para></listitem>
1541 <listitem><para>Cache system catalog information in flat files for faster startup (Tom)</para></listitem>
1542 <listitem><para>Improve caching of index information (Tom)</para></listitem>
1543 <listitem><para>Optimizer improvements (Tom, Fernando Nasser)</para></listitem>
1544 <listitem><para>Catalog caches now store failed lookups (Tom)</para></listitem>
1545 <listitem><para>Hash function improvements (Neil)</para></listitem>
1546 <listitem><para>Improve performance of query tokenization and network handling (Peter)</para></listitem>
1547 <listitem><para>Speed improvement for large object restore (Mario Weilguni)</para></listitem>
1548 <listitem><para>Mark expired index entries on first lookup, saving later heap fetches (Tom)</para></listitem>
1549 <listitem><para>Avoid excessive NULL bitmap padding (Manfred Koizar)</para></listitem>
1550 <listitem><para>Add BSD-licensed qsort() for Solaris, for performance (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1551 <listitem><para>Reduce per-row overhead by four bytes (Manfred Koizar)</para></listitem>
1552 <listitem><para>Fix GEQO optimizer bug (Neil Conway)</para></listitem>
1553 <listitem><para>Make WITHOUT OID actually save four bytes per row (Manfred Koizar)</para></listitem>
1554 <listitem><para>Add default_statistics_target variable to specify ANALYZE buckets (Neil)</para></listitem>
1555 <listitem><para>Use local buffer cache for temporary tables so no WAL overhead (Tom)</para></listitem>
1556 <listitem><para>Improve free space map performance on large tables (Stephen Marshall, Tom)</para></listitem>
1557 <listitem><para>Improved WAL write concurrency (Tom)</para></listitem>
1562 <title>Privileges</title>
1564 <listitem><para>Add privileges on functions and procedural languages (Peter)</para></listitem>
1565 <listitem><para>Add OWNER to CREATE DATABASE so superusers can create databases on behalf of unprivileged users (Gavin Sherry, Tom)</para></listitem>
1566 <listitem><para>Add new object permission bits EXECUTE and USAGE (Tom)</para></listitem>
1567 <listitem><para>Add SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION DEFAULT and RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION (Tom)</para></listitem>
1568 <listitem><para>Allow functions to be executed with the privilege of the function owner (Peter)</para></listitem>
1573 <title>Server Configuration</title>
1575 <listitem><para>Server log messages now tagged with LOG, not DEBUG (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1576 <listitem><para>Add user column to pg_hba.conf (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1577 <listitem><para>Have log_connections output two lines in log file (Tom)</para></listitem>
1578 <listitem><para>Remove debug_level from postgresql.conf, now server_min_messages (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1579 <listitem><para>New ALTER DATABASE/USER ... SET command for per-user/database initialization (Peter)</para></listitem>
1580 <listitem><para>New parameters server_min_messages and client_min_messages to control which messages are sent to the server logs or client applications (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1581 <listitem><para>Allow pg_hba.conf to specify lists of users/databases separated by commas, group names prepended with +, and file names prepended with @ (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1582 <listitem><para>Remove secondary password file capability and pg_password utility (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1583 <listitem><para>Add variable db_user_namespace for database-local user names (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1584 <listitem><para>SSL improvements (Bear Giles)</para></listitem>
1585 <listitem><para>Make encryption of stored passwords the default (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1586 <listitem><para>Allow pg_statistics to be reset by calling pg_stat_reset() (Christopher)</para></listitem>
1587 <listitem><para>Add log_duration parameter (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1588 <listitem><para>Rename debug_print_query to log_statement (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1589 <listitem><para>Rename show_query_stats to show_statement_stats (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1590 <listitem><para>Add param log_min_error_statement to print commands to logs on error (Gavin)</para></listitem>
1595 <title>Queries</title>
1597 <listitem><para>Make cursors insensitive, meaning their contents do not change (Tom)</para></listitem>
1598 <listitem><para>Disable LIMIT #,# syntax; now only LIMIT # OFFSET # supported (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1599 <listitem><para>Increase identifier length to 63 (Neil, Bruce)</para></listitem>
1600 <listitem><para>UNION fixes for merging >= 3 columns of different lengths (Tom)</para></listitem>
1601 <listitem><para>Add DEFAULT key word to INSERT, e.g., INSERT ... (..., DEFAULT, ...) (Rod)</para></listitem>
1602 <listitem><para>Allow views to have default values using ALTER COLUMN ... SET DEFAULT (Neil)</para></listitem>
1603 <listitem><para>Fail on INSERTs with column lists that don't supply all column values, e.g., INSERT INTO tab (col1, col2) VALUES ('val1'); (Rod)</para></listitem>
1604 <listitem><para>Fix for join aliases (Tom)</para></listitem>
1605 <listitem><para>Fix for FULL OUTER JOINs (Tom)</para></listitem>
1606 <listitem><para>Improve reporting of invalid identifier and location (Tom, Gavin)</para></listitem>
1607 <listitem><para>Fix OPEN cursor(args) (Tom)</para></listitem>
1608 <listitem><para>Allow 'ctid' to be used in a view and currtid(viewname) (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
1609 <listitem><para>Fix for CREATE TABLE AS with UNION (Tom)</para></listitem>
1610 <listitem><para>SQL99 syntax improvements (Thomas)</para></listitem>
1611 <listitem><para>Add statement_timeout variable to cancel queries (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1612 <listitem><para>Allow prepared queries with PREPARE/EXECUTE (Neil)</para></listitem>
1613 <listitem><para>Allow FOR UPDATE to appear after LIMIT/OFFSET (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1614 <listitem><para>Add variable autocommit (Tom, David Van Wie)</para></listitem>
1619 <title>Object Manipulation</title>
1621 <listitem><para>Make equals signs optional in CREATE DATABASE (Gavin Sherry)</para></listitem>
1622 <listitem><para>Make ALTER TABLE OWNER change index ownership too (Neil)</para></listitem>
1623 <listitem><para>New ALTER TABLE tabname ALTER COLUMN colname SET STORAGE controls TOAST storage, compression (John Gray)</para></listitem>
1624 <listitem><para>Add schema support, CREATE/DROP SCHEMA (Tom)</para></listitem>
1625 <listitem><para>Create schema for temporary tables (Tom)</para></listitem>
1626 <listitem><para>Add variable search_path for schema search (Tom)</para></listitem>
1627 <listitem><para>Add ALTER TABLE SET/DROP NOT NULL (Christopher)</para></listitem>
1628 <listitem><para>New CREATE FUNCTION volatility levels (Tom)</para></listitem>
1629 <listitem><para>Make rule names unique only per table (Tom)</para></listitem>
1630 <listitem><para>Add 'ON tablename' clause to DROP RULE and COMMENT ON RULE (Tom)</para></listitem>
1631 <listitem><para>Add ALTER TRIGGER RENAME (Joe)</para></listitem>
1632 <listitem><para>New current_schema() and current_schemas() inquiry functions (Tom)</para></listitem>
1633 <listitem><para>Allow functions to return multiple rows (table functions) (Joe)</para></listitem>
1634 <listitem><para>Make WITH optional in CREATE DATABASE, for consistency (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1635 <listitem><para>Add object dependency tracking (Rod, Tom)</para></listitem>
1636 <listitem><para>Add RESTRICT/CASCADE to DROP commands (Rod)</para></listitem>
1637 <listitem><para>Add ALTER TABLE DROP for non-CHECK CONSTRAINT (Rod)</para></listitem>
1638 <listitem><para>Autodestroy sequence on DROP of table with SERIAL (Rod)</para></listitem>
1639 <listitem><para>Prevent column dropping if column is used by foreign key (Rod)</para></listitem>
1640 <listitem><para>Automatically drop constraints/functions when object is dropped (Rod)</para></listitem>
1641 <listitem><para>Add CREATE/DROP OPERATOR CLASS (Bill Studenmund, Tom)</para></listitem>
1642 <listitem><para>Add ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN (Christopher, Tom, Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
1643 <listitem><para>Prevent inherited columns from being removed or renamed (Alvaro Herrera)</para></listitem>
1644 <listitem><para>Fix foreign key constraints to not error on intermediate database states (Stephan)</para></listitem>
1645 <listitem><para>Propagate column or table renaming to foreign key constraints</para></listitem>
1646 <listitem><para>Add CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW (Gavin, Neil, Tom)</para></listitem>
1647 <listitem><para>Add CREATE OR REPLACE RULE (Gavin, Neil, Tom)</para></listitem>
1648 <listitem><para>Have rules execute alphabetically, returning more predictable values (Tom)</para></listitem>
1649 <listitem><para>Triggers are now fired in alphabetical order (Tom)</para></listitem>
1650 <listitem><para>Add /contrib/adddepend to handle pre-7.3 object dependencies (Rod)</para></listitem>
1651 <listitem><para>Allow better casting when inserting/updating values (Tom)</para></listitem>
1656 <title>Utility Commands</title>
1658 <listitem><para>Have COPY TO output embedded carriage returns and newlines as \r and \n (Tom)</para></listitem>
1659 <listitem><para>Allow DELIMITER in COPY FROM to be 8-bit clean (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
1660 <listitem><para>Make <application>pg_dump</> use ALTER TABLE ADD PRIMARY KEY, for performance (Neil)</para></listitem>
1661 <listitem><para>Disable brackets in multistatement rules (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1662 <listitem><para>Disable VACUUM from being called inside a function (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1663 <listitem><para>Allow dropdb and other scripts to use identifiers with spaces (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1664 <listitem><para>Restrict database comment changes to the current database</para></listitem>
1665 <listitem><para>Allow comments on operators, independent of the underlying function (Rod)</para></listitem>
1666 <listitem><para>Rollback SET commands in aborted transactions (Tom)</para></listitem>
1667 <listitem><para>EXPLAIN now outputs as a query (Tom)</para></listitem>
1668 <listitem><para>Display condition expressions and sort keys in EXPLAIN (Tom)</para></listitem>
1669 <listitem><para>Add 'SET LOCAL var = value' to set configuration variables for a single transaction (Tom)</para></listitem>
1670 <listitem><para>Allow ANALYZE to run in a transaction (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1671 <listitem><para>Improve COPY syntax using new WITH clauses, keep backward compatibility (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1672 <listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_dump</> to consistently output tags in non-ASCII dumps (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1673 <listitem><para>Make foreign key constraints clearer in dump file (Rod)</para></listitem>
1674 <listitem><para>Add COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT (Rod)</para></listitem>
1675 <listitem><para>Allow COPY TO/FROM to specify column names (Brent Verner)</para></listitem>
1676 <listitem><para>Dump UNIQUE and PRIMARY KEY constraints as ALTER TABLE (Rod)</para></listitem>
1677 <listitem><para>Have SHOW output a query result (Joe)</para></listitem>
1678 <listitem><para>Generate failure on short COPY lines rather than pad NULLs (Neil)</para></listitem>
1679 <listitem><para>Fix CLUSTER to preserve all table attributes (Alvaro Herrera)</para></listitem>
1680 <listitem><para>New pg_settings table to view/modify GUC settings (Joe)</para></listitem>
1681 <listitem><para>Add smart quoting, portability improvements to <application>pg_dump</> output (Peter)</para></listitem>
1682 <listitem><para>Dump serial columns out as SERIAL (Tom)</para></listitem>
1683 <listitem><para>Enable large file support, >2G for <application>pg_dump</> (Peter, Philip Warner, Bruce)</para></listitem>
1684 <listitem><para>Disallow TRUNCATE on tables that are involved in referential constraints (Rod)</para></listitem>
1685 <listitem><para>Have TRUNCATE also auto-truncate the toast table of the relation (Tom)</para></listitem>
1686 <listitem><para>Add clusterdb utility that will auto-cluster an entire database based on previous CLUSTER operations (Alvaro Herrera)</para></listitem>
1687 <listitem><para>Overhaul pg_dumpall (Peter)</para></listitem>
1688 <listitem><para>Allow REINDEX of TOAST tables (Tom)</para></listitem>
1689 <listitem><para>Implemented START TRANSACTION, per SQL99 (Neil)</para></listitem>
1690 <listitem><para>Fix rare index corruption when a page split affects bulk delete (Tom)</para></listitem>
1691 <listitem><para>Fix ALTER TABLE ... ADD COLUMN for inheritance (Alvaro Herrera)</para></listitem>
1696 <title>Data Types and Functions</title>
1698 <listitem><para>Fix factorial(0) to return 1 (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1699 <listitem><para>Date/time/timezone improvements (Thomas)</para></listitem>
1700 <listitem><para>Fix for array slice extraction (Tom)</para></listitem>
1701 <listitem><para>Fix extract/date_part to report proper microseconds for timestamp (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
1702 <listitem><para>Allow text_substr() and bytea_substr() to read TOAST values more efficiently (John Gray)</para></listitem>
1703 <listitem><para>Add domain support (Rod)</para></listitem>
1704 <listitem><para>Make WITHOUT TIME ZONE the default for TIMESTAMP and TIME data types (Thomas)</para></listitem>
1705 <listitem><para>Allow alternate storage scheme of 64-bit integers for date/time types using --enable-integer-datetimes in configure (Thomas)</para></listitem>
1706 <listitem><para>Make timezone(timestamptz) return timestamp rather than a string (Thomas)</para></listitem>
1707 <listitem><para>Allow fractional seconds in date/time types for dates prior to 1BC (Thomas)</para></listitem>
1708 <listitem><para>Limit timestamp data types to 6 decimal places of precision (Thomas)</para></listitem>
1709 <listitem><para>Change timezone conversion functions from timetz() to timezone() (Thomas)</para></listitem>
1710 <listitem><para>Add configuration variables datestyle and timezone (Tom)</para></listitem>
1711 <listitem><para>Add OVERLAY(), which allows substitution of a substring in a string (Thomas)</para></listitem>
1712 <listitem><para>Add SIMILAR TO (Thomas, Tom)</para></listitem>
1713 <listitem><para>Add regular expression SUBSTRING(string FROM pat FOR escape) (Thomas)</para></listitem>
1714 <listitem><para>Add LOCALTIME and LOCALTIMESTAMP functions (Thomas)</para></listitem>
1715 <listitem><para>Add named composite types using CREATE TYPE typename AS (column) (Joe)</para></listitem>
1716 <listitem><para>Allow composite type definition in the table alias clause (Joe)</para></listitem>
1717 <listitem><para>Add new API to simplify creation of C language table functions (Joe)</para></listitem>
1718 <listitem><para>Remove ODBC-compatible empty parentheses from calls to SQL99 functions for which these parentheses do not match the standard (Thomas)</para></listitem>
1719 <listitem><para>Allow macaddr data type to accept 12 hex digits with no separators (Mike Wyer)</para></listitem>
1720 <listitem><para>Add CREATE/DROP CAST (Peter)</para></listitem>
1721 <listitem><para>Add IS DISTINCT FROM operator (Thomas)</para></listitem>
1722 <listitem><para>Add SQL99 TREAT() function, synonym for CAST() (Thomas)</para></listitem>
1723 <listitem><para>Add pg_backend_pid() to output backend pid (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1724 <listitem><para>Add IS OF / IS NOT OF type predicate (Thomas)</para></listitem>
1725 <listitem><para>Allow bit string constants without fully-specified length (Thomas)</para></listitem>
1726 <listitem><para>Allow conversion between 8-byte integers and bit strings (Thomas)</para></listitem>
1727 <listitem><para>Implement hex literal conversion to bit string literal (Thomas)</para></listitem>
1728 <listitem><para>Allow table functions to appear in the FROM clause (Joe)</para></listitem>
1729 <listitem><para>Increase maximum number of function parameters to 32 (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1730 <listitem><para>No longer automatically create index for SERIAL column (Tom)</para></listitem>
1731 <listitem><para>Add current_database() (Rod)</para></listitem>
1732 <listitem><para>Fix cash_words() to not overflow buffer (Tom)</para></listitem>
1733 <listitem><para>Add functions replace(), split_part(), to_hex() (Joe)</para></listitem>
1734 <listitem><para>Fix LIKE for bytea as a right-hand argument (Joe)</para></listitem>
1735 <listitem><para>Prevent crashes caused by SELECT cash_out(2) (Tom)</para></listitem>
1736 <listitem><para>Fix to_char(1,'FM999.99') to return a period (Karel)</para></listitem>
1737 <listitem><para>Fix trigger/type/language functions returning OPAQUE to return proper type (Tom)</para></listitem>
1742 <title>Internationalization</title>
1744 <listitem><para>Add additional encodings: Korean (JOHAB), Thai (WIN874), Vietnamese (TCVN), Arabic (WIN1256), Simplified Chinese (GBK), Korean (UHC) (Eiji Tokuya)</para></listitem>
1745 <listitem><para>Enable locale support by default (Peter)</para></listitem>
1746 <listitem><para>Add locale variables (Peter)</para></listitem>
1747 <listitem><para>Escape byes >= 0x7f for multibyte in PQescapeBytea/PQunescapeBytea (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
1748 <listitem><para>Add locale awareness to regular expression character classes</para></listitem>
1749 <listitem><para>Enable multibyte support by default (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
1750 <listitem><para>Add GB18030 multibyte support (Bill Huang)</para></listitem>
1751 <listitem><para>Add CREATE/DROP CONVERSION, allowing loadable encodings (Tatsuo, Kaori)</para></listitem>
1752 <listitem><para>Add pg_conversion table (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
1753 <listitem><para>Add SQL99 CONVERT() function (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
1754 <listitem><para>pg_dumpall, pg_controldata, and pg_resetxlog now national-language aware (Peter)</para></listitem>
1755 <listitem><para>New and updated translations</para></listitem>
1760 <title>Server-side Languages</title>
1762 <listitem><para>Allow recursive SQL function (Peter)</para></listitem>
1763 <listitem><para>Change PL/Tcl build to use configured compiler and Makefile.shlib (Peter)</para></listitem>
1764 <listitem><para>Overhaul the PL/pgSQL FOUND variable to be more Oracle-compatible (Neil, Tom)</para></listitem>
1765 <listitem><para>Allow PL/pgSQL to handle quoted identifiers (Tom)</para></listitem>
1766 <listitem><para>Allow set-returning PL/pgSQL functions (Neil)</para></listitem>
1767 <listitem><para>Make PL/pgSQL schema-aware (Joe)</para></listitem>
1768 <listitem><para>Remove some memory leaks (Nigel J. Andrews, Tom)</para></listitem>
1775 <listitem><para>Don't lowercase psql \connect database name for 7.2.0 compatibility (Tom)</para></listitem>
1776 <listitem><para>Add psql \timing to time user queries (Greg Sabino Mullane)</para></listitem>
1777 <listitem><para>Have psql \d show index information (Greg Sabino Mullane)</para></listitem>
1778 <listitem><para>New psql \dD shows domains (Jonathan Eisler)</para></listitem>
1779 <listitem><para>Allow psql to show rules on views (Paul ?)</para></listitem>
1780 <listitem><para>Fix for psql variable substitution (Tom)</para></listitem>
1781 <listitem><para>Allow psql \d to show temporary table structure (Tom)</para></listitem>
1782 <listitem><para>Allow psql \d to show foreign keys (Rod)</para></listitem>
1783 <listitem><para>Fix \? to honor \pset pager (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1784 <listitem><para>Have psql reports its version number on startup (Tom)</para></listitem>
1785 <listitem><para>Allow \copy to specify column names (Tom)</para></listitem>
1790 <title>libpq</title>
1792 <listitem><para>Add $HOME/.pgpass to store host/user password combinations (Alvaro Herrera)</para></listitem>
1793 <listitem><para>Add PQunescapeBytea() function to libpq (Patrick Welche)</para></listitem>
1794 <listitem><para>Fix for sending large queries over non-blocking connections (Bernhard Herzog)</para></listitem>
1795 <listitem><para>Fix for libpq using timers on Win9X (David Ford)</para></listitem>
1796 <listitem><para>Allow libpq notify to handle servers with different-length identifiers (Tom)</para></listitem>
1797 <listitem><para>Add libpq PQescapeString() and PQescapeBytea() to Win32 (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1798 <listitem><para>Fix for SSL with non-blocking connections (Jack Bates)</para></listitem>
1799 <listitem><para>Add libpq connection timeout parameter (Denis A Ustimenko)</para></listitem>
1806 <listitem><para>Allow JDBC to compile with JDK 1.4 (Dave)</para></listitem>
1807 <listitem><para>Add JDBC 3 support (Barry)</para></listitem>
1808 <listitem><para>Allows JDBC to set loglevel by adding ?loglevel=X to the connection URL (Barry)</para></listitem>
1809 <listitem><para>Add Driver.info() message that prints out the version number (Barry)</para></listitem>
1810 <listitem><para>Add updateable result sets (Raghu Nidagal, Dave)</para></listitem>
1811 <listitem><para>Add support for callable statements (Paul Bethe)</para></listitem>
1812 <listitem><para>Add query cancel capability</para></listitem>
1813 <listitem><para>Add refresh row (Dave)</para></listitem>
1814 <listitem><para>Fix MD5 encryption handling for multibyte servers (Jun Kawai)</para></listitem>
1815 <listitem><para>Add support for prepared statements (Barry)</para></listitem>
1820 <title>Miscellaneous Interfaces</title>
1822 <listitem><para>Fixed ECPG bug concerning octal numbers in single quotes (Michael)</para></listitem>
1823 <listitem><para>Move src/interfaces/libpgeasy to http://gborg.postgresql.org (Marc, Bruce)</para></listitem>
1824 <listitem><para>Improve Python interface (Elliot Lee, Andrew Johnson, Greg Copeland)</para></listitem>
1825 <listitem><para>Add libpgtcl connection close event (Gerhard Hintermayer)</para></listitem>
1826 <listitem><para>Move src/interfaces/libpq++ to http://gborg.postgresql.org (Marc, Bruce)</para></listitem>
1827 <listitem><para>Move src/interfaces/odbc to http://gborg.postgresql.org (Marc)</para></listitem>
1828 <listitem><para>Move src/interfaces/libpgeasy to http://gborg.postgresql.org (Marc, Bruce)</para></listitem>
1829 <listitem><para>Move src/interfaces/perl5 to http://gborg.postgresql.org (Marc, Bruce)</para></listitem>
1830 <listitem><para>Remove src/bin/pgaccess from main tree, now at http://www.pgaccess.org (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1831 <listitem><para>Add pg_on_connection_loss command to libpgtcl (Gerhard Hintermayer, Tom)</para></listitem>
1836 <title>Source Code</title>
1838 <listitem><para>Fix for parallel make (Peter)</para></listitem>
1839 <listitem><para>AIX fixes for linking Tcl (Andreas Zeugswetter)</para></listitem>
1840 <listitem><para>Allow PL/Perl to build under Cygwin (Jason Tishler)</para></listitem>
1841 <listitem><para>Improve MIPS compiles (Peter, Oliver Elphick)</para></listitem>
1842 <listitem><para>Require Autoconf version 2.53 (Peter)</para></listitem>
1843 <listitem><para>Require readline and zlib by default in configure (Peter)</para></listitem>
1844 <listitem><para>Allow Solaris to use Intimate Shared Memory (ISM), for performance (Scott Brunza, P.J. Josh Rovero)</para></listitem>
1845 <listitem><para>Always enable syslog in compile, remove --enable-syslog option (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
1846 <listitem><para>Always enable multibyte in compile, remove --enable-multibyte option (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
1847 <listitem><para>Always enable locale in compile, remove --enable-locale option (Peter)</para></listitem>
1848 <listitem><para>Fix for Win9x DLL creation (Magnus Naeslund)</para></listitem>
1849 <listitem><para>Fix for link() usage by WAL code on Win32, BeOS (Jason Tishler)</para></listitem>
1850 <listitem><para>Add sys/types.h to c.h, remove from main files (Peter, Bruce)</para></listitem>
1851 <listitem><para>Fix AIX hang on SMP machines (Tomoyuki Niijima)</para></listitem>
1852 <listitem><para>AIX SMP hang fix (Tomoyuki Niijima)</para></listitem>
1853 <listitem><para>Fix pre-1970 date handling on newer glibc libraries (Tom)</para></listitem>
1854 <listitem><para>Fix PowerPC SMP locking (Tom)</para></listitem>
1855 <listitem><para>Prevent gcc -ffast-math from being used (Peter, Tom)</para></listitem>
1856 <listitem><para>Bison >= 1.50 now required for developer builds</para></listitem>
1857 <listitem><para>Kerberos 5 support now builds with Heimdal (Peter)</para></listitem>
1858 <listitem><para>Add appendix in the User's Guide which lists SQL features (Thomas)</para></listitem>
1859 <listitem><para>Improve loadable module linking to use RTLD_NOW (Tom)</para></listitem>
1860 <listitem><para>New error levels WARNING, INFO, LOG, DEBUG[1-5] (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1861 <listitem><para>New src/port directory holds replaced libc functions (Peter, Bruce)</para></listitem>
1862 <listitem><para>New pg_namespace system catalog for schemas (Tom)</para></listitem>
1863 <listitem><para>Add pg_class.relnamespace for schemas (Tom)</para></listitem>
1864 <listitem><para>Add pg_type.typnamespace for schemas (Tom)</para></listitem>
1865 <listitem><para>Add pg_proc.pronamespace for schemas (Tom)</para></listitem>
1866 <listitem><para>Restructure aggregates to have pg_proc entries (Tom)</para></listitem>
1867 <listitem><para>System relations now have their own namespace, pg_* test not required (Fernando Nasser)</para></listitem>
1868 <listitem><para>Rename TOAST index names to be *_index rather than *_idx (Neil)</para></listitem>
1869 <listitem><para>Add namespaces for operators, opclasses (Tom)</para></listitem>
1870 <listitem><para>Add additional checks to server control file (Thomas)</para></listitem>
1871 <listitem><para>New Polish FAQ (Marcin Mazurek)</para></listitem>
1872 <listitem><para>Add Posix semaphore support (Tom)</para></listitem>
1873 <listitem><para>Document need for reindex (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1874 <listitem><para>Rename some internal identifiers to simplify Win32 compile (Jan, Katherine Ward)</para></listitem>
1875 <listitem><para>Add documentation on computing disk space (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1876 <listitem><para>Remove KSQO from GUC (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1877 <listitem><para>Fix memory leak in rtree (Kenneth Been)</para></listitem>
1878 <listitem><para>Modify a few error messages for consistency (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1879 <listitem><para>Remove unused system table columns (Peter)</para></listitem>
1880 <listitem><para>Make system columns NOT NULL where appropriate (Tom)</para></listitem>
1881 <listitem><para>Clean up use of sprintf in favor of snprintf() (Neil, Jukka Holappa)</para></listitem>
1882 <listitem><para>Remove OPAQUE and create specific subtypes (Tom)</para></listitem>
1883 <listitem><para>Cleanups in array internal handling (Joe, Tom)</para></listitem>
1884 <listitem><para>Disallow pg_atoi('') (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1885 <listitem><para>Remove parameter wal_files because WAL files are now recycled (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1886 <listitem><para>Add version numbers to heap pages (Tom)</para></listitem>
1891 <title>Contrib</title>
1893 <listitem><para>Allow inet arrays in /contrib/array (Neil)</para></listitem>
1894 <listitem><para>GiST fixes (Teodor Sigaev, Neil)</para></listitem>
1895 <listitem><para>Upgrade /contrib/mysql</para></listitem>
1896 <listitem><para>Add /contrib/dbsize which shows table sizes without vacuum (Peter)</para></listitem>
1897 <listitem><para>Add /contrib/intagg, integer aggregator routines (mlw)</para></listitem>
1898 <listitem><para>Improve /contrib/oid2name (Neil, Bruce)</para></listitem>
1899 <listitem><para>Improve /contrib/tsearch (Oleg, Teodor Sigaev)</para></listitem>
1900 <listitem><para>Cleanups of /contrib/rserver (Alexey V. Borzov)</para></listitem>
1901 <listitem><para>Update /contrib/oracle conversion utility (Gilles Darold)</para></listitem>
1902 <listitem><para>Update /contrib/dblink (Joe)</para></listitem>
1903 <listitem><para>Improve options supported by /contrib/vacuumlo (Mario Weilguni)</para></listitem>
1904 <listitem><para>Improvements to /contrib/intarray (Oleg, Teodor Sigaev, Andrey Oktyabrski)</para></listitem>
1905 <listitem><para>Add /contrib/reindexdb utility (Shaun Thomas)</para></listitem>
1906 <listitem><para>Add indexing to /contrib/isbn_issn (Dan Weston)</para></listitem>
1907 <listitem><para>Add /contrib/dbmirror (Steven Singer)</para></listitem>
1908 <listitem><para>Improve /contrib/pgbench (Neil)</para></listitem>
1909 <listitem><para>Add /contrib/tablefunc table function examples (Joe)</para></listitem>
1910 <listitem><para>Add /contrib/ltree data type for tree structures (Teodor Sigaev, Oleg Bartunov)</para></listitem>
1911 <listitem><para>Move /contrib/pg_controldata, pg_resetxlog into main tree (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1912 <listitem><para>Fixes to /contrib/cube (Bruno Wolff)</para></listitem>
1913 <listitem><para>Improve /contrib/fulltextindex (Christopher)</para></listitem>
1921 <sect1 id="release-7-2-4">
1922 <title>Release 7.2.4</title>
1925 <title>Release date</title>
1926 <simpara>2003-01-30</simpara>
1930 This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.2.3,
1931 including fixes to prevent possible data loss.
1935 <title>Migration to version 7.2.4</title>
1938 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
1939 running version 7.2.*.
1944 <title>Changes</title>
1947 <listitem><para>Fix some additional cases of VACUUM "No one parent tuple was found" error</para></listitem>
1948 <listitem><para>Prevent VACUUM from being called inside a function (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1949 <listitem><para>Ensure pg_clog updates are sync'd to disk before marking checkpoint complete</para></listitem>
1950 <listitem><para>Avoid integer overflow during large hash joins</para></listitem>
1951 <listitem><para>Make GROUP commands work when pg_group.grolist is large enough to be toasted</para></listitem>
1952 <listitem><para>Fix errors in datetime tables; some timezone names weren't being recognized</para></listitem>
1953 <listitem><para>Fix integer overflows in circle_poly(), path_encode(), path_add() (Neil)</para></listitem>
1954 <listitem><para>Repair long-standing logic errors in lseg_eq(), lseg_ne(), lseg_center()</para></listitem>
1960 <sect1 id="release-7-2-3">
1961 <title>Release 7.2.3</title>
1964 <title>Release date</title>
1965 <simpara>2002-10-01</simpara>
1969 This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.2.2,
1970 including fixes to prevent possible data loss.
1974 <title>Migration to version 7.2.3</title>
1977 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
1978 running version 7.2.*.
1983 <title>Changes</title>
1986 <listitem><para>Prevent possible compressed transaction log loss (Tom)</para></listitem>
1987 <listitem><para>Prevent non-superuser from increasing most recent vacuum info (Tom)</para></listitem>
1988 <listitem><para>Handle pre-1970 date values in newer versions of glibc (Tom)</para></listitem>
1989 <listitem><para>Fix possible hang during server shutdown</para></listitem>
1990 <listitem><para>Prevent spinlock hangs on SMP PPC machines (Tomoyuki Niijima)</para></listitem>
1991 <listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_dump</> to properly dump FULL JOIN USING (Tom)</para></listitem>
1997 <sect1 id="release-7-2-2">
1998 <title>Release 7.2.2</title>
2001 <title>Release date</title>
2002 <simpara>2002-08-23</simpara>
2006 This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.2.1.
2010 <title>Migration to version 7.2.2</title>
2013 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
2014 running version 7.2.*.
2019 <title>Changes</title>
2022 <listitem><para>Allow EXECUTE of "CREATE TABLE AS ... SELECT" in PL/pgSQL (Tom)</para></listitem>
2023 <listitem><para>Fix for compressed transaction log id wraparound (Tom)</para></listitem>
2024 <listitem><para>Fix PQescapeBytea/PQunescapeBytea so that they handle bytes > 0x7f (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
2025 <listitem><para>Fix for psql and <application>pg_dump</> crashing when invoked with non-existent long options (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
2026 <listitem><para>Fix crash when invoking geometric operators (Tom)</para></listitem>
2027 <listitem><para>Allow OPEN cursor(args) (Tom)</para></listitem>
2028 <listitem><para>Fix for rtree_gist index build (Teodor)</para></listitem>
2029 <listitem><para>Fix for dumping user-defined aggregates (Tom)</para></listitem>
2030 <listitem><para>contrib/intarray fixes (Oleg)</para></listitem>
2031 <listitem><para>Fix for complex UNION/EXCEPT/INTERSECT queries using parens (Tom)</para></listitem>
2032 <listitem><para>Fix to pg_convert (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
2033 <listitem><para>Fix for crash with long DATA strings (Thomas, Neil)</para></listitem>
2034 <listitem><para>Fix for repeat(), lpad(), rpad() and long strings (Neil)</para></listitem>
2040 <sect1 id="release-7-2-1">
2041 <title>Release 7.2.1</title>
2044 <title>Release date</title>
2045 <simpara>2002-03-21</simpara>
2049 This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.2.
2053 <title>Migration to version 7.2.1</title>
2056 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
2057 running version 7.2.
2062 <title>Changes</title>
2065 <listitem><para>Ensure that sequence counters do not go backwards after a crash (Tom)</para></listitem>
2066 <listitem><para>Fix pgaccess kanji-conversion key binding (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
2067 <listitem><para>Optimizer improvements (Tom)</para></listitem>
2068 <listitem><para>Cash I/O improvements (Tom)</para></listitem>
2069 <listitem><para>New Russian FAQ</para></listitem>
2070 <listitem><para>Compile fix for missing AuthBlockSig (Heiko)</para></listitem>
2071 <listitem><para>Additional time zones and time zone fixes (Thomas)</para></listitem>
2072 <listitem><para>Allow psql \connect to handle mixed case database and user names (Tom)</para></listitem>
2073 <listitem><para>Return proper OID on command completion even with ON INSERT rules (Tom)</para></listitem>
2074 <listitem><para>Allow COPY FROM to use 8-bit DELIMITERS (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
2075 <listitem><para>Fix bug in extract/date_part for milliseconds/microseconds (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
2076 <listitem><para>Improve handling of multiple UNIONs with different lengths (Tom)</para></listitem>
2077 <listitem><para>contrib/btree_gist improvements (Teodor Sigaev)</para></listitem>
2078 <listitem><para>contrib/tsearch dictionary improvements, see README.tsearch for an additional installation step (Thomas T. Thai, Teodor Sigaev)</para></listitem>
2079 <listitem><para>Fix for array subscripts handling (Tom)</para></listitem>
2080 <listitem><para>Allow EXECUTE of "CREATE TABLE AS ... SELECT" in PL/pgSQL (Tom)</para></listitem>
2086 <sect1 id="release-7-2">
2087 <title>Release 7.2</title>
2090 <title>Release date</title>
2091 <simpara>2002-02-04</simpara>
2095 <title>Overview</title>
2098 This release improves <productname>PostgreSQL</> for use in
2099 high-volume applications.
2103 Major changes in this release:
2110 Vacuuming no longer locks tables, thus allowing normal user
2111 access during the vacuum. A new <command>VACUUM FULL</>
2112 command does old-style vacuum by locking the table and
2113 shrinking the on-disk copy of the table.
2119 <term>Transactions</term>
2122 There is no longer a problem with installations that exceed
2123 four billion transactions.
2132 OIDs are now optional. Users can now create tables without
2133 OIDs for cases where OID usage is excessive.
2139 <term>Optimizer</term>
2142 The system now computes histogram column statistics during
2143 <command>ANALYZE</>, allowing much better optimizer choices.
2149 <term>Security</term>
2152 A new MD5 encryption option allows more secure storage and
2153 transfer of passwords. A new Unix-domain socket
2154 authentication option is available on Linux and BSD systems.
2160 <term>Statistics</term>
2163 Administrators can use the new table access statistics module
2164 to get fine-grained information about table and index usage.
2170 <term>Internationalization</term>
2173 Program and library messages can now be displayed in several
2183 <title>Migration to version 7.2</title>
2186 A dump/restore using <command>pg_dump</command> is required for
2187 those wishing to migrate data from any previous release.
2191 Observe the following incompatibilities:
2196 The semantics of the <command>VACUUM</command> command have
2197 changed in this release. You may wish to update your
2198 maintenance procedures accordingly.
2204 In this release, comparisons using <literal>= NULL</literal>
2205 will always return false (or NULL, more precisely). Previous
2206 releases automatically transformed this syntax to <literal>IS
2207 NULL</literal>. The old behavior can be re-enabled using a
2208 <filename>postgresql.conf</filename> parameter.
2214 The <filename>pg_hba.conf</> and <filename>pg_ident.conf</>
2215 configuration is now only reloaded after receiving a
2216 <systemitem>SIGHUP</> signal, not with each connection.
2222 The function <filename>octet_length()</> now returns the uncompressed data length.
2228 The date/time value <literal>'current'</literal> is no longer
2229 available. You will need to rewrite your applications.
2235 The <literal>timestamp()</literal>, <literal>time()</literal>,
2236 and <literal>interval()</literal> functions are no longer
2237 available. Instead of <literal>timestamp()</literal>, use
2238 <literal>timestamp 'string'</literal> or <literal>CAST</literal>.
2245 The <literal>SELECT ... LIMIT #,#</literal> syntax will be removed
2246 in the next release. You should change your queries to use
2247 separate LIMIT and OFFSET clauses, e.g. <literal>LIMIT 10 OFFSET
2253 <title>Changes</title>
2256 <title>Server Operation</title>
2258 <listitem><para>Create temporary files in a separate directory (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2259 <listitem><para>Delete orphaned temporary files on postmaster startup (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2260 <listitem><para>Added unique indexes to some system tables (Tom)</para></listitem>
2261 <listitem><para>System table operator reorganization (Oleg Bartunov, Teodor Sigaev, Tom)</para></listitem>
2262 <listitem><para>Renamed pg_log to pg_clog (Tom)</para></listitem>
2263 <listitem><para>Enable SIGTERM, SIGQUIT to kill backends (Jan)</para></listitem>
2264 <listitem><para>Removed compile-time limit on number of backends (Tom)</para></listitem>
2265 <listitem><para>Better cleanup for semaphore resource failure (Tatsuo, Tom)</para></listitem>
2266 <listitem><para>Allow safe transaction ID wraparound (Tom)</para></listitem>
2267 <listitem><para>Removed OIDs from some system tables (Tom)</para></listitem>
2268 <listitem><para>Removed "triggered data change violation" error check (Tom)</para></listitem>
2269 <listitem><para>SPI portal creation of prepared/saved plans (Jan)</para></listitem>
2270 <listitem><para>Allow SPI column functions to work for system columns (Tom)</para></listitem>
2271 <listitem><para>Long value compression improvement (Tom)</para></listitem>
2272 <listitem><para>Statistics collector for table, index access (Jan)</para></listitem>
2273 <listitem><para>Truncate extra-long sequence names to a reasonable value (Tom)</para></listitem>
2274 <listitem><para>Measure transaction times in milliseconds (Thomas)</para></listitem>
2275 <listitem><para>Fix TID sequential scans (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
2276 <listitem><para>Superuser ID now fixed at 1 (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2277 <listitem><para>New pg_ctl "reload" option (Tom)</para></listitem>
2282 <title>Performance</title>
2284 <listitem><para>Optimizer improvements (Tom)</para></listitem>
2285 <listitem><para>New histogram column statistics for optimizer (Tom)</para></listitem>
2286 <listitem><para>Reuse write-ahead log files rather than discarding them (Tom)</para></listitem>
2287 <listitem><para>Cache improvements (Tom)</para></listitem>
2288 <listitem><para>IS NULL, IS NOT NULL optimizer improvement (Tom)</para></listitem>
2289 <listitem><para>Improve lock manager to reduce lock contention (Tom)</para></listitem>
2290 <listitem><para>Keep relcache entries for index access support functions (Tom)</para></listitem>
2291 <listitem><para>Allow better selectivity with NaN and infinities in NUMERIC (Tom)</para></listitem>
2292 <listitem><para>R-tree performance improvements (Kenneth Been)</para></listitem>
2293 <listitem><para>B-tree splits more efficient (Tom)</para></listitem>
2298 <title>Privileges</title>
2300 <listitem><para>Change UPDATE, DELETE permissions to be distinct (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2301 <listitem><para>New REFERENCES, TRIGGER privileges (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2302 <listitem><para>Allow GRANT/REVOKE to/from more than one user at a time (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2303 <listitem><para>New has_table_privilege() function (Joe Conway)</para></listitem>
2304 <listitem><para>Allow non-superuser to vacuum database (Tom)</para></listitem>
2305 <listitem><para>New SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION command (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2306 <listitem><para>Fix bug in privilege modifications on newly created tables (Tom)</para></listitem>
2307 <listitem><para>Disallow access to pg_statistic for non-superuser, add user-accessible views (Tom)</para></listitem>
2312 <title>Client Authentication</title>
2314 <listitem><para>Fork postmaster before doing authentication to prevent hangs (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2315 <listitem><para>Add ident authentication over Unix domain sockets on Linux, *BSD (Helge Bahmann, Oliver Elphick, Teodor Sigaev, Bruce)</para></listitem>
2316 <listitem><para>Add a password authentication method that uses MD5 encryption (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2317 <listitem><para>Allow encryption of stored passwords using MD5 (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2318 <listitem><para>PAM authentication (Dominic J. Eidson)</para></listitem>
2319 <listitem><para>Load pg_hba.conf and pg_ident.conf only on startup and SIGHUP (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2324 <title>Server Configuration</title>
2326 <listitem><para>Interpretation of some time zone abbreviations as Australian rather than North American now settable at run time (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2327 <listitem><para>New parameter to set default transaction isolation level (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2328 <listitem><para>New parameter to enable conversion of "expr = NULL" into "expr IS NULL", off by default (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2329 <listitem><para>New parameter to control memory usage by VACUUM (Tom)</para></listitem>
2330 <listitem><para>New parameter to set client authentication timeout (Tom)</para></listitem>
2331 <listitem><para>New parameter to set maximum number of open files (Tom)</para></listitem>
2336 <title>Queries</title>
2338 <listitem><para>Statements added by INSERT rules now execute after the INSERT (Jan)</para></listitem>
2339 <listitem><para>Prevent unadorned relation names in target list (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2340 <listitem><para>NULLs now sort after all normal values in ORDER BY (Tom)</para></listitem>
2341 <listitem><para>New IS UNKNOWN, IS NOT UNKNOWN Boolean tests (Tom)</para></listitem>
2342 <listitem><para>New SHARE UPDATE EXCLUSIVE lock mode (Tom)</para></listitem>
2343 <listitem><para>New EXPLAIN ANALYZE command that shows run times and row counts (Martijn van Oosterhout)</para></listitem>
2344 <listitem><para>Fix problem with LIMIT and subqueries (Tom)</para></listitem>
2345 <listitem><para>Fix for LIMIT, DISTINCT ON pushed into subqueries (Tom)</para></listitem>
2346 <listitem><para>Fix nested EXCEPT/INTERSECT (Tom)</para></listitem>
2351 <title>Schema Manipulation</title>
2353 <listitem><para>Fix SERIAL in temporary tables (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2354 <listitem><para>Allow temporary sequences (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2355 <listitem><para>Sequences now use int8 internally (Tom)</para></listitem>
2356 <listitem><para>New SERIAL8 creates int8 columns with sequences, default still SERIAL4 (Tom)</para></listitem>
2357 <listitem><para>Make OIDs optional using WITHOUT OIDS (Tom)</para></listitem>
2358 <listitem><para>Add %TYPE syntax to CREATE TYPE (Ian Lance Taylor)</para></listitem>
2359 <listitem><para>Add ALTER TABLE / DROP CONSTRAINT for CHECK constraints (Christopher Kings-Lynne)</para></listitem>
2360 <listitem><para>New CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION to alter existing function (preserving the function OID) (Gavin Sherry)</para></listitem>
2361 <listitem><para>Add ALTER TABLE / ADD [ UNIQUE | PRIMARY ] (Christopher Kings-Lynne)</para></listitem>
2362 <listitem><para>Allow column renaming in views</para></listitem>
2363 <listitem><para>Make ALTER TABLE / RENAME COLUMN update column names of indexes (Brent Verner)</para></listitem>
2364 <listitem><para>Fix for ALTER TABLE / ADD CONSTRAINT ... CHECK with inherited tables (Stephan Szabo)</para></listitem>
2365 <listitem><para>ALTER TABLE RENAME update foreign-key trigger arguments correctly (Brent Verner)</para></listitem>
2366 <listitem><para>DROP AGGREGATE and COMMENT ON AGGREGATE now accept an aggtype (Tom)</para></listitem>
2367 <listitem><para>Add automatic return type data casting for SQL functions (Tom)</para></listitem>
2368 <listitem><para>Allow GiST indexes to handle NULLs and multikey indexes (Oleg Bartunov, Teodor Sigaev, Tom)</para></listitem>
2369 <listitem><para>Enable partial indexes (Martijn van Oosterhout)</para></listitem>
2374 <title>Utility Commands</title>
2376 <listitem><para>Add RESET ALL, SHOW ALL (Marko Kreen)</para></listitem>
2377 <listitem><para>CREATE/ALTER USER/GROUP now allow options in any order (Vince)</para></listitem>
2378 <listitem><para>Add LOCK A, B, C functionality (Neil Padgett)</para></listitem>
2379 <listitem><para>New ENCRYPTED/UNENCRYPTED option to CREATE/ALTER USER (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2380 <listitem><para>New light-weight VACUUM does not lock table; old semantics are available as VACUUM FULL (Tom)</para></listitem>
2381 <listitem><para>Disable COPY TO/FROM on views (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2382 <listitem><para>COPY DELIMITERS string must be exactly one character (Tom)</para></listitem>
2383 <listitem><para>VACUUM warning about index tuples fewer than heap now only appears when appropriate (Martijn van Oosterhout)</para></listitem>
2384 <listitem><para>Fix permission checks for CREATE INDEX (Tom)</para></listitem>
2385 <listitem><para>Disallow inappropriate use of CREATE/DROP INDEX/TRIGGER/VIEW (Tom)</para></listitem>
2390 <title>Data Types and Functions</title>
2392 <listitem><para>SUM(), AVG(), COUNT() now uses int8 internally for speed (Tom)</para></listitem>
2393 <listitem><para>Add convert(), convert2() (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
2394 <listitem><para>New function bit_length() (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2395 <listitem><para>Make the "n" in CHAR(n)/VARCHAR(n) represents letters, not bytes (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
2396 <listitem><para>CHAR(), VARCHAR() now reject strings that are too long (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2397 <listitem><para>BIT VARYING now rejects bit strings that are too long (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2398 <listitem><para>BIT now rejects bit strings that do not match declared size (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2399 <listitem><para>INET, CIDR text conversion functions (Alex Pilosov)</para></listitem>
2400 <listitem><para>INET, CIDR operators << and <<= indexable (Alex Pilosov)</para></listitem>
2401 <listitem><para>Bytea \### now requires valid three digit octal number</para></listitem>
2402 <listitem><para>Bytea comparison improvements, now supports =, <>, >, >=, <, and <=</para></listitem>
2403 <listitem><para>Bytea now supports B-tree indexes</para></listitem>
2404 <listitem><para>Bytea now supports LIKE, LIKE...ESCAPE, NOT LIKE, NOT LIKE...ESCAPE</para></listitem>
2405 <listitem><para>Bytea now supports concatenation</para></listitem>
2406 <listitem><para>New bytea functions: position, substring, trim, btrim, and length</para></listitem>
2407 <listitem><para>New encode() function mode, "escaped", converts minimally escaped bytea to/from text</para></listitem>
2408 <listitem><para>Add pg_database_encoding_max_length() (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
2409 <listitem><para>Add pg_client_encoding() function (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
2410 <listitem><para>now() returns time with millisecond precision (Thomas)</para></listitem>
2411 <listitem><para>New TIMESTAMP WITHOUT TIMEZONE data type (Thomas)</para></listitem>
2412 <listitem><para>Add ISO date/time specification with "T", yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss (Thomas)</para></listitem>
2413 <listitem><para>New xid/int comparison functions (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
2414 <listitem><para>Add precision to TIME, TIMESTAMP, and INTERVAL data types (Thomas)</para></listitem>
2415 <listitem><para>Modify type coercion logic to attempt binary-compatible functions first (Tom)</para></listitem>
2416 <listitem><para>New encode() function installed by default (Marko Kreen)</para></listitem>
2417 <listitem><para>Improved to_*() conversion functions (Karel Zak)</para></listitem>
2418 <listitem><para>Optimize LIKE/ILIKE when using single-byte encodings (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
2419 <listitem><para>New functions in contrib/pgcrypto: crypt(), hmac(), encrypt(), gen_salt() (Marko Kreen)</para></listitem>
2420 <listitem><para>Correct description of translate() function (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2421 <listitem><para>Add INTERVAL argument for SET TIME ZONE (Thomas)</para></listitem>
2422 <listitem><para>Add INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH (etc.) syntax (Thomas)</para></listitem>
2423 <listitem><para>Optimize length functions when using single-byte encodings (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
2424 <listitem><para>Fix path_inter, path_distance, path_length, dist_ppath to handle closed paths (Curtis Barrett, Tom)</para></listitem>
2425 <listitem><para>octet_length(text) now returns non-compressed length (Tatsuo, Bruce)</para></listitem>
2426 <listitem><para>Handle "July" full name in date/time literals (Greg Sabino Mullane)</para></listitem>
2427 <listitem><para>Some datatype() function calls now evaluated differently</para></listitem>
2428 <listitem><para>Add support for Julian and ISO time specifications (Thomas)</para></listitem>
2433 <title>Internationalization</title>
2435 <listitem><para>National language support in psql, <application>pg_dump</>, libpq, and server (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2436 <listitem><para>Message translations in Chinese (simplified, traditional), Czech, French, German, Hungarian, Russian, Swedish (Peter E, Serguei A. Mokhov, Karel Zak, Weiping He, Zhenbang Wei, Kovacs Zoltan)</para></listitem>
2437 <listitem><para>Make trim, ltrim, rtrim, btrim, lpad, rpad, translate multibyte aware (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
2438 <listitem><para>Add LATIN5,6,7,8,9,10 support (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
2439 <listitem><para>Add ISO 8859-5,6,7,8 support (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
2440 <listitem><para>Correct LATIN5 to mean ISO-8859-9, not ISO-8859-5 (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
2441 <listitem><para>Make mic2ascii() non-ASCII aware (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
2442 <listitem><para>Reject invalid multibyte character sequences (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
2447 <title><application>PL/pgSQL</></title>
2449 <listitem><para>Now uses portals for SELECT loops, allowing huge result sets (Jan)</para></listitem>
2450 <listitem><para>CURSOR and REFCURSOR support (Jan)</para></listitem>
2451 <listitem><para>Can now return open cursors (Jan)</para></listitem>
2452 <listitem><para>Add ELSEIF (Klaus Reger)</para></listitem>
2453 <listitem><para>Improve PL/pgSQL error reporting, including location of error (Tom)</para></listitem>
2454 <listitem><para>Allow IS or FOR key words in cursor declaration, for compatibility (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2455 <listitem><para>Fix for SELECT ... FOR UPDATE (Tom)</para></listitem>
2456 <listitem><para>Fix for PERFORM returning multiple rows (Tom)</para></listitem>
2457 <listitem><para>Make PL/pgSQL use the server's type coercion code (Tom)</para></listitem>
2458 <listitem><para>Memory leak fix (Jan, Tom)</para></listitem>
2459 <listitem><para>Make trailing semicolon optional (Tom)</para></listitem>
2464 <title>PL/Perl</title>
2466 <listitem><para>New untrusted PL/Perl (Alex Pilosov)</para></listitem>
2467 <listitem><para>PL/Perl is now built on some platforms even if libperl is not shared (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2472 <title>PL/Tcl</title>
2474 <listitem><para>Now reports errorInfo (Vsevolod Lobko)</para></listitem>
2475 <listitem><para>Add spi_lastoid function (bob@redivi.com)</para></listitem>
2480 <title>PL/Python</title>
2482 <listitem><para>...is new (Andrew Bosma)</para></listitem>
2487 <title><application>psql</></title>
2489 <listitem><para>\d displays indexes in unique, primary groupings (Christopher Kings-Lynne)</para></listitem>
2490 <listitem><para>Allow trailing semicolons in backslash commands (Greg Sabino Mullane)</para></listitem>
2491 <listitem><para>Read password from /dev/tty if possible</para></listitem>
2492 <listitem><para>Force new password prompt when changing user and database (Tatsuo, Tom)</para></listitem>
2493 <listitem><para>Format the correct number of columns for Unicode (Patrice)</para></listitem>
2498 <title><application>libpq</></title>
2500 <listitem><para>New function PQescapeString() to escape quotes in command strings (Florian Weimer)</para></listitem>
2501 <listitem><para>New function PQescapeBytea() escapes binary strings for use as SQL string literals</para></listitem>
2508 <listitem><para>Return OID of INSERT (Ken K)</para></listitem>
2509 <listitem><para>Handle more data types (Ken K)</para></listitem>
2510 <listitem><para>Handle single quotes and newlines in strings (Ken K)</para></listitem>
2511 <listitem><para>Handle NULL variables (Ken K)</para></listitem>
2512 <listitem><para>Fix for time zone handling (Barry Lind)</para></listitem>
2513 <listitem><para>Improved Druid support</para></listitem>
2514 <listitem><para>Allow eight-bit characters with non-multibyte server (Barry Lind)</para></listitem>
2515 <listitem><para>Support BIT, BINARY types (Ned Wolpert)</para></listitem>
2516 <listitem><para>Reduce memory usage (Michael Stephens, Dave Cramer)</para></listitem>
2517 <listitem><para>Update DatabaseMetaData (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2518 <listitem><para>Add DatabaseMetaData.getCatalogs() (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2519 <listitem><para>Encoding fixes (Anders Bengtsson)</para></listitem>
2520 <listitem><para>Get/setCatalog methods (Jason Davies)</para></listitem>
2521 <listitem><para>DatabaseMetaData.getColumns() now returns column defaults (Jason Davies)</para></listitem>
2522 <listitem><para>DatabaseMetaData.getColumns() performance improvement (Jeroen van Vianen)</para></listitem>
2523 <listitem><para>Some JDBC1 and JDBC2 merging (Anders Bengtsson)</para></listitem>
2524 <listitem><para>Transaction performance improvements (Barry Lind)</para></listitem>
2525 <listitem><para>Array fixes (Greg Zoller)</para></listitem>
2526 <listitem><para>Serialize addition </para></listitem>
2527 <listitem><para>Fix batch processing (Rene Pijlman)</para></listitem>
2528 <listitem><para>ExecSQL method reorganization (Anders Bengtsson)</para></listitem>
2529 <listitem><para>GetColumn() fixes (Jeroen van Vianen)</para></listitem>
2530 <listitem><para>Fix isWriteable() function (Rene Pijlman)</para></listitem>
2531 <listitem><para>Improved passage of JDBC2 conformance tests (Rene Pijlman)</para></listitem>
2532 <listitem><para>Add bytea type capability (Barry Lind)</para></listitem>
2533 <listitem><para>Add isNullable() (Rene Pijlman)</para></listitem>
2534 <listitem><para>JDBC date/time test suite fixes (Liam Stewart)</para></listitem>
2535 <listitem><para>Fix for SELECT 'id' AS xxx FROM table (Dave Cramer)</para></listitem>
2536 <listitem><para>Fix DatabaseMetaData to show precision properly (Mark Lillywhite)</para></listitem>
2537 <listitem><para>New getImported/getExported keys (Jason Davies)</para></listitem>
2538 <listitem><para>MD5 password encryption support (Jeremy Wohl)</para></listitem>
2539 <listitem><para>Fix to actually use type cache (Ned Wolpert)</para></listitem>
2546 <listitem><para>Remove query size limit (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
2547 <listitem><para>Remove text field size limit (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
2548 <listitem><para>Fix for SQLPrimaryKeys in multibyte mode (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
2549 <listitem><para>Allow ODBC procedure calls (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
2550 <listitem><para>Improve boolean handing (Aidan Mountford)</para></listitem>
2551 <listitem><para>Most configuration options now settable via DSN (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
2552 <listitem><para>Multibyte, performance fixes (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
2553 <listitem><para>Allow driver to be used with iODBC or unixODBC (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2554 <listitem><para>MD5 password encryption support (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2555 <listitem><para>Add more compatibility functions to odbc.sql (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2560 <title><application>ECPG</></title>
2562 <listitem><para>EXECUTE ... INTO implemented (Christof Petig)</para></listitem>
2563 <listitem><para>Multiple row descriptor support (e.g. CARDINALITY) (Christof Petig)</para></listitem>
2564 <listitem><para>Fix for GRANT parameters (Lee Kindness)</para></listitem>
2565 <listitem><para>Fix INITIALLY DEFERRED bug</para></listitem>
2566 <listitem><para>Various bug fixes (Michael, Christof Petig)</para></listitem>
2567 <listitem><para>Auto allocation for indicator variable arrays (int *ind_p=NULL)</para></listitem>
2568 <listitem><para>Auto allocation for string arrays (char **foo_pp=NULL)</para></listitem>
2569 <listitem><para>ECPGfree_auto_mem fixed</para></listitem>
2570 <listitem><para>All function names with external linkage are now prefixed by ECPG</para></listitem>
2571 <listitem><para>Fixes for arrays of structures (Michael)</para></listitem>
2576 <title>Misc. Interfaces</title>
2578 <listitem><para>Python fix fetchone() (Gerhard Haring)</para></listitem>
2579 <listitem><para>Use UTF, Unicode in Tcl where appropriate (Vsevolod Lobko, Reinhard Max)</para></listitem>
2580 <listitem><para>Add Tcl COPY TO/FROM (ljb)</para></listitem>
2581 <listitem><para>Prevent output of default index op class in <application>pg_dump</> (Tom)</para></listitem>
2582 <listitem><para>Fix libpgeasy memory leak (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2587 <title>Build and Install</title>
2589 <listitem><para>Configure, dynamic loader, and shared library fixes (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2590 <listitem><para>Fixes in QNX 4 port (Bernd Tegge)</para></listitem>
2591 <listitem><para>Fixes in Cygwin and Win32 ports (Jason Tishler, Gerhard Haring, Dmitry Yurtaev, Darko Prenosil, Mikhail Terekhov)</para></listitem>
2592 <listitem><para>Fix for Win32 socket communication failures (Magnus, Mikhail Terekhov)</para></listitem>
2593 <listitem><para>Hurd compile fix (Oliver Elphick)</para></listitem>
2594 <listitem><para>BeOS fixes (Cyril Velter)</para></listitem>
2595 <listitem><para>Remove configure --enable-unicode-conversion, now enabled by multibyte (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
2596 <listitem><para>AIX fixes (Tatsuo, Andreas)</para></listitem>
2597 <listitem><para>Fix parallel make (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2598 <listitem><para>Install SQL language manual pages into OS-specific directories (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2599 <listitem><para>Rename config.h to pg_config.h (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2600 <listitem><para>Reorganize installation layout of header files (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2605 <title>Source Code</title>
2607 <listitem><para>Remove SEP_CHAR (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2608 <listitem><para>New GUC hooks (Tom)</para></listitem>
2609 <listitem><para>Merge GUC and command line handling (Marko Kreen)</para></listitem>
2610 <listitem><para>Remove EXTEND INDEX (Martijn van Oosterhout, Tom)</para></listitem>
2611 <listitem><para>New pgjindent utility to indent java code (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2612 <listitem><para>Remove define of true/false when compiling under C++ (Leandro Fanzone, Tom)</para></listitem>
2613 <listitem><para>pgindent fixes (Bruce, Tom)</para></listitem>
2614 <listitem><para>Replace strcasecmp() with strcmp() where appropriate (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2615 <listitem><para>Dynahash portability improvements (Tom)</para></listitem>
2616 <listitem><para>Add 'volatile' usage in spinlock structures</para></listitem>
2617 <listitem><para>Improve signal handling logic (Tom)</para></listitem>
2622 <title>Contrib</title>
2624 <listitem><para>New contrib/rtree_gist (Oleg Bartunov, Teodor Sigaev)</para></listitem>
2625 <listitem><para>New contrib/tsearch full-text indexing (Oleg, Teodor Sigaev)</para></listitem>
2626 <listitem><para>Add contrib/dblink for remote database access (Joe Conway)</para></listitem>
2627 <listitem><para>contrib/ora2pg Oracle conversion utility (Gilles Darold)</para></listitem>
2628 <listitem><para>contrib/xml XML conversion utility (John Gray)</para></listitem>
2629 <listitem><para>contrib/fulltextindex fixes (Christopher Kings-Lynne)</para></listitem>
2630 <listitem><para>New contrib/fuzzystrmatch with levenshtein and metaphone, soundex merged (Joe Conway)</para></listitem>
2631 <listitem><para>Add contrib/intarray boolean queries, binary search, fixes (Oleg Bartunov)</para></listitem>
2632 <listitem><para>New pg_upgrade utility (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2633 <listitem><para>Add new pg_resetxlog options (Bruce, Tom)</para></listitem>
2640 <sect1 id="release-7-1-3">
2641 <title>Release 7.1.3</title>
2644 <title>Release date</title>
2645 <simpara>2001-08-15</simpara>
2649 <title>Migration to version 7.1.3</title>
2652 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
2658 <title>Changes</title>
2662 Remove unused WAL segements of large transactions (Tom)
2663 Multiaction rule fix (Tom)
2664 PL/pgSQL memory allocation fix (Jan)
2665 VACUUM buffer fix (Tom)
2666 Regression test fixes (Tom)
2667 pg_dump fixes for GRANT/REVOKE/comments on views, user-defined types (Tom)
2668 Fix subselects with DISTINCT ON or LIMIT (Tom)
2670 Disable COPY TO/FROM a view (Tom)
2671 Cygwin build (Jason Tishler)
2678 <sect1 id="release-7-1-2">
2679 <title>Release 7.1.2</title>
2682 <title>Release date</title>
2683 <simpara>2001-05-11</simpara>
2687 This has one fix from 7.1.1.
2692 <title>Migration to version 7.1.2</title>
2695 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
2701 <title>Changes</title>
2705 Fix PL/pgSQL SELECTs when returning no rows
2706 Fix for psql backslash core dump
2707 Referential integrity permission fix
2716 <sect1 id="release-7-1-1">
2717 <title>Release 7.1.1</title>
2720 <title>Release date</title>
2721 <simpara>2001-05-05</simpara>
2725 This has a variety of fixes from 7.1.
2730 <title>Migration to version 7.1.1</title>
2733 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
2739 <title>Changes</title>
2743 Fix for numeric MODULO operator (Tom)
2744 pg_dump fixes (Philip)
2745 pg_dump can dump 7.0 databases (Philip)
2746 readline 4.2 fixes (Peter E)
2748 AIX, MSWIN, VAX, N32K fixes (Tom)
2749 Multibytes fixes (Tom)
2750 Unicode fixes (Tatsuo)
2751 Optimizer improvements (Tom)
2752 Fix for whole rows in functions (Tom)
2753 Fix for pg_ctl and option strings with spaces (Peter E)
2754 ODBC fixes (Hiroshi)
2755 EXTRACT can now take string argument (Thomas)
2756 Python fixes (Darcy)
2763 <sect1 id="release-7-1">
2764 <title>Release 7.1</title>
2767 <title>Release date</title>
2768 <simpara>2001-04-13</simpara>
2772 This release focuses on removing limitations that have existed in the
2773 PostgreSQL code for many years.
2777 Major changes in this release:
2782 Write-ahead Log (WAL)
2786 To maintain database consistency in case
2787 of an operating system crash, previous releases of PostgreSQL have
2788 forced all data modifications to disk before each transaction commit.
2789 With WAL, only one log file must be flushed to disk, greatly improving
2790 performance. If you have been using -F in previous releases to disable
2791 disk flushes, you may want to consider discontinuing its use.
2802 TOAST - Previous releases had a compiled-in row length limit,
2803 typically 8k - 32k. This limit made storage of long text fields
2804 difficult. With TOAST, long rows of any length can be stored with good
2816 We now support outer joins. The UNION/NOT IN
2817 workaround for outer joins is no longer required. We use the SQL92
2829 The previous C function manager did not
2830 handle null values properly, nor did it support 64-bit <acronym>CPU</acronym>'s (Alpha). The new
2831 function manager does. You can continue using your old custom
2832 functions, but you may want to rewrite them in the future to use the new
2833 function manager call interface.
2844 A large number of complex queries that were
2845 unsupported in previous releases now work. Many combinations of views,
2846 aggregates, UNION, LIMIT, cursors, subqueries, and inherited tables
2847 now work properly. Inherited tables are now accessed by default.
2848 Subqueries in FROM are now supported.
2857 <title>Migration to version 7.1</title>
2860 A dump/restore using pg_dump is required for those wishing to migrate
2861 data from any previous release.
2866 <title>Changes</title>
2872 Many multibyte/Unicode/locale fixes (Tatsuo and others)
2873 More reliable ALTER TABLE RENAME (Tom)
2874 Kerberos V fixes (David Wragg)
2875 Fix for INSERT INTO...SELECT where targetlist has subqueries (Tom)
2876 Prompt username/password on standard error (Bruce)
2877 Large objects inv_read/inv_write fixes (Tom)
2878 Fixes for to_char(), to_date(), to_ascii(), and to_timestamp() (Karel,
2880 Prevent query expressions from leaking memory (Tom)
2881 Allow UPDATE of arrays elements (Tom)
2882 Wake up lock waiters during cancel (Hiroshi)
2883 Fix rare cursor crash when using hash join (Tom)
2884 Fix for DROP TABLE/INDEX in rolled-back transaction (Hiroshi)
2885 Fix psql crash from \l+ if MULTIBYTE enabled (Peter E)
2886 Fix truncation of rule names during CREATE VIEW (Ross Reedstrom)
2887 Fix PL/perl (Alex Kapranoff)
2888 Disallow LOCK on views (Mark Hollomon)
2889 Disallow INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE on views (Mark Hollomon)
2890 Disallow DROP RULE, CREATE INDEX, TRUNCATE on views (Mark Hollomon)
2891 Allow PL/pgSQL accept non-ASCII identifiers (Tatsuo)
2892 Allow views to proper handle GROUP BY, aggregates, DISTINCT (Tom)
2893 Fix rare failure with TRUNCATE command (Tom)
2894 Allow UNION/INTERSECT/EXCEPT to be used with ALL, subqueries, views,
2895 DISTINCT, ORDER BY, SELECT...INTO (Tom)
2896 Fix parser failures during aborted transactions (Tom)
2897 Allow temporary relations to properly clean up indexes (Bruce)
2898 Fix VACUUM problem with moving rows in same page (Tom)
2899 Modify pg_dump to better handle user-defined items in template1 (Philip)
2900 Allow LIMIT in VIEW (Tom)
2901 Require cursor FETCH to honor LIMIT (Tom)
2902 Allow PRIMARY/FOREIGN Key definitions on inherited columns (Stephan)
2903 Allow ORDER BY, LIMIT in subqueries (Tom)
2904 Allow UNION in CREATE RULE (Tom)
2905 Make ALTER/DROP TABLE rollback-able (Vadim, Tom)
2906 Store initdb collation in pg_control so collation cannot be changed (Tom)
2907 Fix INSERT...SELECT with rules (Tom)
2908 Fix FOR UPDATE inside views and subselects (Tom)
2909 Fix OVERLAPS operators conform to SQL92 spec regarding NULLs (Tom)
2910 Fix lpad() and rpad() to handle length less than input string (Tom)
2911 Fix use of NOTIFY in some rules (Tom)
2912 Overhaul btree code (Tom)
2913 Fix NOT NULL use in Pl/pgSQL variables (Tom)
2914 Overhaul GIST code (Oleg)
2915 Fix CLUSTER to preserve constraints and column default (Tom)
2916 Improved deadlock detection handling (Tom)
2917 Allow multiple SERIAL columns in a table (Tom)
2918 Prevent occasional index corruption (Vadim)
2922 Add OUTER JOINs (Tom)
2923 Function manager overhaul (Tom)
2924 Allow ALTER TABLE RENAME on indexes (Tom)
2925 Improve CLUSTER (Tom)
2926 Improve ps status display for more platforms (Peter E, Marc)
2927 Improve CREATE FUNCTION failure message (Ross)
2928 JDBC improvements (Peter, Travis Bauer, Christopher Cain, William Webber,
2930 Grand Unified Configuration scheme/GUC. Many options can now be set in
2931 data/postgresql.conf, postmaster/postgres flags, or SET commands (Peter E)
2932 Improved handling of file descriptor cache (Tom)
2933 New warning code about auto-created table alias entries (Bruce)
2934 Overhaul initdb process (Tom, Peter E)
2935 Overhaul of inherited tables; inherited tables now accessed by default;
2936 new ONLY key word prevents it (Chris Bitmead, Tom)
2937 ODBC cleanups/improvements (Nick Gorham, Stephan Szabo, Zoltan Kovacs,
2939 Allow renaming of temp tables (Tom)
2940 Overhaul memory manager contexts (Tom)
2941 pg_dumpall uses CREATE USER or CREATE GROUP rather using COPY (Peter E)
2942 Overhaul pg_dump (Philip Warner)
2943 Allow pg_hba.conf secondary password file to specify only username (Peter E)
2944 Allow TEMPORARY or TEMP key word when creating temporary tables (Bruce)
2945 New memory leak checker (Karel)
2946 New SET SESSION CHARACTERISTICS (Thomas)
2947 Allow nested block comments (Thomas)
2948 Add WITHOUT TIME ZONE type qualifier (Thomas)
2949 New ALTER TABLE ADD CONSTRAINT (Stephan)
2950 Use NUMERIC accumulators for INTEGER aggregates (Tom)
2951 Overhaul aggregate code (Tom)
2952 New VARIANCE and STDDEV() aggregates
2953 Improve dependency ordering of pg_dump (Philip)
2954 New pg_restore command (Philip)
2955 New pg_dump tar output option (Philip)
2956 New pg_dump of large objects (Philip)
2957 New ESCAPE option to LIKE (Thomas)
2958 New case-insensitive LIKE - ILIKE (Thomas)
2959 Allow functional indexes to use binary-compatible type (Tom)
2960 Allow SQL functions to be used in more contexts (Tom)
2961 New pg_config utility (Peter E)
2962 New PL/pgSQL EXECUTE command which allows dynamic SQL and utility statements
2964 New PL/pgSQL GET DIAGNOSTICS statement for SPI value access (Jan)
2965 New quote_identifiers() and quote_literal() functions (Jan)
2966 New ALTER TABLE table OWNER TO user command (Mark Hollomon)
2967 Allow subselects in FROM, i.e. FROM (SELECT ...) [AS] alias (Tom)
2968 Update PyGreSQL to version 3.1 (D'Arcy)
2969 Store tables as files named by OID (Vadim)
2970 New SQL function setval(seq,val,bool) for use in pg_dump (Philip)
2971 Require DROP VIEW to remove views, no DROP TABLE (Mark)
2972 Allow DROP VIEW view1, view2 (Mark)
2973 Allow multiple objects in DROP INDEX, DROP RULE, and DROP TYPE (Tom)
2974 Allow automatic conversion to/from Unicode (Tatsuo, Eiji)
2975 New /contrib/pgcrypto hashing functions (Marko Kreen)
2976 New pg_dumpall --globals-only option (Peter E)
2977 New CHECKPOINT command for WAL which creates new WAL log file (Vadim)
2978 New AT TIME ZONE syntax (Thomas)
2979 Allow location of Unix domain socket to be configurable (David J. MacKenzie)
2980 Allow postmaster to listen on a specific IP address (David J. MacKenzie)
2981 Allow socket path name to be specified in hostname by using leading slash
2982 (David J. MacKenzie)
2983 Allow CREATE DATABASE to specify template database (Tom)
2984 New utility to convert MySQL schema dumps to SQL92 and PostgreSQL (Thomas)
2985 New /contrib/rserv replication toolkit (Vadim)
2986 New file format for COPY BINARY (Tom)
2987 New /contrib/oid2name to map numeric files to table names (B Palmer)
2988 New "idle in transaction" ps status message (Marc)
2989 Update to pgaccess 0.98.7 (Constantin Teodorescu)
2990 pg_ctl now defaults to -w (wait) on shutdown, new -l (log) option
2991 Add rudimentary dependency checking to pg_dump (Philip)
2995 Fix INET/CIDR type ordering and add new functions (Tom)
2996 Make OID behave as an unsigned type (Tom)
2997 Allow BIGINT as synonym for INT8 (Peter E)
2998 New int2 and int8 comparison operators (Tom)
2999 New BIT and BIT VARYING types (Adriaan Joubert, Tom, Peter E)
3000 CHAR() no longer faster than VARCHAR() because of TOAST (Tom)
3001 New GIST seg/cube examples (Gene Selkov)
3002 Improved round(numeric) handling (Tom)
3003 Fix CIDR output formatting (Tom)
3004 New CIDR abbrev() function (Tom)
3008 Write-Ahead Log (WAL) to provide crash recovery with less performance
3010 ANALYZE stage of VACUUM no longer exclusively locks table (Bruce)
3011 Reduced file seeks (Denis Perchine)
3012 Improve BTREE code for duplicate keys (Tom)
3013 Store all large objects in a single table (Denis Perchine, Tom)
3014 Improve memory allocation performance (Karel, Tom)
3018 New function manager call conventions (Tom)
3019 SGI portability fixes (David Kaelbling)
3020 New configure --enable-syslog option (Peter E)
3021 New BSDI README (Bruce)
3022 configure script moved to top level, not /src (Peter E)
3023 Makefile/configuration/compilation overhaul (Peter E)
3024 New configure --with-python option (Peter E)
3025 Solaris cleanups (Peter E)
3026 Overhaul /contrib Makefiles (Karel)
3027 New OpenSSL configuration option (Magnus, Peter E)
3029 QNX fixes (Maurizio)
3030 New heap_open(), heap_openr() API (Tom)
3031 Remove colon and semi-colon operators (Thomas)
3032 New pg_class.relkind value for views (Mark Hollomon)
3033 Rename ichar() to chr() (Karel)
3034 New documentation for btrim(), ascii(), chr(), repeat() (Karel)
3035 Fixes for NT/Cygwin (Pete Forman)
3036 AIX port fixes (Andreas)
3037 New BeOS port (David Reid, Cyril Velter)
3038 Add proofreader's changes to docs (Addison-Wesley, Bruce)
3039 New Alpha spinlock code (Adriaan Joubert, Compaq)
3040 UnixWare port overhaul (Peter E)
3041 New Darwin/MacOS X port (Peter Bierman, Bruce Hartzler)
3042 New FreeBSD Alpha port (Alfred)
3043 Overhaul shared memory segments (Tom)
3044 Add IBM S/390 support (Neale Ferguson)
3045 Moved macmanuf to /contrib (Larry Rosenman)
3046 Syslog improvements (Larry Rosenman)
3047 New template0 database that contains no user additions (Tom)
3048 New /contrib/cube and /contrib/seg GIST sample code (Gene Selkov)
3049 Allow NetBSD's libedit instead of readline (Peter)
3050 Improved assembly language source code format (Bruce)
3051 New contrib/pg_logger
3052 New --template option to createdb
3053 New contrib/pg_control utility (Oliver)
3054 New FreeBSD tools ipc_check, start-scripts/freebsd
3061 <sect1 id="release-7-0-3">
3062 <title>Release 7.0.3</title>
3065 <title>Release date</title>
3066 <simpara>2000-11-11</simpara>
3070 This has a variety of fixes from 7.0.2.
3075 <title>Migration to version 7.0.3</title>
3078 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
3084 <title>Changes</title>
3089 Large object fix (Tom)
3090 Fix lean in COPY WITH OIDS leak (Tom)
3091 Fix backwards-index-scan (Tom)
3092 Fix SELECT ... FOR UPDATE so it checks for duplicate keys (Hiroshi)
3093 Add --enable-syslog to configure (Marc)
3094 Fix abort transaction at backend exit in rare cases (Tom)
3095 Fix for psql \l+ when multibyte enabled (Tatsuo)
3096 Allow PL/pgSQL to accept non ascii identifiers (Tatsuo)
3097 Make vacuum always flush buffers (Tom)
3098 Fix to allow cancel while waiting for a lock (Hiroshi)
3099 Fix for memory aloocation problem in user authentication code (Tom)
3100 Remove bogus use of int4out() (Tom)
3101 Fixes for multiple subqueries in COALESCE or BETWEEN (Tom)
3102 Fix for failure of triggers on heap open in certain cases (Jeroen van
3104 Fix for erroneous selectivity of not-equals (Tom)
3105 Fix for erroneous use of strcmp() (Tom)
3106 Fix for bug where storage manager accesses items beyond end of file
3108 Fix to include kernel errno message in all smgr elog messages (Tom)
3109 Fix for '.' not in PATH at build time (SL Baur)
3110 Fix for out-of-file-descriptors error (Tom)
3111 Fix to make pg_dump dump 'iscachable' flag for functions (Tom)
3112 Fix for subselect in targetlist of Append node (Tom)
3113 Fix for mergejoin plans (Tom)
3114 Fix TRUNCATE failure on relations with indexes (Tom)
3115 Avoid database-wide restart on write error (Hiroshi)
3116 Fix nodeMaterial to honor chgParam by recomputing its output (Tom)
3117 Fix VACUUM problem with moving chain of update row versions when source
3118 and destination of a row version lie on the same page (Tom)
3119 Fix user.c CommandCounterIncrement (Tom)
3120 Fix for AM/PM boundary problem in to_char() (Karel Zak)
3121 Fix TIME aggregate handling (Tom)
3122 Fix to_char() to avoid coredump on NULL input (Tom)
3124 Fix for inserting/copying longer multibyte strings into char() data
3126 Fix for crash of backend, on abort (Tom)
3133 <sect1 id="release-7-0-2">
3134 <title>Release 7.0.2</title>
3137 <title>Release date</title>
3138 <simpara>2000-06-05</simpara>
3142 This is a repackaging of 7.0.1 with added documentation.
3147 <title>Migration to version 7.0.2</title>
3150 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
3156 <title>Changes</title>
3160 Added documentation to tarball.
3167 <sect1 id="release-7-0-1">
3168 <title>Release 7.0.1</title>
3171 <title>Release date</title>
3172 <simpara>2000-06-01</simpara>
3176 This is a cleanup release for 7.0.
3180 <title>Migration to version 7.0.1</title>
3183 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
3189 <title>Changes</title>
3193 Fix many CLUSTER failures (Tom)
3194 Allow ALTER TABLE RENAME works on indexes (Tom)
3195 Fix plpgsql to handle datetime->timestamp and timespan->interval (Bruce)
3196 New configure --with-setproctitle switch to use setproctitle() (Marc, Bruce)
3197 Fix the off by one errors in ResultSet from 6.5.3, and more.
3198 jdbc ResultSet fixes (Joseph Shraibman)
3199 optimizer tunings (Tom)
3200 Fix create user for pgaccess
3201 Fix for UNLISTEN failure
3202 IRIX fixes (David Kaelbling)
3203 QNX fixes (Andreas Kardos)
3204 Reduce COPY IN lock level (Tom)
3205 Change libpqeasy to use PQconnectdb() style parameters (Bruce)
3206 Fix pg_dump to handle OID indexes (Tom)
3207 Fix small memory leak (Tom)
3208 Solaris fix for createdb/dropdb (Tatsuo)
3209 Fix for non-blocking connections (Alfred Perlstein)
3210 Fix improper recovery after RENAME TABLE failures (Tom)
3211 Copy pg_ident.conf.sample into /lib directory in install (Bruce)
3212 Add SJIS UDC (NEC selection IBM kanji) support (Eiji Tokuya)
3213 Fix too long syslog message (Tatsuo)
3214 Fix problem with quoted indexes that are too long (Tom)
3215 JDBC ResultSet.getTimestamp() fix (Gregory Krasnow & Floyd Marinescu)
3216 ecpg changes (Michael)
3222 <sect1 id="release-7-0">
3223 <title>Release 7.0</title>
3226 <title>Release date</title>
3227 <simpara>2000-05-08</simpara>
3231 This release contains improvements in many areas, demonstrating
3232 the continued growth of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
3233 There are more improvements and fixes in 7.0 than in any previous
3234 release. The developers have confidence that this is the best
3235 release yet; we do our best to put out only solid releases, and
3236 this one is no exception.
3240 Major changes in this release:
3249 Foreign keys are now implemented, with the exception of PARTIAL MATCH
3250 foreign keys. Many users have been asking for this feature, and we are
3251 pleased to offer it.
3262 Continuing on work started a year ago, the optimizer has been
3263 improved, allowing better query plan selection and faster performance
3264 with less memory usage.
3271 Updated <application>psql</application>
3275 <application>psql</application>, our interactive terminal monitor, has been
3276 updated with a variety of new features. See the <application>psql</application> manual page for details.
3287 SQL92 join syntax is now supported, though only as
3288 <literal>INNER JOIN</> for this release. <literal>JOIN</>,
3289 <literal>NATURAL JOIN</>, <literal>JOIN</>/<literal>USING</>,
3290 and <literal>JOIN</>/<literal>ON</> are available, as are
3291 column correlation names.
3303 In 7.1 or 7.2, we plan to have outer joins, storage for very long rows, and a
3304 write-ahead logging system.
3313 <title>Migration to version 7.0</title>
3316 A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application>
3317 is required for those wishing to migrate data from any
3318 previous release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
3319 For those upgrading from 6.5.*, you may instead use
3320 <application>pg_upgrade</application> to upgrade to this
3321 release; however, a full dump/reload installation is always the
3322 most robust method for upgrades.
3326 Interface and compatibility issues to consider for the new
3332 The date/time types <type>datetime</type> and
3333 <type>timespan</type> have been superseded by the
3334 SQL92-defined types <type>timestamp</type> and
3335 <type>interval</type>. Although there has been some effort to
3336 ease the transition by allowing
3337 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> to recognize
3338 the deprecated type names and translate them to the new type
3339 names, this mechanism may not be completely transparent to
3340 your existing application.
3346 The optimizer has been substantially improved in the area of
3347 query cost estimation. In some cases, this will result in
3348 decreased query times as the optimizer makes a better choice
3349 for the preferred plan. However, in a small number of cases,
3350 usually involving pathological distributions of data, your
3351 query times may go up. If you are dealing with large amounts
3352 of data, you may want to check your queries to verify
3359 The <acronym>JDBC</acronym> and <acronym>ODBC</acronym>
3360 interfaces have been upgraded and extended.
3366 The string function <function>CHAR_LENGTH</function> is now a
3367 native function. Previous versions translated this into a call
3368 to <function>LENGTH</function>, which could result in
3369 ambiguity with other types implementing
3370 <function>LENGTH</function> such as the geometric types.
3379 <title>Changes</title>
3385 Prevent function calls exceeding maximum number of arguments (Tom)
3386 Improve CASE construct (Tom)
3387 Fix SELECT coalesce(f1,0) FROM int4_tbl GROUP BY f1 (Tom)
3388 Fix SELECT sentence.words[0] FROM sentence GROUP BY sentence.words[0] (Tom)
3389 Fix GROUP BY scan bug (Tom)
3390 Improvements in SQL grammar processing (Tom)
3391 Fix for views involved in INSERT ... SELECT ... (Tom)
3392 Fix for SELECT a/2, a/2 FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY a/2 (Tom)
3393 Fix for subselects in INSERT ... SELECT (Tom)
3394 Prevent INSERT ... SELECT ... ORDER BY (Tom)
3395 Fixes for relations greater than 2GB, including vacuum
3396 Improve propagating system table changes to other backends (Tom)
3397 Improve propagating user table changes to other backends (Tom)
3398 Fix handling of temp tables in complex situations (Bruce, Tom)
3399 Allow table locking at table open, improving concurrent reliability (Tom)
3400 Properly quote sequence names in pg_dump (Ross J. Reedstrom)
3401 Prevent DROP DATABASE while others accessing
3402 Prevent any rows from being returned by GROUP BY if no rows processed (Tom)
3403 Fix SELECT COUNT(1) FROM table WHERE ...' if no rows matching WHERE (Tom)
3404 Fix pg_upgrade so it works for MVCC (Tom)
3405 Fix for SELECT ... WHERE x IN (SELECT ... HAVING SUM(x) > 1) (Tom)
3406 Fix for "f1 datetime DEFAULT 'now'" (Tom)
3407 Fix problems with CURRENT_DATE used in DEFAULT (Tom)
3408 Allow comment-only lines, and ;;; lines too. (Tom)
3409 Improve recovery after failed disk writes, disk full (Hiroshi)
3410 Fix cases where table is mentioned in FROM but not joined (Tom)
3411 Allow HAVING clause without aggregate functions (Tom)
3412 Fix for "--" comment and no trailing newline, as seen in perl interface
3413 Improve pg_dump failure error reports (Bruce)
3414 Allow sorts and hashes to exceed 2GB file sizes (Tom)
3415 Fix for pg_dump dumping of inherited rules (Tom)
3416 Fix for NULL handling comparisons (Tom)
3417 Fix inconsistent state caused by failed CREATE/DROP commands (Hiroshi)
3418 Fix for dbname with dash
3419 Prevent DROP INDEX from interfering with other backends (Tom)
3420 Fix file descriptor leak in verify_password()
3421 Fix for "Unable to identify an operator =$" problem
3422 Fix ODBC so no segfault if CommLog and Debug enabled (Dirk Niggemann)
3423 Fix for recursive exit call (Massimo)
3424 Fix for extra-long timezones (Jeroen van Vianen)
3425 Make pg_dump preserve primary key information (Peter E)
3426 Prevent databases with single quotes (Peter E)
3427 Prevent DROP DATABASE inside transaction (Peter E)
3428 ecpg memory leak fixes (Stephen Birch)
3429 Fix for SELECT null::text, SELECT int4fac(null) and SELECT 2 + (null) (Tom)
3430 Y2K timestamp fix (Massimo)
3431 Fix for VACUUM 'HEAP_MOVED_IN was not expected' errors (Tom)
3432 Fix for views with tables/columns containing spaces (Tom)
3433 Prevent permissions on indexes (Peter E)
3434 Fix for spinlock stuck problem when error is generated (Hiroshi)
3435 Fix ipcclean on Linux
3436 Fix handling of NULL constraint conditions (Tom)
3437 Fix memory leak in odbc driver (Nick Gorham)
3438 Fix for permission check on UNION tables (Tom)
3439 Fix to allow SELECT 'a' LIKE 'a' (Tom)
3440 Fix for SELECT 1 + NULL (Tom)
3442 Fix log() on numeric type (Tom)
3443 Deprecate ':' and ';' operators
3444 Allow vacuum of temporary tables
3445 Disallow inherited columns with the same name as new columns
3446 Recover or force failure when disk space is exhausted (Hiroshi)
3447 Fix INSERT INTO ... SELECT with AS columns matching result columns
3448 Fix INSERT ... SELECT ... GROUP BY groups by target columns not source columns (Tom)
3449 Fix CREATE TABLE test (a char(5) DEFAULT text '', b int4) with INSERT (Tom)
3450 Fix UNION with LIMIT
3451 Fix CREATE TABLE x AS SELECT 1 UNION SELECT 2
3452 Fix CREATE TABLE test(col char(2) DEFAULT user)
3453 Fix mismatched types in CREATE TABLE ... DEFAULT
3454 Fix SELECT * FROM pg_class where oid in (0,-1)
3455 Fix SELECT COUNT('asdf') FROM pg_class WHERE oid=12
3456 Prevent user who can create databases can modifying pg_database table (Peter E)
3457 Fix btree to give a useful elog when key > 1/2 (page - overhead) (Tom)
3458 Fix INSERT of 0.0 into DECIMAL(4,4) field (Tom)
3462 New CLI interface include file sqlcli.h, based on SQL3/SQL98
3463 Remove all limits on query length, row length limit still exists (Tom)
3464 Update jdbc protocol to 2.0 (Jens Glaser <email>jens@jens.de</email>)
3465 Add TRUNCATE command to quickly truncate relation (Mike Mascari)
3466 Fix to give super user and createdb user proper update catalog rights (Peter E)
3467 Allow ecpg bool variables to have NULL values (Christof)
3468 Issue ecpg error if NULL value for variable with no NULL indicator (Christof)
3469 Allow ^C to cancel COPY command (Massimo)
3470 Add SET FSYNC and SHOW PG_OPTIONS commands(Massimo)
3471 Function name overloading for dynamically-loaded C functions (Frankpitt)
3472 Add CmdTuples() to libpq++(Vince)
3473 New CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER and SET CONSTRAINTS commands(Jan)
3474 Allow CREATE FUNCTION/WITH clause to be used for all language types
3475 configure --enable-debug adds -g (Peter E)
3476 configure --disable-debug removes -g (Peter E)
3477 Allow more complex default expressions (Tom)
3478 First real FOREIGN KEY constraint trigger functionality (Jan)
3479 Add FOREIGN KEY ... MATCH FULL ... ON DELETE CASCADE (Jan)
3480 Add FOREIGN KEY ... MATCH <unspecified> referential actions (Don Baccus)
3481 Allow WHERE restriction on ctid (physical heap location) (Hiroshi)
3482 Move pginterface from contrib to interface directory, rename to pgeasy (Bruce)
3483 Change pgeasy connectdb() parameter ordering (Bruce)
3484 Require SELECT DISTINCT target list to have all ORDER BY columns (Tom)
3485 Add Oracle's COMMENT ON command (Mike Mascari <email>mascarim@yahoo.com</email>)
3486 libpq's PQsetNoticeProcessor function now returns previous hook(Peter E)
3487 Prevent PQsetNoticeProcessor from being set to NULL (Peter E)
3488 Make USING in COPY optional (Bruce)
3489 Allow subselects in the target list (Tom)
3490 Allow subselects on the left side of comparison operators (Tom)
3491 New parallel regression test (Jan)
3492 Change backend-side COPY to write files with permissions 644 not 666 (Tom)
3493 Force permissions on PGDATA directory to be secure, even if it exists (Tom)
3494 Added psql LASTOID variable to return last inserted oid (Peter E)
3495 Allow concurrent vacuum and remove pg_vlock vacuum lock file (Tom)
3496 Add permissions check for vacuum (Peter E)
3497 New libpq functions to allow asynchronous connections: PQconnectStart(),
3498 PQconnectPoll(), PQresetStart(), PQresetPoll(), PQsetenvStart(),
3499 PQsetenvPoll(), PQsetenvAbort (Ewan Mellor)
3500 New libpq PQsetenv() function (Ewan Mellor)
3501 create/alter user extension (Peter E)
3502 New postmaster.pid and postmaster.opts under $PGDATA (Tatsuo)
3503 New scripts for create/drop user/db (Peter E)
3504 Major psql overhaul (Peter E)
3505 Add const to libpq interface (Peter E)
3506 New libpq function PQoidValue (Peter E)
3507 Show specific non-aggregate causing problem with GROUP BY (Tom)
3508 Make changes to pg_shadow recreate pg_pwd file (Peter E)
3509 Add aggregate(DISTINCT ...) (Tom)
3510 Allow flag to control COPY input/output of NULLs (Peter E)
3511 Make postgres user have a password by default (Peter E)
3512 Add CREATE/ALTER/DROP GROUP (Peter E)
3513 All administration scripts now support --long options (Peter E, Karel)
3514 Vacuumdb script now supports --all option (Peter E)
3515 ecpg new portable FETCH syntax
3516 Add ecpg EXEC SQL IFDEF, EXEC SQL IFNDEF, EXEC SQL ELSE, EXEC SQL ELIF
3517 and EXEC SQL ENDIF directives
3518 Add pg_ctl script to control backend start-up (Tatsuo)
3519 Add postmaster.opts.default file to store start-up flags (Tatsuo)
3520 Allow --with-mb=SQL_ASCII
3521 Increase maximum number of index keys to 16 (Bruce)
3522 Increase maximum number of function arguments to 16 (Bruce)
3523 Allow configuration of maximum number of index keys and arguments (Bruce)
3524 Allow unprivileged users to change their passwords (Peter E)
3525 Password authentication enabled; required for new users (Peter E)
3526 Disallow dropping a user who owns a database (Peter E)
3527 Change initdb option --with-mb to --enable-multibyte
3528 Add option for initdb to prompts for superuser password (Peter E)
3529 Allow complex type casts like col::numeric(9,2) and col::int2::float8 (Tom)
3530 Updated user interfaces on initdb, initlocation, pg_dump, ipcclean (Peter E)
3531 New pg_char_to_encoding() and pg_encoding_to_char() functions (Tatsuo)
3532 libpq non-blocking mode (Alfred Perlstein)
3533 Improve conversion of types in casts that don't specify a length
3534 New plperl internal programming language (Mark Hollomon)
3535 Allow COPY IN to read file that do not end with a newline (Tom)
3536 Indicate when long identifiers are truncated (Tom)
3537 Allow aggregates to use type equivalency (Peter E)
3538 Add Oracle's to_char(), to_date(), to_datetime(), to_timestamp(), to_number()
3539 conversion functions (Karel Zak <zakkr@zf.jcu.cz>)
3540 Add SELECT DISTINCT ON (expr [, expr ...]) targetlist ... (Tom)
3541 Check to be sure ORDER BY is compatible with the DISTINCT operation (Tom)
3542 Add NUMERIC and int8 types to ODBC
3543 Improve EXPLAIN results for Append, Group, Agg, Unique (Tom)
3544 Add ALTER TABLE ... ADD FOREIGN KEY (Stephan Szabo)
3545 Allow SELECT .. FOR UPDATE in PL/pgSQL (Hiroshi)
3546 Enable backward sequential scan even after reaching EOF (Hiroshi)
3547 Add btree indexing of boolean values, >= and <= (Don Baccus)
3548 Print current line number when COPY FROM fails (Massimo)
3549 Recognize POSIX time zone e.g. "PST+8" and "GMT-8" (Thomas)
3550 Add DEC as synonym for DECIMAL (Thomas)
3551 Add SESSION_USER as SQL92 key word, same as CURRENT_USER (Thomas)
3552 Implement SQL92 column aliases (aka correlation names) (Thomas)
3553 Implement SQL92 join syntax (Thomas)
3554 Make INTERVAL reserved word allowed as a column identifier (Thomas)
3555 Implement REINDEX command (Hiroshi)
3556 Accept ALL in aggregate function SUM(ALL col) (Tom)
3557 Prevent GROUP BY from using column aliases (Tom)
3558 New psql \encoding option (Tatsuo)
3559 Allow PQrequestCancel() to terminate when in waiting-for-lock state (Hiroshi)
3560 Allow negation of a negative number in all cases
3561 Add ecpg descriptors (Christof, Michael)
3562 Allow CREATE VIEW v AS SELECT f1::char(8) FROM tbl
3563 Allow casts with length, like foo::char(8)
3564 New libpq functions PQsetClientEncoding(), PQclientEncoding() (Tatsuo)
3565 Add support for SJIS user defined characters (Tatsuo)
3566 Larger views/rules supported
3567 Make libpq's PQconndefaults() thread-safe (Tom)
3568 Disable // as comment to be ANSI conforming, should use -- (Tom)
3569 Allow column aliases on views CREATE VIEW name (collist)
3570 Fixes for views with subqueries (Tom)
3571 Allow UPDATE table SET fld = (SELECT ...) (Tom)
3572 SET command options no longer require quotes
3573 Update pgaccess to 0.98.6
3574 New SET SEED command
3575 New pg_options.sample file
3576 New SET FSYNC command (Massimo)
3577 Allow pg_descriptions when creating tables
3578 Allow pg_descriptions when creating types, columns, and functions
3579 Allow psql \copy to allow delimiters (Peter E)
3580 Allow psql to print nulls as distinct from "" [null] (Peter E)
3584 Many array fixes (Tom)
3585 Allow bare column names to be subscripted as arrays (Tom)
3586 Improve type casting of int and float constants (Tom)
3587 Cleanups for int8 inputs, range checking, and type conversion (Tom)
3588 Fix for SELECT timespan('21:11:26'::time) (Tom)
3589 netmask('x.x.x.x/0') is 255.255.255.255 instead of 0.0.0.0 (Oleg Sharoiko)
3590 Add btree index on NUMERIC (Jan)
3591 Perl fix for large objects containing NUL characters (Douglas Thomson)
3592 ODBC fix for for large objects (free)
3593 Fix indexing of cidr data type
3594 Fix for Ethernet MAC addresses (macaddr type) comparisons
3595 Fix for date/time types when overflows happened in computations (Tom)
3596 Allow array on int8 (Peter E)
3597 Fix for rounding/overflow of NUMERIC type, like NUMERIC(4,4) (Tom)
3598 Allow NUMERIC arrays
3599 Fix bugs in NUMERIC ceil() and floor() functions (Tom)
3600 Make char_length()/octet_length including trailing blanks (Tom)
3601 Made abstime/reltime use int4 instead of time_t (Peter E)
3602 New lztext data type for compressed text fields
3603 Revise code to handle coercion of int and float constants (Tom)
3604 Start at new code to implement a BIT and BIT VARYING type (Adriaan Joubert)
3605 NUMERIC now accepts scientific notation (Tom)
3606 NUMERIC to int4 rounds (Tom)
3607 Convert float4/8 to NUMERIC properly (Tom)
3608 Allow type conversion with NUMERIC (Thomas)
3609 Make ISO date style (2000-02-16 09:33) the default (Thomas)
3610 Add NATIONAL CHAR [ VARYING ] (Thomas)
3611 Allow NUMERIC round and trunc to accept negative scales (Tom)
3612 New TIME WITH TIME ZONE type (Thomas)
3613 Add MAX()/MIN() on time type (Thomas)
3614 Add abs(), mod(), fac() for int8 (Thomas)
3615 Rename functions to round(), sqrt(), cbrt(), pow() for float8 (Thomas)
3616 Add transcendental math functions (e.g. sin(), acos()) for float8 (Thomas)
3617 Add exp() and ln() for NUMERIC type
3618 Rename NUMERIC power() to pow() (Thomas)
3619 Improved TRANSLATE() function (Edwin Ramirez, Tom)
3620 Allow X=-Y operators (Tom)
3621 Allow SELECT float8(COUNT(*))/(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM t) FROM t GROUP BY f1; (Tom)
3622 Allow LOCALE to use indexes in regular expression searches (Tom)
3623 Allow creation of functional indexes to use default types
3627 Prevent exponential space consumption with many AND's and OR's (Tom)
3628 Collect attribute selectivity values for system columns (Tom)
3629 Reduce memory usage of aggregates (Tom)
3630 Fix for LIKE optimization to use indexes with multibyte encodings (Tom)
3631 Fix r-tree index optimizer selectivity (Thomas)
3632 Improve optimizer selectivity computations and functions (Tom)
3633 Optimize btree searching for cases where many equal keys exist (Tom)
3634 Enable fast LIKE index processing only if index present (Tom)
3635 Re-use free space on index pages with duplicates (Tom)
3636 Improve hash join processing (Tom)
3637 Prevent descending sort if result is already sorted(Hiroshi)
3638 Allow commuting of index scan query qualifications (Tom)
3639 Prefer index scans in cases where ORDER BY/GROUP BY is required (Tom)
3640 Allocate large memory requests in fix-sized chunks for performance (Tom)
3641 Fix vacuum's performance by reducing memory allocation requests (Tom)
3642 Implement constant-expression simplification (Bernard Frankpitt, Tom)
3643 Use secondary columns to be used to determine start of index scan (Hiroshi)
3644 Prevent quadruple use of disk space when doing internal sorting (Tom)
3645 Faster sorting by calling fewer functions (Tom)
3646 Create system indexes to match all system caches (Bruce, Hiroshi)
3647 Make system caches use system indexes (Bruce)
3648 Make all system indexes unique (Bruce)
3649 Improve pg_statistics management for VACUUM speed improvement (Tom)
3650 Flush backend cache less frequently (Tom, Hiroshi)
3651 COPY now reuses previous memory allocation, improving performance (Tom)
3652 Improve optimization cost estimation (Tom)
3653 Improve optimizer estimate of range queries x > lowbound AND x < highbound (Tom)
3654 Use DNF instead of CNF where appropriate (Tom, Taral)
3655 Further cleanup for OR-of-AND WHERE-clauses (Tom)
3656 Make use of index in OR clauses (x = 1 AND y = 2) OR (x = 2 AND y = 4) (Tom)
3657 Smarter optimizer computations for random index page access (Tom)
3658 New SET variable to control optimizer costs (Tom)
3659 Optimizer queries based on LIMIT, OFFSET, and EXISTS qualifications (Tom)
3660 Reduce optimizer internal housekeeping of join paths for speedup (Tom)
3661 Major subquery speedup (Tom)
3662 Fewer fsync writes when fsync is not disabled (Tom)
3663 Improved LIKE optimizer estimates (Tom)
3664 Prevent fsync in SELECT-only queries (Vadim)
3665 Make index creation use psort code, because it is now faster (Tom)
3666 Allow creation of sort temp tables > 1 Gig
3670 Fix for linux PPC compile
3671 New generic expression-tree-walker subroutine (Tom)
3672 Change form() to varargform() to prevent portability problems
3673 Improved range checking for large integers on Alphas
3674 Clean up #include in /include directory (Bruce)
3675 Add scripts for checking includes (Bruce)
3676 Remove un-needed #include's from *.c files (Bruce)
3677 Change #include's to use <> and "" as appropriate (Bruce)
3678 Enable WIN32 compilation of libpq
3679 Alpha spinlock fix from Uncle George <email>gatgul@voicenet.com</email>
3680 Overhaul of optimizer data structures (Tom)
3681 Fix to cygipc library (Yutaka Tanida)
3682 Allow pgsql to work on newer Cygwin snapshots (Dan)
3683 New catalog version number (Tom)
3685 Rename heap_replace to heap_update
3686 Update for QNX (Dr. Andreas Kardos)
3687 New platform-specific regression handling (Tom)
3688 Rename oid8 -> oidvector and int28 -> int2vector (Bruce)
3689 Included all yacc and lex files into the distribution (Peter E.)
3690 Remove lextest, no longer needed (Peter E)
3691 Fix for libpq and psql on Win32 (Magnus)
3692 Internally change datetime and timespan into timestamp and interval (Thomas)
3693 Fix for plpgsql on BSD/OS
3694 Add SQL_ASCII test case to the regression test (Tatsuo)
3695 configure --with-mb now deprecated (Tatsuo)
3697 NetBSD fixes (Johnny C. Lam <email>lamj@stat.cmu.edu</email>)
3698 Fixes for Alpha compiles
3699 New multibyte encodings
3705 <sect1 id="release-6-5-3">
3706 <title>Release 6.5.3</title>
3709 <title>Release date</title>
3710 <simpara>1999-10-13</simpara>
3714 This is basically a cleanup release for 6.5.2. We have added a new
3715 <application>PgAccess</> that was missing in 6.5.2, and installed an NT-specific fix.
3720 <title>Migration to version 6.5.3</title>
3723 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
3728 <title>Changes</title>
3732 Updated version of pgaccess 0.98
3734 Fix dumping rules on inherited tables
3741 <sect1 id="release-6-5-2">
3742 <title>Release 6.5.2</title>
3745 <title>Release date</title>
3746 <simpara>1999-09-15</simpara>
3750 This is basically a cleanup release for 6.5.1. We have fixed a variety of
3751 problems reported by 6.5.1 users.
3756 <title>Migration to version 6.5.2</title>
3759 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
3765 <title>Changes</title>
3769 subselect+CASE fixes(Tom)
3770 Add SHLIB_LINK setting for solaris_i386 and solaris_sparc ports(Daren Sefcik)
3771 Fixes for CASE in WHERE join clauses(Tom)
3772 Fix BTScan abort(Tom)
3773 Repair the check for redundant UNIQUE and PRIMARY KEY indexes(Thomas)
3774 Improve it so that it checks for multicolumn constraints(Thomas)
3775 Fix for Win32 making problem with MB enabled(Hiroki Kataoka)
3776 Allow BSD yacc and bison to compile pl code(Bruce)
3777 Fix SET NAMES working
3779 Fix vacuum's memory consumption(Hiroshi,Tatsuo)
3780 Reduce the total memory consumption of vacuum(Tom)
3781 Fix for timestamp(datetime)
3782 Rule deparsing bugfixes(Tom)
3783 Fix quoting problems in mkMakefile.tcldefs.sh.in and mkMakefile.tkdefs.sh.in(Tom)
3784 This is to re-use space on index pages freed by vacuum(Vadim)
3785 document -x for pg_dump(Bruce)
3786 Fix for unary operators in rule deparser(Tom)
3787 Comment out FileUnlink of excess segments during mdtruncate()(Tom)
3788 IRIX linking fix from Yu Cao >yucao@falcon.kla-tencor.com<
3789 Repair logic error in LIKE: should not return LIKE_ABORT
3790 when reach end of pattern before end of text(Tom)
3791 Repair incorrect cleanup of heap memory allocation during transaction abort(Tom)
3792 Updated version of pgaccess 0.98
3798 <sect1 id="release-6-5-1">
3799 <title>Release 6.5.1</title>
3802 <title>Release date</title>
3803 <simpara>1999-07-15</simpara>
3807 This is basically a cleanup release for 6.5. We have fixed a variety of
3808 problems reported by 6.5 users.
3812 <title>Migration to version 6.5.1</title>
3815 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
3821 <title>Changes</title>
3826 Portability fixes for linux_ppc, IRIX, linux_alpha, OpenBSD, alpha
3827 Remove QUERY_LIMIT, use SELECT...LIMIT
3828 Fix for EXPLAIN on inheritance(Tom)
3829 Patch to allow vacuum on multisegment tables(Hiroshi)
3830 R-Tree optimizer selectivity fix(Tom)
3831 ACL file descriptor leak fix(Atsushi Ogawa)
3832 New expresssion subtree code(Tom)
3833 Avoid disk writes for read-only transactions(Vadim)
3834 Fix for removal of temp tables if last transaction was aborted(Bruce)
3835 Fix to prevent too large row from being created(Bruce)
3837 Allow port numbers 32k - 64k(Bruce)
3838 Add ^ precidence(Bruce)
3839 Rename sort files called pg_temp to pg_sorttemp(Bruce)
3840 Fix for microseconds in time values(Tom)
3841 Tutorial source cleanup
3843 Fix for sorting of NULL's in some cases(Tom)
3844 Shared library dependencies fixed (Tom)
3845 Fixed glitches affecting GROUP BY in subselects(Tom)
3846 Fix some compiler warnings (Tomoaki Nishiyama)
3847 Add Win1250 (Czech) support (Pavel Behal)
3853 <sect1 id="release-6-5">
3854 <title>Release 6.5</title>
3857 <title>Release date</title>
3858 <simpara>1999-06-09</simpara>
3862 This release marks a major step in the development team's mastery of the source
3863 code we inherited from Berkeley. You will see we are now easily adding
3864 major features, thanks to the increasing size and experience of our
3865 world-wide development team.
3869 Here is a brief summary of the more notable changes:
3874 Multiversion concurrency control(MVCC)
3878 This removes our old
3879 table-level locking, and replaces it with a locking system that is
3880 superior to most commercial database systems. In a traditional system,
3881 each row that is modified is locked until committed, preventing reads by
3882 other users. MVCC uses the natural multiversion nature of PostgreSQL
3883 to allow readers to continue reading consistent data during writer
3884 activity. Writers continue to use the compact pg_log transaction
3885 system. This is all performed without having to allocate a lock for
3886 every row like traditional database systems. So, basically, we no
3887 longer are restricted by simple table-level locking;
3888 we have something better than row-level locking.
3895 Hot backups from <application>pg_dump</application>
3899 <application>pg_dump</application> takes advantage of the new
3900 MVCC features to give a consistent database dump/backup while
3901 the database stays online and available for queries.
3912 We now have a true numeric data type, with
3913 user-specified precision.
3924 Temporary tables are guaranteed to have unique names
3925 within a database session, and are destroyed on session exit.
3936 We now have CASE, INTERSECT, and EXCEPT statement
3937 support. We have new LIMIT/OFFSET, SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL,
3938 SELECT ... FOR UPDATE, and an improved LOCK TABLE command.
3949 We continue to speed up PostgreSQL, thanks to the variety of
3950 talents within our team. We have sped up memory allocation,
3951 optimization, table joins, and row transfer routines.
3962 We continue to expand our port list, this time including
3963 <systemitem class="osname">Windows NT</>/<systemitem>ix86</> and <systemitem class="osname">NetBSD</>/<systemitem>arm32</>.
3974 Most interfaces have new versions, and existing functionality
3986 New and updated material is present throughout the
3987 documentation. New <acronym>FAQ</acronym>s have been
3988 contributed for <systemitem class="osname">SGI</> and <systemitem class="osname">AIX</> platforms.
3989 The <citetitle>Tutorial</citetitle> has introductory information
3990 on <acronym>SQL</acronym> from Stefan Simkovics.
3991 For the <citetitle>User's Guide</citetitle>, there are
3992 reference pages covering the postmaster and more utility
3993 programs, and a new appendix
3994 contains details on date/time behavior.
3995 The <citetitle>Administrator's Guide</citetitle> has a new
3996 chapter on troubleshooting from Tom Lane.
3997 And the <citetitle>Programmer's Guide</citetitle> has a
3998 description of query processing, also from Stefan, and details
3999 on obtaining the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> source
4000 tree via anonymous <productname>CVS</productname> and
4001 <productname>CVSup</productname>.
4009 <title>Migration to version 6.5</title>
4012 A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application>
4013 is required for those wishing to migrate data from any
4014 previous release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
4015 <application>pg_upgrade</application> can <emphasis>not</emphasis>
4016 be used to upgrade to this release because the on-disk structure
4017 of the tables has changed compared to previous releases.
4021 The new Multiversion Concurrency Control (MVCC) features can
4022 give somewhat different behaviors in multiuser
4023 environments. <emphasis>Read and understand the following section
4024 to ensure that your existing applications will give you the
4025 behavior you need.</emphasis>
4029 <title>Multiversion Concurrency Control</title>
4032 Because readers in 6.5 don't lock data, regardless of transaction
4033 isolation level, data read by one transaction can be overwritten by
4034 another. In other words, if a row is returned by
4035 <command>SELECT</command> it doesn't mean that this row really exists
4036 at the time it is returned (i.e. sometime after the statement or
4037 transaction began) nor that the row is protected from being deleted or
4038 updated by concurrent transactions before the current transaction does
4039 a commit or rollback.
4043 To ensure the actual existence of a row and protect it against
4044 concurrent updates one must use <command>SELECT FOR UPDATE</command> or
4045 an appropriate <command>LOCK TABLE</command> statement. This should be
4046 taken into account when porting applications from previous releases of
4047 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> and other environments.
4051 Keep the above in mind if you are using
4052 <filename>contrib/refint.*</filename> triggers for
4053 referential integrity. Additional techniques are required now. One way is
4054 to use <command>LOCK parent_table IN SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE MODE</command>
4055 command if a transaction is going to update/delete a primary key and
4056 use <command>LOCK parent_table IN SHARE MODE</command> command if a
4057 transaction is going to update/insert a foreign key.
4061 Note that if you run a transaction in SERIALIZABLE mode then you must
4062 execute the <command>LOCK</command> commands above before execution of any
4063 <acronym>DML</acronym> statement
4064 (<command>SELECT/INSERT/DELETE/UPDATE/FETCH/COPY_TO</command>) in the
4071 These inconveniences will disappear in the future
4072 when the ability to read dirty
4073 (uncommitted) data (regardless of isolation level) and true referential
4074 integrity will be implemented.
4080 <title>Changes</title>
4086 Fix text<->float8 and text<->float4 conversion functions(Thomas)
4087 Fix for creating tables with mixed-case constraints(Billy)
4088 Change exp()/pow() behavior to generate error on underflow/overflow(Jan)
4089 Fix bug in pg_dump -z
4090 Memory overrun cleanups(Tatsuo)
4091 Fix for lo_import crash(Tatsuo)
4092 Adjust handling of data type names to suppress double quotes(Thomas)
4093 Use type coercion for matching columns and DEFAULT(Thomas)
4094 Fix deadlock so it only checks once after one second of sleep(Bruce)
4095 Fixes for aggregates and PL/pgsql(Hiroshi)
4096 Fix for subquery crash(Vadim)
4097 Fix for libpq function PQfnumber and case-insensitive names(Bahman Rafatjoo)
4098 Fix for large object write-in-middle, no extra block, memory consumption(Tatsuo)
4099 Fix for pg_dump -d or -D and quote special characters in INSERT
4100 Repair serious problems with dynahash(Tom)
4101 Fix INET/CIDR portability problems
4102 Fix problem with selectivity error in ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN(Bruce)
4103 Fix executor so mergejoin of different column types works(Tom)
4104 Fix for Alpha OR selectivity bug
4105 Fix OR index selectivity problem(Bruce)
4106 Fix so \d shows proper length for char()/varchar()(Ryan)
4107 Fix tutorial code(Clark)
4108 Improve destroyuser checking(Oliver)
4109 Fix for Kerberos(Rodney McDuff)
4110 Fix for dropping database while dirty buffers(Bruce)
4111 Fix so sequence nextval() can be case-sensitive(Bruce)
4113 Drop buffers before destroying database files(Bruce)
4114 Fix case where executor evaluates functions twice(Tatsuo)
4115 Allow sequence nextval actions to be case-sensitive(Bruce)
4116 Fix optimizer indexing not working for negative numbers(Bruce)
4117 Fix for memory leak in executor with fjIsNull
4118 Fix for aggregate memory leaks(Erik Riedel)
4119 Allow username containing a dash GRANT permissions
4120 Cleanup of NULL in inet types
4121 Clean up system table bugs(Tom)
4122 Fix problems of PAGER and \? command(Masaaki Sakaida)
4123 Reduce default multisegment file size limit to 1GB(Peter)
4124 Fix for dumping of CREATE OPERATOR(Tom)
4125 Fix for backward scanning of cursors(Hiroshi Inoue)
4126 Fix for COPY FROM STDIN when using \i(Tom)
4127 Fix for subselect is compared inside an expression(Jan)
4128 Fix handling of error reporting while returning rows(Tom)
4129 Fix problems with reference to array types(Tom,Jan)
4130 Prevent UPDATE SET oid(Jan)
4131 Fix pg_dump so -t option can handle case-sensitive tablenames
4132 Fixes for GROUP BY in special cases(Tom, Jan)
4133 Fix for memory leak in failed queries(Tom)
4134 DEFAULT now supports mixed-case identifiers(Tom)
4135 Fix for multisegment uses of DROP/RENAME table, indexes(Ole Gjerde)
4136 Disable use of pg_dump with both -o and -d options(Bruce)
4137 Allow pg_dump to properly dump GROUP permissions(Bruce)
4138 Fix GROUP BY in INSERT INTO table SELECT * FROM table2(Jan)
4139 Fix for computations in views(Jan)
4140 Fix for aggregates on array indexes(Tom)
4141 Fix for DEFAULT handles single quotes in value requiring too many quotes
4142 Fix security problem with non-super users importing/exporting large objects(Tom)
4143 Rollback of transaction that creates table cleaned up properly(Tom)
4144 Fix to allow long table and column names to generate proper serial names(Tom)
4148 Add "vacuumdb" utility
4149 Speed up libpq by allocating memory better(Tom)
4150 EXPLAIN all indexes used(Tom)
4151 Implement CASE, COALESCE, NULLIF expression(Thomas)
4152 New pg_dump table output format(Constantin)
4153 Add string min()/max() functions(Thomas)
4154 Extend new type coercion techniques to aggregates(Thomas)
4155 New moddatetime contrib(Terry)
4156 Update to pgaccess 0.96(Constantin)
4157 Add routines for single-byte "char" type(Thomas)
4158 Improved substr() function(Thomas)
4159 Improved multibyte handling(Tatsuo)
4160 Multiversion concurrency control/MVCC(Vadim)
4161 New Serialized mode(Vadim)
4162 Fix for tables over 2gigs(Peter)
4163 New SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL(Vadim)
4164 New LOCK TABLE IN ... MODE(Vadim)
4165 Update ODBC driver(Byron)
4166 New NUMERIC data type(Jan)
4167 New SELECT FOR UPDATE(Vadim)
4168 Handle "NaN" and "Infinity" for input values(Jan)
4169 Improved date/year handling(Thomas)
4170 Improved handling of backend connections(Magnus)
4171 New options ELOG_TIMESTAMPS and USE_SYSLOG options for log files(Massimo)
4172 New TCL_ARRAYS option(Massimo)
4173 New INTERSECT and EXCEPT(Stefan)
4174 New pg_index.indisprimary for primary key tracking(D'Arcy)
4175 New pg_dump option to allow dropping of tables before creation(Brook)
4176 Speedup of row output routines(Tom)
4177 New READ COMMITTED isolation level(Vadim)
4178 New TEMP tables/indexes(Bruce)
4179 Prevent sorting if result is already sorted(Jan)
4180 New memory allocation optimization(Jan)
4181 Allow psql to do \p\g(Bruce)
4182 Allow multiple rule actions(Jan)
4183 Added LIMIT/OFFSET functionality(Jan)
4184 Improve optimizer when joining a large number of tables(Bruce)
4185 New intro to SQL from S. Simkovics' Master's Thesis (Stefan, Thomas)
4186 New intro to backend processing from S. Simkovics' Master's Thesis (Stefan)
4187 Improved int8 support(Ryan Bradetich, Thomas, Tom)
4188 New routines to convert between int8 and text/varchar types(Thomas)
4189 New bushy plans, where meta-tables are joined(Bruce)
4190 Enable right-hand queries by default(Bruce)
4191 Allow reliable maximum number of backends to be set at configure time
4192 (--with-maxbackends and postmaster switch (-N backends))(Tom)
4193 GEQO default now 10 tables because of optimizer speedups(Tom)
4194 Allow NULL=Var for MS-SQL portability(Michael, Bruce)
4195 Modify contrib check_primary_key() so either "automatic" or "dependent"(Anand)
4196 Allow psql \d on a view show query(Ryan)
4197 Speedup for LIKE(Bruce)
4198 Ecpg fixes/features, see src/interfaces/ecpg/ChangeLog file(Michael)
4199 JDBC fixes/features, see src/interfaces/jdbc/CHANGELOG(Peter)
4200 Make % operator have precedence like /(Bruce)
4201 Add new postgres -O option to allow system table structure changes(Bruce)
4202 Update contrib/pginterface/findoidjoins script(Tom)
4203 Major speedup in vacuum of deleted rows with indexes(Vadim)
4204 Allow non-SQL functions to run different versions based on arguments(Tom)
4205 Add -E option that shows actual queries sent by \dt and friends(Masaaki Sakaida)
4206 Add version number in start-up banners for psql(Masaaki Sakaida)
4207 New contrib/vacuumlo removes large objects not referenced(Peter)
4208 New initialization for table sizes so non-vacuumed tables perform better(Tom)
4209 Improve error messages when a connection is rejected(Tom)
4210 Support for arrays of char() and varchar() fields(Massimo)
4211 Overhaul of hash code to increase reliability and performance(Tom)
4212 Update to PyGreSQL 2.4(D'Arcy)
4213 Changed debug options so -d4 and -d5 produce different node displays(Jan)
4214 New pg_options: pretty_plan, pretty_parse, pretty_rewritten(Jan)
4215 Better optimization statistics for system table access(Tom)
4216 Better handling of non-default block sizes(Massimo)
4217 Improve GEQO optimizer memory consumption(Tom)
4218 UNION now suppports ORDER BY of columns not in target list(Jan)
4219 Major libpq++ improvements(Vince Vielhaber)
4220 pg_dump now uses -z(ACL's) as default(Bruce)
4221 backend cache, memory speedups(Tom)
4222 have pg_dump do everything in one snapshot transaction(Vadim)
4223 fix for large object memory leakage, fix for pg_dumping(Tom)
4224 INET type now respects netmask for comparisons
4225 Make VACUUM ANALYZE only use a readlock(Vadim)
4226 Allow VIEWs on UNIONS(Jan)
4227 pg_dump now can generate consistent snapshots on active databases(Vadim)
4231 Improve port matching(Tom)
4232 Portability fixes for SunOS
4233 Add NT/Win32 backend port and enable dynamic loading(Magnus and Daniel Horak)
4234 New port to Cobalt Qube(Mips) running Linux(Tatsuo)
4235 Port to NetBSD/m68k(Mr. Mutsuki Nakajima)
4236 Port to NetBSD/sun3(Mr. Mutsuki Nakajima)
4237 Port to NetBSD/macppc(Toshimi Aoki)
4238 Fix for tcl/tk configuration(Vince)
4239 Removed CURRENT key word for rule queries(Jan)
4240 NT dynamic loading now works(Daniel Horak)
4241 Add ARM32 support(Andrew McMurry)
4242 Better support for HP-UX 11 and UnixWare
4243 Improve file handling to be more uniform, prevent file descriptor leak(Tom)
4244 New install commands for plpgsql(Jan)
4251 <sect1 id="release-6-4-2">
4252 <title>Release 6.4.2</title>
4255 <title>Release date</title>
4256 <simpara>1998-12-20</simpara>
4260 The 6.4.1 release was improperly packaged. This also has one additional
4266 <title>Migration to version 6.4.2</title>
4269 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
4274 <title>Changes</title>
4278 Fix for datetime constant problem on some platforms(Thomas)
4286 <sect1 id="release-6-4-1">
4287 <title>Release 6.4.1</title>
4290 <title>Release date</title>
4291 <simpara>1998-12-18</simpara>
4295 This is basically a cleanup release for 6.4. We have fixed a variety of
4296 problems reported by 6.4 users.
4301 <title>Migration to version 6.4.1</title>
4304 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
4309 <title>Changes</title>
4313 Add pg_dump -N flag to force double quotes around identifiers. This is
4315 Fix for NOT in where clause causing crash(Bruce)
4316 EXPLAIN VERBOSE coredump fix(Vadim)
4317 Fix shared-library problems on Linux
4318 Fix test for table existence to allow mixed-case and whitespace in
4319 the table name(Thomas)
4320 Fix a couple of pg_dump bugs
4321 Configure matches template/.similar entries better(Tom)
4322 Change builtin function names from SPI_* to spi_*
4323 OR WHERE clause fix(Vadim)
4324 Fixes for mixed-case table names(Billy)
4325 contrib/linux/postgres.init.csh/sh fix(Thomas)
4326 libpq memory overrun fix
4328 Change exp() behavior to generate error on underflow(Thomas)
4329 pg_dump fixes for memory leak, inheritance constraints, layout change
4330 update pgaccess to 0.93
4331 Fix prototype for 64-bit platforms
4332 Multibyte fixes(Tatsuo)
4334 Fix memory overruns(Tatsuo)
4335 Fix for lo_import() crash(Bruce)
4336 Better search for install program(Tom)
4339 Use implicit type coercion for matching DEFAULT values(Thomas)
4340 Add routines to help with single-byte (internal) character type(Thomas)
4341 Compilation of libpq for Win32 fixes(Magnus)
4342 Upgrade to PyGreSQL 2.2(D'Arcy)
4350 <sect1 id="release-6-4">
4351 <title>Release 6.4</title>
4354 <title>Release date</title>
4355 <simpara>1998-10-30</simpara>
4359 There are <emphasis>many</emphasis> new features and improvements in this release.
4360 Thanks to our developers and maintainers, nearly every aspect of the system
4361 has received some attention since the previous release.
4362 Here is a brief, incomplete summary:
4367 Views and rules are now functional thanks to extensive new code in the
4368 rewrite rules system from Jan Wieck. He also wrote a chapter on it
4369 for the <citetitle>Programmer's Guide</citetitle>.
4374 Jan also contributed a second procedural language, <application>PL/pgSQL</application>, to go with the
4375 original <application>PL/pgTCL</application> procedural language he contributed last release.
4381 We have optional multiple-byte character set support from Tatsuo Ishii
4382 to complement our existing locale support.
4388 Client/server communications has been cleaned up, with better support for
4389 asynchronous messages and interrupts thanks to Tom Lane.
4395 The parser will now perform automatic type coercion to match arguments
4396 to available operators and functions, and to match columns and expressions
4397 with target columns. This uses a generic mechanism which supports
4398 the type extensibility features of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
4399 There is a new chapter in the <citetitle>User's Guide</citetitle>
4400 which covers this topic.
4406 Three new data types have been added.
4407 Two types, <type>inet</type> and <type>cidr</type>, support various forms
4408 of IP network, subnet, and machine addressing. There is now an 8-byte integer
4409 type available on some platforms. See the chapter on data types
4410 in the <citetitle>User's Guide</citetitle> for details.
4411 A fourth type, <type>serial</type>, is now supported by the parser as an
4412 amalgam of the <type>int4</type> type, a sequence, and a unique index.
4418 Several more <acronym>SQL92</acronym>-compatible syntax features have been
4419 added, including <command>INSERT DEFAULT VALUES</command>
4425 The automatic configuration and installation system has received some
4426 attention, and should be more robust for more platforms than it has ever
4435 <title>Migration to version 6.4</title>
4438 A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application>
4439 or <application>pg_dumpall</application>
4440 is required for those wishing to migrate data from any
4441 previous release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
4446 <title>Changes</title>
4452 Fix for a tiny memory leak in PQsetdb/PQfinish(Bryan)
4453 Remove char2-16 data types, use char/varchar(Darren)
4454 Pqfn not handles a NOTICE message(Anders)
4455 Reduced busywaiting overhead for spinlocks with many backends (dg)
4456 Stuck spinlock detection (dg)
4457 Fix up "ISO-style" timespan decoding and encoding(Thomas)
4458 Fix problem with table drop after rollback of transaction(Vadim)
4459 Change error message and remove non-functional update message(Vadim)
4460 Fix for COPY array checking
4461 Fix for SELECT 1 UNION SELECT NULL
4462 Fix for buffer leaks in large object calls(Pascal)
4463 Change owner from oid to int4 type(Bruce)
4464 Fix a bug in the oracle compatibility functions btrim() ltrim() and rtrim()
4465 Fix for shared invalidation cache overflow(Massimo)
4466 Prevent file descriptor leaks in failed COPY's(Bruce)
4467 Fix memory leak in libpgtcl's pg_select(Constantin)
4468 Fix problems with username/passwords over 8 characters(Tom)
4469 Fix problems with handling of asynchronous NOTIFY in backend(Tom)
4470 Fix of many bad system table entries(Tom)
4474 Upgrade ecpg and ecpglib,see src/interfaces/ecpc/ChangeLog(Michael)
4475 Show the index used in an EXPLAIN(Zeugswetter)
4476 EXPLAIN invokes rule system and shows plan(s) for rewritten queries(Jan)
4477 Multibyte awareness of many data types and functions, via configure(Tatsuo)
4478 New configure --with-mb option(Tatsuo)
4479 New initdb --pgencoding option(Tatsuo)
4480 New createdb -E multibyte option(Tatsuo)
4481 Select version(); now returns PostgreSQL version(Jeroen)
4482 libpq now allows asynchronous clients(Tom)
4483 Allow cancel from client of backend query(Tom)
4484 psql now cancels query with Control-C(Tom)
4485 libpq users need not issue dummy queries to get NOTIFY messages(Tom)
4486 NOTIFY now sends sender's PID, so you can tell whether it was your own(Tom)
4487 PGresult struct now includes associated error message, if any(Tom)
4488 Define "tz_hour" and "tz_minute" arguments to date_part()(Thomas)
4489 Add routines to convert between varchar and bpchar(Thomas)
4490 Add routines to allow sizing of varchar and bpchar into target columns(Thomas)
4491 Add bit flags to support timezonehour and minute in data retrieval(Thomas)
4492 Allow more variations on valid floating point numbers (e.g. ".1", "1e6")(Thomas)
4493 Fixes for unary minus parsing with leading spaces(Thomas)
4494 Implement TIMEZONE_HOUR, TIMEZONE_MINUTE per SQL92 specs(Thomas)
4495 Check for and properly ignore FOREIGN KEY column constraints(Thomas)
4496 Define USER as synonym for CURRENT_USER per SQL92 specs(Thomas)
4497 Enable HAVING clause but no fixes elsewhere yet.
4498 Make "char" type a synonym for "char(1)" (actually implemented as bpchar)(Thomas)
4499 Save string type if specified for DEFAULT clause handling(Thomas)
4500 Coerce operations involving different data types(Thomas)
4501 Allow some index use for columns of different types(Thomas)
4502 Add capabilities for automatic type conversion(Thomas)
4503 Cleanups for large objects, so file is truncated on open(Peter)
4504 Readline cleanups(Tom)
4505 Allow psql \f \ to make spaces as delimiter(Bruce)
4506 Pass pg_attribute.atttypmod to the frontend for column field lengths(Tom,Bruce)
4507 Msql compatibility library in /contrib(Aldrin)
4508 Remove the requirement that ORDER/GROUP BY clause identifiers be
4509 included in the target list(David)
4510 Convert columns to match columns in UNION clauses(Thomas)
4511 Remove fork()/exec() and only do fork()(Bruce)
4512 Jdbc cleanups(Peter)
4513 Show backend status on ps command line(only works on some platforms)(Bruce)
4514 Pg_hba.conf now has a sameuser option in the database field
4515 Make lo_unlink take oid param, not int4
4516 New DISABLE_COMPLEX_MACRO for compilers that can't handle our macros(Bruce)
4517 Libpgtcl now handles NOTIFY as a Tcl event, need not send dummy queries(Tom)
4518 libpgtcl cleanups(Tom)
4519 Add -error option to libpgtcl's pg_result command(Tom)
4520 New locale patch, see docs/README/locale(Oleg)
4521 Fix for pg_dump so CONSTRAINT and CHECK syntax is correct(ccb)
4522 New contrib/lo code for large object orphan removal(Peter)
4523 New psql command "SET CLIENT_ENCODING TO 'encoding'" for multibytes
4524 feature, see /doc/README.mb(Tatsuo)
4525 /contrib/noupdate code to revoke update permission on a column
4526 libpq can now be compiled on win32(Magnus)
4527 Add PQsetdbLogin() in libpq
4528 New 8-byte integer type, checked by configure for OS support(Thomas)
4529 Better support for quoted table/column names(Thomas)
4530 Surround table and column names with double-quotes in pg_dump(Thomas)
4531 PQreset() now works with passwords(Tom)
4532 Handle case of GROUP BY target list column number out of range(David)
4533 Allow UNION in subselects
4534 Add auto-size to screen to \d? commands(Bruce)
4535 Use UNION to show all \d? results in one query(Bruce)
4536 Add \d? field search feature(Bruce)
4537 Pg_dump issues fewer \connect requests(Tom)
4538 Make pg_dump -z flag work better, document it in manual page(Tom)
4539 Add HAVING clause with full support for subselects and unions(Stephan)
4540 Full text indexing routines in contrib/fulltextindex(Maarten)
4541 Transaction ids now stored in shared memory(Vadim)
4542 New PGCLIENTENCODING when issuing COPY command(Tatsuo)
4543 Support for SQL92 syntax "SET NAMES"(Tatsuo)
4544 Support for LATIN2-5(Tatsuo)
4545 Add UNICODE regression test case(Tatsuo)
4546 Lock manager cleanup, new locking modes for LLL(Vadim)
4547 Allow index use with OR clauses(Bruce)
4548 Allows "SELECT NULL ORDER BY 1;"
4549 Explain VERBOSE prints the plan, and now pretty-prints the plan to
4550 the postmaster log file(Bruce)
4551 Add indexes display to \d command(Bruce)
4552 Allow GROUP BY on functions(David)
4553 New pg_class.relkind for large objects(Bruce)
4554 New way to send libpq NOTICE messages to a different location(Tom)
4555 New \w write command to psql(Bruce)
4556 New /contrib/findoidjoins scans oid columns to find join relationships(Bruce)
4557 Allow binary-compatible indexes to be considered when checking for valid
4558 Indexes for restriction clauses containing a constant(Thomas)
4559 New ISBN/ISSN code in /contrib/isbn_issn
4560 Allow NOT LIKE, IN, NOT IN, BETWEEN, and NOT BETWEEN constraint(Thomas)
4561 New rewrite system fixes many problems with rules and views(Jan)
4562 * Rules on relations work
4563 * Event qualifications on insert/update/delete work
4564 * New OLD variable to reference CURRENT, CURRENT will be remove in future
4565 * Update rules can reference NEW and OLD in rule qualifications/actions
4566 * Insert/update/delete rules on views work
4567 * Multiple rule actions are now supported, surrounded by parentheses
4568 * Regular users can create views/rules on tables they have RULE permits
4569 * Rules and views inherit the permissions on the creator
4570 * No rules at the column level
4571 * No UPDATE NEW/OLD rules
4572 * New pg_tables, pg_indexes, pg_rules and pg_views system views
4573 * Only a single action on SELECT rules
4574 * Total rewrite overhaul, perhaps for 6.5
4576 * handle aggregates on views
4577 * handle insert into select from view works
4578 System indexes are now multikey(Bruce)
4579 Oidint2, oidint4, and oidname types are removed(Bruce)
4580 Use system cache for more system table lookups(Bruce)
4581 New backend programming language PL/pgSQL in backend/pl(Jan)
4582 New SERIAL data type, auto-creates sequence/index(Thomas)
4583 Enable assert checking without a recompile(Massimo)
4584 User lock enhancements(Massimo)
4585 New setval() command to set sequence value(Massimo)
4586 Auto-remove unix socket file on start-up if no postmaster running(Massimo)
4587 Conditional trace package(Massimo)
4588 New UNLISTEN command(Massimo)
4589 psql and libpq now compile under win32 using win32.mak(Magnus)
4590 Lo_read no longer stores trailing NULL(Bruce)
4591 Identifiers are now truncated to 31 characters internally(Bruce)
4592 Createuser options now availble on the command line
4593 Code for 64-bit integer supported added, configure tested, int8 type(Thomas)
4594 Prevent file descriptor leaf from failed COPY(Bruce)
4595 New pg_upgrade command(Bruce)
4596 Updated /contrib directories(Massimo)
4597 New CREATE TABLE DEFAULT VALUES statement available(Thomas)
4598 New INSERT INTO TABLE DEFAULT VALUES statement available(Thomas)
4599 New DECLARE and FETCH feature(Thomas)
4600 libpq's internal structures now not exported(Tom)
4601 Allow up to 8 key indexes(Bruce)
4602 Remove ARCHIVE key word, that is no longer used(Thomas)
4603 pg_dump -n flag to supress quotes around indentifiers
4604 disable system columns for views(Jan)
4605 new INET and CIDR types for network addresses(TomH, Paul)
4606 no more double quotes in psql output
4607 pg_dump now dumps views(Terry)
4608 new SET QUERY_LIMIT(Tatsuo,Jan)
4612 /contrib cleanup(Jun)
4613 Inline some small functions called for every row(Bruce)
4616 Multibyte regression tests(Soonmyung.)
4617 Remove --disabled options from configure
4618 Define PGDOC to use POSTGRESDIR by default
4619 Make regression optional
4620 Remove extra braces code to pgindent(Bruce)
4621 Add bsdi shared library support(Bruce)
4622 New --without-CXX support configure option(Brook)
4624 Update backend flowchart in tools/backend(Bruce)
4625 Change atttypmod from int16 to int32(Bruce, Tom)
4626 Getrusage() fix for platforms that do not have it(Tom)
4627 Add PQconnectdb, PGUSER, PGPASSWORD to libpq man page
4628 NS32K platform fixes(Phil Nelson, John Buller)
4629 SCO 7/UnixWare 2.x fixes(Billy,others)
4630 Sparc/Solaris 2.5 fixes(Ryan)
4631 Pgbuiltin.3 is obsolete, move to doc files(Thomas)
4632 Even more documention(Thomas)
4633 Nextstep support(Jacek)
4635 pginterface manual page(Bruce)
4636 shared libraries all have version numbers
4637 merged all OS-specific shared library defines into one file
4638 smarter TCL/TK configuration checking(Billy)
4639 smarter perl configuration(Brook)
4640 configure uses supplied install-sh if no install script found(Tom)
4641 new Makefile.shlib for shared library configuration(Tom)
4647 <sect1 id="release-6-3-2">
4648 <title>Release 6.3.2</title>
4651 <title>Release date</title>
4652 <simpara>1998-04-07</simpara>
4656 This is a bug-fix release for 6.3.x.
4657 Refer to the release notes for version 6.3 for a more complete summary of new features.
4665 Repairs automatic configuration support for some platforms, including Linux,
4666 from breakage inadvertently introduced in version 6.3.1.
4672 Correctly handles function calls on the left side of BETWEEN and LIKE clauses.
4679 A dump/restore is NOT required for those running 6.3 or 6.3.1. A
4680 <literal>make distclean</>, <literal>make</>, and <literal>make install</> is all that is required.
4681 This last step should be performed while the postmaster is not running.
4682 You should re-link any custom applications that use <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> libraries.
4685 For upgrades from pre-6.3 installations,
4686 refer to the installation and migration instructions for version 6.3.
4690 <title>Changes</title>
4694 Configure detection improvements for tcl/tk(Brook Milligan, Alvin)
4695 Manual page improvements(Bruce)
4696 BETWEEN and LIKE fix(Thomas)
4697 fix for psql \connect used by pg_dump(Oliver Elphick)
4699 pgaccess, version 0.86
4700 qsort removed, now uses libc version, cleanups(Jeroen)
4701 fix for buffer over-runs detected(Maurice Gittens)
4702 fix for buffer overrun in libpgtcl(Randy Kunkee)
4703 fix for UNION with DISTINCT or ORDER BY(Bruce)
4704 gettimeofday configure check(Doug Winterburn)
4705 Fix "indexes not used" bug(Vadim)
4706 docs additions(Thomas)
4707 Fix for backend memory leak(Bruce)
4708 libreadline cleanup(Erwan MAS)
4709 Remove DISTDIR(Bruce)
4710 Makefile dependency cleanup(Jeroen van Vianen)
4717 <sect1 id="release-6-3-1">
4718 <title>Release 6.3.1</title>
4721 <title>Release date</title>
4722 <simpara>1998-03-23</simpara>
4731 Additional support for multibyte character sets.
4737 Repair byte ordering for mixed-endian clients and servers.
4743 Minor updates to allowed SQL syntax.
4749 Improvements to the configuration autodetection for installation.
4756 A dump/restore is NOT required for those running 6.3. A
4757 <literal>make distclean</>, <literal>make</>, and <literal>make install</> is all that is required.
4758 This last step should be performed while the postmaster is not running.
4759 You should re-link any custom applications that use <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> libraries.
4762 For upgrades from pre-6.3 installations,
4763 refer to the installation and migration instructions for version 6.3.
4767 <title>Changes</title>
4771 ecpg cleanup/fixes, now version 1.1(Michael Meskes)
4772 pg_user cleanup(Bruce)
4773 large object fix for pg_dump and tclsh (alvin)
4774 LIKE fix for multiple adjacent underscores
4775 fix for redefining builtin functions(Thomas)
4777 upgrade to pg_access 0.83
4778 updated CLUSTER manual page
4779 multibyte character set support, see doc/README.mb(Tatsuo)
4780 configure --with-pgport fix
4782 big-endian fix for backend communications(Kataoka)
4783 SUBSTR() and substring() fix(Jan)
4784 several jdbc fixes(Peter)
4785 libpgtcl improvements, see libptcl/README(Randy Kunkee)
4786 Fix for "Datasize = 0" error(Vadim)
4787 Prevent \do from wrapping(Bruce)
4788 Remove duplicate Russian character set entries
4790 Allow optional TABLE key word in LOCK and SELECT INTO(Thomas)
4791 CREATE SEQUENCE options to allow a negative integer(Thomas)
4792 Add "PASSWORD" as an allowed column identifier(Thomas)
4793 Add checks for UNION target fields(Bruce)
4794 Fix Alpha port(Dwayne Bailey)
4795 Fix for text arrays containing quotes(Doug Gibson)
4796 Solaris compile fix(Albert Chin-A-Young)
4797 Better identify tcl and tk libs and includes(Bruce)
4803 <sect1 id="release-6-3">
4804 <title>Release 6.3</title>
4807 <title>Release date</title>
4808 <simpara>1998-03-01</simpara>
4812 There are <emphasis>many</emphasis> new features and improvements in this release.
4813 Here is a brief, incomplete summary:
4818 Many new SQL features, including
4819 full <acronym>SQL92</acronym> subselect capability
4820 (everything is here but target-list subselects).
4826 Support for client-side environment variables to specify time zone and date style.
4832 Socket interface for client/server connection. This is the default now
4833 so you may need to start <application>postmaster</application> with the
4834 <option>-i</option> flag.
4840 Better password authorization mechanisms. Default table permissions have changed.
4846 Old-style <firstterm>time travel</firstterm>
4847 has been removed. Performance has been improved.
4855 Bruce Momjian wrote the following notes to introduce the new release.
4860 There are some general 6.3 issues that I want to mention. These are
4861 only the big items that can not be described in one sentence. A review
4862 of the detailed changes list is still needed.
4865 First, we now have subselects. Now that we have them, I would like to
4866 mention that without subselects, SQL is a very limited language.
4867 Subselects are a major feature, and you should review your code for
4868 places where subselects provide a better solution for your queries. I
4869 think you will find that there are more uses for subselects than you may
4870 think. Vadim has put us on the big SQL map with subselects, and fully
4871 functional ones too. The only thing you can't do with subselects is to
4872 use them in the target list.
4875 Second, 6.3 uses Unix domain sockets rather than TCP/IP by default. To
4876 enable connections from other machines, you have to use the new
4877 postmaster -i option, and of course edit <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename>. Also, for this
4878 reason, the format of <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename> has changed.
4881 Third, <type>char()</type> fields will now allow faster access than <type>varchar()</type> or
4882 <type>text</type>. Specifically, the <type>text</> and <type>varchar()</type> have a penalty for access to
4883 any columns after the first column of this type. <type>char()</type> used to also
4884 have this access penalty, but it no longer does. This may suggest that
4885 you redesign some of your tables, especially if you have short character
4886 columns that you have defined as <type>varchar()</type> or <type>text</type>. This and other
4887 changes make 6.3 even faster than earlier releases.
4890 We now have passwords definable independent of any Unix file. There are
4891 new SQL USER commands.
4892 See the <citetitle>Administrator's Guide</citetitle> for more
4893 information. There is a new table, pg_shadow, which is used to store
4894 user information and user passwords, and it by default only SELECT-able
4895 by the <systemitem>postgres</systemitem> super-user. pg_user is now a view of pg_shadow, and is
4896 SELECT-able by PUBLIC. You should keep using pg_user in your
4897 application without changes.
4900 User-created tables now no longer have SELECT permission to PUBLIC by
4901 default. This was done because the ANSI standard requires it. You can
4902 of course GRANT any permissions you want after the table is created.
4903 System tables continue to be SELECT-able by PUBLIC.
4906 We also have real deadlock detection code. No more sixty-second
4907 timeouts. And the new locking code implements a <acronym>FIFO</acronym> better, so there
4908 should be less resource starvation during heavy use.
4911 Many complaints have been made about inadequate documentation in previous
4912 releases. Thomas has put much effort into many new manuals for this
4913 release. Check out the doc/ directory.
4916 For performance reasons, time travel is gone, but can be implemented
4917 using triggers (see <filename>pgsql/contrib/spi/README</filename>). Please check out the new
4918 \d command for types, operators, etc. Also, views have their own
4919 permissions now, not based on the underlying tables, so permissions on
4920 them have to be set separately. Check <filename>/pgsql/interfaces</filename> for some new
4921 ways to talk to <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
4924 This is the first release that really required an explanation for
4925 existing users. In many ways, this was necessary because the new
4926 release removes many limitations, and the work-arounds people were using
4927 are no longer needed.
4931 <title>Migration to version 6.3</title>
4934 A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application>
4935 or <application>pg_dumpall</application>
4936 is required for those wishing to migrate data from any
4937 previous release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
4942 <title>Changes</title>
4948 Fix binary cursors broken by MOVE implementation(Vadim)
4949 Fix for tcl library crash(Jan)
4950 Fix for array handling, from Gerhard Hintermayer
4951 Fix acl error, and remove duplicate pqtrace(Bruce)
4952 Fix psql \e for empty file(Bruce)
4953 Fix for textcat on varchar() fields(Bruce)
4954 Fix for DBT Sendproc (Zeugswetter Andres)
4955 Fix vacuum analyze syntax problem(Bruce)
4956 Fix for international identifiers(Tatsuo)
4957 Fix aggregates on inherited tables(Bruce)
4958 Fix substr() for out-of-bounds data
4959 Fix for select 1=1 or 2=2, select 1=1 and 2=2, and select sum(2+2)(Bruce)
4960 Fix notty output to show status result. -q option still turns it off(Bruce)
4961 Fix for count(*), aggs with views and multiple tables and sum(3)(Bruce)
4963 Fix for PQtrace start/stop several times(Bruce)
4964 Fix a variety of locking problems like newer lock waiters getting
4965 lock before older waiters, and having readlock people not share
4966 locks if a writer is waiting for a lock, and waiting writers not
4967 getting priority over waiting readers(Bruce)
4968 Fix crashes in psql when executing queries from external files(James)
4969 Fix problem with multiple order by columns, with the first one having
4971 Use correct hash table support functions for float8 and int4(Thomas)
4972 Re-enable JOIN= option in CREATE OPERATOR statement (Thomas)
4973 Change precedence for boolean operators to match expected behavior(Thomas)
4974 Generate elog(ERROR) on over-large integer(Bruce)
4975 Allow multiple-argument functions in constraint clauses(Thomas)
4976 Check boolean input literals for 'true','false','yes','no','1','0'
4977 and throw elog(ERROR) if unrecognized(Thomas)
4978 Major large objects fix
4979 Fix for GROUP BY showing duplicates(Vadim)
4980 Fix for index scans in MergeJion(Vadim)
4984 Subselects with EXISTS, IN, ALL, ANY key words (Vadim, Bruce, Thomas)
4985 New User Manual(Thomas, others)
4986 Speedup by inlining some frequently-called functions
4987 Real deadlock detection, no more timeouts(Bruce)
4988 Add SQL92 "constants" CURRENT_DATE, CURRENT_TIME, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
4989 CURRENT_USER(Thomas)
4990 Modify constraint syntax to be SQL92-compliant(Thomas)
4991 Implement SQL92 PRIMARY KEY and UNIQUE clauses using indexes(Thomas)
4992 Recognize SQL92 syntax for FOREIGN KEY. Throw elog notice(Thomas)
4993 Allow NOT NULL UNIQUE constraint clause (each allowed separately before)(Thomas)
4994 Allow PostgreSQL-style casting ("::") of non-constants(Thomas)
4995 Add support for SQL3 TRUE and FALSE boolean constants(Thomas)
4996 Support SQL92 syntax for IS TRUE/IS FALSE/IS NOT TRUE/IS NOT FALSE(Thomas)
4997 Allow shorter strings for boolean literals (e.g. "t", "tr", "tru")(Thomas)
4998 Allow SQL92 delimited identifiers(Thomas)
4999 Implement SQL92 binary and hexadecimal string decoding (b'10' and x'1F')(Thomas)
5000 Support SQL92 syntax for type coercion of literal strings
5001 (e.g. "DATETIME 'now'")(Thomas)
5002 Add conversions for int2, int4, and OID types to and from text(Thomas)
5003 Use shared lock when building indexes(Vadim)
5004 Free memory allocated for an user query inside transaction block after
5005 this query is done, was turned off in <= 6.2.1(Vadim)
5006 New SQL statement CREATE PROCEDURAL LANGUAGE(Jan)
5007 New <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> Procedural Language (PL) backend interface(Jan)
5008 Rename pg_dump -H option to -h(Bruce)
5009 Add Java support for passwords, European dates(Peter)
5010 Use indexes for LIKE and ~, !~ operations(Bruce)
5011 Add hash functions for datetime and timespan(Thomas)
5012 Time Travel removed(Vadim, Bruce)
5013 Add paging for \d and \z, and fix \i(Bruce)
5014 Add Unix domain socket support to backend and to frontend library(Goran)
5015 Implement CREATE DATABASE/WITH LOCATION and initlocation utility(Thomas)
5016 Allow more SQL92 and/or <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> reserved words as column identifiers(Thomas)
5017 Augment support for SQL92 SET TIME ZONE...(Thomas)
5018 SET/SHOW/RESET TIME ZONE uses TZ backend environment variable(Thomas)
5019 Implement SET keyword = DEFAULT and SET TIME ZONE DEFAULT(Thomas)
5020 Enable SET TIME ZONE using TZ environment variable(Thomas)
5021 Add PGDATESTYLE environment variable to frontend and backend initialization(Thomas)
5022 Add PGTZ, PGCOSTHEAP, PGCOSTINDEX, PGRPLANS, PGGEQO
5023 frontend library initialization environment variables(Thomas)
5024 Regression tests time zone automatically set with "setenv PGTZ PST8PDT"(Thomas)
5025 Add pg_description table for info on tables, columns, operators, types, and
5027 Increase 16 char limit on system table/index names to 32 characters(Bruce)
5028 Rename system indexes(Bruce)
5029 Add 'GERMAN' option to SET DATESTYLE(Thomas)
5030 Define an "ISO-style" timespan output format with "hh:mm:ss" fields(Thomas)
5031 Allow fractional values for delta times (e.g. '2.5 days')(Thomas)
5032 Validate numeric input more carefully for delta times(Thomas)
5033 Implement day of year as possible input to date_part()(Thomas)
5034 Define timespan_finite() and text_timespan() functions(Thomas)
5035 Remove archive stuff(Bruce)
5036 Allow for a pg_password authentication database that is separate from
5037 the system password file(Todd)
5038 Dump ACLs, GRANT, REVOKE permissions(Matt)
5039 Define text, varchar, and bpchar string length functions(Thomas)
5040 Fix Query handling for inheritance, and cost computations(Bruce)
5041 Implement CREATE TABLE/AS SELECT (alternative to SELECT/INTO)(Thomas)
5042 Allow NOT, IS NULL, IS NOT NULL in constraints(Thomas)
5043 Implement UNIONs for SELECT(Bruce)
5044 Add UNION, GROUP, DISTINCT to INSERT(Bruce)
5045 varchar() stores only necessary bytes on disk(Bruce)
5046 Fix for BLOBs(Peter)
5047 Mega-Patch for JDBC...see README_6.3 for list of changes(Peter)
5048 Remove unused "option" from PQconnectdb()
5049 New LOCK command and lock manual page describing deadlocks(Bruce)
5050 Add new psql \da, \dd, \df, \do, \dS, and \dT commands(Bruce)
5051 Enhance psql \z to show sequences(Bruce)
5052 Show NOT NULL and DEFAULT in psql \d table(Bruce)
5053 New psql .psqlrc file start-up(Andrew)
5054 Modify sample start-up script in contrib/linux to show syslog(Thomas)
5055 New types for IP and MAC addresses in contrib/ip_and_mac(TomH)
5056 Unix system time conversions with date/time types in contrib/unixdate(Thomas)
5057 Update of contrib stuff(Massimo)
5058 Add Unix socket support to DBD::Pg(Goran)
5059 New python interface (PyGreSQL 2.0)(D'Arcy)
5060 New frontend/backend protocol has a version number, network byte order(Phil)
5061 Security features in pg_hba.conf enhanced and documented, many cleanups(Phil)
5062 CHAR() now faster access than VARCHAR() or TEXT
5063 ecpg embedded SQL preprocessor
5064 Reduce system column overhead(Vadmin)
5065 Remove pg_time table(Vadim)
5066 Add pg_type attribute to identify types that need length (bpchar, varchar)
5067 Add report of offending line when COPY command fails
5068 Allow VIEW permissions to be set separately from the underlying tables.
5069 For security, use GRANT/REVOKE on views as appropriate(Jan)
5070 Tables now have no default GRANT SELECT TO PUBLIC. You must
5071 explicitly grant such permissions.
5072 Clean up tutorial examples(Darren)
5076 Add new html development tools, and flow chart in /tools/backend
5077 Fix for SCO compiles
5078 Stratus computer port Robert Gillies
5079 Added support for shlib for BSD44_derived & i386_solaris
5080 Make configure more automated(Brook)
5081 Add script to check regression test results
5082 Break parser functions into smaller files, group together(Bruce)
5083 Rename heap_create to heap_create_and_catalog, rename heap_creatr
5084 to heap_create()(Bruce)
5085 Sparc/Linux patch for locking(TomS)
5086 Remove PORTNAME and reorganize port-specific stuff(Marc)
5087 Add optimizer README file(Bruce)
5088 Remove some recursion in optimizer and clean up some code there(Bruce)
5089 Fix for NetBSD locking(Henry)
5090 Fix for libptcl make(Tatsuo)
5092 Change IS TRUE, IS FALSE, ... to expressions using "=" rather than
5093 function calls to istrue() or isfalse() to allow optimization(Thomas)
5094 Various fixes NetBSD/Sparc related(TomH)
5095 Alpha linux locking(Travis,Ryan)
5096 Change elog(WARN) to elog(ERROR)(Bruce)
5097 FAQ for FreeBSD(Marc)
5098 Bring in the PostODBC source tree as part of our standard distribution(Marc)
5099 A minor patch for HP/UX 10 vs 9(Stan)
5100 New pg_attribute.atttypmod for type-specific info like varchar length(Bruce)
5101 UnixWare patches(Billy)
5102 New i386 'lock' for spinlock asm(Billy)
5103 Support for multiplexed backends is removed
5104 Start an OpenBSD port
5107 Add string functions to regression suite(Thomas)
5108 Expand a few function names formerly truncated to 16 characters(Thomas)
5109 Remove un-needed malloc() calls and replace with palloc()(Bruce)
5115 <sect1 id="release-6-2-1">
5116 <title>Release 6.2.1</title>
5119 <title>Release date</title>
5120 <simpara>1997-10-17</simpara>
5124 6.2.1 is a bug-fix and usability release on 6.2.
5132 Allow strings to span lines, per <acronym>SQL92</acronym>.
5138 Include example trigger function for inserting user names on table updates.
5145 This is a minor bug-fix release on 6.2.
5146 For upgrades from pre-6.2 systems, a full dump/reload is required.
5147 Refer to the 6.2 release notes for instructions.
5151 <title>Migration from version 6.2 to version 6.2.1</title>
5154 This is a minor bug-fix release. A dump/reload is not required from version 6.2,
5155 but is required from any release prior to 6.2.
5158 In upgrading from version 6.2, if you choose to dump/reload you will find that
5159 avg(money) is now calculated correctly. All other bug fixes take effect
5160 upon updating the executables.
5163 Another way to avoid dump/reload is to use the following SQL command
5164 from <command>psql</command> to update the existing system table:
5167 update pg_aggregate set aggfinalfn = 'cash_div_flt8'
5168 where aggname = 'avg' and aggbasetype = 790;
5172 This will need to be done to every existing database, including template1.
5177 <title>Changes</title>
5181 Allow TIME and TYPE column names(Thomas)
5182 Allow larger range of true/false as boolean values(Thomas)
5183 Support output of "now" and "current"(Thomas)
5184 Handle DEFAULT with INSERT of NULL properly(Vadim)
5185 Fix for relation reference counts problem in buffer manager(Vadim)
5186 Allow strings to span lines, like ANSI(Thomas)
5187 Fix for backward cursor with ORDER BY(Vadim)
5188 Fix avg(cash) computation(Thomas)
5189 Fix for specifying a column twice in ORDER/GROUP BY(Vadim)
5190 Documented new libpq function to return affected rows, PQcmdTuples(Bruce)
5191 Trigger function for inserting user names for INSERT/UPDATE(Brook Milligan)
5197 <sect1 id="release-6-2">
5198 <title>Release 6.2</title>
5201 <title>Release date</title>
5202 <simpara>1997-10-02</simpara>
5206 A dump/restore is required for those wishing to migrate data from
5207 previous releases of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
5211 <title>Migration from version 6.1 to version 6.2</title>
5214 This migration requires a complete dump of the 6.1 database and a
5215 restore of the database in 6.2.
5218 Note that the <command>pg_dump</command> and <command>pg_dumpall</command> utility from 6.2 should be used
5219 to dump the 6.1 database.
5224 <title>Migration from version 1.<replaceable>x</> to version 6.2</title>
5227 Those migrating from earlier 1.* releases should first upgrade to 1.09
5228 because the COPY output format was improved from the 1.02 release.
5233 <title>Changes</title>
5239 Fix problems with pg_dump for inheritance, sequences, archive tables(Bruce)
5240 Fix compile errors on overflow due to shifts, unsigned, and bad prototypes
5241 from Solaris(Diab Jerius)
5242 Fix bugs in geometric line arithmetic (bad intersection calculations)(Thomas)
5243 Check for geometric intersections at endpoints to avoid rounding ugliness(Thomas)
5244 Catch non-functional delete attempts(Vadim)
5245 Change time function names to be more consistent(Michael Reifenberg)
5246 Check for zero divides(Michael Reifenberg)
5247 Fix very old bug which made rows changed/inserted by a command
5248 visible to the command itself (so we had multiple update of
5249 updated rows, etc.)(Vadim)
5250 Fix for SELECT null, 'fail' FROM pg_am (Patrick)
5251 SELECT NULL as EMPTY_FIELD now allowed(Patrick)
5252 Remove un-needed signal stuff from contrib/pginterface
5253 Fix OR (where x != 1 or x isnull didn't return rows with x NULL) (Vadim)
5254 Fix time_cmp function (Vadim)
5255 Fix handling of functions with non-attribute first argument in
5256 WHERE clauses (Vadim)
5257 Fix GROUP BY when order of entries is different from order
5258 in target list (Vadim)
5259 Fix pg_dump for aggregates without sfunc1 (Vadim)
5263 Default genetic optimizer GEQO parameter is now 8(Bruce)
5264 Allow use parameters in target list having aggregates in functions(Vadim)
5265 Added JDBC driver as an interface(Adrian & Peter)
5267 Return number of rows inserted/affected by INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE etc.(Vadim)
5268 Triggers implemented with CREATE TRIGGER (SQL3)(Vadim)
5269 SPI (Server Programming Interface) allows execution of queries inside
5271 NOT NULL implemented (SQL92)(Robson Paniago de Miranda)
5272 Include reserved words for string handling, outer joins, and unions(Thomas)
5273 Implement extended comments ("/* ... */") using exclusive states(Thomas)
5274 Add "//" single-line comments(Bruce)
5275 Remove some restrictions on characters in operator names(Thomas)
5276 DEFAULT and CONSTRAINT for tables implemented (SQL92)(Vadim & Thomas)
5277 Add text concatenation operator and function (SQL92)(Thomas)
5278 Support WITH TIME ZONE syntax (SQL92)(Thomas)
5279 Support INTERVAL unit TO unit syntax (SQL92)(Thomas)
5280 Define types DOUBLE PRECISION, INTERVAL, CHARACTER,
5281 and CHARACTER VARYING (SQL92)(Thomas)
5282 Define type FLOAT(p) and rudimentary DECIMAL(p,s), NUMERIC(p,s) (SQL92)(Thomas)
5283 Define EXTRACT(), POSITION(), SUBSTRING(), and TRIM() (SQL92)(Thomas)
5284 Define CURRENT_DATE, CURRENT_TIME, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP (SQL92)(Thomas)
5285 Add syntax and warnings for UNION, HAVING, INNER and OUTER JOIN (SQL92)(Thomas)
5286 Add more reserved words, mostly for SQL92 compliance(Thomas)
5287 Allow hh:mm:ss time entry for timespan/reltime types(Thomas)
5288 Add center() routines for lseg, path, polygon(Thomas)
5289 Add distance() routines for circle-polygon, polygon-polygon(Thomas)
5290 Check explicitly for points and polygons contained within polygons
5291 using an axis-crossing algorithm(Thomas)
5292 Add routine to convert circle-box(Thomas)
5293 Merge conflicting operators for different geometric data types(Thomas)
5294 Replace distance operator "<===>" with "<->"(Thomas)
5295 Replace "above" operator "!^" with ">^" and "below" operator "!|" with "<^"(Thomas)
5296 Add routines for text trimming on both ends, substring, and string position(Thomas)
5297 Added conversion routines circle(box) and poly(circle)(Thomas)
5298 Allow internal sorts to be stored in memory rather than in files(Bruce & Vadim)
5299 Allow functions and operators on internally-identical types to succeed(Bruce)
5300 Speed up backend start-up after profiling analysis(Bruce)
5301 Inline frequently called functions for performance(Bruce)
5302 Reduce open() calls(Bruce)
5303 psql: Add PAGER for \h and \?,\C fix
5304 Fix for psql pager when no tty(Bruce)
5305 New entab utility(Bruce)
5306 General trigger functions for referential integrity (Vadim)
5307 General trigger functions for time travel (Vadim)
5308 General trigger functions for AUTOINCREMENT/IDENTITY feature (Vadim)
5309 MOVE implementation (Vadim)
5313 HP-UX 10 patches (Vladimir Turin)
5314 Added SCO support, (Daniel Harris)
5315 MkLinux patches (Tatsuo Ishii)
5316 Change geometric box terminology from "length" to "width"(Thomas)
5317 Deprecate temporary unstored slope fields in geometric code(Thomas)
5318 Remove restart instructions from INSTALL(Bruce)
5319 Look in /usr/ucb first for install(Bruce)
5320 Fix c++ copy example code(Thomas)
5321 Add -o to psql manual page(Bruce)
5322 Prevent relname unallocated string length from being copied into database(Bruce)
5323 Cleanup for NAMEDATALEN use(Bruce)
5324 Fix pg_proc names over 15 chars in output(Bruce)
5325 Add strNcpy() function(Bruce)
5326 remove some (void) casts that are unnecessary(Bruce)
5327 new interfaces directory(Marc)
5328 Replace fopen() calls with calls to fd.c functions(Bruce)
5329 Make functions static where possible(Bruce)
5330 enclose unused functions in #ifdef NOT_USED(Bruce)
5331 Remove call to difftime() in timestamp support to fix SunOS(Bruce & Thomas)
5332 Changes for Digital Unix
5333 Portability fix for pg_dumpall(Bruce)
5334 Rename pg_attribute.attnvals to attdispersion(Bruce)
5335 "intro/unix" manual page now "pgintro"(Bruce)
5336 "built-in" manual page now "pgbuiltin"(Bruce)
5337 "drop" manual page now "drop_table"(Bruce)
5338 Add "create_trigger", "drop_trigger" manual pages(Thomas)
5339 Add constraints regression test(Vadim & Thomas)
5340 Add comments syntax regression test(Thomas)
5341 Add PGINDENT and support program(Bruce)
5342 Massive commit to run PGINDENT on all *.c and *.h files(Bruce)
5343 Files moved to /src/tools directory(Bruce)
5344 SPI and Trigger programming guides (Vadim & D'Arcy)
5350 <sect1 id="release-6-1-1">
5351 <title>Release 6.1.1</title>
5354 <title>Release date</title>
5355 <simpara>1997-07-22</simpara>
5359 <title>Migration from version 6.1 to version 6.1.1</title>
5362 This is a minor bug-fix release. A dump/reload is not required from version 6.1,
5363 but is required from any release prior to 6.1.
5364 Refer to the release notes for 6.1 for more details.
5369 <title>Changes</title>
5373 fix for SET with options (Thomas)
5374 allow pg_dump/pg_dumpall to preserve ownership of all tables/objects(Bruce)
5375 new psql \connect option allows changing usernames without changing databases
5376 fix for initdb --debug option(Yoshihiko Ichikawa))
5377 lextest cleanup(Bruce)
5379 fix date/time month boundary arithmetic(Thomas)
5380 fix timezone daylight handling for some ports(Thomas, Bruce, Tatsuo)
5381 timestamp overhauled to use standard functions(Thomas)
5382 other code cleanup in date/time routines(Thomas)
5383 psql's \d now case-insensitive(Bruce)
5384 psql's backslash commands can now have trailing semicolon(Bruce)
5385 fix memory leak in psql when using \g(Bruce)
5386 major fix for endian handling of communication to server(Thomas, Tatsuo)
5387 Fix for Solaris assembler and include files(Yoshihiko Ichikawa)
5388 allow underscores in usernames(Bruce)
5389 pg_dumpall now returns proper status, portability fix(Bruce)
5395 <sect1 id="release-6-1">
5396 <title>Release 6.1</title>
5399 <title>Release date</title>
5400 <simpara>1997-06-08</simpara>
5404 The regression tests have been adapted and extensively modified for the
5405 6.1 release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
5409 Three new data types (<type>datetime</type>, <type>timespan</type>, and <type>circle</type>) have been added to
5410 the native set of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> types. Points, boxes, paths, and polygons
5411 have had their output formats made consistent across the data types.
5412 The polygon output in misc.out has only been spot-checked for correctness
5413 relative to the original regression output.
5417 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 6.1 introduces a new, alternate
5418 optimizer which uses <firstterm>genetic</firstterm>
5419 algorithms. These algorithms introduce a random behavior in the ordering
5420 of query results when the query contains multiple qualifiers or multiple
5421 tables (giving the optimizer a choice on order of evaluation). Several
5422 regression tests have been modified to explicitly order the results, and
5423 hence are insensitive to optimizer choices. A few regression tests are
5424 for data types which are inherently unordered (e.g. points and time
5425 intervals) and tests involving those types are explicitly bracketed with
5426 <command>set geqo to 'off'</command> and <command>reset geqo</command>.
5430 The interpretation of array specifiers (the curly braces around atomic
5431 values) appears to have changed sometime after the original regression
5432 tests were generated. The current <filename>./expected/*.out</filename> files reflect this
5433 new interpretation, which may not be correct!
5437 The float8 regression test fails on at least some platforms. This is due
5438 to differences in implementations of <function>pow()</function> and <function>exp()</function> and the signaling
5439 mechanisms used for overflow and underflow conditions.
5443 The <quote>random</> results in the random test should cause the
5444 <quote>random</quote> test to be <quote>failed</quote>, since the
5445 regression tests are evaluated using a simple diff. However,
5446 <quote>random</> does not seem to produce random results on my test
5447 machine (Linux/<application>gcc</>/i686).
5451 <title>Migration to version 6.1</title>
5454 This migration requires a complete dump of the 6.0 database and a
5455 restore of the database in 6.1.
5458 Those migrating from earlier 1.* releases should first upgrade to 1.09
5459 because the COPY output format was improved from the 1.02 release.
5464 <title>Changes</title>
5470 packet length checking in library routines
5471 lock manager priority patch
5472 check for under/over flow of float8(Bruce)
5473 multitable join fix(Vadim)
5474 SIGPIPE crash fix(Darren)
5475 large object fixes(Sven)
5476 allow btree indexes to handle NULLs(Vadim)
5477 timezone fixes(D'Arcy)
5478 select SUM(x) can return NULL on no rows(Thomas)
5479 internal optimizer, executor bug fixes(Vadim)
5480 fix problem where inner loop in < or <= has no rows(Vadim)
5481 prevent re-commuting join index clauses(Vadim)
5482 fix join clauses for multiple tables(Vadim)
5483 fix hash, hashjoin for arrays(Vadim)
5484 fix btree for abstime type(Vadim)
5485 large object fixes(Raymond)
5486 fix buffer leak in hash indexes (Vadim)
5487 fix rtree for use in inner scan (Vadim)
5488 fix gist for use in inner scan, cleanups (Vadim, Andrea)
5489 avoid unnecessary local buffers allocation (Vadim, Massimo)
5490 fix local buffers leak in transaction aborts (Vadim)
5491 fix file manager memmory leaks, cleanups (Vadim, Massimo)
5492 fix storage manager memmory leaks (Vadim)
5493 fix btree duplicates handling (Vadim)
5494 fix deleted rows reincarnation caused by vacuum (Vadim)
5495 fix SELECT varchar()/char() INTO TABLE made zero-length fields(Bruce)
5496 many psql, pg_dump, and libpq memory leaks fixed using Purify (Igor)
5500 attribute optimization statistics(Bruce)
5501 much faster new btree bulk load code(Paul)
5502 BTREE UNIQUE added to bulk load code(Vadim)
5503 new lock debug code(Massimo)
5504 massive changes to libpg++(Leo)
5505 new GEQO optimizer speeds table multitable optimization(Martin)
5506 new WARN message for non-unique insert into unique key(Marc)
5507 update x=-3, no spaces, now valid(Bruce)
5508 remove case-sensitive identifier handling(Bruce,Thomas,Dan)
5509 debug backend now pretty-prints tree(Darren)
5510 new Oracle character functions(Edmund)
5511 new plaintext password functions(Dan)
5512 no such class or insufficient privilege changed to distinct messages(Dan)
5513 new ANSI timestamp function(Dan)
5514 new ANSI Time and Date types (Thomas)
5515 move large chunks of data in backend(Martin)
5516 multicolumn btree indexes(Vadim)
5517 new SET var TO value command(Martin)
5518 update transaction status on reads(Dan)
5519 new locale settings for character types(Oleg)
5520 new SEQUENCE serial number generator(Vadim)
5521 GROUP BY function now possible(Vadim)
5522 re-organize regression test(Thomas,Marc)
5523 new optimizer operation weights(Vadim)
5524 new psql \z grant/permit option(Marc)
5525 new MONEY data type(D'Arcy,Thomas)
5526 tcp socket communication speed improved(Vadim)
5527 new VACUUM option for attribute statistics, and for certain columns (Vadim)
5528 many geometric type improvements(Thomas,Keith)
5529 additional regression tests(Thomas)
5530 new datestyle variable(Thomas,Vadim,Martin)
5531 more comparison operators for sorting types(Thomas)
5532 new conversion functions(Thomas)
5533 new more compact btree format(Vadim)
5534 allow pg_dumpall to preserve database ownership(Bruce)
5535 new SET GEQO=# and R_PLANS variable(Vadim)
5536 old (!GEQO) optimizer can use right-sided plans (Vadim)
5537 typechecking improvement in SQL parser(Bruce)
5538 new SET, SHOW, RESET commands(Thomas,Vadim)
5539 new \connect database USER option
5540 new destroydb -i option (Igor)
5541 new \dt and \di psql commands (Darren)
5542 SELECT "\n" now escapes newline (A. Duursma)
5543 new geometry conversion functions from old format (Thomas)
5547 new configuration script(Marc)
5548 readline configuration option added(Marc)
5549 OS-specific configuration options removed(Marc)
5550 new OS-specific template files(Marc)
5551 no more need to edit Makefile.global(Marc)
5552 re-arrange include files(Marc)
5553 nextstep patches (Gregor Hoffleit)
5554 removed WIN32-specific code(Bruce)
5555 removed postmaster -e option, now only postgres -e option (Bruce)
5556 merge duplicate library code in front/backends(Martin)
5557 now works with eBones, international Kerberos(Jun)
5558 more shared library support
5559 c++ include file cleanup(Bruce)
5560 warn about buggy flex(Bruce)
5561 DG/UX, Ultrix, IRIX, AIX portability fixes
5567 <sect1 id="release-6-0">
5568 <title>Release 6.0</title>
5571 <title>Release date</title>
5572 <simpara>1997-01-29</simpara>
5576 A dump/restore is required for those wishing to migrate data from
5577 previous releases of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
5581 <title>Migration from version 1.09 to version 6.0</title>
5584 This migration requires a complete dump of the 1.09 database and a
5585 restore of the database in 6.0.
5590 <title>Migration from pre-1.09 to version 6.0</title>
5593 Those migrating from earlier 1.* releases should first upgrade to 1.09
5594 because the COPY output format was improved from the 1.02 release.
5599 <title>Changes</title>
5605 ALTER TABLE bug - running postgress process needs to re-read table definition
5606 Allow vacuum to be run on one table or entire database(Bruce)
5608 Fix array over-runs of memory writes(Kurt)
5609 Fix elusive btree range/non-range bug(Dan)
5610 Fix for hash indexes on some types like time and date
5611 Fix for pg_log size explosion
5612 Fix permissions on lo_export()(Bruce)
5613 Fix unitialized reads of memory(Kurt)
5614 Fixed ALTER TABLE ... char(3) bug(Bruce)
5615 Fixed a few small memory leaks
5616 Fixed EXPLAIN handling of options and changed full_path option name
5617 Fixed output of group acl permissions
5618 Memory leaks (hunt and destroy with tools like Purify(Kurt)
5619 Minor improvements to rules system
5621 New asserts for run-checking
5622 Overhauled parser/analyze code to properly report errors and increase speed
5623 Pg_dump -d now handles NULL's properly(Bruce)
5624 Prevent SELECT NULL from crashing server (Bruce)
5625 Properly report errors when INSERT ... SELECT columns did not match
5626 Properly report errors when insert column names were not correct
5627 psql \g filename now works(Bruce)
5628 psql fixed problem with multiple statements on one line with multiple outputs
5629 Removed duplicate system OIDs
5630 SELECT * INTO TABLE . GROUP/ORDER BY gives unlink error if table exists(Bruce)
5631 Several fixes for queries that crashed the backend
5632 Starting quote in insert string errors(Bruce)
5633 Submitting an empty query now returns empty status, not just " " query(Bruce)
5637 Add EXPLAIN manual page(Bruce)
5638 Add UNIQUE index capability(Dan)
5639 Add hostname/user level access control rather than just hostname and user
5640 Add synonym of != for <>(Bruce)
5641 Allow "select oid,* from table"
5642 Allow BY,ORDER BY to specify columns by number, or by non-alias table.column(Bruce)
5643 Allow COPY from the frontend(Bryan)
5644 Allow GROUP BY to use alias column name(Bruce)
5645 Allow actual compression, not just reuse on the same page(Vadim)
5646 Allow installation-configuration option to auto-add all local users(Bryan)
5647 Allow libpq to distinguish between text value '' and null(Bruce)
5648 Allow non-postgres users with createdb privs to destroydb's
5649 Allow restriction on who can create C functions(Bryan)
5650 Allow restriction on who can do backend COPY(Bryan)
5651 Can shrink tables, pg_time and pg_log(Vadim & Erich)
5652 Change debug level 2 to print queries only, changed debug heading layout(Bruce)
5653 Change default decimal constant representation from float4 to float8(Bruce)
5654 European date format now set when postmaster is started
5655 Execute lowercase function names if not found with exact case
5656 Fixes for aggregate/GROUP processing, allow 'select sum(func(x),sum(x+y) from z'
5657 Gist now included in the distrubution(Marc)
5658 Idend authentication of local users(Bryan)
5659 Implement BETWEEN qualifier(Bruce)
5660 Implement IN qualifier(Bruce)
5661 libpq has PQgetisnull()(Bruce)
5662 libpq++ improvements
5663 New options to initdb(Bryan)
5664 Pg_dump allow dump of OIDs(Bruce)
5665 Pg_dump create indexes after tables are loaded for speed(Bruce)
5666 Pg_dumpall dumps all databases, and the user table
5667 Pginterface additions for NULL values(Bruce)
5668 Prevent postmaster from being run as root
5669 psql \h and \? is now readable(Bruce)
5670 psql allow backslashed, semicolons anywhere on the line(Bruce)
5671 psql changed command prompt for lines in query or in quotes(Bruce)
5672 psql char(3) now displays as (bp)char in \d output(Bruce)
5673 psql return code now more accurate(Bryan?)
5674 psql updated help syntax(Bruce)
5675 Re-visit and fix vacuum(Vadim)
5676 Reduce size of regression diffs, remove timezone name difference(Bruce)
5677 Remove compile-time parameters to enable binary distributions(Bryan)
5678 Reverse meaning of HBA masks(Bryan)
5679 Secure Authentication of local users(Bryan)
5680 Speed up vacuum(Vadim)
5681 Vacuum now had VERBOSE option(Bruce)
5685 All functions now have prototypes that are compared against the calls
5686 Allow asserts to be disabled easly from Makefile.global(Bruce)
5687 Change oid constants used in code to #define names
5688 Decoupled sparc and solaris defines(Kurt)
5689 Gcc -Wall compiles cleanly with warnings only from unfixable constructs
5690 Major include file reorganization/reduction(Marc)
5691 Make now stops on compile failure(Bryan)
5692 Makefile restructuring(Bryan, Marc)
5693 Merge bsdi_2_1 to bsdi(Bruce)
5694 Monitor program removed
5695 Name change from Postgres95 to PostgreSQL
5696 New config.h file(Marc, Bryan)
5697 PG_VERSION now set to 6.0 and used by postmaster
5698 Portability additions, including Ultrix, DG/UX, AIX, and Solaris
5699 Reduced the number of #define's, centeralized #define's
5700 Remove duplicate OIDS in system tables(Dan)
5701 Remove duplicate system catalog info or report mismatches(Dan)
5702 Removed many os-specific #define's
5703 Restructured object file generation/location(Bryan, Marc)
5704 Restructured port-specific file locations(Bryan, Marc)
5705 Unused/uninialized variables corrected
5711 <sect1 id="release-1-09">
5712 <title>Release 1.09</title>
5715 <title>Release date</title>
5716 <simpara>1996-11-04</simpara>
5720 Sorry, we didn't keep track of changes from 1.02 to 1.09. Some of
5721 the changes listed in 6.0 were actually included in the 1.02.1 to 1.09
5726 <sect1 id="release-1-02">
5727 <title>Release 1.02</title>
5730 <title>Release date</title>
5731 <simpara>1996-08-01</simpara>
5735 <title>Migration from version 1.02 to version 1.02.1</title>
5738 Here is a new migration file for 1.02.1. It includes the 'copy' change
5739 and a script to convert old <acronym>ASCII</acronym> files.
5743 The following notes are for the benefit of users who want to migrate
5744 databases from <productname>Postgres95</> 1.01 and 1.02 to <productname>Postgres95</> 1.02.1.
5747 If you are starting afresh with <productname>Postgres95</> 1.02.1 and do not need
5748 to migrate old databases, you do not need to read any further.
5753 In order to upgrade older <productname>Postgres95</> version 1.01 or 1.02 databases to
5754 version 1.02.1, the following steps are required:
5759 Start up a new 1.02.1 postmaster
5764 Add the new built-in functions and operators of 1.02.1 to 1.01 or 1.02
5765 databases. This is done by running the new 1.02.1 server against
5766 your own 1.01 or 1.02 database and applying the queries attached at
5767 the end of the file. This can be done easily through <command>psql</>. If your
5768 1.01 or 1.02 database is named <literal>testdb</literal> and you have cut the commands
5769 from the end of this file and saved them in <filename>addfunc.sql</filename>:
5771 % psql testdb -f addfunc.sql
5774 Those upgrading 1.02 databases will get a warning when executing the
5775 last two statements in the file because they are already present in 1.02. This is
5776 not a cause for concern.
5783 <title>Dump/Reload Procedure</title>
5786 If you are trying to reload a pg_dump or text-mode, <literal>copy tablename to
5787 stdout</literal> generated with a previous version, you will need to run the
5788 attached <command>sed</command> script on the ASCII file before loading it into the
5789 database. The old format used '.' as end-of-data, while '\.' is now the
5790 end-of-data marker. Also, empty strings are now loaded in as '' rather
5791 than NULL. See the copy manual page for full details.
5794 sed 's/^\.$/\\./g' <in_file >out_file
5798 If you are loading an older binary copy or non-<systemitem>stdout</> copy, there is no
5799 end-of-data character, and hence no conversion necessary.
5802 -- following lines added by agc to reflect the case-insensitive
5803 -- regexp searching for varchar (in 1.02), and bpchar (in 1.02.1)
5804 create operator ~* (leftarg = bpchar, rightarg = text, procedure = texticregexeq);
5805 create operator !~* (leftarg = bpchar, rightarg = text, procedure = texticregexne);
5806 create operator ~* (leftarg = varchar, rightarg = text, procedure = texticregexeq);
5807 create operator !~* (leftarg = varchar, rightarg = text, procedure = texticregexne);
5813 <title>Changes</title>
5817 Source code maintenance and development
5818 * worldwide team of volunteers
5819 * the source tree now in CVS at ftp.ki.net
5822 * psql (and underlying libpq library) now has many more options for
5823 formatting output, including HTML
5824 * pg_dump now output the schema and/or the data, with many fixes to
5825 enhance completeness.
5826 * psql used in place of monitor in administration shell scripts.
5827 monitor to be deprecated in next release.
5828 * date/time functions enhanced
5829 * NULL insert/update/comparison fixed/enhanced
5830 * TCL/TK lib and shell fixed to work with both tck7.4/tk4.0 and tcl7.5/tk4.1
5832 Bug Fixes (almost too numerous to mention)
5834 * storage management
5835 * check for NULL pointer before dereferencing
5839 * added SolarisX86 port
5840 * added BSD/OS 2.1 port
5845 Contributors (appologies to any missed)
5846 * Kurt J. Lidl <lidl@va.pubnix.com>
5847 (missed in first run, but no less important)
5848 * Erich Stamberger <eberger@gewi.kfunigraz.ac.at>
5849 * Jason Wright <jason@shiloh.vnet.net>
5850 * Cees de Groot <C.deGroot@inter.NL.net>
5851 * ernst.molitor@uni-bonn.de
5852 * michael.siebenborn@ae3.Hypo.DE (Michael Siebenborn (6929))
5853 * Brian E. Gallew <geek+@cmu.edu>
5854 * Vadim B. Mikheev <vadim@sable.krasnoyarsk.su>
5855 * Adam Sussman <myddryn@vidya.com>
5856 * Chris Dunlop <chris@onthe.net.au>
5857 * Marc G. Fournier <scrappy@ki.net>
5858 * Dan McGuirk <mcguirk@indirect.com>
5859 * Dr_George_D_Detlefsen <drgeorge@ilt.com>
5860 * Erich Stamberger <eberger@gewi.kfunigraz.ac.at>
5861 * Massimo Dal Zotto <dz@cs.unitn.it>
5862 * Randy Kunkee <kunkee@Starbase.NeoSoft.COM>
5863 * Rick Weldon <rick@wisetech.com>
5864 * Thomas van Reimersdahl <reimersd@dali.techinfo.rwth-aachen.de>
5865 * david bennett <dave@bensoft.com>
5866 * ernst.molitor@uni-bonn.de
5867 * Julian Assange <proff@suburbia.net>
5868 * Bruce Momjian <pgman@candle.pha.pa.us>
5869 * Paul "Shag" Walmsley <ccshag@cclabs.missouri.edu>
5870 * "Alistair G. Crooks" <azcb0@sde.uts.amdahl.com>
5875 <sect1 id="release-1-01">
5876 <title>Release 1.01</title>
5879 <title>Release date</title>
5880 <simpara>1996-02-23</simpara>
5885 <title>Migration from version 1.0 to version 1.01</title>
5888 The following notes are for the benefit of users who want to migrate
5889 databases from <productname>Postgres95</> 1.0 to <productname>Postgres95</> 1.01.
5892 If you are starting afresh with <productname>Postgres95</> 1.01 and do not need
5893 to migrate old databases, you do not need to read any further.
5896 In order to <productname>Postgres95</> version 1.01 with databases created with
5897 <productname>Postgres95</> version 1.0, the following steps are required:
5902 Set the definition of <symbol>NAMEDATALEN</symbol> in <filename>src/Makefile.global</filename> to 16
5903 and <symbol>OIDNAMELEN</symbol> to 20.
5908 Decide whether you want to use Host based authentication.
5913 If you do, you must create a file name <literal>pg_hba</literal> in your top-level data
5914 directory (typically the value of your <envar>$PGDATA</envar>). <filename>src/libpq/pg_hba</filename>
5915 shows an example syntax.
5920 If you do not want host-based authentication, you can comment out
5925 in <filename>src/Makefile.global</filename>
5928 Note that host-based authentication is turned on by default, and if
5929 you do not take steps A or B above, the out-of-the-box 1.01 will
5930 not allow you to connect to 1.0 databases.
5938 Compile and install 1.01, but DO NOT do the <command>initdb</command> step.
5943 Before doing anything else, terminate your 1.0 postmaster, and
5944 backup your existing <envar>$PGDATA</envar> directory.
5949 Set your <envar>PGDATA</envar> environment variable to your 1.0 databases, but set up
5950 path up so that 1.01 binaries are being used.
5955 Modify the file <filename><envar>$PGDATA</envar>/PG_VERSION</filename> from 5.0 to 5.1
5960 Start up a new 1.01 postmaster
5965 Add the new built-in functions and operators of 1.01 to 1.0
5966 databases. This is done by running the new 1.01 server against
5967 your own 1.0 database and applying the queries attached and saving
5968 in the file 1.0_to_1.01.sql. This can be done easily through <command>psql</command>.
5969 If your 1.0 database is name <literal>testdb</literal>:
5972 % psql testdb -f 1.0_to_1.01.sql
5975 and then execute the following commands (cut and paste from here):
5978 -- add builtin functions that are new to 1.01
5980 create function int4eqoid (int4, oid) returns bool as 'foo'
5981 language 'internal';
5982 create function oideqint4 (oid, int4) returns bool as 'foo'
5983 language 'internal';
5984 create function char2icregexeq (char2, text) returns bool as 'foo'
5985 language 'internal';
5986 create function char2icregexne (char2, text) returns bool as 'foo'
5987 language 'internal';
5988 create function char4icregexeq (char4, text) returns bool as 'foo'
5989 language 'internal';
5990 create function char4icregexne (char4, text) returns bool as 'foo'
5991 language 'internal';
5992 create function char8icregexeq (char8, text) returns bool as 'foo'
5993 language 'internal';
5994 create function char8icregexne (char8, text) returns bool as 'foo'
5995 language 'internal';
5996 create function char16icregexeq (char16, text) returns bool as 'foo'
5997 language 'internal';
5998 create function char16icregexne (char16, text) returns bool as 'foo'
5999 language 'internal';
6000 create function texticregexeq (text, text) returns bool as 'foo'
6001 language 'internal';
6002 create function texticregexne (text, text) returns bool as 'foo'
6003 language 'internal';
6005 -- add builtin functions that are new to 1.01
6007 create operator = (leftarg = int4, rightarg = oid, procedure = int4eqoid);
6008 create operator = (leftarg = oid, rightarg = int4, procedure = oideqint4);
6009 create operator ~* (leftarg = char2, rightarg = text, procedure = char2icregexeq);
6010 create operator !~* (leftarg = char2, rightarg = text, procedure = char2icregexne);
6011 create operator ~* (leftarg = char4, rightarg = text, procedure = char4icregexeq);
6012 create operator !~* (leftarg = char4, rightarg = text, procedure = char4icregexne);
6013 create operator ~* (leftarg = char8, rightarg = text, procedure = char8icregexeq);
6014 create operator !~* (leftarg = char8, rightarg = text, procedure = char8icregexne);
6015 create operator ~* (leftarg = char16, rightarg = text, procedure = char16icregexeq);
6016 create operator !~* (leftarg = char16, rightarg = text, procedure = char16icregexne);
6017 create operator ~* (leftarg = text, rightarg = text, procedure = texticregexeq);
6018 create operator !~* (leftarg = text, rightarg = text, procedure = texticregexne);
6026 <title>Changes</title>
6031 * 1.01 is backwards compatible with 1.0 database provided the user
6032 follow the steps outlined in the MIGRATION_from_1.0_to_1.01 file.
6033 If those steps are not taken, 1.01 is not compatible with 1.0 database.
6036 * added PQdisplayTuples() to libpq and changed monitor and psql to use it
6037 * added NeXT port (requires SysVIPC implementation)
6038 * added CAST .. AS ... syntax
6039 * added ASC and DESC key words
6040 * added 'internal' as a possible language for CREATE FUNCTION
6041 internal functions are C functions which have been statically linked
6042 into the postgres backend.
6043 * a new type "name" has been added for system identifiers (table names,
6044 attribute names, etc.) This replaces the old char16 type. The
6045 of name is set by the NAMEDATALEN #define in src/Makefile.global
6046 * a readable reference manual that describes the query language.
6047 * added host-based access control. A configuration file ($PGDATA/pg_hba)
6048 is used to hold the configuration data. If host-based access control
6049 is not desired, comment out HBA=1 in src/Makefile.global.
6050 * changed regex handling to be uniform use of Henry Spencer's regex code
6051 regardless of platform. The regex code is included in the distribution
6052 * added functions and operators for case-insensitive regular expressions.
6053 The operators are ~* and !~*.
6054 * pg_dump uses COPY instead of SELECT loop for better performance
6057 * fixed an optimizer bug that was causing core dumps when
6058 functions calls were used in comparisons in the WHERE clause
6059 * changed all uses of getuid to geteuid so that effective uids are used
6060 * psql now returns non-zero status on errors when using -c
6061 * applied public patches 1-14
6067 <sect1 id="release-1-0">
6068 <title>Release 1.0</title>
6071 <title>Release date</title>
6072 <simpara>1995-09-05</simpara>
6076 <title>Changes</title>
6081 * The copyright of <productname>Postgres</productname> 1.0 has been loosened to be freely modifiable
6082 and modifiable for any purpose. Please read the COPYRIGHT file.
6083 Thanks to Professor Michael Stonebraker for making this possible.
6086 * date formats have to be MM-DD-YYYY (or DD-MM-YYYY if you're using
6087 EUROPEAN STYLE). This follows SQL-92 specs.
6088 * "delimiters" is now a key word
6091 * sql LIKE syntax has been added
6092 * copy command now takes an optional USING DELIMITER specification.
6093 delimiters can be any single-character string.
6094 * IRIX 5.3 port has been added.
6095 Thanks to Paul Walmsley and others.
6096 * updated pg_dump to work with new libpq
6097 * \d has been added psql
6098 Thanks to Keith Parks
6099 * regexp performance for architectures that use POSIX regex has been
6100 improved due to caching of precompiled patterns.
6101 Thanks to Alistair Crooks
6102 * a new version of libpq++
6103 Thanks to William Wanders
6106 * arbitrary userids can be specified in the createuser script
6107 * \c to connect to other databases in psql now works.
6108 * bad pg_proc entry for float4inc() is fixed
6109 * users with usecreatedb field set can now create databases without
6110 having to be usesuper
6111 * remove access control entries when the entry no longer has any
6113 * fixed non-portable datetimes implementation
6114 * added kerberos flags to the src/backend/Makefile
6115 * libpq now works with kerberos
6116 * typographic errors in the user manual have been corrected.
6117 * btrees with multiple index never worked, now we tell you they don't
6118 work when you try to use them
6124 <sect1 id="release-0-03">
6125 <title><productname>Postgres95</productname> Release 0.03</title>
6128 <title>Release date</title>
6129 <simpara>1995-07-21</simpara>
6133 <title>Changes</title>
6136 Incompatible changes:
6137 * BETA-0.3 IS INCOMPATIBLE WITH DATABASES CREATED WITH PREVIOUS VERSIONS
6138 (due to system catalog changes and indexing structure changes).
6139 * double-quote (") is deprecated as a quoting character for string literals;
6140 you need to convert them to single quotes ('). <!-- " -->
6141 * name of aggregates (eg. int4sum) are renamed in accordance with the
6142 SQL standard (eg. sum).
6143 * CHANGE ACL syntax is replaced by GRANT/REVOKE syntax.
6144 * float literals (eg. 3.14) are now of type float4 (instead of float8 in
6145 previous releases); you might have to do typecasting if you depend on it
6146 being of type float8. If you neglect to do the typecasting and you assign
6147 a float literal to a field of type float8, you may get incorrect values
6149 * LIBPQ has been totally revamped so that frontend applications
6150 can connect to multiple backends
6151 * the usesysid field in pg_user has been changed from int2 to int4 to
6152 allow wider range of Unix user ids.
6153 * the netbsd/freebsd/bsd o/s ports have been consolidated into a
6154 single BSD44_derived port. (thanks to Alistair Crooks)
6156 SQL standard-compliance (the following details changes that makes postgres95
6157 more compliant to the SQL-92 standard):
6158 * the following SQL types are now built-in: smallint, int(eger), float, real,
6159 char(N), varchar(N), date and time.
6161 The following are aliases to existing postgres types:
6163 integer, int -> int4
6164 float, real -> float4
6165 char(N) and varchar(N) are implemented as truncated text types. In
6166 addition, char(N) does blank-padding.
6167 * single-quote (') is used for quoting string literals; '' (in addition to
6168 \') is supported as means of inserting a single quote in a string
6169 * SQL standard aggregate names (MAX, MIN, AVG, SUM, COUNT) are used
6170 (Also, aggregates can now be overloaded, i.e. you can define your
6171 own MAX aggregate to take in a user-defined type.)
6172 * CHANGE ACL removed. GRANT/REVOKE syntax added.
6173 - Privileges can be given to a group using the "GROUP" key word.
6175 GRANT SELECT ON foobar TO GROUP my_group;
6176 The key word 'PUBLIC' is also supported to mean all users.
6178 Privileges can only be granted or revoked to one user or group
6181 "WITH GRANT OPTION" is not supported. Only class owners can change
6183 - The default access control is to to grant users readonly access.
6184 You must explicitly grant insert/update access to users. To change
6185 this, modify the line in
6186 src/backend/utils/acl.h
6187 that defines ACL_WORLD_DEFAULT
6190 * the bug where aggregates of empty tables were not run has been fixed. Now,
6191 aggregates run on empty tables will return the initial conditions of the
6192 aggregates. Thus, COUNT of an empty table will now properly return 0.
6193 MAX/MIN of an empty table will return a row of value NULL.
6194 * allow the use of \; inside the monitor
6195 * the LISTEN/NOTIFY asynchronous notification mechanism now work
6196 * NOTIFY in rule action bodies now work
6197 * hash indexes work, and access methods in general should perform better.
6198 creation of large btree indexes should be much faster. (thanks to Paul
6201 Other changes and enhancements:
6202 * addition of an EXPLAIN statement used for explaining the query execution
6203 plan (eg. "EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM EMP" prints out the execution plan for
6205 * WARN and NOTICE messages no longer have timestamps on them. To turn on
6206 timestamps of error messages, uncomment the line in
6207 src/backend/utils/elog.h:
6208 /* define ELOG_TIMESTAMPS */
6209 * On an access control violation, the message
6210 "Either no such class or insufficient privilege"
6211 will be given. This is the same message that is returned when
6212 a class is not found. This dissuades non-privileged users from
6213 guessing the existence of privileged classes.
6214 * some additional system catalog changes have been made that are not
6215 visible to the user.
6218 * The -oid option has been added to the "pg_result" tcl command.
6219 pg_result -oid returns oid of the last row inserted. If the
6220 last command was not an INSERT, then pg_result -oid returns "".
6221 * the large object interface is available as pg_lo* tcl commands:
6222 pg_lo_open, pg_lo_close, pg_lo_creat, etc.
6224 Portability enhancements and New Ports:
6225 * flex/lex problems have been cleared up. Now, you should be able to use
6226 flex instead of lex on any platforms. We no longer make assumptions of
6227 what lexer you use based on the platform you use.
6228 * The Linux-ELF port is now supported. Various configuration have been
6229 tested: The following configuration is known to work:
6230 kernel 1.2.10, gcc 2.6.3, libc 4.7.2, flex 2.5.2, bison 1.24
6231 with everything in ELF format,
6234 * ipcclean added to the distribution
6235 ipcclean usually does not need to be run, but if your backend crashes
6236 and leaves shared memory segments hanging around, ipcclean will
6237 clean them up for you.
6240 * the user manual has been revised and libpq documentation added.
6246 <sect1 id="release-0-02">
6247 <title><productname>Postgres95</productname> Release 0.02</title>
6250 <title>Release date</title>
6251 <simpara>1995-05-25</simpara>
6255 <title>Changes</title>
6259 Incompatible changes:
6260 * The SQL statement for creating a database is 'CREATE DATABASE' instead
6261 of 'CREATEDB'. Similarly, dropping a database is 'DROP DATABASE' instead
6262 of 'DESTROYDB'. However, the names of the executables 'createdb' and
6263 'destroydb' remain the same.
6266 * pgperl - a Perl (4.036) interface to Postgres95
6267 * pg_dump - a utility for dumping out a postgres database into a
6268 script file containing query commands. The script files are in a ASCII
6269 format and can be used to reconstruct the database, even on other
6270 machines and other architectures. (Also good for converting
6271 a Postgres 4.2 database to Postgres95 database.)
6273 The following ports have been incorporated into postgres95-beta-0.02:
6274 * the NetBSD port by Alistair Crooks
6275 * the AIX port by Mike Tung
6276 * the Windows NT port by Jon Forrest (more stuff but not done yet)
6277 * the Linux ELF port by Brian Gallew
6279 The following bugs have been fixed in postgres95-beta-0.02:
6280 * new lines not escaped in COPY OUT and problem with COPY OUT when first
6282 * cannot type return to use the default user id in createuser
6283 * SELECT DISTINCT on big tables crashes
6284 * Linux installation problems
6285 * monitor doesn't allow use of 'localhost' as PGHOST
6286 * psql core dumps when doing \c or \l
6287 * the "pgtclsh" target missing from src/bin/pgtclsh/Makefile
6288 * libpgtcl has a hard-wired default port number
6289 * SELECT DISTINCT INTO TABLE hangs
6290 * CREATE TYPE doesn't accept 'variable' as the internallength
6291 * wrong result using more than 1 aggregate in a SELECT
6297 <sect1 id="release-0-01">
6298 <title><productname>Postgres95</productname> Release 0.01</title>
6301 <title>Release date</title>
6302 <simpara>1995-05-01</simpara>
6311 <sect1 id="timing-results">
6312 <title>Timing Results</title>
6315 These timing results are from running the regression test with the commands
6318 % cd src/test/regress
6324 Timing under Linux 2.0.27 seems to have a roughly 5% variation from run
6325 to run, presumably due to the scheduling vagaries of multitasking systems.
6329 <title>Version 6.5</title>
6332 As has been the case for previous releases, timing between
6333 releases is not directly comparable since new regression tests
6334 have been added. In general, 6.5 is faster than previous
6339 Timing with <function>fsync()</function> disabled:
6343 02:00 Dual Pentium Pro 180, 224MB, UW-SCSI, Linux 2.0.36, gcc 2.7.2.3 -O2 -m486
6344 04:38 Sparc Ultra 1 143MHz, 64MB, Solaris 2.6
6349 Timing with <function>fsync()</function> enabled:
6353 04:21 Dual Pentium Pro 180, 224MB, UW-SCSI, Linux 2.0.36, gcc 2.7.2.3 -O2 -m486
6356 For the <systemitem class="osname">Linux</systemitem> system above, using <acronym>UW-SCSI</acronym> disks rather than (older) <acronym>IDE</acronym>
6357 disks leads to a 50% improvement in speed on the regression test.
6362 <title>Version 6.4beta</title>
6365 The times for this release are not directly comparable to those for previous releases
6366 since some additional regression tests have been included.
6367 In general, however, 6.4 should be slightly faster than the previous release (thanks, Bruce!).
6372 02:26 Dual Pentium Pro 180, 96MB, UW-SCSI, Linux 2.0.30, gcc 2.7.2.1 -O2 -m486
6378 <title>Version 6.3</title>
6381 The times for this release are not directly comparable to those for previous releases
6382 since some additional regression tests have been included and some obsolete tests involving
6383 time travel have been removed.
6384 In general, however, 6.3 is substantially faster than previous releases (thanks, Bruce!).
6389 02:30 Dual Pentium Pro 180, 96MB, UW-SCSI, Linux 2.0.30, gcc 2.7.2.1 -O2 -m486
6390 04:12 Dual Pentium Pro 180, 96MB, EIDE, Linux 2.0.30, gcc 2.7.2.1 -O2 -m486
6396 <title>Version 6.1</title>
6401 06:12 Pentium Pro 180, 32MB, EIDE, Linux 2.0.30, gcc 2.7.2 -O2 -m486
6402 12:06 P-100, 48MB, Linux 2.0.29, gcc
6403 39:58 Sparc IPC 32MB, Solaris 2.5, gcc 2.7.2.1 -O -g
6411 <!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file
6416 sgml-minimize-attributes:nil
6417 sgml-always-quote-attributes:t
6420 sgml-parent-document:nil
6421 sgml-default-dtd-file:"./reference.ced"
6422 sgml-exposed-tags:nil
6423 sgml-local-catalogs:("/usr/lib/sgml/catalog")
6424 sgml-local-ecat-files:nil