2 $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/release.sgml,v 1.306 2004/11/10 06:13:12 momjian Exp $
5 <appendix id="release">
6 <title>Release Notes</title>
8 <sect1 id="release-8-0">
9 <title>Release 8.0</title>
12 <title>Release date</title>
13 <simpara>2004-??-??, current as of 2004-11-06</simpara>
17 <title>Overview</title>
20 Major changes in this release:
30 This is the first <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
31 release to natively run on Microsoft Windows as a server. It
32 can run as a Windows service. This release supports NT-based
33 Windows releases like Win2000, XP, Win2003. Older releases
34 like Windows 95, 98, and ME are not supported because these
35 operating systems do not have the infrastructure to support
36 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>. A separate installer
37 project has been created to ease installation on Windows:
38 <ulink url="http://pgfoundry.org/projects/pginstaller">
39 http://pgfoundry.org/projects/pginstaller</ulink>.
42 Although tested throughout our release cycle, the Windows port
43 does not have the benefit of years of use in production
44 environments that PostgreSQL has on Unix platforms and
45 therefore should be treated with the same level of caution as
46 you would a new product.
49 Previous releases required the Unix emulation toolkit Cygwin for
50 Win32 server support. <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
51 has always supported clients on Win32.
63 Savepoints allow specific parts of a transaction to be aborted
64 without affecting the remainder of the transaction. Prior
65 releases had no such capability; there was no way to recover
66 from a statement failure within a transaction except by
67 aborting the whole transaction. This feature is valuable for
68 application writers who require error recovery within a
76 Point-In-Time Recovery
81 Though <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> is very reliable,
82 in previous releases there was no way to recover from disk
83 drive failure except to restore from a previous backup or use
84 a standby replication server. Point-in-time recovery allows
85 continuous backup of the server. You can recover either to
86 the point of failure or to some transaction in the past.
98 Tablespaces allow administrators to select the file systems
99 used for storage of tables, indexes, and entire databases.
100 This improves performance and control over disk space
101 usage. Prior releases used <application>initlocation</> and
102 manual symlink management for such tasks.
109 Improved Buffer Management, <command>CHECKPOINT</command>,
110 <command>VACUUM</command>
115 This release has a more intelligent buffer replacement strategy,
116 which will make better use of available shared buffers and
117 improve performance. The performance impact of vacuum and
118 checkpoints is also lessened.
130 A column's data type can now be changed with <command>ALTER
138 New Perl Server-Side Language
143 A new version of the <application>plperl</> server-side language now
144 supports a persistent shared storage area, triggers, returning records
145 and arrays of records, and SPI calls to access the database.
152 CSV support in <command>COPY</command>
157 <command>COPY</command> can now read and write
158 comma-separated-value (CSV) files. It has the flexibility to
159 interpret non-standard quoting and separation characters too.
169 <title>Migration to version 8.0</title>
172 A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application> is
173 required for those wishing to migrate data from any previous
178 Observe the following incompatibilities:
184 Server configuration parameters <varname>virtual_host</> and
185 <varname>tcpip_socket</> have been replaced with a more general
186 parameter <varname>listen_addresses</>. Also, the server now listens on
187 <literal>localhost</> by default, which eliminates the need for the
188 <literal>-i</> postmaster switch in many scenarios.
194 Server configuration parameters <varname>SortMem</> and
195 <varname>VacuumMem</> have been renamed to <varname>work_mem</>
196 and <varname>maintenance_work_mem</> to better reflect their
197 use. The original names are still supported in
198 <command>SET</command> and <command>SHOW</command>.
204 Server configuration parameters <varname>log_pid</>,
205 <varname>log_timestamp</>, and <varname>log_source_port</> have been
206 removed now that a more flexible <varname>log_line_prefix</> has been
213 Server configuration parameter <varname>syslog</> has been removed and
214 replaced with a more logical <varname>log_destination</> variable to
215 control the log output destination.
221 Server configuration parameter <varname>log_statement</> has been
222 changed so it can selectively log just database modification or
223 data definition statements. Server configuration parameter <varname>
224 log_duration</> now prints only when <varname>log_statement</>
231 Server configuration parameter <varname>max_expr_depth</> parameter has
232 been replaced with <varname>max_stack_depth</> which measures the
233 physical stack size rather than the expression nesting depth. This
234 helps prevent session termination due to stack overflow caused by
241 The length() function no longer counts trailing spaces in
248 Casting an integer to BIT(N) selects the rightmost N bits of the
249 integer, not the leftmost N bits as before.
255 UPDATE-ing an element or slice of a NULL array value now produces
256 a non-NULL array result, namely an array containing
257 just the assigned-to positions.
263 Overflow in integer arithmetic operations is now detected and
264 reported as an error.
270 The arithmetic operators associated with the <quote>char</> data type
277 The server now warns of empty strings passed to
278 <type>oid</type>/<type>float4</type>/<type>float8</type> data
279 types. In the next major release, doing this will generate an
286 The extract() function (also called date_part) now returns the proper
287 year for BC dates. It previously returned one less than the current
288 year. The function now also returns the proper values for millennium
295 psql's \copy command now reads or writes the query stdin/stdout, rather
296 than psql's stdin/stdout. The previous behavior can be accessed via new
297 pstdin/pstdout parameters.
302 <para> The JDBC client interface has been removed from the core
303 distribution, and is now hosted at <ulink url=
304 "http://jdbc.postgresql.org">http://jdbc.postgresql.org</ulink>.
305 The TCL client interface has also been removed. There are several
306 TCL interfaces now hosted at <ulink url=
307 "http://gborg.postgresql.org">http://gborg.postgresql.org</ulink>.
313 The server now uses its own time zone database, rather than the
314 one supplied by the operating system. This will provide consistent
315 behavior across all platforms. In most cases, there should be
316 little noticeable difference in time zone behavior, except that
317 the time zone names used by SET/SHOW <varname>TimeZone</> may
318 be different from what your platform provides.
324 <command>EXECUTE</command> now returns a completion tag that
325 matches the executed statement.
331 configure's threading option no longer requires users to run
332 tests or edit configuration files; threading options are now detected
339 Now that tablespaces have been implemented,
340 <application>initlocation</> has been removed.
346 Syntax checking of array input values has been tightened up
347 considerably. Junk that was previously allowed in odd places with
348 odd results now causes an ERROR. Empty-string element values must
349 now be written as <literal>""</>, rather than writing nothing.
350 Also changed behavior with respect to whitespace surrounding array
351 elements: trailing whitespace is now ignored, for symmetry with leading
352 whitespace (which has always been ignored).
358 In <literal>READ COMMITTED</> serialization mode, volatile functions
359 now see the results of concurrent transactions committed up to the
360 beginning of each statement within the function, rather than up to the
361 beginning of the interactive command that called the function.
367 Functions declared <literal>STABLE</> or <literal>IMMUTABLE</> always
368 use the snapshot of the calling query, and therefore do not see the
369 effects of actions taken after the calling query starts, whether in
370 their own transaction or other transactions. Such a function must be
371 read-only, too, meaning that it cannot use any SQL commands other than
378 Non-deferred AFTER triggers are now fired immediately after completion
379 of the triggering query, rather than upon finishing the current
380 interactive command. This makes a difference when the triggering query
381 occurred within a function: the trigger is invoked before the function
382 proceeds to its next operation.
388 CIDR values now must have their non-masked bits be zero. For example,
389 no longer allow <literal>204.248.199.1/31</literal> as a CIDR value.
390 Such values should have never been accepted by PostgreSQL and will now be
401 <title>Deprecated Features</title>
404 Some aspects of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>'s behavior
405 have been determined to be suboptimal. For the sake of backward
406 compatibility these have not been removed in 8.0, but they are
407 considered deprecated and will be removed in the next major
414 The 8.1 release will remove the function
415 <literal>to_char(interval)</literal>.
421 By default, tables in <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 8.0
422 and earlier are created with OIDs. In the next release, this
423 will <emphasis>not</emphasis> be the case: to create a table
424 that contains OIDs, the <literal>WITH OIDS</literal> clause must
425 be specified or the <varname>default_with_oids</varname>
426 configuration parameter must be enabled. Users are encouraged to
427 explicitly specify <literal>WITH OIDS</literal> if their tables
428 require OIDs for compatibility with future releases of
429 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
436 <title>Changes</title>
439 Below you will find a detailed account of the changes between
440 release 8.0 and the previous major release.
444 <title>Performance Improvements</title>
449 Support cross-data-type index usage (Tom)
452 Before this change, many queries would not use an index if the data
453 types did not match exactly. This improvement makes index usage more
454 intuitive and consistent.
460 New buffer replacement strategy that improves caching (Jan)
463 Prior releases used a least-recently-used (LRU) cache to keep
464 recently referenced pages in memory. The LRU algorithm
465 did not consider the number of times a specific cache entry was
466 accessed, so large table scans could force out useful cache pages.
467 The new cache algorithm uses four separate lists to track most
468 recently used and most frequently used cache pages and dynamically
469 optimize their replacement based on the work load. This should
470 lead to much more efficient use of the shared buffer cache.
471 Administrators who have tested shared buffer sizes in the past
472 should retest with this new cache replacement policy.
478 Add subprocess to write dirty buffers periodically to reduce checkpoint writes (Jan)
481 In previous releases, the checkpoint process, which runs every few
482 minutes, would write all dirty buffers to the operating system's
483 buffer cache then flush all dirty operating system buffers to
484 disk. This often resulted in a periodic spike in disk usage that
485 hurt performance. The new code uses a background writer to trickle
486 disk writes at a steady pace so checkpoints have far fewer dirty
487 pages to write to disk. Also, the new code does not issue a global
488 sync() call, but instead fsync()s just the files written since the
489 last checkpoint. This should improve performance and
490 minimize degradation during checkpoints.
496 Add ability to prolong vacuum to reduce performance impact (Jan)
499 On busy systems, <command>VACUUM</command> performs many I/O
500 requests which can hurt performance for other users. This
501 release allows you to slow down <command>VACUUM</command> to
502 reduce its impact on other users, though this increases the
503 total duration of <command>VACUUM</command>.
509 Improve btree index performance for duplicate keys (Dmitry Tkach, Tom)
512 This improves the way indexes are scanned when many duplicate
513 values exist in the index.
519 Improved index usage with OR clauses (Tom)
522 This allows the optimizer to use indexes in statements with many OR
523 clauses that would not have been indexed in the past. It can also use
524 multi-column indexes where the first column is specified and the second
525 column is part of an OR clause.
531 Improve matching of partial index clauses (Tom)
534 The server is now smarter about using partial indexes in queries
535 involving complex WHERE clauses.
541 Improve performance of the GEQO optimizer (Tom)
544 The GEQO optimizer is used to plan queries involving many tables (by
545 default, twelve or more). This release speeds up the way queries are
546 analyzed to decrease time spent in optimization.
552 Miscellaneous optimizer improvements
555 There is not room here to list all the minor improvements made, but
556 numerous special cases work better than in prior releases.
562 Improve lookup speed for C functions (Tom)
565 This release uses a hash table to lookup information for dynamically
566 loaded C functions. This improves their speed so they perform nearly as
567 quickly as functions that are built into the server executable.
573 Add type-specific <command>ANALYZE</command> statistics
574 capability (Mark Cave-Ayland)
577 This feature allows more flexibility in generating statistics
578 for non-standard data types.
584 Allow collection of <command>ANALYZE</command> statistics for
585 expression indexes (Tom)
588 Expression indexes (also called functional indexes) allow users to
589 index not just columns but the results of expressions and function
590 calls. With this release, the optimizer can gather and use statistics
591 about the contents of expression indexes. This will greatly improve
592 the quality of planning for queries in which an expression index is
599 New two-stage sampling method for <command>ANALYZE</command>
603 This gives better statistics for asymmetric data distributions.
609 Speed up <command>TRUNCATE</command> (Tom)
612 This buys back some of the performance loss observed in 7.4, while still
613 keeping <command>TRUNCATE</command> transaction-safe.
622 <title>Server Changes</title>
627 Add WAL file archiving and point-in-time recovery (Simon Riggs)
633 Add tablespaces so admins can control disk layout (Gavin)
639 Add a built-in log rotation program (Andreas Pflug)
642 It is now possible to log server messages conveniently without
643 relying on either syslog or an external log rotation program.
649 Add new read-only server configuration parameters to query server
650 compile-time settings: <varname>block_size</>,
651 <varname>integer_datetimes</>, <varname>max_function_args</>,
652 <varname>max_identifier_length</>, <varname>max_index_keys</> (Joe)
658 Make quoting of "sameuser", "samegroup", and "all" remove
659 special meaning of these terms in pg_hba.conf (Andrew)
665 Use clearer IPv6 name <literal>::1/128</> for localhost in default
672 Use CIDR format in pg_hba.conf examples (Andrew)
678 Rename server configuration parameters <varname>SortMem</> and
679 <varname>VacuumMem</> to <varname>work_mem</> and
680 <varname>maintenance_work_mem</> (Old names still supported) (Tom)
683 This change was made to clarify that bulk operations such as index and
684 foreign key creation use <varname>maintenance_work_mem</>, while
685 <varname>work_mem</> is for workspaces used during query execution.
691 Allow logging of session disconnections using server configuration
692 <varname>log_disconnections</> (Andrew)
698 Add new server configuration parameter <varname>log_line_prefix</> to
699 allow control of information emitted in each log line (Andrew)
702 Available information includes user name, database name, remote IP
703 address, and session start time.
709 Remove server configuration parameters <varname>log_pid</>,
710 <varname>log_timestamp</>, <varname>log_source_port</>; functionality
711 superseded by <varname>log_line_prefix</> (Andrew)
717 Replace the <varname>virtual_host</> and <varname>tcpip_socket</>
718 parameters with a unified <varname>listen_addresses</> parameter
725 Listen on localhost by default, which eliminates the need for the
726 <literal>-i</> postmaster switch in many scenarios (Andrew)
729 Listening on localhost (127.0.0.1) opens no new security holes but
730 allows configurations like Win32 and JDBC, which do not support
731 local sockets, to work without special adjustments.
737 Remove <varname>syslog</> server configuration parameter, and add more
738 logical <varname>log_destination</> variable to control log output
745 Change server configuration parameter <varname>log_statement</> to take
746 values <varname>all</>, <varname>mod</>, <varname>ddl</>, or
747 <varname>none</> to select which queries are logged (Bruce)
750 This allows administrators to log only data definition changes or
751 only data modification statements.
757 Allow configuration files to be placed outside the data directory (mlw)
760 By default, configuration files sit in the top server directory.
761 With this addition, configuration files can be placed outside the
762 data directory, easing administration.
768 Plan prepared queries only when first executed so constants can be
769 used for statistics (Oliver Jowett)
772 Prepared statements plan queries once and execute them many
773 times. While prepared queries avoid the overhead of re-planning
774 on each use, the quality of the plan suffers from not knowing the exact
775 parameters to be used in the query. In this release, planning of
776 unnamed prepared statements is delayed until the first execution,
777 and the actual parameter values of that execution are used as
784 Allow <command>DECLARE CURSOR</command> to take parameters
788 It is now useful to issue <command>DECLARE CURSOR</command> in a
789 Parse message with parameters. The parameter values sent at
790 Bind time will be substituted into the execution of the cursor's
797 Fix hash joins and aggregates of <type>inet</type> and
798 <type>cidr</type> data types (Tom)
801 Release 7.4 handled hashing of mixed <type>inet</type> and
802 <type>cidr</type> values incorrectly. (This bug did not exist
803 in prior releases because they wouldn't try to hash either
810 Make <varname>log_duration</> print only when <varname>log_statement</>
811 prints the query (Ed L.)
820 <title>Query Changes</title>
825 Add savepoints (nested transactions) (Alvaro)
831 Unsupported isolation levels are now accepted and promoted to the
832 nearest supported level (Peter)
835 The SQL specification states that if a database doesn't support a
836 specific isolation level, it should use the next more restrictive level.
837 This change complies with that recommendation.
843 Allow <command>BEGIN WORK</command> to specify transaction
844 isolation levels like <command>START TRANSACTION</command> does
851 Fix table permission checking for cases in which rules generate
852 a query type different from the originally submitted query (Tom)
858 Implement dollar quoting to simplify single-quote usage (Andrew, Tom,
862 In previous releases, because single quotes had to be used to
863 quote a function's body, the use of single quotes inside the
864 function text required use of two single quotes or other error-prone
865 notations. With this release we add the ability to use "dollar
866 quoting" to quote a block of text. The ability to use different
867 quoting delimiters at different nesting levels greatly simplifies
868 the task of quoting correctly, especially in complex functions.
869 Dollar quoting can be used anywhere quoted text is needed.
875 Make <literal>CASE val WHEN compval1 THEN ...</> evaluate <literal>val</> only once (Tom)
878 CASE no longer evaluates the test expression multiple
879 times. This has benefits when the expression is complex or is
886 Test HAVING before computing target list of an aggregate query (Tom)
889 Fixes improper failure of cases such as SELECT SUM(win)/SUM(lose)
890 ... GROUP BY ... HAVING SUM(lose) > 0. This should work but formerly
891 could fail with divide-by-zero.
897 Replace <varname>max_expr_depth</> parameter with
898 <varname>max_stack_depth</> parameter, measured in kilobytes of stack
902 This gives us a fairly bulletproof defense against crashing due to
903 runaway recursive functions. Instead of measuring the depth of expression
904 nesting, we now directly measure the size of the execution stack.
910 Allow arbitrary row expressions (Tom)
913 This release allows SQL expressions to contain arbitrary composite
914 types, that is, row values. It also allows functions to more easily
915 take rows as arguments and return row values.
921 Allow LIKE/ILIKE to be used as the operator in row and subselect
922 comparisons (Fabien Coelho)
928 Avoid locale-specific case conversion of basic ASCII letters in
929 identifiers and keywords (Tom)
932 This solves the <quote>Turkish problem</> with mangling of words
933 containing <literal>I</> and <literal>i</>. Folding of characters
934 outside the 7-bit-ASCII set is still locale-aware.
940 Improve syntax error reporting (Fabien, Tom)
943 Syntax error reports are more useful than before.
949 Change <command>EXECUTE</command> to return a completion tag
950 matching the executed statement (Kris Jurka)
953 Previous releases return an <command>EXECUTE</command> tag for
954 any <command>EXECUTE</command> call. In this release, the tag
955 returned will reflect the command executed.
961 Avoid emitting NATURAL CROSS JOIN in rule listings (Tom)
964 Such a clause makes no logical sense, but in some cases the rule
965 decompiler formerly produced this syntax.
974 <title>Object Manipulation Changes</title>
979 Add COMMENT ON casts, conversions, languages, operator classes, and
980 large objects (Christopher)
986 Add new server configuration parameter <varname>default_with_oids</> to
987 control whether tables are created with OIDs by default (Neil)
990 This allows administrators to default all <command>CREATE
991 TABLE</command> commands to create tables without OID columns.
997 Add WITH / WITHOUT OIDS clause to <command>CREATE TABLE
1004 Allow ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN to drop an OID column
1005 (ALTER TABLE SET WITHOUT OIDS still works) (Tom)
1011 Allow composite types as table columns (Tom)
1017 Allow ALTER ... ADD COLUMN with defaults and NOT NULL constraints;
1018 works per SQL spec (Rod)
1021 It is now possible for ADD COLUMN to create a column that is not
1022 initially filled with NULLs, but with a specified default value.
1028 Add ALTER COLUMN TYPE to change column's type (Rod)
1031 It is now possible to alter a column's datatype without dropping
1032 and re-adding the column.
1038 Allow multiple ALTER actions in a single <command>ALTER
1039 TABLE</command> command (Rod)
1042 This is particularly useful for ALTER commands that rewrite the
1043 table (which include ALTER COLUMN TYPE and ADD COLUMN with a default).
1044 By grouping ALTER commands together, the table need be
1045 rewritten only once.
1051 Allow <command>ALTER TABLE</command> to add <type>serial</type>
1055 This is related to the new capability of adding defaults for new
1062 Allow changing the owners of aggregates, conversions, databases,
1063 functions, operators, operator classes, schemas, types, and tablespaces
1064 (Christopher, Euler Taveira de Oliveira)
1067 Previously this required modifying the system tables directly.
1073 Allow temporary object creation to be limited to SECURITY DEFINER
1074 functions (Sean Chittenden)
1080 Add ALTER TABLE ... SET WITHOUT CLUSTER (Christopher)
1083 Prior to this release, there was no way to clear an auto-cluster
1084 specification except to modify the system tables.
1090 Constraint/Index/SERIAL names are now table_column_type with numbers
1091 appended to guarantee uniqueness within the schema (Tom)
1094 The SQL specification states that such names should be unique
1101 Add pg_get_serial_sequence() to return a serial column's
1102 sequence name (Christopher)
1105 This allows automated scripts to reliabily find the serial
1112 Warn when primary/foreign key datatype mismatch requires costly lookup
1118 New ALTER INDEX command to allow moving of indexes between tablespaces
1125 Have ALTER TABLE OWNER change dependent sequence ownership too (Alvaro)
1136 <title>Utility Command Changes</title>
1141 Allow <command>CREATE SCHEMA</command> to create triggers,
1142 indexes, and sequences (Neil)
1148 Add ALSO keyword to <command>CREATE RULE</command> (Fabien
1152 This allows ALSO to be added to rule creation to contrast it with
1159 Add NOWAIT option to <command>LOCK</command> (Tatsuo)
1162 This allows the <command>LOCK</command> command to fail if it
1163 would have to wait for the requested lock.
1169 Allow <command>COPY</command> to read and write
1170 comma-separated-value (CSV) files (Andrew, Bruce)
1176 Generate error if the <command>COPY</command> delimiter and NULL
1177 string conflict (Bruce)
1183 <command>GRANT</command>/<command>REVOKE</command> behavior
1184 follows the SQL spec more closely
1190 Avoid locking conflict between <command>CREATE INDEX</command>
1191 and <command>CHECKPOINT</command> (Tom)
1194 In 7.3 and 7.4, a long-running btree index build could block concurrent
1195 CHECKPOINTs from completing, thereby causing WAL bloat because the
1196 WAL log could not be recycled.
1202 Database-wide <command>ANALYZE</command> does not hold locks
1206 This reduces the potential for deadlocks against other backends
1207 that want exclusive locks on tables. To get the benefit of this
1208 change, do not execute database-wide <command>ANALYZE</command>
1209 inside a transaction block (<command>BEGIN</command> block); it
1210 must be able to commit and start a new transaction for each
1217 <command>REINDEX</command> does not exclusively lock the index's
1218 parent table anymore
1221 The index itself is still exclusively locked, but readers of the
1222 table can continue if they are not using the particular index
1229 Erase MD5 user passwords when a user is renamed (Bruce)
1232 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> uses the user name as salt
1233 when encrypting passwords via MD5. When a user name is changed,
1234 their salt no longer matches the stored MD5 password, so the
1235 stored password becomes useless. In this release a notice is
1236 generated and the password is cleared. A new password must then
1243 New pg_ctl <literal>kill</> option for Win32 (Andrew)
1246 Win32 does not have a <literal>kill</> command to send signals to
1247 backends so this capability was added to pg_ctl.
1253 Information schema improvements
1259 Add --pwfile option to <application>initdb</application> so the
1260 initial password can be set by GUI tools (Magnus)
1266 Detect locale/encoding mismatch in
1267 <application>initdb</application> (Peter)
1273 Add Win32 service "register" command to pg_ctl (Dave Page)
1282 <title>Data Type and Function Changes</title>
1287 More complete support for composite types (row types) (Tom)
1290 Composite values can be used in many places where only scalar values
1297 Reject non-rectangular array values as erroneous (Joe)
1300 Formerly, <literal>array_in</literal> would silently build a
1307 Overflow in integer arithmetic operations is now detected (Tom)
1313 The arithmetic operators associated with the <quote>char</> data type
1317 Formerly, the parser would select these operators in many situations
1318 where an <quote>unable to select an operator</> error would be more
1319 appropriate, such as <literal>null * null</>. If you actually want
1320 to do arithmetic on a <quote>char</> column, you can cast it to integer.
1326 Syntax checking of array input values considerably tightened up (Joe)
1329 Junk that was previously allowed in odd places with odd results now
1330 causes an ERROR: for example, non-whitespace after the closing
1337 Empty-string array element values must now be written as
1338 <literal>""</>, rather than writing nothing (Joe)
1341 Formerly, both ways of writing an empty-string element value were
1342 allowed, but now a quoted empty string is required. The case where
1343 nothing at all appears will probably be taken over to mean a NULL
1344 element value in some future release.
1350 Array element trailing whitespace is now ignored (Joe)
1353 Formerly leading whitespace was ignored, but trailing whitespace
1354 between an element value and the delimiter or right brace was
1355 significant. Now trailing whitespace is also ignored.
1361 Emit array values with explicit array bounds when lower bound is not one
1368 Accept YYYY-monthname-DD as a date string (Tom)
1374 Make netmask() and hostmask() functions return maximum-length
1381 Change factorial function to return <type>numeric</type> (Gavin)
1384 Returning <type>numeric</type> allows the factorial function to
1385 work for a wider range of input values.
1391 to_char/to_date date conversion improvements (Kurt Roeckx, Fabien Coelho)
1397 Make length() disregard trailing spaces in CHAR(n) (Gavin)
1400 This change was made to improve consistency: trailing spaces are
1401 semantically insignificant in CHAR(n) data, so they should not be
1402 counted by length().
1408 Warn of empty string being passed to oid/float4/float8 data types (Neil)
1411 8.1 will throw an error instead.
1417 Allow int2/int4/int8/float4/float8 input routines to have leading
1418 or trailing whitespace (Neil)
1424 Better support for IEEE Infinity and NaN values in
1425 <type>float4</type>, <type>float8</type> (Neil)
1428 These should now work on all platforms that support IEEE-compliant
1429 floating point arithmetic.
1435 Add "week" to date_trunc options (Robert Creager)
1441 Fix to_char for 1 BC (previously it returned 1 AD) (Bruce)
1447 Fix to_char(year) for BC dates (previously it returned one less than
1448 the correct year) (Bruce)
1454 Fix date_part() to return the proper millennium and century (Fabien
1458 In previous versions, the century and millennium results had a wrong
1459 number and started in the wrong year, as compared to standard
1460 reckoning of such things.
1466 Add ceiling() as an alias for ceil(), and power() as an alias for pow()
1467 for standards compliance (Neil)
1473 Change ln(), log(), power(), and sqrt() to emit the correct SQLSTATE
1474 error codes for certain error conditions, as specified by SQL2003
1481 Add width_bucket() function as defined by SQL2003 (Neil)
1487 Add generate_series() functions to simplify working with numeric sets (Joe)
1493 Fix upper/lower/initcap functions to work with multibyte encodings (Tom)
1499 Add boolean and bitwise integer AND/OR aggregates (Fabien Coelho)
1505 New session information functions to return network addresses for client
1506 and server (Sean Chittenden)
1512 Add function to determine the area of a closed path (Sean Chittenden)
1518 Add function to send cancel request to other backends (Magnus)
1524 Add interval plus datetime operators (Tom)
1527 The reverse ordering, datetime plus interval, was already supported,
1528 but both are required by the SQL standard.
1534 Casting an integer to BIT(N) selects the rightmost N bits of the integer
1538 In prior releases, the leftmost N bits were selected, but this was
1539 deemed unhelpful, not to mention inconsistent with casting from bit
1546 Detect overflow of integer arithmetic (Tom)
1552 Remove arithmetic operators for one-byte character type/"char" (Tom)
1555 The data type can be cast to 'int' to perform such operations.
1561 Require CIDR values to have all non-masked bits be zero (Kevin Brintnall)
1570 <title>Server-Side Language Changes</title>
1575 In <literal>READ COMMITTED</> serialization mode, volatile functions
1576 now see the results of concurrent transactions committed up to the
1577 beginning of each statement within the function, rather than up to the
1578 beginning of the interactive command that called the function.
1584 Functions declared <literal>STABLE</> or <literal>IMMUTABLE</> always
1585 use the snapshot of the calling query, and therefore do not see the
1586 effects of actions taken after the calling query starts, whether in
1587 their own transaction or other transactions. Such a function must be
1588 read-only, too, meaning that it cannot use any SQL commands other than
1595 Non-deferred AFTER triggers are now fired immediately after completion
1596 of the triggering query, rather than upon finishing the current
1597 interactive command. This makes a difference when the triggering query
1598 occurred within a function: the trigger is invoked before the function
1599 proceeds to its next operation. For example, if a function inserts
1600 a new row into a table, any non-deferred foreign key checks occur
1601 before proceeding with the function.
1607 Allow function parameters to be declared with names (Dennis Bjorklund)
1610 This allows better documentation of functions. Whether the names
1611 actually do anything depends on the specific function language
1618 Allow PL/pgSQL parameter names to be referenced in the function (Dennis Bjorklund)
1621 This basically creates an automatic alias for each named parameter.
1627 Do minimal syntax checking of PL/pgSQL functions at creation time (Tom)
1630 This allows us to catch simple syntax errors sooner.
1636 More support for composite types (row and record variables) in PL/pgSQL
1639 For example, it now works to pass a rowtype variable to another function
1640 as a single variable.
1646 Default values for PL/pgSQL variables can now reference previously
1653 Improve parsing of PL/pgSQL FOR loops (Tom)
1656 Parsing is now driven by presence of ".." rather than datatype of FOR
1657 variable. This makes no difference for correct functions, but should
1658 result in more understandable error messages when a mistake is made.
1664 Major overhaul of PL/Perl server-side language (Command Prompt, Andrew Dunstan)
1673 <title>psql Changes</title>
1678 Improve psql information display about database objects (Christopher)
1684 Allow psql to display group membership in \du and \dg (Markus Bertheau)
1690 Prevent psql \dn from showing temporary schemas (Bruce)
1696 Allow psql to handle tilde user expansion for file names (Zach Irmen)
1702 Allow psql to display fancy prompts, including color, via readline
1703 (Reece Hart, Chet Ramey)
1709 Make psql \copy match <command>COPY</command> command syntax
1716 Show the location of syntax errors (Fabien Coelho, Tom)
1722 Add <command>CLUSTER</command> information to psql \d display
1729 Change psql \copy stdin/stdout to read from command input/output (Bruce)
1735 Add pstdin/pstdout to read from psql's stdin/stdout (Mark Feit)
1741 Add global psql config file, <filename>psqlrc.sample</filename>
1745 This allows a central file where global psql startup commands can
1752 Have psql \d+ indicate if the table has an OID column (Neil)
1758 On Windows, use binary mode in psql when reading files so control-Z
1759 is not seen as end-of-file
1765 Have \dn+ show permissions and description for schemas (Dennis
1772 Improve tab completion support (Stefan Kaltenbrunn, Greg Sabino Mullane)
1778 Allow boolean settings to be set using upper or lower case (Michael Paesold)
1787 <title>pg_dump Changes</title>
1792 Use dependency information to improve the reliability of pg_dump (Tom)
1798 Have pg_dump output objects in alphabetical order if possible (Tom)
1801 This should make it easier to identify changes between
1808 Allow pg_restore to ignore some SQL errors (Fabien Coelho)
1811 This makes pg_restore's behavior similar to the results of feeding
1812 a pg_dump output script to psql. In most cases, ignoring errors and
1813 plowing ahead is the most useful thing to do. Also added was a
1814 pg_restore option to give the old behavior of exiting on an error.
1820 pg_restore -l display now includes objects' schema names
1826 New begin/end markers in pg_dump text output (Bruce)
1832 Add start/stop times for pg_dump/pg_dumpall in verbose mode (Bruce)
1838 Allow most pg_dump options in pg_dumpall (Christopher)
1844 Have pg_dump use ALTER OWNER rather than SET SESSION
1845 AUTHORIZATION by default (Christopher)
1854 <title>libpq Changes</title>
1859 Make libpq SIGPIPE thread-safe (Bruce)
1865 Add PQmbdsplen() which returns the "display length" of a character (Tatsuo)
1871 Add thread locking to SSL and Kerberos connections (Manfred Spraul)
1877 Allow PQoidValue(), PQcmdTuples(), and PQoidStatus() to work on
1878 <command>EXECUTE</command> commands (Neil)
1884 Add PQserverVersion() to provide more convenient access to
1885 the server version number (Greg Sabino Mullane)
1891 Many ecpg fixes, including SET DESCRIPTOR (Michael)
1897 Add PQprepare()/PQsendPrepared() functions to support preparing
1898 statements without necessarily specifying the datatypes of their parameters
1908 <title>Source Code Changes</title>
1913 Allow the database server to run natively on Win32 (Claudio, Magnus, Andrew)
1919 Shell script commands converted to C versions for Win32 support (Andrew)
1925 Create an extension makefile framework (Fabien Coelho, Peter)
1928 This simplifies the task of building extensions outside the original
1935 Support relocatable installations (Bruce)
1938 Directory paths for installed files (such as the /share directory)
1939 are now computed relative to the actual location of the executables,
1940 so that an installation tree can be moved to another place without
1941 reconfiguring and rebuilding.
1947 Use --with-docdir to choose installation location of documentation; also
1948 allow --infodir (Peter)
1954 Add --without-docdir to prevent installation of documentation (Peter)
1960 Upgrade to DocBook V4.2 SGML (Peter)
1966 New "PostgreSQL" CVS tag (Marc)
1969 This was done to make it easier for organizations to manage
1970 their own copies of the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
1971 CVS repository. File version stamps from the master repository
1972 will not get munged by checking into or out of a copied
1979 Clarify locking code (Manfred Koizar)
1985 Buffer manager cleanup (Neil)
1991 Decouple platform tests from cpu spinlock code (Bruce, Tom)
1997 Add inlined test-and-set code on PA-RISC for gcc (ViSolve, Tom)
2003 Improve i386 spinlock code (Manfred Spraul)
2009 Clean up spinlock assembly code to avoid warnings from newer gcc
2016 Remove JDBC from source tree; now a separate project
2022 Remove the libpgtcl client interface; now a separate project
2029 More accurately estimate memory and file descriptor usage (Tom)
2035 Improvements to the Mac OS X startup scripts (Ray A.)
2041 New fsync test program (Bruce)
2047 Major documentation improvements (Neil, Peter)
2053 Remove contrib/rserv: obsoleted by various separate projects
2059 Remove <application>pg_encoding</application>; not needed
2066 Remove <application>pg_id</application>; not needed anymore
2072 Remove <application>initlocation</application>; not needed
2079 Auto detect thread flags (no more manual testing) (Bruce)
2085 Use Olson's public domain timezone library (Magnus)
2091 With threading enabled, use thread flags on Unixware for
2092 backend executables too (Bruce)
2095 Unixware can not mix threaded and non-threaded object files in the
2096 same executable, so everything must be compiled as threaded.
2102 psql now uses a flex-generated lexical analyzer to process command strings
2108 Reimplement the linked list data structure used throughout the
2112 This improves performance by allowing list append and length
2113 operations to be more efficient.
2119 Allow dynamically loaded modules to create their own server configuration
2120 parameters (Thomas Hallgren)
2126 New Brazilian version of FAQ (Euler Taveira de Oliveira)
2132 Add French FAQ (Guillaume Lelarge)
2138 New pgevent for Win32 logging
2144 Make libpq and ecpg build as proper shared libraries on OS X (Tom)
2153 <title>Contrib Changes</title>
2158 Overhaul of /contrib/dblink (Joe)
2164 /contrib/dbmirror improvements (Steven Singer)
2170 New /contrib/xml2 (John Gray, Torchbox)
2176 Update /contrib/mysql
2182 New version of /contrib/btree_gist (Teodor)
2188 New /contrib/trgm, trigram matching for
2189 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> (Teodor)
2195 Many /contrib/tsearch2 improvements (Teodor)
2201 Add double metaphone to /contrib/fuzzystrmatch (Andrew)
2207 Remove /contrib/rserv
2213 Allow /contrib/pg_autovacuum to run as a Win32 service (Dave Page)
2219 Add functions to /contrib/dbsize (Andreas Pflug)
2225 Remove contrib/pg_logger
2235 <sect1 id="release-7-4-6">
2236 <title>Release 7.4.6</title>
2239 <title>Release date</title>
2240 <simpara>2004-10-22</simpara>
2244 This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.5.
2249 <title>Migration to version 7.4.6</title>
2252 A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.
2257 <title>Changes</title>
2260 <listitem><para>Repair possible failure to update hint bits on disk</para>
2262 Under rare circumstances this oversight could lead to
2263 <quote>could not access transaction status</> failures, which qualifies
2264 it as a potential-data-loss bug.
2266 <listitem><para>Ensure that hashed outer join does not miss tuples</para>
2268 Very large left joins using a hash join plan could fail to output unmatched
2269 left-side rows given just the right data distribution.
2271 <listitem><para>Disallow running pg_ctl as root</para>
2273 This is to guard against any possible security issues.
2275 <listitem><para>Avoid using temp files in /tmp in make_oidjoins_check</para>
2277 This has been reported as a security issue, though it's hardly worthy of
2278 concern since there is no reason for non-developers to use this script anyway.
2280 <listitem><para>Prevent forced backend shutdown from re-emitting prior command
2283 In rare cases, a client might think that its last command had succeeded when
2284 it really had been aborted by forced database shutdown.
2286 <listitem><para>Repair bug in pg_stat_get_backend_idset()</para>
2288 This could lead to misbehavior in some of the system-statistics views.
2290 <listitem><para>Fix small memory leak in postmaster</para></listitem>
2291 <listitem><para>Fix <quote>expected both swapped tables to have TOAST
2292 tables</> bug</para>
2294 This could arise in cases such as CLUSTER after ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN.
2296 <listitem><para>Prevent <literal>pg_ctl restart</> from adding <literal>-D</> multiple times</para></listitem>
2297 <listitem><para>Fix problem with NULL values in GiST indexes</para></listitem>
2298 <listitem><para><literal>::</> is no longer interpreted as a variable in an
2299 ECPG prepare statement</para></listitem>
2305 <sect1 id="release-7-4-5">
2306 <title>Release 7.4.5</title>
2309 <title>Release date</title>
2310 <simpara>2004-08-18</simpara>
2314 This release contains one serious bug fix over 7.4.4.
2319 <title>Migration to version 7.4.5</title>
2322 A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.
2327 <title>Changes</title>
2330 <listitem><para>Repair possible crash during concurrent btree index insertions</para>
2332 This patch fixes a rare case in which concurrent insertions into a btree index
2333 could result in a server panic. No permanent damage would result, but it's
2334 still worth a re-release. The bug does not exist in pre-7.4 releases.
2341 <sect1 id="release-7-4-4">
2342 <title>Release 7.4.4</title>
2345 <title>Release date</title>
2346 <simpara>2004-08-16</simpara>
2350 This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.3.
2355 <title>Migration to version 7.4.4</title>
2358 A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.
2363 <title>Changes</title>
2366 <listitem><para>Prevent possible loss of committed transactions during crash</para>
2368 Due to insufficient interlocking between transaction commit and checkpointing,
2369 it was possible for transactions committed just before the most recent
2370 checkpoint to be lost, in whole or in part, following a database crash and
2371 restart. This is a serious bug that has existed
2372 since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
2374 <listitem><para>Check HAVING restriction before evaluating result list of an
2375 aggregate plan</para></listitem>
2376 <listitem><para>Avoid crash when session's current userID is deleted</para></listitem>
2377 <listitem><para>Fix hashed crosstab for zero-rows case (Joe)</para></listitem>
2378 <listitem><para>Force cache update after renaming a column in a foreign key</para></listitem>
2379 <listitem><para>Pretty-print UNION queries correctly</para></listitem>
2380 <listitem><para>Make psql handle <literal>\r\n</> newlines properly in COPY IN</para></listitem>
2381 <listitem><para>pg_dump handled ACLs with grant options incorrectly</para></listitem>
2382 <listitem><para>Fix thread support for OS X and Solaris</para></listitem>
2383 <listitem><para>Updated JDBC driver (build 215) with various fixes</para></listitem>
2384 <listitem><para>ECPG fixes</para></listitem>
2385 <listitem><para>Translation updates (various contributors)</para></listitem>
2391 <sect1 id="release-7-4-3">
2392 <title>Release 7.4.3</title>
2395 <title>Release date</title>
2396 <simpara>2004-06-14</simpara>
2400 This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.2.
2405 <title>Migration to version 7.4.3</title>
2408 A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X.
2413 <title>Changes</title>
2416 <listitem><para>Fix temporary memory leak when using non-hashed aggregates (Tom)</para></listitem>
2417 <listitem><para>ECPG fixes, including some for Informix compatibility (Michael)</para></listitem>
2418 <listitem><para>Fixes for compiling with thread-safety, particularly Solaris (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2419 <listitem><para>Fix error in COPY IN termination when using the old network protocol (ljb)</para></listitem>
2420 <listitem><para>Several important fixes in pg_autovacuum, including fixes for
2421 large tables, unsigned oids, stability, temp tables, and debug mode
2422 (Matthew T. O'Connor)</para></listitem>
2423 <listitem><para>Fix problem with reading tar-format dumps on NetBSD and BSD/OS (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2424 <listitem><para>Several JDBC fixes</para></listitem>
2425 <listitem><para>Fix ALTER SEQUENCE RESTART where last_value equals the restart value (Tom)</para></listitem>
2426 <listitem><para>Repair failure to recalculate nested sub-selects (Tom)</para></listitem>
2427 <listitem><para>Fix problems with non-constant expressions in LIMIT/OFFSET</para></listitem>
2428 <listitem><para>Support FULL JOIN with no join clause, such as X FULL JOIN Y ON TRUE (Tom)</para></listitem>
2429 <listitem><para>Fix another zero-column table bug (Tom)</para></listitem>
2430 <listitem><para>Improve handling of non-qualified identifiers in GROUP BY clauses in sub-selects (Tom)</para>
2432 Select-list aliases within the sub-select will now take precedence over
2433 names from outer query levels.
2435 <listitem><para>Do not generate <quote>NATURAL CROSS JOIN</> when decompiling rules (Tom)</para></listitem>
2436 <listitem><para>Add checks for invalid field length in binary COPY (Tom)</para>
2438 This fixes a difficult-to-exploit security hole.
2440 <listitem><para>Avoid locking conflict between <command>ANALYZE</command> and <command>LISTEN</command>/<command>NOTIFY</command></para></listitem>
2441 <listitem><para>Numerous translation updates (various contributors)</para></listitem>
2447 <sect1 id="release-7-4-2">
2448 <title>Release 7.4.2</title>
2451 <title>Release date</title>
2452 <simpara>2004-03-08</simpara>
2456 This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.1.
2461 <title>Migration to version 7.4.2</title>
2464 A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X. However,
2465 it may be advisable as the easiest method of incorporating fixes for
2466 two errors that have been found in the initial contents of 7.4.X system
2467 catalogs. A dump/initdb/reload sequence using 7.4.2's initdb will
2468 automatically correct these problems.
2472 The more severe of the two errors is that data type <type>anyarray</>
2473 has the wrong alignment label; this is a problem because the
2474 <structname>pg_statistic</> system catalog uses <type>anyarray</>
2475 columns. The mislabeling can cause planner misestimations and even
2476 crashes when planning queries that involve <literal>WHERE</> clauses on
2477 double-aligned columns (such as <type>float8</> and <type>timestamp</>).
2478 It is strongly recommended that all installations repair this error,
2479 either by initdb or by following the manual repair procedure given
2484 The lesser error is that the system view <structname>pg_settings</>
2485 ought to be marked as having public update access, to allow
2486 <literal>UPDATE pg_settings</> to be used as a substitute for
2487 <command>SET</>. This can also be fixed either by initdb or manually,
2488 but it is not necessary to fix unless you want to use <literal>UPDATE
2493 If you wish not to do an initdb, the following procedure will work
2494 for fixing <structname>pg_statistic</>. As the database superuser,
2498 -- clear out old data in pg_statistic:
2499 DELETE FROM pg_statistic;
2500 VACUUM pg_statistic;
2501 -- this should update 1 row:
2502 UPDATE pg_type SET typalign = 'd' WHERE oid = 2277;
2503 -- this should update 6 rows:
2504 UPDATE pg_attribute SET attalign = 'd' WHERE atttypid = 2277;
2506 -- At this point you MUST start a fresh backend to avoid a crash!
2508 -- repopulate pg_statistic:
2512 This can be done in a live database, but beware that all backends
2513 running in the altered database must be restarted before it is safe to
2514 repopulate <structname>pg_statistic</>.
2518 To repair the <structname>pg_settings</> error, simply do:
2520 GRANT SELECT, UPDATE ON pg_settings TO PUBLIC;
2525 The above procedures must be carried out in <emphasis>each</> database
2526 of an installation, including <literal>template1</>, and ideally
2527 including <literal>template0</> as well. If you do not fix the
2528 template databases then any subsequently created databases will contain
2529 the same errors. <literal>template1</> can be fixed in the same way
2530 as any other database, but fixing <literal>template0</> requires
2531 additional steps. First, from any database issue
2533 UPDATE pg_database SET datallowconn = true WHERE datname = 'template0';
2535 Next connect to <literal>template0</> and perform the above repair
2536 procedures. Finally, do
2538 -- re-freeze template0:
2540 -- and protect it against future alterations:
2541 UPDATE pg_database SET datallowconn = false WHERE datname = 'template0';
2547 <title>Changes</title>
2550 Release 7.4.2 incorporates all the fixes included in release 7.3.6,
2551 plus the following fixes:
2555 <listitem><para>Fix <structname>pg_statistics</> alignment bug that could crash optimizer</para>
2556 <para>See above for details about this problem.</para></listitem>
2557 <listitem><para>Allow non-super users to update <structname>pg_settings</></para></listitem>
2558 <listitem><para>Fix several optimizer bugs, most of which led to
2559 <quote>variable not found in subplan target lists</> errors</para></listitem>
2560 <listitem><para>Avoid out-of-memory failure during startup of large multiple
2561 index scan</para></listitem>
2562 <listitem><para>Fix multibyte problem that could lead to <quote>out of
2563 memory</> error during <command>COPY IN</></para></listitem>
2564 <listitem><para>Fix problems with <command>SELECT INTO</> / <command>CREATE
2565 TABLE AS</> from tables without OIDs</para></listitem>
2566 <listitem><para>Fix problems with <filename>alter_table</> regression test
2567 during parallel testing</para></listitem>
2568 <listitem><para>Fix problems with hitting open file limit, especially on OS X (Tom)</para></listitem>
2569 <listitem><para>Partial fix for Turkish-locale issues</para>
2570 <para>initdb will succeed now in Turkish locale, but there are still some
2571 inconveniences associated with the <literal>i/I</> problem.</para></listitem>
2572 <listitem><para>Make pg_dump set client encoding on restore</para></listitem>
2573 <listitem><para>Other minor pg_dump fixes</para></listitem>
2574 <listitem><para>Allow ecpg to again use C keywords as column names (Michael)</para></listitem>
2575 <listitem><para>Added ecpg <literal>WHENEVER NOT_FOUND</> to
2576 <literal>SELECT/INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE</> (Michael)</para></listitem>
2577 <listitem><para>Fix ecpg crash for queries calling set-returning functions (Michael)</para></listitem>
2578 <listitem><para>Various other ecpg fixes (Michael)</para></listitem>
2579 <listitem><para>Fixes for Borland compiler</para></listitem>
2580 <listitem><para>Thread build improvements (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2581 <listitem><para>Various other build fixes</para></listitem>
2582 <listitem><para>Various JDBC fixes</para></listitem>
2588 <sect1 id="release-7-4-1">
2589 <title>Release 7.4.1</title>
2592 <title>Release date</title>
2593 <simpara>2003-12-22</simpara>
2597 This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.
2602 <title>Migration to version 7.4.1</title>
2605 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
2610 If you want to install the fixes in the information schema
2611 you need to reload it into the database.
2612 This is either accomplished by initializing a new cluster
2613 by running <command>initdb</command>, or by running the following
2614 sequence of SQL commands in each database (ideally including
2615 <literal>template1</literal>) as a superuser in
2616 <application>psql</application>, after installing the new release:
2618 DROP SCHEMA information_schema CASCADE;
2619 \i /usr/local/pgsql/share/information_schema.sql
2621 Substitute your installation path in the second command.
2627 <title>Changes</title>
2630 <listitem><para>Fixed bug in <command>CREATE SCHEMA</command> parsing in ECPG (Michael)</para></listitem>
2631 <listitem><para>Fix compile error when <option>--enable-thread-safety</option> and <option>--with-perl</option> are used together (Peter)</para></listitem>
2632 <listitem><para>Fix for subqueries that used hash joins (Tom)</para>
2634 Certain subqueries that used hash joins would crash because of
2635 improperly shared structures.
2637 <listitem><para>Fix free space map compaction bug (Tom)</para>
2639 This fixes a bug where compaction of the free space map could lead
2640 to a database server shutdown.
2643 <listitem><para>Fix for Borland compiler build of libpq (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2644 <listitem><para>Fix <function>netmask()</function> and <function>hostmask()</function> to return the maximum-length masklen (Tom)</para>
2646 Fix these functions to return values consistent with pre-7.4
2650 <listitem><para>Several <filename>contrib/pg_autovacuum</filename> fixes</para>
2652 Fixes include improper variable initialization, missing vacuum after
2653 <command>TRUNCATE</command>, and duration computation overflow for long vacuums.
2656 <listitem><para>Allow compile of <filename>contrib/cube</filename> under Cygwin (Jason Tishler)</para></listitem>
2657 <listitem><para>Fix Solaris use of password file when no passwords are defined (Tom)</para>
2659 Fix crash on Solaris caused by use of any type of password
2660 authentication when no passwords were defined.
2663 <listitem><para>JDBC fix for thread problems, other fixes</para></listitem>
2664 <listitem><para>Fix for <type>bytea</type> index lookups (Joe)</para></listitem>
2665 <listitem><para>Fix information schema for bit data types (Peter)</para></listitem>
2666 <listitem><para>Force zero_damaged_pages to be on during recovery from WAL</para></listitem>
2667 <listitem><para>Prevent some obscure cases of <quote>variable not in subplan target lists</quote></para></listitem>
2668 <listitem><para>Make <function>PQescapeBytea</function> and <function>byteaout</function> consistent with each other (Joe)</para></listitem>
2669 <listitem><para>Escape <type>bytea</type> output for bytes > 0x7e(Joe)</para>
2671 If different client encodings are used for <type>bytea</type> output and input, it
2672 is possible for <type>bytea</type> values to be corrupted by the differing
2673 encodings. This fix escapes all bytes that might be affected.
2676 <listitem><para>Added missing <function>SPI_finish()</function> calls to dblink's <function>get_tuple_of_interest()</function> (Joe)</para></listitem>
2677 <listitem><para>New Czech FAQ</para></listitem>
2678 <listitem><para>Fix information schema view <literal>constraint_column_usage</literal> for foreign keys (Peter)</para></listitem>
2679 <listitem><para>ECPG fixes (Michael)</para></listitem>
2680 <listitem><para>Fix bug with multiple <literal>IN</literal> subqueries and joins in the subqueries (Tom)</para></listitem>
2681 <listitem><para>Alllow <literal>COUNT('x')</literal> to work (Tom)</para></listitem>
2682 <listitem><para>Install ECPG include files for Informix compatibility into separate directory (Peter)</para>
2684 Some names of ECPG include files for Informix compatibility conflicted with operating system include files.
2685 By installing them in their own directory, name conflicts have been reduced.
2688 <listitem><para>Fix SSL memory leak (Neil)</para>
2690 This release fixes a bug in 7.4 where SSL didn't free all memory it allocated.
2693 <listitem><para>Prevent <filename>pg_service.conf</filename> from using service name as default dbname (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2694 <listitem><para>Fix local ident authentication on FreeBSD (Tom)</para></listitem>
2700 <sect1 id="release-7-4">
2701 <title>Release 7.4</title>
2704 <title>Release date</title>
2705 <simpara>2003-11-17</simpara>
2709 <title>Overview</title>
2712 Major changes in this release:
2717 <literal>IN</literal> / <literal>NOT IN</literal> subqueries are
2718 now much more efficient
2723 In previous releases, <literal>IN</literal>/<literal>NOT
2724 IN</literal> subqueries were joined to the upper query by
2725 sequentially scanning the subquery looking for a match. The
2726 7.4 code uses the same sophisticated techniques used by
2727 ordinary joins and so is much faster. An
2728 <literal>IN</literal> will now usually be as fast as or faster
2729 than an equivalent <literal>EXISTS</literal> subquery; this
2730 reverses the conventional wisdom that applied to previous
2738 Improved <literal>GROUP BY</literal> processing by using hash buckets
2743 In previous releases, rows to be grouped had to be sorted
2744 first. The 7.4 code can do <literal>GROUP BY</literal>
2745 without sorting, by accumulating results into a hash table
2746 with one entry per group. It will still use the sort
2747 technique, however, if the hash table is estimated to be too
2748 large to fit in <varname>sort_mem</>.
2755 New multikey hash join capability
2760 In previous releases, hash joins could only occur on single
2761 keys. This release allows multicolumn hash joins.
2768 Queries using the explicit <literal>JOIN</literal> syntax are
2769 now better optimized
2774 Prior releases evaluated queries using the explicit
2775 <literal>JOIN</literal> syntax only in the order implied by
2776 the syntax. 7.4 allows full optimization of these queries,
2777 meaning the optimizer considers all possible join orderings
2778 and chooses the most efficient. Outer joins, however, must
2779 still follow the declared ordering.
2786 Faster and more powerful regular expression code
2791 The entire regular expression module has been replaced with a
2792 new version by Henry Spencer, originally written for Tcl. The
2793 code greatly improves performance and supports several flavors
2794 of regular expressions.
2801 Function-inlining for simple SQL functions
2806 Simple SQL functions can now be inlined by including their SQL
2807 in the main query. This improves performance by eliminating
2808 per-call overhead. That means simple SQL functions now
2816 Full support for IPv6 connections and IPv6 address data types
2821 Previous releases allowed only IPv4 connections, and the IP
2822 data types only supported IPv4 addresses. This release adds
2823 full IPv6 support in both of these areas.
2830 Major improvements in SSL performance and reliability
2835 Several people very familiar with the SSL API have overhauled
2836 our SSL code to improve SSL key negotiation and error
2844 Make free space map efficiently reuse empty index pages,
2845 and other free space management improvements
2850 In previous releases, B-tree index pages that were left empty
2851 because of deleted rows could only be reused by rows with
2852 index values similar to the rows originally indexed on that
2853 page. In 7.4, <command>VACUUM</command> records empty index
2854 pages and allows them to be reused for any future index rows.
2861 SQL-standard information schema
2866 The information schema provides a standardized and stable way
2867 to access information about the schema objects defined in a
2875 Cursors conform more closely to the SQL standard
2880 The commands <command>FETCH</command> and
2881 <command>MOVE</command> have been overhauled to conform more
2882 closely to the SQL standard.
2889 Cursors can exist outside transactions
2894 These cursors are also called holdable cursors.
2901 New client-to-server protocol
2906 The new protocol adds error codes, more status information,
2907 faster startup, better support for binary data transmission,
2908 parameter values separated from SQL commands, prepared
2909 statements available at the protocol level, and cleaner
2910 recovery from <command>COPY</command> failures. The older
2911 protocol is still supported by both server and clients.
2918 <application>libpq</application> and
2919 <application>ECPG</application> applications are now fully
2925 While previous <application>libpq</application> releases
2926 already supported threads, this release improves thread safety
2927 by fixing some non-thread-safe code that was used during
2928 database connection startup. The <command>configure</command>
2929 option <option>--enable-thread-safety</option> must be used to
2930 enable this feature.
2937 New version of full-text indexing
2942 A new full-text indexing suite is available in
2943 <filename>contrib/tsearch2</filename>.
2955 The new autovacuum tool in
2956 <filename>contrib/autovacuum</filename> monitors the database
2957 statistics tables for
2958 <command>INSERT</command>/<command>UPDATE</command>/<command>DELETE</command>
2959 activity and automatically vacuums tables when needed.
2966 Array handling has been improved and moved into the server core
2971 Many array limitations have been removed, and arrays behave
2972 more like fully-supported data types.
2981 <title>Migration to version 7.4</title>
2984 A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application> is
2985 required for those wishing to migrate data from any previous
2990 Observe the following incompatibilities:
2995 The server-side autocommit setting was removed and
2996 reimplemented in client applications and languages.
2997 Server-side autocommit was causing too many problems with
2998 languages and applications that wanted to control their own
2999 autocommit behavior, so autocommit was removed from the server
3000 and added to individual client APIs as appropriate.
3006 Error message wording has changed substantially in this
3007 release. Significant effort was invested to make the messages
3008 more consistent and user-oriented. If your applications try to
3009 detect different error conditions by parsing the error message,
3010 you are strongly encouraged to use the new error code facility instead.
3016 Inner joins using the explicit <literal>JOIN</literal> syntax
3017 may behave differently because they are now better
3024 A number of server configuration parameters have been renamed
3025 for clarity, primarily those related to
3032 <literal>FETCH 0</literal> or <literal>MOVE 0</literal> now
3033 does nothing. In prior releases, <literal>FETCH 0</literal>
3034 would fetch all remaining rows, and <literal>MOVE 0</literal>
3035 would move to the end of the cursor.
3041 <command>FETCH</command> and <command>MOVE</command> now return
3042 the actual number of rows fetched/moved, or zero if at the
3043 beginning/end of the cursor. Prior releases would return the
3044 row count passed to the command, not the number of rows
3045 actually fetched or moved.
3051 <command>COPY</command> now can process files that use
3052 carriage-return or carriage-return/line-feed end-of-line
3053 sequences. Literal carriage-returns and line-feeds are no
3054 longer accepted in data values; use <literal>\r</literal> and
3055 <literal>\n</literal> instead.
3061 Trailing spaces are now trimmed when converting from type
3062 <type>char(<replaceable>n</>)</type> to
3063 <type>varchar(<replaceable>n</>)</type> or <type>text</type>.
3064 This is what most people always expected to happen anyway.
3070 The data type <type>float(<replaceable>p</>)</type> now
3071 measures <replaceable>p</> in binary digits, not decimal
3072 digits. The new behavior follows the SQL standard.
3078 Ambiguous date values now must match the ordering specified by
3079 the <varname>datestyle</varname> setting. In prior releases, a
3080 date specification of <literal>10/20/03</> was interpreted as a
3081 date in October even if <varname>datestyle</> specified that
3082 the day should be first. 7.4 will throw an error if a date
3083 specification is invalid for the current setting of
3084 <varname>datestyle</>.
3090 The functions <function>oidrand</function>,
3091 <function>oidsrand</function>, and
3092 <function>userfntest</function> have been removed. These
3093 functions were determined to be no longer useful.
3099 String literals specifying time-varying date/time values, such
3100 as <literal>'now'</literal> or <literal>'today'</literal> will
3101 no longer work as expected in column default expressions; they
3102 now cause the time of the table creation to be the default, not
3103 the time of the insertion. Functions such as
3104 <function>now()</>, <function>current_timestamp</>, or
3105 <function>current_date</function> should be used instead.
3109 In previous releases, there was special code so that strings
3110 such as <literal>'now'</literal> were interpreted at
3111 <command>INSERT</> time and not at table creation time, but
3112 this work around didn't cover all cases. Release 7.4 now
3113 requires that defaults be defined properly using functions such
3114 as <function>now()</> or <function>current_timestamp</>. These
3115 will work in all situations.
3121 The dollar sign (<literal>$</>) is no longer allowed in
3122 operator names. It can instead be a non-first character in
3123 identifiers. This was done to improve compatibility with other
3124 database systems, and to avoid syntax problems when parameter
3125 placeholders (<literal>$<replaceable>n</></>) are written
3126 adjacent to operators.
3134 <title>Changes</title>
3137 Below you will find a detailed account of the changes between
3138 release 7.4 and the previous major release.
3142 <title>Server Operation Changes</title>
3147 Allow IPv6 server connections (Nigel Kukard, Johan Jordaan,
3148 Bruce, Tom, Kurt Roeckx, Andrew Dunstan)
3154 Fix SSL to handle errors cleanly (Nathan Mueller)
3157 In prior releases, certain SSL API error reports were not
3158 handled correctly. This release fixes those problems.
3164 SSL protocol security and performance improvements (Sean Chittenden)
3167 SSL key renegotiation was happening too frequently, causing poor
3168 SSL performance. Also, initial key handling was improved.
3174 Print lock information when a deadlock is detected (Tom)
3177 This allows easier debugging of deadlock situations.
3183 Update <filename>/tmp</filename> socket modification times
3184 regularly to avoid their removal (Tom)
3187 This should help prevent <filename>/tmp</filename> directory
3188 cleaner administration scripts from removing server socket
3193 <listitem><para>Enable PAM for Mac OS X (Aaron Hillegass)</para></listitem>
3196 <para>Make B-tree indexes fully WAL-safe (Tom)</para>
3198 In prior releases, under certain rare cases, a server crash
3199 could cause B-tree indexes to become corrupt. This release
3200 removes those last few rare cases.
3204 <listitem><para>Allow B-tree index compaction and empty page reuse (Tom)</para></listitem>
3208 Fix inconsistent index lookups during split of first root page (Tom)
3211 In prior releases, when a single-page index split into two
3212 pages, there was a brief period when another database session
3213 could miss seeing an index entry. This release fixes that rare
3218 <listitem><para>Improve free space map allocation logic (Tom)</para></listitem>
3221 <para>Preserve free space information between server restarts (Tom)</para>
3223 In prior releases, the free space map was not saved when the
3224 postmaster was stopped, so newly started servers had no free
3225 space information. This release saves the free space map, and
3226 reloads it when the server is restarted.
3230 <listitem><para>Add start time to <literal>pg_stat_activity</literal> (Neil)</para></listitem>
3231 <listitem><para>New code to detect corrupt disk pages; erase with <varname>zero_damaged_pages</varname> (Tom)</para></listitem>
3232 <listitem><para>New client/server protocol: faster, no username length limit, allow clean exit from <command>COPY</command> (Tom)</para></listitem>
3233 <listitem><para>Add transaction status, table ID, column ID to client/server protocol (Tom)</para></listitem>
3234 <listitem><para>Add binary I/O to client/server protocol (Tom)</para></listitem>
3235 <listitem><para>Remove autocommit server setting; move to client applications (Tom)</para></listitem>
3236 <listitem><para>New error message wording, error codes, and three levels of error detail (Tom, Joe, Peter)</para></listitem>
3241 <title>Performance Improvements</title>
3244 <listitem><para>Add hashing for <literal>GROUP BY</literal> aggregates (Tom)</para></listitem>
3245 <listitem><para>Make nested-loop joins be smarter about multicolumn indexes (Tom)</para></listitem>
3246 <listitem><para>Allow multikey hash joins (Tom)</para></listitem>
3247 <listitem><para>Improve constant folding (Tom)</para></listitem>
3248 <listitem><para>Add ability to inline simple SQL functions (Tom)</para></listitem>
3251 <para>Reduce memory usage for queries using complex functions (Tom)</para>
3253 In prior releases, functions returning allocated memory would
3254 not free it until the query completed. This release allows the
3255 freeing of function-allocated memory when the function call
3256 completes, reducing the total memory used by functions.
3261 <para>Improve GEQO optimizer performance (Tom)</para>
3263 This release fixes several inefficiencies in the way the GEQO optimizer
3264 manages potential query paths.
3270 Allow <literal>IN</>/<literal>NOT IN</> to be handled via hash
3277 Improve <literal>NOT IN (<replaceable>subquery</>)</literal>
3284 Allow most <literal>IN</literal> subqueries to be processed as
3291 Pattern matching operations can use indexes regardless of
3295 There is no way for non-ASCII locales to use the standard
3296 indexes for <literal>LIKE</literal> comparisons. This release
3297 adds a way to create a special index for
3298 <literal>LIKE</literal>.
3303 <para>Allow the postmaster to preload libraries using <varname>preload_libraries</varname> (Joe)</para>
3305 For shared libraries that require a long time to load, this
3306 option is available so the library can be preloaded in the
3307 postmaster and inherited by all database sessions.
3313 Improve optimizer cost computations, particularly for subqueries (Tom)
3319 Avoid sort when subquery <literal>ORDER BY</literal> matches upper query (Tom)
3325 Deduce that <literal>WHERE a.x = b.y AND b.y = 42</literal> also
3326 means <literal>a.x = 42</literal> (Tom)
3332 Allow hash/merge joins on complex joins (Tom)
3338 Allow hash joins for more data types (Tom)
3344 Allow join optimization of explicit inner joins, disable with
3345 <varname>join_collapse_limit</varname> (Tom)
3351 Add parameter <varname>from_collapse_limit</varname> to control
3352 conversion of subqueries to joins (Tom)
3358 Use faster and more powerful regular expression code from Tcl
3359 (Henry Spencer, Tom)
3365 Use bit-mapped relation sets in the optimizer (Tom)
3370 <para>Improve connection startup time (Tom)</para>
3372 The new client/server protocol requires fewer network packets to
3373 start a database session.
3379 Improve trigger/constraint performance (Stephan)
3385 Improve speed of <literal>col IN (const, const, const, ...)</literal> (Tom)
3391 Fix hash indexes which were broken in rare cases (Tom)
3395 <listitem><para>Improve hash index concurrency and speed (Tom)</para>
3397 Prior releases suffered from poor hash index performance,
3398 particularly for high concurrency situations. This release fixes
3399 that, and the development group is interested in reports
3400 comparing B-tree and hash index performance.
3405 <para>Align shared buffers on 32-byte boundary for copy speed improvement (Manfred Spraul)</para>
3407 Certain CPU's perform faster data copies when addresses are
3413 <para>Data type <type>numeric</type> reimplemented for better performance (Tom)</para>
3415 <type>numeric</type> used to be stored in base 100. The new code
3416 uses base 10000, for significantly better performance.
3423 <title>Server Configuration Changes</title>
3427 <para>Rename server parameter <varname>server_min_messages</> to <varname>log_min_messages</> (Bruce)</para>
3429 This was done so most parameters that control the server logs
3430 begin with <literal>log_</>.
3434 <listitem><para>Rename <varname>show_*_stats</> to <varname>log_*_stats</> (Bruce)</para></listitem>
3435 <listitem><para>Rename <varname>show_source_port</> to <varname>log_source_port</> (Bruce)</para></listitem>
3436 <listitem><para>Rename <varname>hostname_lookup</> to <varname>log_hostname</> (Bruce)</para></listitem>
3439 <para>Add <varname>checkpoint_warning</> to warn of excessive checkpointing (Bruce)</para>
3441 In prior releases, it was difficult to determine if checkpoint
3442 was happening too frequently. This feature adds a warning to the
3443 server logs when excessive checkpointing happens.
3447 <listitem><para>New read-only server parameters for localization (Tom)</para></listitem>
3451 Change debug server log messages to output as <literal>DEBUG</>
3452 rather than <literal>LOG</> (Bruce)
3457 <para>Prevent server log variables from being turned off by non-superusers (Bruce)</para>
3459 This is a security feature so non-superusers cannot disable
3460 logging that was enabled by the administrator.
3466 <varname>log_min_messages</>/<varname>client_min_messages</> now
3467 controls <varname>debug_*</> output (Bruce)
3470 This centralizes client debug information so all debug output
3471 can be sent to either the client or server logs.
3476 <para>Add Mac OS X Rendezvous server support (Chris Campbell)</para>
3478 This allows Mac OS X hosts to query the network for available
3479 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> servers.
3485 Add ability to print only slow statements using
3486 <varname>log_min_duration_statement</varname>
3490 This is an often requested debugging feature that allows
3491 administrators to see only slow queries in their server logs.
3496 <para>Allow <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename> to accept netmasks in CIDR format (Andrew Dunstan)</para>
3498 This allows administrators to merge the host IP address and
3499 netmask fields into a single CIDR field in <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename>.
3503 <listitem><para>New read-only parameter <varname>is_superuser</varname> (Tom)</para></listitem>
3506 <para>New parameter <varname>log_error_verbosity</varname> to control error detail (Tom)</para>
3508 This works with the new error reporting feature to supply
3509 additional error information like hints, file names and line
3515 <para><literal>postgres --describe-config</literal> now dumps server config variables (Aizaz Ahmed, Peter)</para>
3517 This option is useful for administration tools that need to know
3518 the configuration variable names and their minimums, maximums,
3519 defaults, and descriptions.
3525 Add new columns in <literal>pg_settings</literal>:
3526 <literal>context</>, <literal>type</>, <literal>source</>,
3527 <literal>min_val</>, <literal>max_val</> (Joe)
3533 Make default <varname>shared_buffers</> 1000 and
3534 <varname>max_connections</> 100, if possible (Tom)
3537 Prior versions defaulted to 64 shared buffers so <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
3538 would start on even very old systems. This release tests the
3539 amount of shared memory allowed by the platform and selects more
3540 reasonable default values if possible. Of course, users are
3541 still encouraged to evaluate their resource load and size
3542 <varname>shared_buffers</varname> accordingly.
3548 New <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename> record type
3549 <literal>hostnossl</> to prevent SSL connections (Jon
3553 In prior releases, there was no way to prevent SSL connections
3554 if both the client and server supported SSL. This option allows
3561 Remove parameter <varname>geqo_random_seed</varname>
3568 Add server parameter <varname>regex_flavor</varname> to control regular expression processing (Tom)
3574 Make <command>pg_ctl</command> better handle nonstandard ports (Greg)
3581 <title>Query Changes</title>
3584 <listitem><para>New SQL-standard information schema (Peter)</para></listitem>
3585 <listitem><para>Add read-only transactions (Peter)</para></listitem>
3586 <listitem><para>Print key name and value in foreign-key violation messages (Dmitry Tkach)</para></listitem>
3589 <para>Allow users to see their own queries in <literal>pg_stat_activity</literal> (Kevin Brown)</para>
3591 In prior releases, only the superuser could see query strings
3592 using <literal>pg_stat_activity</literal>. Now ordinary users
3593 can see their own query strings.
3598 <para>Fix aggregates in subqueries to match SQL standard (Tom)</para>
3600 The SQL standard says that an aggregate function appearing
3601 within a nested subquery belongs to the outer query if its
3602 argument contains only outer-query variables. Prior
3603 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> releases did not handle
3604 this fine point correctly.
3609 <para>Add option to prevent auto-addition of tables referenced in query (Nigel J. Andrews)</para>
3611 By default, tables mentioned in the query are automatically
3612 added to the <literal>FROM</> clause if they are not already
3613 there. This is compatible with historic
3614 <productname>POSTGRES</productname> behavior but is contrary to
3615 the SQL standard. This option allows selecting
3616 standard-compatible behavior.
3621 <para>Allow <literal>UPDATE ... SET col = DEFAULT</literal> (Rod)</para>
3623 This allows <command>UPDATE</command> to set a column to its
3624 declared default value.
3629 <para>Allow expressions to be used in <literal>LIMIT</>/<literal>OFFSET</> (Tom)</para>
3631 In prior releases, <literal>LIMIT</>/<literal>OFFSET</> could
3632 only use constants, not expressions.
3637 <para>Implement <literal>CREATE TABLE AS EXECUTE</literal> (Neil, Peter)</para>
3643 <title>Object Manipulation Changes</title>
3647 <para>Make <command>CREATE SEQUENCE</command> grammar more conforming to SQL 2003 (Neil)</para>
3651 <para>Add statement-level triggers (Neil)</para>
3653 While this allows a trigger to fire at the end of a statement,
3654 it does not allow the trigger to access all rows modified by the
3655 statement. This capability is planned for a future release.
3660 <para>Add check constraints for domains (Rod)</para>
3662 This greatly increases the usefulness of domains by allowing
3663 them to use check constraints.
3668 <para>Add <command>ALTER DOMAIN</command> (Rod)</para>
3670 This allows manipulation of existing domains.
3675 <para>Fix several zero-column table bugs (Tom)</para>
3677 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> supports zero-column tables. This fixes various bugs
3678 that occur when using such tables.
3683 <para>Have <literal>ALTER TABLE ... ADD PRIMARY KEY</literal> add not-null constraint (Rod)</para>
3685 In prior releases, <literal>ALTER TABLE ... ADD
3686 PRIMARY</literal> would add a unique index, but not a not-null
3687 constraint. That is fixed in this release.
3691 <listitem><para>Add <literal>ALTER TABLE ... WITHOUT OIDS</literal> (Rod)</para>
3693 This allows control over whether new and updated rows will have
3694 an OID column. This is most useful for saving storage space.
3700 Add <literal>ALTER SEQUENCE</literal> to modify minimum, maximum,
3701 increment, cache, cycle values (Rod)
3706 <para>Add <literal>ALTER TABLE ... CLUSTER ON</literal> (Alvaro Herrera)</para>
3708 This command is used by <command>pg_dump</command> to record the
3709 cluster column for each table previously clustered. This
3710 information is used by database-wide cluster to cluster all
3711 previously clustered tables.
3715 <listitem><para>Improve automatic type casting for domains (Rod, Tom)</para></listitem>
3716 <listitem><para>Allow dollar signs in identifiers, except as first character (Tom)</para></listitem>
3717 <listitem><para>Disallow dollar signs in operator names, so <literal>x=$1</> works (Tom)</para></listitem>
3721 Allow copying table schema using <literal>LIKE
3722 <replaceable>subtable</replaceable></literal>, also SQL 2003
3723 feature <literal>INCLUDING DEFAULTS</literal> (Rod)
3729 Add <literal>WITH GRANT OPTION</literal> clause to
3730 <command>GRANT</command> (Peter)
3733 This enabled <command>GRANT</command> to give other users the
3734 ability to grant privileges on a object.
3741 <title>Utility Command Changes</title>
3745 <para>Add <literal>ON COMMIT</literal> clause to <command>CREATE TABLE</command> for temporary tables (Gavin)</para>
3747 This adds the ability for a table to be dropped or all rows
3748 deleted on transaction commit.
3753 <para>Allow cursors outside transactions using <literal>WITH HOLD</literal> (Neil)</para>
3755 In previous releases, cursors were removed at the end of the
3756 transaction that created them. Cursors can now be created with
3757 the <literal>WITH HOLD</literal> option, which allows them to
3758 continue to be accessed after the creating transaction has
3764 <para><literal>FETCH 0</literal> and <literal>MOVE 0 </literal> now do nothing (Bruce)</para>
3766 In previous releases, <literal>FETCH 0</literal> fetched all
3767 remaining rows, and <literal>MOVE 0</literal> moved to the end
3774 Cause <command>FETCH</command> and <command>MOVE</command> to
3775 return the number of rows fetched/moved, or zero if at the
3776 beginning/end of cursor, per SQL standard (Bruce)
3779 In prior releases, the row count returned by
3780 <command>FETCH</command> and <command>MOVE</command> did not
3781 accurately reflect the number of rows processed.
3786 <para>Properly handle <literal>SCROLL</literal> with cursors, or
3787 report an error (Neil)</para>
3789 Allowing random access (both forward and backward scrolling) to
3790 some kinds of queries cannot be done without some additional
3791 work. If <literal>SCROLL</literal> is specified when the cursor
3792 is created, this additional work will be performed. Furthermore,
3793 if the cursor has been created with <literal>NO SCROLL</literal>,
3794 no random access is allowed.
3800 Implement SQL-compatible options <literal>FIRST</>,
3801 <literal>LAST</>, <literal>ABSOLUTE <replaceable>n</></>,
3802 <literal>RELATIVE <replaceable>n</></> for
3803 <command>FETCH</command> and <command>MOVE</command> (Tom)
3808 <para>Allow <command>EXPLAIN</command> on <command>DECLARE CURSOR</command> (Tom)</para>
3812 <para>Allow <command>CLUSTER</command> to use index marked as pre-clustered by default (Alvaro Herrera)</para>
3816 <para>Allow <command>CLUSTER</command> to cluster all tables (Alvaro Herrera)</para>
3818 This allows all previously clustered tables in a database to be
3819 reclustered with a single command.
3823 <listitem><para>Prevent <command>CLUSTER</command> on partial indexes (Tom)</para></listitem>
3825 <listitem><para>Allow DOS and Mac line-endings in <command>COPY</> files (Bruce)</para></listitem>
3829 Disallow literal carriage return as a data value,
3830 backslash-carriage-return and <literal>\r</> are still allowed
3836 <para><command>COPY</> changes (binary, <literal>\.</>) (Tom)</para>
3840 <para>Recover from <command>COPY</command> failure cleanly (Tom)</para>
3844 <para>Prevent possible memory leaks in <command>COPY</command> (Tom)</para>
3848 <para>Make <command>TRUNCATE</command> transaction-safe (Rod)</para>
3850 <command>TRUNCATE</command> can now be used inside a
3851 transaction. If the transaction aborts, the changes made by the
3852 <command>TRUNCATE</command> are automatically rolled back.
3858 Allow prepare/bind of utility commands like
3859 <command>FETCH</command> and <command>EXPLAIN</command> (Tom)
3864 <para>Add <command>EXPLAIN EXECUTE</command> (Neil)</para>
3868 <para>Improve <command>VACUUM</command> performance on indexes by reducing WAL traffic (Tom)</para>
3872 <para>Functional indexes have been generalized into indexes on expressions (Tom)</para>
3874 In prior releases, functional indexes only supported a simple
3875 function applied to one or more column names. This release
3876 allows any type of scalar expression.
3882 Have <command>SHOW TRANSACTION ISOLATION</command> match input
3883 to <command>SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION</command>
3890 Have <command>COMMENT ON DATABASE</command> on nonlocal
3891 database generate a warning, rather than an error (Rod)
3895 Database comments are stored in database-local tables so
3896 comments on a database have to be stored in each database.
3902 Improve reliability of <command>LISTEN</>/<command>NOTIFY</> (Tom)
3907 <para>Allow <command>REINDEX</command> to reliably reindex nonshared system catalog indexes (Tom)</para>
3909 This allows system tables to be reindexed without the
3910 requirement of a standalone session, which was necessary in
3911 previous releases. The only tables that now require a standalone
3912 session for reindexing are the global system tables
3913 <literal>pg_database</>, <literal>pg_shadow</>, and
3914 <literal>pg_group</>.
3921 <title>Data Type and Function Changes</title>
3926 New server parameter <varname>extra_float_digits</varname> to
3927 control precision display of floating-point numbers (Pedro
3931 This controls output precision which was causing regression
3936 <listitem><para>Allow <literal>+1300</literal> as a numeric time-zone specifier, for FJST (Tom)</para></listitem>
3940 Remove rarely used functions <function>oidrand</>,
3941 <function>oidsrand</>, and <function>userfntest</> functions
3947 <para>Add <function>md5()</> function to main server, already in <filename>contrib/pgcrypto</filename> (Joe)</para>
3949 An MD5 function was frequently requested. For more complex
3950 encryption capabilities, use
3951 <filename>contrib/pgcrypto</filename>.
3955 <listitem><para>Increase date range of <type>timestamp</type> (John Cochran)</para></listitem>
3959 Change <literal>EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM timestamp)</literal> so
3960 <type>timestamp without time zone</type> is assumed to be in
3961 local time, not GMT (Tom)
3965 <listitem><para>Trap division by zero in case the operating system doesn't prevent it (Tom)</para></listitem>
3966 <listitem><para>Change the <type>numeric</type> data type internally to base 10000 (Tom)</para></listitem>
3967 <listitem><para>New <function>hostmask()</function> function (Greg Wickham)</para></listitem>
3968 <listitem><para>Fixes for <function>to_char()</function> and <function>to_timestamp()</function> (Karel)</para></listitem>
3972 Allow functions that can take any argument data type and return
3973 any data type, using <type>anyelement</type> and
3974 <type>anyarray</type> (Joe)
3977 This allows the creation of functions that can work with any
3984 Arrays may now be specified as <literal>ARRAY[1,2,3]</literal>,
3985 <literal>ARRAY[['a','b'],['c','d']]</literal>, or
3986 <literal>ARRAY[ARRAY[ARRAY[2]]]</literal> (Joe)
3992 Allow proper comparisons for arrays, including <literal>ORDER
3993 BY</literal> and <literal>DISTINCT</literal> support
3998 <listitem><para>Allow indexes on array columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
3999 <listitem><para>Allow array concatenation with <literal>||</literal> (Joe)</para></listitem>
4003 Allow <literal>WHERE</literal> qualification
4004 <literal><replaceable>expr</> <replaceable>op</> ANY/SOME/ALL
4005 (<replaceable>array_expr</>)</literal> (Joe)
4008 This allows arrays to behave like a list of values, for purposes
4009 like <literal>SELECT * FROM tab WHERE col IN
4010 (array_val)</literal>.
4016 New array functions <function>array_append</>,
4017 <function>array_cat</>, <function>array_lower</>,
4018 <function>array_prepend</>, <function>array_to_string</>,
4019 <function>array_upper</>, <function>string_to_array</> (Joe)
4023 <listitem><para>Allow user defined aggregates to use polymorphic functions (Joe)</para></listitem>
4024 <listitem><para>Allow assignments to empty arrays (Joe)</para></listitem>
4028 Allow 60 in seconds fields of <type>time</type>,
4029 <type>timestamp</type>, and <type>interval</type> input values
4033 Sixty-second values are needed for leap seconds.
4037 <listitem><para>Allow <type>cidr</type> data type to be cast to <type>text</type> (Tom)</para></listitem>
4039 <listitem><para>Disallow invalid time zone names in SET TIMEZONE</para></listitem>
4043 Trim trailing spaces when <type>char</type> is cast to
4044 <type>varchar</> or <type>text</> (Tom)
4050 Make <type>float(<replaceable>p</>)</> measure the precision
4051 <replaceable>p</> in binary digits, not decimal digits
4057 <para>Add IPv6 support to the <type>inet</type> and <type>cidr</type> data types (Michael Graff)</para>
4061 <para>Add <function>family()</function> function to report whether address is IPv4 or IPv6 (Michael Graff)</para>
4066 Have <literal>SHOW datestyle</literal> generate output similar
4067 to that used by <literal>SET datestyle</literal> (Tom)
4073 Make <literal>EXTRACT(TIMEZONE)</literal> and <literal>SET/SHOW
4074 TIME ZONE</literal> follow the SQL convention for the sign of
4075 time zone offsets, i.e., positive is east from UTC (Tom)
4080 <para>Fix <literal>date_trunc('quarter', ...)</literal> (Böjthe Zoltán)</para>
4082 Prior releases returned an incorrect value for this function call.
4087 <para>Make <function>initcap()</function> more compatible with Oracle (Mike Nolan)</para>
4089 <function>initcap()</function> now uppercases a letter appearing
4090 after any non-alphanumeric character, rather than only after
4096 <para>Allow only <varname>datestyle</varname> field order for date values not in ISO-8601 format (Greg)</para>
4101 Add new <varname>datestyle</varname> values <literal>MDY</>,
4102 <literal>DMY</>, and <literal>YMD</> to set input field order;
4103 honor <literal>US</> and <literal>European</> for backward
4110 String literals like <literal>'now'</literal> or
4111 <literal>'today'</literal> will no longer work as a column
4112 default. Use functions such as <function>now()</function>,
4113 <function>current_timestamp</function> instead. (change
4114 required for prepared statements) (Tom)
4119 <para>Treat NaN as larger than any other value in <function>min()</>/<function>max()</> (Tom)</para>
4121 NaN was already sorted after ordinary numeric values for most
4122 purposes, but <function>min()</> and <function>max()</> didn't
4128 <para>Prevent interval from suppressing <literal>:00</literal>
4129 seconds display</para>
4134 New functions <function>pg_get_triggerdef(prettyprint)</function>
4135 and <function>pg_conversion_is_visible()</function> (Christopher)
4140 <para>Allow time to be specified as <literal>040506</> or <literal>0405</> (Tom)</para>
4145 Input date order must now be <literal>YYYY-MM-DD</literal> (with 4-digit year) or
4146 match <varname>datestyle</varname>
4152 Make <function>pg_get_constraintdef</function> support
4153 unique, primary-key, and check constraints (Christopher)
4160 <title>Server-Side Language Changes</title>
4165 Prevent PL/pgSQL crash when <literal>RETURN NEXT</literal> is
4166 used on a zero-row record variable (Tom)
4172 Make PL/Python's <function>spi_execute</function> interface
4173 handle null values properly (Andrew Bosma)
4178 <para>Allow PL/pgSQL to declare variables of composite types without <literal>%ROWTYPE</literal> (Tom)</para>
4182 <para>Fix PL/Python's <function>_quote()</function> function to handle big integers</para>
4186 <para>Make PL/Python an untrusted language, now called <literal>plpythonu</literal> (Kevin Jacobs, Tom)</para>
4188 The Python language no longer supports a restricted execution
4189 environment, so the trusted version of PL/Python was removed. If
4190 this situation changes, a version of PL/Python that can be used
4191 by non-superusers will be readded.
4196 <para>Allow polymorphic PL/pgSQL functions (Joe, Tom)</para>
4200 <para>Allow polymorphic SQL functions (Joe)</para>
4205 Improved compiled function caching mechanism in PL/pgSQL with
4206 full support for polymorphism (Joe)
4212 Add new parameter <literal>$0</> in PL/pgSQL representing the
4213 function's actual return type (Joe)
4219 Allow PL/Tcl and PL/Python to use the same trigger on multiple tables (Tom)
4225 Fixed PL/Tcl's <function>spi_prepare</function> to accept fully
4226 qualified type names in the parameter type list
4234 <title>psql Changes</title>
4238 <para>Add <literal>\pset pager always</literal> to always use pager (Greg)</para>
4240 This forces the pager to be used even if the number of rows is
4241 less than the screen height. This is valuable for rows that
4242 wrap across several screen rows.
4246 <listitem><para>Improve tab completion (Rod, Ross Reedstrom, Ian Barwick)</para></listitem>
4247 <listitem><para>Reorder <literal>\?</> help into groupings (Harald Armin Massa, Bruce)</para></listitem>
4248 <listitem><para>Add backslash commands for listing schemas, casts, and conversions (Christopher)</para></listitem>
4252 <command>\encoding</> now changes based on the server parameter
4253 <varname>client_encoding</varname> (Tom)
4256 In previous versions, <command>\encoding</command> was not aware
4257 of encoding changes made using <literal>SET
4258 client_encoding</literal>.
4263 <para>Save editor buffer into readline history (Ross)</para>
4265 When <command>\e</> is used to edit a query, the result is saved
4266 in the readline history for retrieval using the up arrow.
4270 <listitem><para>Improve <command>\d</command> display (Christopher)</para></listitem>
4271 <listitem><para>Enhance HTML mode to be more standards-conforming (Greg)</para></listitem>
4274 <para>New <command>\set AUTOCOMMIT off</command> capability (Tom)</para>
4276 This takes the place of the removed server parameter <varname>autocommit</varname>.
4281 <para>New <command>\set VERBOSITY</command> to control error detail (Tom)</para>
4283 This controls the new error reporting details.
4287 <listitem><para>New prompt escape sequence <literal>%x</literal> to show transaction status (Tom)</para></listitem>
4288 <listitem><para>Long options for <application>psql</application> are now available on all platforms</para></listitem>
4293 <title>pg_dump Changes</title>
4296 <listitem><para>Multiple pg_dump fixes, including tar format and large objects</para></listitem>
4297 <listitem><para>Allow pg_dump to dump specific schemas (Neil)</para></listitem>
4300 <para>Make pg_dump preserve column storage characteristics (Christopher)</para>
4302 This preserves <literal>ALTER TABLE ... SET STORAGE</literal> information.
4306 <listitem><para>Make pg_dump preserve <command>CLUSTER</command> characteristics (Christopher)</para></listitem>
4310 Have pg_dumpall use <command>GRANT</>/<command>REVOKE</> to dump database-level privleges (Tom)
4316 Allow pg_dumpall to support the options <option>-a</>,
4317 <option>-s</>, <option>-x</> of pg_dump (Tom)
4321 <listitem><para>Prevent pg_dump from lowercasing identifiers specified on the command line (Tom)</para></listitem>
4325 pg_dump options <option>--use-set-session-authorization</option>
4326 and <option>--no-reconnect</option> now do nothing, all dumps
4327 use <command>SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</command>
4330 pg_dump no longer reconnects to switch users, but instead always
4331 uses <command>SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</command>. This will
4332 reduce password prompting during restores.
4337 <para>Long options for <application>pg_dump</application> are now available on all platforms</para>
4339 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> now includes its own
4340 long-option processing routines.
4347 <title>libpq Changes</title>
4352 Add function <function>PQfreemem</function> for freeing memory on
4353 Windows, suggested for <command>NOTIFY</command> (Bruce)
4356 Windows requires that memory allocated in a library be freed by
4357 a function in the same library, hence
4358 <function>free()</function> doesn't work for freeing memory
4359 allocated by libpq. <function>PQfreemem</function> is the proper
4360 way to free libpq memory, especially on Windows, and is
4361 recommended for other platforms as well.
4366 <para>Document service capability, and add sample file (Bruce)</para>
4368 This allows clients to look up connection information in a
4369 central file on the client machine.
4375 Make <function>PQsetdbLogin</function> have the same defaults as
4376 <function>PQconnectdb</function> (Tom)
4380 <listitem><para>Allow libpq to cleanly fail when result sets are too large (Tom)</para></listitem>
4384 Improve performance of function <function>PQunescapeBytea</function> (Ben Lamb)
4390 Allow thread-safe libpq with <filename>configure</filename>
4391 option <option>--enable-thread-safety</option> (Lee Kindness,
4398 Allow function <function>pqInternalNotice</function> to accept a
4399 format string and arguments instead of just a preformatted
4400 message (Tom, Sean Chittenden)
4406 Control SSL negotiation with <literal>sslmode</literal> values
4407 <literal>disable</literal>, <literal>allow</literal>,
4408 <literal>prefer</literal>, and <literal>require</literal> (Jon
4414 <para>Allow new error codes and levels of text (Tom)</para>
4418 <para>Allow access to the underlying table and column of a query result (Tom)</para>
4420 This is helpful for query-builder applications that want to know
4421 the underlying table and column names associated with a specific
4426 <listitem><para>Allow access to the current transaction status (Tom)</para></listitem>
4427 <listitem><para>Add ability to pass binary data directly to the server (Tom)</para></listitem>
4431 Add function <function>PQexecPrepared</function> and
4432 <function>PQsendQueryPrepared</function> functions which perform
4433 bind/execute of previously prepared statements (Tom)
4440 <title>JDBC Changes</title>
4443 <listitem><para>Allow <function>setNull</function> on updateable result sets</para></listitem>
4444 <listitem><para>Allow <function>executeBatch</function> on a prepared statement (Barry)</para></listitem>
4445 <listitem><para>Support SSL connections (Barry)</para></listitem>
4446 <listitem><para>Handle schema names in result sets (Paul Sorenson)</para></listitem>
4447 <listitem><para>Add refcursor support (Nic Ferrier)</para></listitem>
4452 <title>Miscellaneous Interface Changes</title>
4456 <para>Prevent possible memory leak or core dump during libpgtcl shutdown (Tom)</para>
4459 <para>Add Informix compatibility to ECPG (Michael)</para>
4461 This allows ECPG to process embedded C programs that were
4462 written using certain Informix extensions.
4467 <para>Add type <type>decimal</type> to ECPG that is fixed length, for Informix (Michael)</para>
4472 Allow thread-safe embedded SQL programs with
4473 <filename>configure</filename> option
4474 <option>--enable-thread-safety</option> (Lee Kindness, Bruce)
4477 This allows multiple threads to access the database at the same
4483 <para>Moved Python client PyGreSQL to <ulink url="http://www.pygresql.org"></ulink> (Marc)</para>
4489 <title>Source Code Changes</title>
4492 <listitem><para>Prevent need for separate platform geometry regression result files (Tom)</para></listitem>
4493 <listitem><para>Improved PPC locking primitive (Reinhard Max)</para></listitem>
4494 <listitem><para>New function <function>palloc0</function> to allocate and clear memory (Bruce)</para></listitem>
4495 <listitem><para>Fix locking code for s390x CPU (64-bit) (Tom)</para></listitem>
4496 <listitem><para>Allow OpenBSD to use local ident credentials (William Ahern)</para></listitem>
4497 <listitem><para>Make query plan trees read-only to executor (Tom)</para></listitem>
4498 <listitem><para>Add Darwin startup scripts (David Wheeler)</para></listitem>
4499 <listitem><para>Allow libpq to compile with Borland C++ compiler (Lester Godwin, Karl Waclawek)</para></listitem>
4500 <listitem><para>Use our own version of <function>getopt_long()</function> if needed (Peter)</para></listitem>
4501 <listitem><para>Convert administration scripts to C (Peter)</para></listitem>
4502 <listitem><para> Bison >= 1.85 is now required to build the <productname>PostgreSQL</> grammar, if building from CVS</para></listitem>
4503 <listitem><para>Merge documentation into one book (Peter)</para></listitem>
4504 <listitem><para>Add Windows compatibility functions (Bruce)</para></listitem>
4505 <listitem><para>Allow client interfaces to compile under MinGW (Bruce)</para></listitem>
4506 <listitem><para>New <function>ereport()</function> function for error reporting (Tom)</para></listitem>
4507 <listitem><para>Support Intel compiler on Linux (Peter)</para></listitem>
4508 <listitem><para>Improve Linux startup scripts (Slawomir Sudnik, Darko Prenosil)</para></listitem>
4509 <listitem><para>Add support for AMD Opteron and Itanium (Jeffrey W. Baker, Bruce)</para></listitem>
4511 <para>Remove <option>--enable-recode</option> option from <command>configure</command></para>
4513 This was no longer needed now that we have <command>CREATE CONVERSION</command>.
4517 <para>Generate a compile error if spinlock code is not found (Bruce)</para>
4519 Platforms without spinlock code will now fail to compile, rather
4520 than silently using semaphores. This failure can be disabled
4521 with a new <command>configure</command> option.
4528 <title>Contrib Changes</title>
4531 <listitem><para>Change dbmirror license to BSD</para></listitem>
4532 <listitem><para>Improve earthdistance (Bruno Wolff III)</para></listitem>
4533 <listitem><para>Portability improvements to pgcrypto (Marko Kreen)</para></listitem>
4534 <listitem><para>Prevent crash in xml (John Gray, Michael Richards)</para></listitem>
4535 <listitem><para>Update oracle</para></listitem>
4536 <listitem><para>Update mysql</para></listitem>
4537 <listitem><para>Update cube (Bruno Wolff III)</para></listitem>
4538 <listitem><para>Update earthdistance to use cube (Bruno Wolff III)</para></listitem>
4539 <listitem><para>Update btree_gist (Oleg)</para></listitem>
4540 <listitem><para>New tsearch2 full-text search module (Oleg, Teodor)</para></listitem>
4541 <listitem><para>Add hash-based crosstab function to tablefuncs (Joe)</para></listitem>
4542 <listitem><para>Add serial column to order <function>connectby()</> siblings in tablefuncs (Nabil Sayegh,Joe)</para></listitem>
4543 <listitem><para>Add named persistent connections to dblink (Shridhar Daithanka)</para></listitem>
4544 <listitem><para>New pg_autovacuum allows automatic <command>VACUUM</command> (Matthew T. O'Connor)</para></listitem>
4545 <listitem><para>Make pgbench honor environment variables <envar>PGHOST</>, <envar>PGPORT</>, <envar>PGUSER</> (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
4546 <listitem><para>Improve intarray (Teodor Sigaev)</para></listitem>
4547 <listitem><para>Improve pgstattuple (Rod)</para></listitem>
4548 <listitem><para>Fix bug in <function>metaphone()</function> in fuzzystrmatch</para></listitem>
4549 <listitem><para>Improve adddepend (Rod)</para></listitem>
4550 <listitem><para>Update spi/timetravel (Böjthe Zoltán)</para></listitem>
4551 <listitem><para>Fix dbase <option>-s</> option and improve non-ASCII handling (Thomas Behr, Márcio Smiderle)</para></listitem>
4552 <listitem><para>Remove array module because features now included by default (Joe)</para></listitem>
4558 <sect1 id="release-7-3-8">
4559 <title>Release 7.3.8</title>
4562 <title>Release date</title>
4563 <simpara>2004-10-22</simpara>
4567 This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.7.
4572 <title>Migration to version 7.3.8</title>
4575 A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.
4580 <title>Changes</title>
4583 <listitem><para>Repair possible failure to update hint bits on disk</para>
4585 Under rare circumstances this oversight could lead to
4586 <quote>could not access transaction status</> failures, which qualifies
4587 it as a potential-data-loss bug.
4589 <listitem><para>Ensure that hashed outer join does not miss tuples</para>
4591 Very large left joins using a hash join plan could fail to output unmatched
4592 left-side rows given just the right data distribution.
4594 <listitem><para>Disallow running pg_ctl as root</para>
4596 This is to guard against any possible security issues.
4598 <listitem><para>Avoid using temp files in /tmp in make_oidjoins_check</para>
4600 This has been reported as a security issue, though it's hardly worthy of
4601 concern since there is no reason for non-developers to use this script anyway.
4608 <sect1 id="release-7-3-7">
4609 <title>Release 7.3.7</title>
4612 <title>Release date</title>
4613 <simpara>2004-08-16</simpara>
4617 This release contains one critical fix over 7.3.6, and some minor items.
4622 <title>Migration to version 7.3.7</title>
4625 A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.3.X.
4630 <title>Changes</title>
4633 <listitem><para>Prevent possible loss of committed transactions during crash</para>
4635 Due to insufficient interlocking between transaction commit and checkpointing,
4636 it was possible for transactions committed just before the most recent
4637 checkpoint to be lost, in whole or in part, following a database crash and
4638 restart. This is a serious bug that has existed
4639 since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
4641 <listitem><para>Remove asymmetrical word processing in tsearch (Teodor)</para></listitem>
4642 <listitem><para>Properly schema-qualify function names when pg_dump'ing a CAST</para></listitem>
4648 <sect1 id="release-7-3-6">
4649 <title>Release 7.3.6</title>
4652 <title>Release date</title>
4653 <simpara>2004-03-02</simpara>
4657 This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.3.5.
4662 <title>Migration to version 7.3.6</title>
4665 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
4672 <title>Changes</title>
4675 <listitem><para>Revert erroneous changes in rule permissions checking</para>
4676 <para>A patch applied in 7.3.3 to fix a corner case in rule permissions checks
4677 turns out to have disabled rule-related permissions checks in many
4678 not-so-corner cases. This would for example allow users to insert into views
4679 they weren't supposed to have permission to insert into. We have therefore
4680 reverted the 7.3.3 patch. The original bug will be fixed in 8.0.
4682 <listitem><para>Repair incorrect order of operations in
4683 GetNewTransactionId()</para>
4685 This bug could result in failure under out-of-disk-space conditions, including
4686 inability to restart even after disk space is freed.
4688 <listitem><para>Ensure configure selects -fno-strict-aliasing even when
4689 an external value for CFLAGS is supplied</para>
4691 On some platforms, building with -fstrict-aliasing causes bugs.
4693 <listitem><para>Make pg_restore handle 64-bit off_t correctly</para>
4695 This bug prevented proper restoration from archive files exceeding 4Gb.
4697 <listitem><para>Make contrib/dblink not assume that local and remote type OIDs
4698 match (Joe)</para></listitem>
4699 <listitem><para>Quote connectby()'s start_with argument properly (Joe)</para></listitem>
4700 <listitem><para>Don't crash when a rowtype argument to a plpgsql function is
4701 NULL</para></listitem>
4702 <listitem><para>Avoid generating invalid character encoding sequences in
4703 corner cases when planning LIKE operations</para></listitem>
4704 <listitem><para>Ensure text_position() cannot scan past end of source string
4705 in multibyte cases (Korea PostgreSQL Users' Group)</para></listitem>
4706 <listitem><para>Fix index optimization and selectivity estimates for LIKE
4707 operations on bytea columns (Joe)</para></listitem>
4713 <sect1 id="release-7-3-5">
4714 <title>Release 7.3.5</title>
4717 <title>Release date</title>
4718 <simpara>2003-12-03</simpara>
4722 This has a variety of fixes from 7.3.4.
4727 <title>Migration to version 7.3.5</title>
4730 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
4736 <title>Changes</title>
4739 <listitem><para>Force zero_damaged_pages to be on during recovery from WAL</para></listitem>
4740 <listitem><para>Prevent some obscure cases of <quote>variable not in subplan target lists</quote></para></listitem>
4741 <listitem><para>Force stats processes to detach from shared memory, ensuring cleaner shutdown</para></listitem>
4742 <listitem><para>Make PQescapeBytea and byteaout consistent with each other (Joe)</para></listitem>
4743 <listitem><para>Added missing SPI_finish() calls to dblink's get_tuple_of_interest() (Joe)</para></listitem>
4744 <listitem><para>Fix for possible foreign key violation when rule rewrites INSERT (Jan)</para></listitem>
4745 <listitem><para>Support qualified type names in PL/Tcl's spi_prepare command (Jan)</para></listitem>
4746 <listitem><para>Make pg_dump handle a procedural language handler located in pg_catalog</para></listitem>
4747 <listitem><para>Make pg_dump handle cases where a custom opclass is in another schema</para></listitem>
4748 <listitem><para>Make pg_dump dump binary-compatible casts correctly (Jan)</para></listitem>
4749 <listitem><para>Fix insertion of expressions containing subqueries into rule bodies</para></listitem>
4750 <listitem><para>Fix incorrect argument processing in clusterdb script (Anand Ranganathan)</para></listitem>
4751 <listitem><para>Fix problems with dropped columns in plpython triggers</para></listitem>
4752 <listitem><para>Repair problems with to_char() reading past end of its input string (Karel)</para></listitem>
4753 <listitem><para>Fix GB18030 mapping errors (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
4754 <listitem><para>Fix several problems with SSL error handling and asynchronous SSL I/O</para></listitem>
4755 <listitem><para>Remove ability to bind a list of values to a single parameter in JDBC
4756 (prevents possible SQL-injection attacks)</para></listitem>
4757 <listitem><para>Fix some errors in HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP code paths</para></listitem>
4758 <listitem><para>Fix corner case for btree search in parallel with first root page split</para></listitem>
4764 <sect1 id="release-7-3-4">
4765 <title>Release 7.3.4</title>
4768 <title>Release date</title>
4769 <simpara>2003-07-24</simpara>
4773 This has a variety of fixes from 7.3.3.
4778 <title>Migration to version 7.3.4</title>
4781 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
4787 <title>Changes</title>
4790 <listitem><para>Repair breakage in timestamp-to-date conversion for dates before 2000</para></listitem>
4791 <listitem><para>Prevent rare possibility of server startup failure (Tom)</para></listitem>
4792 <listitem><para>Fix bugs in interval-to-time conversion (Tom)</para></listitem>
4793 <listitem><para>Add constraint names in a few places in pg_dump (Rod)</para></listitem>
4794 <listitem><para>Improve performance of functions with many parameters (Tom)</para></listitem>
4795 <listitem><para>Fix to_ascii() buffer overruns (Tom)</para></listitem>
4796 <listitem><para>Prevent restore of database comments from throwing an error (Tom)</para></listitem>
4797 <listitem><para>Work around buggy strxfrm() present in some Solaris releases (Tom)</para></listitem>
4798 <listitem><para>Properly escape jdbc setObject() strings to improve security (Barry)</para></listitem>
4804 <sect1 id="release-7-3-3">
4805 <title>Release 7.3.3</title>
4808 <title>Release date</title>
4809 <simpara>2003-05-22</simpara>
4813 This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.3.2.
4817 <title>Migration to version 7.3.3</title>
4820 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
4821 running version 7.3.*.
4826 <title>Changes</title>
4829 <listitem><para>Repair sometimes-incorrect computation of StartUpID after a crash</para></listitem>
4830 <listitem><para>Avoid slowness with lots of deferred triggers in one transaction (Stephan)</para></listitem>
4831 <listitem><para>Don't lock referenced row when <command>UPDATE</command> doesn't change foreign key's value (Jan)</para></listitem>
4832 <listitem><para>Use <command>-fPIC</command> not <command>-fpic</command> on Sparc (Tom Callaway)</para></listitem>
4833 <listitem><para>Repair lack of schema-awareness in contrib/reindexdb</para></listitem>
4834 <listitem><para>Fix contrib/intarray error for zero-element result array (Teodor)</para></listitem>
4835 <listitem><para>Ensure createuser script will exit on control-C (Oliver)</para></listitem>
4836 <listitem><para>Fix errors when the type of a dropped column has itself been dropped</para></listitem>
4837 <listitem><para><command>CHECKPOINT</command> does not cause database panic on failure in noncritical steps</para></listitem>
4838 <listitem><para>Accept 60 in seconds fields of timestamp, time, interval input values</para></listitem>
4839 <listitem><para>Issue notice, not error, if <type>TIMESTAMP</type>,
4840 <type> TIME</type>, or <type>INTERVAL</type> precision too large</para></listitem>
4841 <listitem><para>Fix <function>abstime-to-time</function> cast function (fix is
4842 not applied unless you <application>initdb</application>)</para></listitem>
4843 <listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_proc</application> entry for
4844 <type>timestampt_izone</type> (fix is not applied unless you
4845 <application>initdb</application>)</para></listitem>
4846 <listitem><para>Make <function>EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM timestamp without time zone)</function> treat input as local time</para></listitem>
4847 <listitem><para><command>'now'::timestamptz</command> gave wrong answer if timezone changed earlier in transaction</para></listitem>
4848 <listitem><para><envar>HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP</envar> code for time with timezone overwrote its input</para></listitem>
4849 <listitem><para>Accept <command>GLOBAL TEMP/TEMPORARY</command> as a
4850 synonym for <command>TEMPORARY</command></para></listitem>
4851 <listitem><para>Avoid improper schema-privilege-check failure in foreign-key triggers</para></listitem>
4852 <listitem><para>Fix bugs in foreign-key triggers for <command>SET DEFAULT</command> action</para></listitem>
4853 <listitem><para>Fix incorrect time-qual check in row fetch for
4854 <command>UPDATE</command> and <command>DELETE</command> triggers</para></listitem>
4855 <listitem><para>Foreign-key clauses were parsed but ignored in
4856 <command>ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN</command></para></listitem>
4857 <listitem><para>Fix createlang script breakage for case where handler function already exists</para></listitem>
4858 <listitem><para>Fix misbehavior on zero-column tables in <application>pg_dump</application>, COPY, ANALYZE, other places</para></listitem>
4859 <listitem><para>Fix misbehavior of <function>func_error()</function> on type names containing '%'</para></listitem>
4860 <listitem><para>Fix misbehavior of <function>replace()</function> on strings containing '%'</para></listitem>
4861 <listitem><para>Regular-expression patterns containing certain multibyte characters failed</para></listitem>
4862 <listitem><para>Account correctly for <command>NULL</command>s in more cases in join size estimation</para></listitem>
4863 <listitem><para>Avoid conflict with system definition of <function>isblank()</function> function or macro</para></listitem>
4864 <listitem><para>Fix failure to convert large code point values in EUC_TW conversions (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
4865 <listitem><para>Fix error recovery for <function>SSL_read</function>/<function>SSL_write</function> calls</para></listitem>
4866 <listitem><para>Don't do early constant-folding of type coercion expressions</para></listitem>
4867 <listitem><para>Validate page header fields immediately after reading in any page</para></listitem>
4868 <listitem><para>Repair incorrect check for ungrouped variables in unnamed joins</para></listitem>
4869 <listitem><para>Fix buffer overrun in <function>to_ascii</function> (Guido Notari)</para></listitem>
4870 <listitem><para>contrib/ltree fixes (Teodor)</para></listitem>
4871 <listitem><para>Fix core dump in deadlock detection on machines where char is unsigned</para></listitem>
4872 <listitem><para>Avoid running out of buffers in many-way indexscan (bug introduced in 7.3)</para></listitem>
4873 <listitem><para>Fix planner's selectivity estimation functions to handle domains properly</para></listitem>
4874 <listitem><para>Fix <application>dbmirror</application> memory-allocation bug (Steven Singer)</para></listitem>
4875 <listitem><para>Prevent infinite loop in <function>ln(numeric)</function> due to roundoff error</para></listitem>
4876 <listitem><para><command>GROUP BY</command> got confused if there were multiple equal GROUP BY items</para></listitem>
4877 <listitem><para>Fix bad plan when inherited <command>UPDATE</command>/<command>DELETE</command> references another inherited table</para></listitem>
4878 <listitem><para>Prevent clustering on incomplete (partial or non-NULL-storing) indexes</para></listitem>
4879 <listitem><para>Service shutdown request at proper time if it arrives while still starting up</para></listitem>
4880 <listitem><para>Fix left-links in temporary indexes (could make backwards scans miss entries)</para></listitem>
4881 <listitem><para>Fix incorrect handling of client_encoding setting in postgresql.conf (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
4882 <listitem><para>Fix failure to respond to <command>pg_ctl stop -m fast</command> after Async_NotifyHandler runs</para></listitem>
4883 <listitem><para>Fix SPI for case where rule contains multiple statements of the same type</para></listitem>
4884 <listitem><para>Fix problem with checking for wrong type of access privilege in rule query</para></listitem>
4885 <listitem><para>Fix problem with <command>EXCEPT</command> in <command>CREATE RULE</command></para></listitem>
4886 <listitem><para>Prevent problem with dropping temp tables having serial columns</para></listitem>
4887 <listitem><para>Fix replace_vars_with_subplan_refs failure in complex views</para></listitem>
4888 <listitem><para>Fix regexp slowness in single-byte encodings (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
4889 <listitem><para>Allow qualified type names in <command>CREATE CAST</command>
4890 and <command> DROP CAST</command></para></listitem>
4891 <listitem><para>Accept <function>SETOF type[]</function>, which formerly had to
4892 be written <function>SETOF _type</function></para></listitem>
4893 <listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_dump</application> core dump in some cases with procedural languages</para></listitem>
4894 <listitem><para>Force ISO datestyle in <application>pg_dump</application> output, for portability (Oliver)</para></listitem>
4895 <listitem><para><application>pg_dump</application> failed to handle error return
4896 from <function>lo_read</function> (Oleg Drokin)</para></listitem>
4897 <listitem><para><application>pg_dumpall</application> failed with groups having no members (Nick Eskelinen)</para></listitem>
4898 <listitem><para><application>pg_dumpall</application> failed to recognize --globals-only switch</para></listitem>
4899 <listitem><para>pg_restore failed to restore blobs if -X disable-triggers is specified</para></listitem>
4900 <listitem><para>Repair intrafunction memory leak in plpgsql</para></listitem>
4901 <listitem><para>pltcl's <command>elog</command> command dumped core if given wrong parameters (Ian Harding)</para></listitem>
4902 <listitem><para>plpython used wrong value of <envar>atttypmod</envar> (Brad McLean)</para></listitem>
4903 <listitem><para>Fix improper quoting of boolean values in Python interface (D'Arcy)</para></listitem>
4904 <listitem><para>Added <function>addDataType()</function> method to PGConnection interface for JDBC</para></listitem>
4905 <listitem><para>Fixed various problems with updateable ResultSets for JDBC (Shawn Green)</para></listitem>
4906 <listitem><para>Fixed various problems with DatabaseMetaData for JDBC (Kris Jurka, Peter Royal)</para></listitem>
4907 <listitem><para>Fixed problem with parsing table ACLs in JDBC</para></listitem>
4908 <listitem><para>Better error message for character set conversion problems in JDBC</para></listitem>
4914 <sect1 id="release-7-3-2">
4915 <title>Release 7.3.2</title>
4918 <title>Release date</title>
4919 <simpara>2003-02-04</simpara>
4923 This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.3.1.
4928 <title>Migration to version 7.3.2</title>
4931 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
4932 running version 7.3.*.
4937 <title>Changes</title>
4940 <listitem><para>Restore creation of OID column in CREATE TABLE AS / SELECT INTO</para></listitem>
4941 <listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_dump</> core dump when dumping views having comments</para></listitem>
4942 <listitem><para>Dump DEFERRABLE/INITIALLY DEFERRED constraints properly</para></listitem>
4943 <listitem><para>Fix UPDATE when child table's column numbering differs from parent</para></listitem>
4944 <listitem><para>Increase default value of max_fsm_relations</para></listitem>
4945 <listitem><para>Fix problem when fetching backwards in a cursor for a single-row query</para></listitem>
4946 <listitem><para>Make backward fetch work properly with cursor on SELECT DISTINCT query</para></listitem>
4947 <listitem><para>Fix problems with loading <application>pg_dump</> files containing contrib/lo usage</para></listitem>
4948 <listitem><para>Fix problem with all-numeric user names</para></listitem>
4949 <listitem><para>Fix possible memory leak and core dump during disconnect in libpgtcl</para></listitem>
4950 <listitem><para>Make plpython's spi_execute command handle nulls properly (Andrew Bosma)</para></listitem>
4951 <listitem><para>Adjust plpython error reporting so that its regression test passes again</para></listitem>
4952 <listitem><para>Work with bison 1.875</para></listitem>
4953 <listitem><para>Handle mixed-case names properly in plpgsql's %type (Neil)</para></listitem>
4954 <listitem><para>Fix core dump in pltcl when executing a query rewritten by a rule</para></listitem>
4955 <listitem><para>Repair array subscript overruns (per report from Yichen Xie)</para></listitem>
4956 <listitem><para>Reduce MAX_TIME_PRECISION from 13 to 10 in floating-point case</para></listitem>
4957 <listitem><para>Correctly case-fold variable names in per-database and per-user settings</para></listitem>
4958 <listitem><para>Fix coredump in plpgsql's RETURN NEXT when SELECT into record returns no rows</para></listitem>
4959 <listitem><para>Fix outdated use of pg_type.typprtlen in python client interface</para></listitem>
4960 <listitem><para>Correctly handle fractional seconds in timestamps in JDBC driver</para></listitem>
4961 <listitem><para>Improve performance of getImportedKeys() in JDBC</para></listitem>
4962 <listitem><para>Make shared-library symlinks work standardly on HPUX (Giles)</para></listitem>
4963 <listitem><para>Repair inconsistent rounding behavior for timestamp, time, interval</para></listitem>
4964 <listitem><para>SSL negotiation fixes (Nathan Mueller)</para></listitem>
4965 <listitem><para>Make libpq's ~/.pgpass feature work when connecting with PQconnectDB</para></listitem>
4966 <listitem><para>Update my2pg, ora2pg</para></listitem>
4967 <listitem><para>Translation updates</para></listitem>
4968 <listitem><para>Add casts between types lo and oid in contrib/lo</para></listitem>
4969 <listitem><para>fastpath code now checks for privilege to call function</para></listitem>
4975 <sect1 id="release-7-3-1">
4976 <title>Release 7.3.1</title>
4979 <title>Release date</title>
4980 <simpara>2002-12-18</simpara>
4984 This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.3.
4989 <title>Migration to version 7.3.1</title>
4992 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
4993 running version 7.3. However, it should be noted that the main
4994 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> interface library, libpq,
4995 has a new major version number for this release, which may require
4996 recompilation of client code in certain cases.
5001 <title>Changes</title>
5004 <listitem><para>Fix a core dump of COPY TO when client/server encodings don't match (Tom)</para></listitem>
5005 <listitem><para>Allow <application>pg_dump</> to work with pre-7.2 servers (Philip)</para></listitem>
5006 <listitem><para>contrib/adddepend fixes (Tom)</para></listitem>
5007 <listitem><para>Fix problem with deletion of per-user/per-database config settings (Tom)</para></listitem>
5008 <listitem><para>contrib/vacuumlo fix (Tom)</para></listitem>
5009 <listitem><para>Allow 'password' encryption even when pg_shadow contains MD5 passwords (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5010 <listitem><para>contrib/dbmirror fix (Steven Singer)</para></listitem>
5011 <listitem><para>Optimizer fixes (Tom)</para></listitem>
5012 <listitem><para>contrib/tsearch fixes (Teodor Sigaev, Magnus)</para></listitem>
5013 <listitem><para>Allow locale names to be mixed case (Nicolai Tufar)</para></listitem>
5014 <listitem><para>Increment libpq library's major version number (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5015 <listitem><para>pg_hba.conf error reporting fixes (Bruce, Neil)</para></listitem>
5016 <listitem><para>Add SCO Openserver 5.0.4 as a supported platform (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5017 <listitem><para>Prevent EXPLAIN from crashing server (Tom)</para></listitem>
5018 <listitem><para>SSL fixes (Nathan Mueller)</para></listitem>
5019 <listitem><para>Prevent composite column creation via ALTER TABLE (Tom)</para></listitem>
5025 <sect1 id="release-7-3">
5026 <title>Release 7.3</title>
5029 <title>Release date</title>
5030 <simpara>2002-11-27</simpara>
5034 <title>Overview</title>
5037 Major changes in this release:
5041 <term>Schemas</term>
5044 Schemas allow users to create objects in separate namespaces,
5045 so two people or applications can have tables with the same
5046 name. There is also a public schema for shared tables.
5047 Table/index creation can be restricted by removing privileges
5048 on the public schema.
5054 <term>Drop Column</term>
5057 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> now supports the
5058 <literal>ALTER TABLE ... DROP COLUMN</literal> functionality.
5064 <term>Table Functions</term>
5067 Functions returning multiple rows and/or multiple columns are
5068 now much easier to use than before. You can call such a
5069 <quote>table function</quote> in the <literal>SELECT</literal>
5070 <literal>FROM</literal> clause, treating its output like a
5071 table. Also, <application>PL/pgSQL</application> functions can
5078 <term>Prepared Queries</term>
5081 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> now supports prepared
5082 queries, for improved performance.
5088 <term>Dependency Tracking</term>
5091 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> now records object
5092 dependencies, which allows improvements in many areas.
5093 <command>DROP</command> statements now take either
5094 <literal>CASCADE</> or <literal>RESTRICT</> to control whether
5095 dependent objects are also dropped.
5101 <term>Privileges</term>
5104 Functions and procedural languages now have privileges, and
5105 functions can be defined to run with the privileges of their
5112 <term>Internationalization</term>
5115 Both multibyte and locale support are now always enabled.
5121 <term>Logging</term>
5124 A variety of logging options have been enhanced.
5130 <term>Interfaces</term>
5133 A large number of interfaces have been moved to <ulink
5134 url="http://gborg.postgresql.org">http://gborg.postgresql.org</>
5135 where they can be developed and released independently.
5141 <term>Functions/Identifiers</term>
5144 By default, functions can now take up to 32 parameters, and
5145 identifiers can be up to 63 bytes long. Also, <literal>OPAQUE</>
5146 is now deprecated: there are specific <quote>pseudo-datatypes</>
5147 to represent each of the former meanings of <literal>OPAQUE</>
5148 in function argument and result types.
5158 <title>Migration to version 7.3</title>
5161 A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</> is required for those
5162 wishing to migrate data from any previous release. If your
5163 application examines the system catalogs, additional changes will
5164 be required due to the introduction of schemas in 7.3; for more
5165 information, see: <ulink
5166 url="http://developer.postgresql.org/~momjian/upgrade_tips_7.3">
5167 http://developer.postgresql.org/~momjian/upgrade_tips_7.3</>.
5171 Observe the following incompatibilities:
5176 Pre-6.3 clients are no longer supported.
5182 <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename> now has a column for the user
5183 name and additional features. Existing files need to be
5190 Several <filename>postgresql.conf</filename> logging parameters
5197 <literal>LIMIT #,#</literal> has been disabled; use
5198 <literal>LIMIT # OFFSET #</literal>.
5204 <command>INSERT</command> statements with column lists must
5205 specify a value for each specified column. For example,
5206 <literal>INSERT INTO tab (col1, col2) VALUES ('val1')</literal>
5207 is now invalid. It's still allowed to supply fewer columns than
5208 expected if the <command>INSERT</command> does not have a column list.
5214 <type>serial</type> columns are no longer automatically
5215 <literal>UNIQUE</>; thus, an index will not automatically be
5222 A <command>SET</command> command inside an aborted transaction
5229 <command>COPY</command> no longer considers missing trailing
5230 columns to be null. All columns need to be specified.
5231 (However, one may achieve a similar effect by specifying a
5232 column list in the <command>COPY</command> command.)
5238 The data type <type>timestamp</type> is now equivalent to
5239 <type>timestamp without time zone</type>, instead of
5240 <type>timestamp with time zone</type>.
5246 Pre-7.3 databases loaded into 7.3 will not have the new object
5247 dependencies for <type>serial</type> columns, unique
5248 constraints, and foreign keys. See the directory
5249 <filename>contrib/adddepend/</filename> for a detailed
5250 description and a script that will add such dependencies.
5256 An empty string (<literal>''</literal>) is no longer allowed as
5257 the input into an integer field. Formerly, it was silently
5268 <title>Changes</title>
5271 <title>Server Operation</title>
5273 <listitem><para>Add pg_locks view to show locks (Neil)</para></listitem>
5274 <listitem><para>Security fixes for password negotiation memory allocation (Neil)</para></listitem>
5275 <listitem><para>Remove support for version 0 FE/BE protocol (<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 6.2 and earlier) (Tom)</para></listitem>
5276 <listitem><para>Reserve the last few backend slots for superusers, add parameter superuser_reserved_connections to control this (Nigel J. Andrews)</para></listitem>
5281 <title>Performance</title>
5283 <listitem><para>Improve startup by calling localtime() only once (Tom)</para></listitem>
5284 <listitem><para>Cache system catalog information in flat files for faster startup (Tom)</para></listitem>
5285 <listitem><para>Improve caching of index information (Tom)</para></listitem>
5286 <listitem><para>Optimizer improvements (Tom, Fernando Nasser)</para></listitem>
5287 <listitem><para>Catalog caches now store failed lookups (Tom)</para></listitem>
5288 <listitem><para>Hash function improvements (Neil)</para></listitem>
5289 <listitem><para>Improve performance of query tokenization and network handling (Peter)</para></listitem>
5290 <listitem><para>Speed improvement for large object restore (Mario Weilguni)</para></listitem>
5291 <listitem><para>Mark expired index entries on first lookup, saving later heap fetches (Tom)</para></listitem>
5292 <listitem><para>Avoid excessive NULL bitmap padding (Manfred Koizar)</para></listitem>
5293 <listitem><para>Add BSD-licensed qsort() for Solaris, for performance (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5294 <listitem><para>Reduce per-row overhead by four bytes (Manfred Koizar)</para></listitem>
5295 <listitem><para>Fix GEQO optimizer bug (Neil Conway)</para></listitem>
5296 <listitem><para>Make WITHOUT OID actually save four bytes per row (Manfred Koizar)</para></listitem>
5297 <listitem><para>Add default_statistics_target variable to specify ANALYZE buckets (Neil)</para></listitem>
5298 <listitem><para>Use local buffer cache for temporary tables so no WAL overhead (Tom)</para></listitem>
5299 <listitem><para>Improve free space map performance on large tables (Stephen Marshall, Tom)</para></listitem>
5300 <listitem><para>Improved WAL write concurrency (Tom)</para></listitem>
5305 <title>Privileges</title>
5307 <listitem><para>Add privileges on functions and procedural languages (Peter)</para></listitem>
5308 <listitem><para>Add OWNER to CREATE DATABASE so superusers can create databases on behalf of unprivileged users (Gavin Sherry, Tom)</para></listitem>
5309 <listitem><para>Add new object privilege bits EXECUTE and USAGE (Tom)</para></listitem>
5310 <listitem><para>Add SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION DEFAULT and RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION (Tom)</para></listitem>
5311 <listitem><para>Allow functions to be executed with the privilege of the function owner (Peter)</para></listitem>
5316 <title>Server Configuration</title>
5318 <listitem><para>Server log messages now tagged with LOG, not DEBUG (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5319 <listitem><para>Add user column to pg_hba.conf (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5320 <listitem><para>Have log_connections output two lines in log file (Tom)</para></listitem>
5321 <listitem><para>Remove debug_level from postgresql.conf, now server_min_messages (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5322 <listitem><para>New ALTER DATABASE/USER ... SET command for per-user/database initialization (Peter)</para></listitem>
5323 <listitem><para>New parameters server_min_messages and client_min_messages to control which messages are sent to the server logs or client applications (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5324 <listitem><para>Allow pg_hba.conf to specify lists of users/databases separated by commas, group names prepended with +, and file names prepended with @ (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5325 <listitem><para>Remove secondary password file capability and pg_password utility (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5326 <listitem><para>Add variable db_user_namespace for database-local user names (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5327 <listitem><para>SSL improvements (Bear Giles)</para></listitem>
5328 <listitem><para>Make encryption of stored passwords the default (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5329 <listitem><para>Allow pg_statistics to be reset by calling pg_stat_reset() (Christopher)</para></listitem>
5330 <listitem><para>Add log_duration parameter (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5331 <listitem><para>Rename debug_print_query to log_statement (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5332 <listitem><para>Rename show_query_stats to show_statement_stats (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5333 <listitem><para>Add param log_min_error_statement to print commands to logs on error (Gavin)</para></listitem>
5338 <title>Queries</title>
5340 <listitem><para>Make cursors insensitive, meaning their contents do not change (Tom)</para></listitem>
5341 <listitem><para>Disable LIMIT #,# syntax; now only LIMIT # OFFSET # supported (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5342 <listitem><para>Increase identifier length to 63 (Neil, Bruce)</para></listitem>
5343 <listitem><para>UNION fixes for merging >= 3 columns of different lengths (Tom)</para></listitem>
5344 <listitem><para>Add DEFAULT key word to INSERT, e.g., INSERT ... (..., DEFAULT, ...) (Rod)</para></listitem>
5345 <listitem><para>Allow views to have default values using ALTER COLUMN ... SET DEFAULT (Neil)</para></listitem>
5346 <listitem><para>Fail on INSERTs with column lists that don't supply all column values, e.g., INSERT INTO tab (col1, col2) VALUES ('val1'); (Rod)</para></listitem>
5347 <listitem><para>Fix for join aliases (Tom)</para></listitem>
5348 <listitem><para>Fix for FULL OUTER JOINs (Tom)</para></listitem>
5349 <listitem><para>Improve reporting of invalid identifier and location (Tom, Gavin)</para></listitem>
5350 <listitem><para>Fix OPEN cursor(args) (Tom)</para></listitem>
5351 <listitem><para>Allow 'ctid' to be used in a view and currtid(viewname) (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
5352 <listitem><para>Fix for CREATE TABLE AS with UNION (Tom)</para></listitem>
5353 <listitem><para>SQL99 syntax improvements (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5354 <listitem><para>Add statement_timeout variable to cancel queries (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5355 <listitem><para>Allow prepared queries with PREPARE/EXECUTE (Neil)</para></listitem>
5356 <listitem><para>Allow FOR UPDATE to appear after LIMIT/OFFSET (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5357 <listitem><para>Add variable autocommit (Tom, David Van Wie)</para></listitem>
5362 <title>Object Manipulation</title>
5364 <listitem><para>Make equals signs optional in CREATE DATABASE (Gavin Sherry)</para></listitem>
5365 <listitem><para>Make ALTER TABLE OWNER change index ownership too (Neil)</para></listitem>
5366 <listitem><para>New ALTER TABLE tabname ALTER COLUMN colname SET STORAGE controls TOAST storage, compression (John Gray)</para></listitem>
5367 <listitem><para>Add schema support, CREATE/DROP SCHEMA (Tom)</para></listitem>
5368 <listitem><para>Create schema for temporary tables (Tom)</para></listitem>
5369 <listitem><para>Add variable search_path for schema search (Tom)</para></listitem>
5370 <listitem><para>Add ALTER TABLE SET/DROP NOT NULL (Christopher)</para></listitem>
5371 <listitem><para>New CREATE FUNCTION volatility levels (Tom)</para></listitem>
5372 <listitem><para>Make rule names unique only per table (Tom)</para></listitem>
5373 <listitem><para>Add 'ON tablename' clause to DROP RULE and COMMENT ON RULE (Tom)</para></listitem>
5374 <listitem><para>Add ALTER TRIGGER RENAME (Joe)</para></listitem>
5375 <listitem><para>New current_schema() and current_schemas() inquiry functions (Tom)</para></listitem>
5376 <listitem><para>Allow functions to return multiple rows (table functions) (Joe)</para></listitem>
5377 <listitem><para>Make WITH optional in CREATE DATABASE, for consistency (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5378 <listitem><para>Add object dependency tracking (Rod, Tom)</para></listitem>
5379 <listitem><para>Add RESTRICT/CASCADE to DROP commands (Rod)</para></listitem>
5380 <listitem><para>Add ALTER TABLE DROP for non-CHECK CONSTRAINT (Rod)</para></listitem>
5381 <listitem><para>Autodestroy sequence on DROP of table with SERIAL (Rod)</para></listitem>
5382 <listitem><para>Prevent column dropping if column is used by foreign key (Rod)</para></listitem>
5383 <listitem><para>Automatically drop constraints/functions when object is dropped (Rod)</para></listitem>
5384 <listitem><para>Add CREATE/DROP OPERATOR CLASS (Bill Studenmund, Tom)</para></listitem>
5385 <listitem><para>Add ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN (Christopher, Tom, Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
5386 <listitem><para>Prevent inherited columns from being removed or renamed (Alvaro Herrera)</para></listitem>
5387 <listitem><para>Fix foreign key constraints to not error on intermediate database states (Stephan)</para></listitem>
5388 <listitem><para>Propagate column or table renaming to foreign key constraints</para></listitem>
5389 <listitem><para>Add CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW (Gavin, Neil, Tom)</para></listitem>
5390 <listitem><para>Add CREATE OR REPLACE RULE (Gavin, Neil, Tom)</para></listitem>
5391 <listitem><para>Have rules execute alphabetically, returning more predictable values (Tom)</para></listitem>
5392 <listitem><para>Triggers are now fired in alphabetical order (Tom)</para></listitem>
5393 <listitem><para>Add /contrib/adddepend to handle pre-7.3 object dependencies (Rod)</para></listitem>
5394 <listitem><para>Allow better casting when inserting/updating values (Tom)</para></listitem>
5399 <title>Utility Commands</title>
5401 <listitem><para>Have COPY TO output embedded carriage returns and newlines as \r and \n (Tom)</para></listitem>
5402 <listitem><para>Allow DELIMITER in COPY FROM to be 8-bit clean (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5403 <listitem><para>Make <application>pg_dump</> use ALTER TABLE ADD PRIMARY KEY, for performance (Neil)</para></listitem>
5404 <listitem><para>Disable brackets in multistatement rules (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5405 <listitem><para>Disable VACUUM from being called inside a function (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5406 <listitem><para>Allow dropdb and other scripts to use identifiers with spaces (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5407 <listitem><para>Restrict database comment changes to the current database</para></listitem>
5408 <listitem><para>Allow comments on operators, independent of the underlying function (Rod)</para></listitem>
5409 <listitem><para>Rollback SET commands in aborted transactions (Tom)</para></listitem>
5410 <listitem><para>EXPLAIN now outputs as a query (Tom)</para></listitem>
5411 <listitem><para>Display condition expressions and sort keys in EXPLAIN (Tom)</para></listitem>
5412 <listitem><para>Add 'SET LOCAL var = value' to set configuration variables for a single transaction (Tom)</para></listitem>
5413 <listitem><para>Allow ANALYZE to run in a transaction (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5414 <listitem><para>Improve COPY syntax using new WITH clauses, keep backward compatibility (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5415 <listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_dump</> to consistently output tags in non-ASCII dumps (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5416 <listitem><para>Make foreign key constraints clearer in dump file (Rod)</para></listitem>
5417 <listitem><para>Add COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT (Rod)</para></listitem>
5418 <listitem><para>Allow COPY TO/FROM to specify column names (Brent Verner)</para></listitem>
5419 <listitem><para>Dump UNIQUE and PRIMARY KEY constraints as ALTER TABLE (Rod)</para></listitem>
5420 <listitem><para>Have SHOW output a query result (Joe)</para></listitem>
5421 <listitem><para>Generate failure on short COPY lines rather than pad NULLs (Neil)</para></listitem>
5422 <listitem><para>Fix CLUSTER to preserve all table attributes (Alvaro Herrera)</para></listitem>
5423 <listitem><para>New pg_settings table to view/modify GUC settings (Joe)</para></listitem>
5424 <listitem><para>Add smart quoting, portability improvements to <application>pg_dump</> output (Peter)</para></listitem>
5425 <listitem><para>Dump serial columns out as SERIAL (Tom)</para></listitem>
5426 <listitem><para>Enable large file support, >2G for <application>pg_dump</> (Peter, Philip Warner, Bruce)</para></listitem>
5427 <listitem><para>Disallow TRUNCATE on tables that are involved in referential constraints (Rod)</para></listitem>
5428 <listitem><para>Have TRUNCATE also auto-truncate the toast table of the relation (Tom)</para></listitem>
5429 <listitem><para>Add clusterdb utility that will auto-cluster an entire database based on previous CLUSTER operations (Alvaro Herrera)</para></listitem>
5430 <listitem><para>Overhaul pg_dumpall (Peter)</para></listitem>
5431 <listitem><para>Allow REINDEX of TOAST tables (Tom)</para></listitem>
5432 <listitem><para>Implemented START TRANSACTION, per SQL99 (Neil)</para></listitem>
5433 <listitem><para>Fix rare index corruption when a page split affects bulk delete (Tom)</para></listitem>
5434 <listitem><para>Fix ALTER TABLE ... ADD COLUMN for inheritance (Alvaro Herrera)</para></listitem>
5439 <title>Data Types and Functions</title>
5441 <listitem><para>Fix factorial(0) to return 1 (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5442 <listitem><para>Date/time/timezone improvements (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5443 <listitem><para>Fix for array slice extraction (Tom)</para></listitem>
5444 <listitem><para>Fix extract/date_part to report proper microseconds for timestamp (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5445 <listitem><para>Allow text_substr() and bytea_substr() to read TOAST values more efficiently (John Gray)</para></listitem>
5446 <listitem><para>Add domain support (Rod)</para></listitem>
5447 <listitem><para>Make WITHOUT TIME ZONE the default for TIMESTAMP and TIME data types (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5448 <listitem><para>Allow alternate storage scheme of 64-bit integers for date/time types using --enable-integer-datetimes in configure (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5449 <listitem><para>Make timezone(timestamptz) return timestamp rather than a string (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5450 <listitem><para>Allow fractional seconds in date/time types for dates prior to 1BC (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5451 <listitem><para>Limit timestamp data types to 6 decimal places of precision (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5452 <listitem><para>Change timezone conversion functions from timetz() to timezone() (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5453 <listitem><para>Add configuration variables datestyle and timezone (Tom)</para></listitem>
5454 <listitem><para>Add OVERLAY(), which allows substitution of a substring in a string (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5455 <listitem><para>Add SIMILAR TO (Thomas, Tom)</para></listitem>
5456 <listitem><para>Add regular expression SUBSTRING(string FROM pat FOR escape) (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5457 <listitem><para>Add LOCALTIME and LOCALTIMESTAMP functions (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5458 <listitem><para>Add named composite types using CREATE TYPE typename AS (column) (Joe)</para></listitem>
5459 <listitem><para>Allow composite type definition in the table alias clause (Joe)</para></listitem>
5460 <listitem><para>Add new API to simplify creation of C language table functions (Joe)</para></listitem>
5461 <listitem><para>Remove ODBC-compatible empty parentheses from calls to SQL99 functions for which these parentheses do not match the standard (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5462 <listitem><para>Allow macaddr data type to accept 12 hex digits with no separators (Mike Wyer)</para></listitem>
5463 <listitem><para>Add CREATE/DROP CAST (Peter)</para></listitem>
5464 <listitem><para>Add IS DISTINCT FROM operator (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5465 <listitem><para>Add SQL99 TREAT() function, synonym for CAST() (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5466 <listitem><para>Add pg_backend_pid() to output backend pid (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5467 <listitem><para>Add IS OF / IS NOT OF type predicate (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5468 <listitem><para>Allow bit string constants without fully-specified length (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5469 <listitem><para>Allow conversion between 8-byte integers and bit strings (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5470 <listitem><para>Implement hex literal conversion to bit string literal (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5471 <listitem><para>Allow table functions to appear in the FROM clause (Joe)</para></listitem>
5472 <listitem><para>Increase maximum number of function parameters to 32 (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5473 <listitem><para>No longer automatically create index for SERIAL column (Tom)</para></listitem>
5474 <listitem><para>Add current_database() (Rod)</para></listitem>
5475 <listitem><para>Fix cash_words() to not overflow buffer (Tom)</para></listitem>
5476 <listitem><para>Add functions replace(), split_part(), to_hex() (Joe)</para></listitem>
5477 <listitem><para>Fix LIKE for bytea as a right-hand argument (Joe)</para></listitem>
5478 <listitem><para>Prevent crashes caused by SELECT cash_out(2) (Tom)</para></listitem>
5479 <listitem><para>Fix to_char(1,'FM999.99') to return a period (Karel)</para></listitem>
5480 <listitem><para>Fix trigger/type/language functions returning OPAQUE to return proper type (Tom)</para></listitem>
5485 <title>Internationalization</title>
5487 <listitem><para>Add additional encodings: Korean (JOHAB), Thai (WIN874), Vietnamese (TCVN), Arabic (WIN1256), Simplified Chinese (GBK), Korean (UHC) (Eiji Tokuya)</para></listitem>
5488 <listitem><para>Enable locale support by default (Peter)</para></listitem>
5489 <listitem><para>Add locale variables (Peter)</para></listitem>
5490 <listitem><para>Escape byes >= 0x7f for multibyte in PQescapeBytea/PQunescapeBytea (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5491 <listitem><para>Add locale awareness to regular expression character classes</para></listitem>
5492 <listitem><para>Enable multibyte support by default (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5493 <listitem><para>Add GB18030 multibyte support (Bill Huang)</para></listitem>
5494 <listitem><para>Add CREATE/DROP CONVERSION, allowing loadable encodings (Tatsuo, Kaori)</para></listitem>
5495 <listitem><para>Add pg_conversion table (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5496 <listitem><para>Add SQL99 CONVERT() function (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5497 <listitem><para>pg_dumpall, pg_controldata, and pg_resetxlog now national-language aware (Peter)</para></listitem>
5498 <listitem><para>New and updated translations</para></listitem>
5503 <title>Server-side Languages</title>
5505 <listitem><para>Allow recursive SQL function (Peter)</para></listitem>
5506 <listitem><para>Change PL/Tcl build to use configured compiler and Makefile.shlib (Peter)</para></listitem>
5507 <listitem><para>Overhaul the PL/pgSQL FOUND variable to be more Oracle-compatible (Neil, Tom)</para></listitem>
5508 <listitem><para>Allow PL/pgSQL to handle quoted identifiers (Tom)</para></listitem>
5509 <listitem><para>Allow set-returning PL/pgSQL functions (Neil)</para></listitem>
5510 <listitem><para>Make PL/pgSQL schema-aware (Joe)</para></listitem>
5511 <listitem><para>Remove some memory leaks (Nigel J. Andrews, Tom)</para></listitem>
5518 <listitem><para>Don't lowercase psql \connect database name for 7.2.0 compatibility (Tom)</para></listitem>
5519 <listitem><para>Add psql \timing to time user queries (Greg Sabino Mullane)</para></listitem>
5520 <listitem><para>Have psql \d show index information (Greg Sabino Mullane)</para></listitem>
5521 <listitem><para>New psql \dD shows domains (Jonathan Eisler)</para></listitem>
5522 <listitem><para>Allow psql to show rules on views (Paul ?)</para></listitem>
5523 <listitem><para>Fix for psql variable substitution (Tom)</para></listitem>
5524 <listitem><para>Allow psql \d to show temporary table structure (Tom)</para></listitem>
5525 <listitem><para>Allow psql \d to show foreign keys (Rod)</para></listitem>
5526 <listitem><para>Fix \? to honor \pset pager (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5527 <listitem><para>Have psql reports its version number on startup (Tom)</para></listitem>
5528 <listitem><para>Allow \copy to specify column names (Tom)</para></listitem>
5533 <title>libpq</title>
5535 <listitem><para>Add $HOME/.pgpass to store host/user password combinations (Alvaro Herrera)</para></listitem>
5536 <listitem><para>Add PQunescapeBytea() function to libpq (Patrick Welche)</para></listitem>
5537 <listitem><para>Fix for sending large queries over non-blocking connections (Bernhard Herzog)</para></listitem>
5538 <listitem><para>Fix for libpq using timers on Win9X (David Ford)</para></listitem>
5539 <listitem><para>Allow libpq notify to handle servers with different-length identifiers (Tom)</para></listitem>
5540 <listitem><para>Add libpq PQescapeString() and PQescapeBytea() to Windows (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5541 <listitem><para>Fix for SSL with non-blocking connections (Jack Bates)</para></listitem>
5542 <listitem><para>Add libpq connection timeout parameter (Denis A Ustimenko)</para></listitem>
5549 <listitem><para>Allow JDBC to compile with JDK 1.4 (Dave)</para></listitem>
5550 <listitem><para>Add JDBC 3 support (Barry)</para></listitem>
5551 <listitem><para>Allows JDBC to set loglevel by adding ?loglevel=X to the connection URL (Barry)</para></listitem>
5552 <listitem><para>Add Driver.info() message that prints out the version number (Barry)</para></listitem>
5553 <listitem><para>Add updateable result sets (Raghu Nidagal, Dave)</para></listitem>
5554 <listitem><para>Add support for callable statements (Paul Bethe)</para></listitem>
5555 <listitem><para>Add query cancel capability</para></listitem>
5556 <listitem><para>Add refresh row (Dave)</para></listitem>
5557 <listitem><para>Fix MD5 encryption handling for multibyte servers (Jun Kawai)</para></listitem>
5558 <listitem><para>Add support for prepared statements (Barry)</para></listitem>
5563 <title>Miscellaneous Interfaces</title>
5565 <listitem><para>Fixed ECPG bug concerning octal numbers in single quotes (Michael)</para></listitem>
5566 <listitem><para>Move src/interfaces/libpgeasy to http://gborg.postgresql.org (Marc, Bruce)</para></listitem>
5567 <listitem><para>Improve Python interface (Elliot Lee, Andrew Johnson, Greg Copeland)</para></listitem>
5568 <listitem><para>Add libpgtcl connection close event (Gerhard Hintermayer)</para></listitem>
5569 <listitem><para>Move src/interfaces/libpq++ to http://gborg.postgresql.org (Marc, Bruce)</para></listitem>
5570 <listitem><para>Move src/interfaces/odbc to http://gborg.postgresql.org (Marc)</para></listitem>
5571 <listitem><para>Move src/interfaces/libpgeasy to http://gborg.postgresql.org (Marc, Bruce)</para></listitem>
5572 <listitem><para>Move src/interfaces/perl5 to http://gborg.postgresql.org (Marc, Bruce)</para></listitem>
5573 <listitem><para>Remove src/bin/pgaccess from main tree, now at http://www.pgaccess.org (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5574 <listitem><para>Add pg_on_connection_loss command to libpgtcl (Gerhard Hintermayer, Tom)</para></listitem>
5579 <title>Source Code</title>
5581 <listitem><para>Fix for parallel make (Peter)</para></listitem>
5582 <listitem><para>AIX fixes for linking Tcl (Andreas Zeugswetter)</para></listitem>
5583 <listitem><para>Allow PL/Perl to build under Cygwin (Jason Tishler)</para></listitem>
5584 <listitem><para>Improve MIPS compiles (Peter, Oliver Elphick)</para></listitem>
5585 <listitem><para>Require Autoconf version 2.53 (Peter)</para></listitem>
5586 <listitem><para>Require readline and zlib by default in configure (Peter)</para></listitem>
5587 <listitem><para>Allow Solaris to use Intimate Shared Memory (ISM), for performance (Scott Brunza, P.J. Josh Rovero)</para></listitem>
5588 <listitem><para>Always enable syslog in compile, remove --enable-syslog option (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5589 <listitem><para>Always enable multibyte in compile, remove --enable-multibyte option (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5590 <listitem><para>Always enable locale in compile, remove --enable-locale option (Peter)</para></listitem>
5591 <listitem><para>Fix for Win9x DLL creation (Magnus Naeslund)</para></listitem>
5592 <listitem><para>Fix for link() usage by WAL code on Windows, BeOS (Jason Tishler)</para></listitem>
5593 <listitem><para>Add sys/types.h to c.h, remove from main files (Peter, Bruce)</para></listitem>
5594 <listitem><para>Fix AIX hang on SMP machines (Tomoyuki Niijima)</para></listitem>
5595 <listitem><para>AIX SMP hang fix (Tomoyuki Niijima)</para></listitem>
5596 <listitem><para>Fix pre-1970 date handling on newer glibc libraries (Tom)</para></listitem>
5597 <listitem><para>Fix PowerPC SMP locking (Tom)</para></listitem>
5598 <listitem><para>Prevent gcc -ffast-math from being used (Peter, Tom)</para></listitem>
5599 <listitem><para>Bison >= 1.50 now required for developer builds</para></listitem>
5600 <listitem><para>Kerberos 5 support now builds with Heimdal (Peter)</para></listitem>
5601 <listitem><para>Add appendix in the User's Guide which lists SQL features (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5602 <listitem><para>Improve loadable module linking to use RTLD_NOW (Tom)</para></listitem>
5603 <listitem><para>New error levels WARNING, INFO, LOG, DEBUG[1-5] (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5604 <listitem><para>New src/port directory holds replaced libc functions (Peter, Bruce)</para></listitem>
5605 <listitem><para>New pg_namespace system catalog for schemas (Tom)</para></listitem>
5606 <listitem><para>Add pg_class.relnamespace for schemas (Tom)</para></listitem>
5607 <listitem><para>Add pg_type.typnamespace for schemas (Tom)</para></listitem>
5608 <listitem><para>Add pg_proc.pronamespace for schemas (Tom)</para></listitem>
5609 <listitem><para>Restructure aggregates to have pg_proc entries (Tom)</para></listitem>
5610 <listitem><para>System relations now have their own namespace, pg_* test not required (Fernando Nasser)</para></listitem>
5611 <listitem><para>Rename TOAST index names to be *_index rather than *_idx (Neil)</para></listitem>
5612 <listitem><para>Add namespaces for operators, opclasses (Tom)</para></listitem>
5613 <listitem><para>Add additional checks to server control file (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5614 <listitem><para>New Polish FAQ (Marcin Mazurek)</para></listitem>
5615 <listitem><para>Add Posix semaphore support (Tom)</para></listitem>
5616 <listitem><para>Document need for reindex (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5617 <listitem><para>Rename some internal identifiers to simplify Windows compile (Jan, Katherine Ward)</para></listitem>
5618 <listitem><para>Add documentation on computing disk space (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5619 <listitem><para>Remove KSQO from GUC (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5620 <listitem><para>Fix memory leak in rtree (Kenneth Been)</para></listitem>
5621 <listitem><para>Modify a few error messages for consistency (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5622 <listitem><para>Remove unused system table columns (Peter)</para></listitem>
5623 <listitem><para>Make system columns NOT NULL where appropriate (Tom)</para></listitem>
5624 <listitem><para>Clean up use of sprintf in favor of snprintf() (Neil, Jukka Holappa)</para></listitem>
5625 <listitem><para>Remove OPAQUE and create specific subtypes (Tom)</para></listitem>
5626 <listitem><para>Cleanups in array internal handling (Joe, Tom)</para></listitem>
5627 <listitem><para>Disallow pg_atoi('') (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5628 <listitem><para>Remove parameter wal_files because WAL files are now recycled (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5629 <listitem><para>Add version numbers to heap pages (Tom)</para></listitem>
5634 <title>Contrib</title>
5636 <listitem><para>Allow inet arrays in /contrib/array (Neil)</para></listitem>
5637 <listitem><para>GiST fixes (Teodor Sigaev, Neil)</para></listitem>
5638 <listitem><para>Upgrade /contrib/mysql</para></listitem>
5639 <listitem><para>Add /contrib/dbsize which shows table sizes without vacuum (Peter)</para></listitem>
5640 <listitem><para>Add /contrib/intagg, integer aggregator routines (mlw)</para></listitem>
5641 <listitem><para>Improve /contrib/oid2name (Neil, Bruce)</para></listitem>
5642 <listitem><para>Improve /contrib/tsearch (Oleg, Teodor Sigaev)</para></listitem>
5643 <listitem><para>Cleanups of /contrib/rserver (Alexey V. Borzov)</para></listitem>
5644 <listitem><para>Update /contrib/oracle conversion utility (Gilles Darold)</para></listitem>
5645 <listitem><para>Update /contrib/dblink (Joe)</para></listitem>
5646 <listitem><para>Improve options supported by /contrib/vacuumlo (Mario Weilguni)</para></listitem>
5647 <listitem><para>Improvements to /contrib/intarray (Oleg, Teodor Sigaev, Andrey Oktyabrski)</para></listitem>
5648 <listitem><para>Add /contrib/reindexdb utility (Shaun Thomas)</para></listitem>
5649 <listitem><para>Add indexing to /contrib/isbn_issn (Dan Weston)</para></listitem>
5650 <listitem><para>Add /contrib/dbmirror (Steven Singer)</para></listitem>
5651 <listitem><para>Improve /contrib/pgbench (Neil)</para></listitem>
5652 <listitem><para>Add /contrib/tablefunc table function examples (Joe)</para></listitem>
5653 <listitem><para>Add /contrib/ltree data type for tree structures (Teodor Sigaev, Oleg Bartunov)</para></listitem>
5654 <listitem><para>Move /contrib/pg_controldata, pg_resetxlog into main tree (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5655 <listitem><para>Fixes to /contrib/cube (Bruno Wolff)</para></listitem>
5656 <listitem><para>Improve /contrib/fulltextindex (Christopher)</para></listitem>
5663 <sect1 id="release-7-2-6">
5664 <title>Release 7.2.6</title>
5667 <title>Release date</title>
5668 <simpara>2004-10-22</simpara>
5672 This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.2.5.
5677 <title>Migration to version 7.2.6</title>
5680 A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.2.X.
5685 <title>Changes</title>
5688 <listitem><para>Repair possible failure to update hint bits on disk</para>
5690 Under rare circumstances this oversight could lead to
5691 <quote>could not access transaction status</> failures, which qualifies
5692 it as a potential-data-loss bug.
5694 <listitem><para>Ensure that hashed outer join does not miss tuples</para>
5696 Very large left joins using a hash join plan could fail to output unmatched
5697 left-side rows given just the right data distribution.
5699 <listitem><para>Disallow running pg_ctl as root</para>
5701 This is to guard against any possible security issues.
5703 <listitem><para>Avoid using temp files in /tmp in make_oidjoins_check</para>
5705 This has been reported as a security issue, though it's hardly worthy of
5706 concern since there is no reason for non-developers to use this script anyway.
5708 <listitem><para>Update to newer versions of Bison</para></listitem>
5714 <sect1 id="release-7-2-5">
5715 <title>Release 7.2.5</title>
5718 <title>Release date</title>
5719 <simpara>2004-08-16</simpara>
5723 This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.2.4.
5728 <title>Migration to version 7.2.5</title>
5731 A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.2.X.
5736 <title>Changes</title>
5739 <listitem><para>Prevent possible loss of committed transactions during crash</para>
5741 Due to insufficient interlocking between transaction commit and checkpointing,
5742 it was possible for transactions committed just before the most recent
5743 checkpoint to be lost, in whole or in part, following a database crash and
5744 restart. This is a serious bug that has existed
5745 since <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.1.
5747 <listitem><para>Fix corner case for btree search in parallel with first root page split</para></listitem>
5748 <listitem><para>Fix buffer overrun in <function>to_ascii</function> (Guido Notari)</para></listitem>
5749 <listitem><para>Fix core dump in deadlock detection on machines where char is unsigned</para></listitem>
5750 <listitem><para>Fix failure to respond to <command>pg_ctl stop -m fast</command> after Async_NotifyHandler runs</para></listitem>
5751 <listitem><para>Repair memory leaks in pg_dump</para></listitem>
5752 <listitem><para>Avoid conflict with system definition of <function>isblank()</function> function or macro</para></listitem>
5757 <sect1 id="release-7-2-4">
5758 <title>Release 7.2.4</title>
5761 <title>Release date</title>
5762 <simpara>2003-01-30</simpara>
5766 This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.2.3,
5767 including fixes to prevent possible data loss.
5771 <title>Migration to version 7.2.4</title>
5774 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
5775 running version 7.2.*.
5780 <title>Changes</title>
5783 <listitem><para>Fix some additional cases of VACUUM "No one parent tuple was found" error</para></listitem>
5784 <listitem><para>Prevent VACUUM from being called inside a function (Bruce)</para></listitem>
5785 <listitem><para>Ensure pg_clog updates are sync'd to disk before marking checkpoint complete</para></listitem>
5786 <listitem><para>Avoid integer overflow during large hash joins</para></listitem>
5787 <listitem><para>Make GROUP commands work when pg_group.grolist is large enough to be toasted</para></listitem>
5788 <listitem><para>Fix errors in datetime tables; some timezone names weren't being recognized</para></listitem>
5789 <listitem><para>Fix integer overflows in circle_poly(), path_encode(), path_add() (Neil)</para></listitem>
5790 <listitem><para>Repair long-standing logic errors in lseg_eq(), lseg_ne(), lseg_center()</para></listitem>
5796 <sect1 id="release-7-2-3">
5797 <title>Release 7.2.3</title>
5800 <title>Release date</title>
5801 <simpara>2002-10-01</simpara>
5805 This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.2.2,
5806 including fixes to prevent possible data loss.
5810 <title>Migration to version 7.2.3</title>
5813 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
5814 running version 7.2.*.
5819 <title>Changes</title>
5822 <listitem><para>Prevent possible compressed transaction log loss (Tom)</para></listitem>
5823 <listitem><para>Prevent non-superuser from increasing most recent vacuum info (Tom)</para></listitem>
5824 <listitem><para>Handle pre-1970 date values in newer versions of glibc (Tom)</para></listitem>
5825 <listitem><para>Fix possible hang during server shutdown</para></listitem>
5826 <listitem><para>Prevent spinlock hangs on SMP PPC machines (Tomoyuki Niijima)</para></listitem>
5827 <listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_dump</> to properly dump FULL JOIN USING (Tom)</para></listitem>
5833 <sect1 id="release-7-2-2">
5834 <title>Release 7.2.2</title>
5837 <title>Release date</title>
5838 <simpara>2002-08-23</simpara>
5842 This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.2.1.
5846 <title>Migration to version 7.2.2</title>
5849 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
5850 running version 7.2.*.
5855 <title>Changes</title>
5858 <listitem><para>Allow EXECUTE of "CREATE TABLE AS ... SELECT" in PL/pgSQL (Tom)</para></listitem>
5859 <listitem><para>Fix for compressed transaction log id wraparound (Tom)</para></listitem>
5860 <listitem><para>Fix PQescapeBytea/PQunescapeBytea so that they handle bytes > 0x7f (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5861 <listitem><para>Fix for psql and <application>pg_dump</> crashing when invoked with non-existent long options (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5862 <listitem><para>Fix crash when invoking geometric operators (Tom)</para></listitem>
5863 <listitem><para>Allow OPEN cursor(args) (Tom)</para></listitem>
5864 <listitem><para>Fix for rtree_gist index build (Teodor)</para></listitem>
5865 <listitem><para>Fix for dumping user-defined aggregates (Tom)</para></listitem>
5866 <listitem><para>contrib/intarray fixes (Oleg)</para></listitem>
5867 <listitem><para>Fix for complex UNION/EXCEPT/INTERSECT queries using parens (Tom)</para></listitem>
5868 <listitem><para>Fix to pg_convert (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5869 <listitem><para>Fix for crash with long DATA strings (Thomas, Neil)</para></listitem>
5870 <listitem><para>Fix for repeat(), lpad(), rpad() and long strings (Neil)</para></listitem>
5876 <sect1 id="release-7-2-1">
5877 <title>Release 7.2.1</title>
5880 <title>Release date</title>
5881 <simpara>2002-03-21</simpara>
5885 This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.2.
5889 <title>Migration to version 7.2.1</title>
5892 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
5893 running version 7.2.
5898 <title>Changes</title>
5901 <listitem><para>Ensure that sequence counters do not go backwards after a crash (Tom)</para></listitem>
5902 <listitem><para>Fix pgaccess kanji-conversion key binding (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5903 <listitem><para>Optimizer improvements (Tom)</para></listitem>
5904 <listitem><para>Cash I/O improvements (Tom)</para></listitem>
5905 <listitem><para>New Russian FAQ</para></listitem>
5906 <listitem><para>Compile fix for missing AuthBlockSig (Heiko)</para></listitem>
5907 <listitem><para>Additional time zones and time zone fixes (Thomas)</para></listitem>
5908 <listitem><para>Allow psql \connect to handle mixed case database and user names (Tom)</para></listitem>
5909 <listitem><para>Return proper OID on command completion even with ON INSERT rules (Tom)</para></listitem>
5910 <listitem><para>Allow COPY FROM to use 8-bit DELIMITERS (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5911 <listitem><para>Fix bug in extract/date_part for milliseconds/microseconds (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
5912 <listitem><para>Improve handling of multiple UNIONs with different lengths (Tom)</para></listitem>
5913 <listitem><para>contrib/btree_gist improvements (Teodor Sigaev)</para></listitem>
5914 <listitem><para>contrib/tsearch dictionary improvements, see README.tsearch for an additional installation step (Thomas T. Thai, Teodor Sigaev)</para></listitem>
5915 <listitem><para>Fix for array subscripts handling (Tom)</para></listitem>
5916 <listitem><para>Allow EXECUTE of "CREATE TABLE AS ... SELECT" in PL/pgSQL (Tom)</para></listitem>
5922 <sect1 id="release-7-2">
5923 <title>Release 7.2</title>
5926 <title>Release date</title>
5927 <simpara>2002-02-04</simpara>
5931 <title>Overview</title>
5934 This release improves <productname>PostgreSQL</> for use in
5935 high-volume applications.
5939 Major changes in this release:
5946 Vacuuming no longer locks tables, thus allowing normal user
5947 access during the vacuum. A new <command>VACUUM FULL</>
5948 command does old-style vacuum by locking the table and
5949 shrinking the on-disk copy of the table.
5955 <term>Transactions</term>
5958 There is no longer a problem with installations that exceed
5959 four billion transactions.
5968 OIDs are now optional. Users can now create tables without
5969 OIDs for cases where OID usage is excessive.
5975 <term>Optimizer</term>
5978 The system now computes histogram column statistics during
5979 <command>ANALYZE</>, allowing much better optimizer choices.
5985 <term>Security</term>
5988 A new MD5 encryption option allows more secure storage and
5989 transfer of passwords. A new Unix-domain socket
5990 authentication option is available on Linux and BSD systems.
5996 <term>Statistics</term>
5999 Administrators can use the new table access statistics module
6000 to get fine-grained information about table and index usage.
6006 <term>Internationalization</term>
6009 Program and library messages can now be displayed in several
6019 <title>Migration to version 7.2</title>
6022 A dump/restore using <command>pg_dump</command> is required for
6023 those wishing to migrate data from any previous release.
6027 Observe the following incompatibilities:
6032 The semantics of the <command>VACUUM</command> command have
6033 changed in this release. You may wish to update your
6034 maintenance procedures accordingly.
6040 In this release, comparisons using <literal>= NULL</literal>
6041 will always return false (or NULL, more precisely). Previous
6042 releases automatically transformed this syntax to <literal>IS
6043 NULL</literal>. The old behavior can be re-enabled using a
6044 <filename>postgresql.conf</filename> parameter.
6050 The <filename>pg_hba.conf</> and <filename>pg_ident.conf</>
6051 configuration is now only reloaded after receiving a
6052 <systemitem>SIGHUP</> signal, not with each connection.
6058 The function <filename>octet_length()</> now returns the uncompressed data length.
6064 The date/time value <literal>'current'</literal> is no longer
6065 available. You will need to rewrite your applications.
6071 The <literal>timestamp()</literal>, <literal>time()</literal>,
6072 and <literal>interval()</literal> functions are no longer
6073 available. Instead of <literal>timestamp()</literal>, use
6074 <literal>timestamp 'string'</literal> or <literal>CAST</literal>.
6081 The <literal>SELECT ... LIMIT #,#</literal> syntax will be removed
6082 in the next release. You should change your queries to use
6083 separate LIMIT and OFFSET clauses, e.g. <literal>LIMIT 10 OFFSET
6089 <title>Changes</title>
6092 <title>Server Operation</title>
6094 <listitem><para>Create temporary files in a separate directory (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6095 <listitem><para>Delete orphaned temporary files on postmaster startup (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6096 <listitem><para>Added unique indexes to some system tables (Tom)</para></listitem>
6097 <listitem><para>System table operator reorganization (Oleg Bartunov, Teodor Sigaev, Tom)</para></listitem>
6098 <listitem><para>Renamed pg_log to pg_clog (Tom)</para></listitem>
6099 <listitem><para>Enable SIGTERM, SIGQUIT to kill backends (Jan)</para></listitem>
6100 <listitem><para>Removed compile-time limit on number of backends (Tom)</para></listitem>
6101 <listitem><para>Better cleanup for semaphore resource failure (Tatsuo, Tom)</para></listitem>
6102 <listitem><para>Allow safe transaction ID wraparound (Tom)</para></listitem>
6103 <listitem><para>Removed OIDs from some system tables (Tom)</para></listitem>
6104 <listitem><para>Removed "triggered data change violation" error check (Tom)</para></listitem>
6105 <listitem><para>SPI portal creation of prepared/saved plans (Jan)</para></listitem>
6106 <listitem><para>Allow SPI column functions to work for system columns (Tom)</para></listitem>
6107 <listitem><para>Long value compression improvement (Tom)</para></listitem>
6108 <listitem><para>Statistics collector for table, index access (Jan)</para></listitem>
6109 <listitem><para>Truncate extra-long sequence names to a reasonable value (Tom)</para></listitem>
6110 <listitem><para>Measure transaction times in milliseconds (Thomas)</para></listitem>
6111 <listitem><para>Fix TID sequential scans (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
6112 <listitem><para>Superuser ID now fixed at 1 (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6113 <listitem><para>New pg_ctl "reload" option (Tom)</para></listitem>
6118 <title>Performance</title>
6120 <listitem><para>Optimizer improvements (Tom)</para></listitem>
6121 <listitem><para>New histogram column statistics for optimizer (Tom)</para></listitem>
6122 <listitem><para>Reuse write-ahead log files rather than discarding them (Tom)</para></listitem>
6123 <listitem><para>Cache improvements (Tom)</para></listitem>
6124 <listitem><para>IS NULL, IS NOT NULL optimizer improvement (Tom)</para></listitem>
6125 <listitem><para>Improve lock manager to reduce lock contention (Tom)</para></listitem>
6126 <listitem><para>Keep relcache entries for index access support functions (Tom)</para></listitem>
6127 <listitem><para>Allow better selectivity with NaN and infinities in NUMERIC (Tom)</para></listitem>
6128 <listitem><para>R-tree performance improvements (Kenneth Been)</para></listitem>
6129 <listitem><para>B-tree splits more efficient (Tom)</para></listitem>
6134 <title>Privileges</title>
6136 <listitem><para>Change UPDATE, DELETE privileges to be distinct (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6137 <listitem><para>New REFERENCES, TRIGGER privileges (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6138 <listitem><para>Allow GRANT/REVOKE to/from more than one user at a time (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6139 <listitem><para>New has_table_privilege() function (Joe Conway)</para></listitem>
6140 <listitem><para>Allow non-superuser to vacuum database (Tom)</para></listitem>
6141 <listitem><para>New SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION command (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6142 <listitem><para>Fix bug in privilege modifications on newly created tables (Tom)</para></listitem>
6143 <listitem><para>Disallow access to pg_statistic for non-superuser, add user-accessible views (Tom)</para></listitem>
6148 <title>Client Authentication</title>
6150 <listitem><para>Fork postmaster before doing authentication to prevent hangs (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6151 <listitem><para>Add ident authentication over Unix domain sockets on Linux, *BSD (Helge Bahmann, Oliver Elphick, Teodor Sigaev, Bruce)</para></listitem>
6152 <listitem><para>Add a password authentication method that uses MD5 encryption (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6153 <listitem><para>Allow encryption of stored passwords using MD5 (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6154 <listitem><para>PAM authentication (Dominic J. Eidson)</para></listitem>
6155 <listitem><para>Load pg_hba.conf and pg_ident.conf only on startup and SIGHUP (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6160 <title>Server Configuration</title>
6162 <listitem><para>Interpretation of some time zone abbreviations as Australian rather than North American now settable at run time (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6163 <listitem><para>New parameter to set default transaction isolation level (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6164 <listitem><para>New parameter to enable conversion of "expr = NULL" into "expr IS NULL", off by default (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6165 <listitem><para>New parameter to control memory usage by VACUUM (Tom)</para></listitem>
6166 <listitem><para>New parameter to set client authentication timeout (Tom)</para></listitem>
6167 <listitem><para>New parameter to set maximum number of open files (Tom)</para></listitem>
6172 <title>Queries</title>
6174 <listitem><para>Statements added by INSERT rules now execute after the INSERT (Jan)</para></listitem>
6175 <listitem><para>Prevent unadorned relation names in target list (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6176 <listitem><para>NULLs now sort after all normal values in ORDER BY (Tom)</para></listitem>
6177 <listitem><para>New IS UNKNOWN, IS NOT UNKNOWN Boolean tests (Tom)</para></listitem>
6178 <listitem><para>New SHARE UPDATE EXCLUSIVE lock mode (Tom)</para></listitem>
6179 <listitem><para>New EXPLAIN ANALYZE command that shows run times and row counts (Martijn van Oosterhout)</para></listitem>
6180 <listitem><para>Fix problem with LIMIT and subqueries (Tom)</para></listitem>
6181 <listitem><para>Fix for LIMIT, DISTINCT ON pushed into subqueries (Tom)</para></listitem>
6182 <listitem><para>Fix nested EXCEPT/INTERSECT (Tom)</para></listitem>
6187 <title>Schema Manipulation</title>
6189 <listitem><para>Fix SERIAL in temporary tables (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6190 <listitem><para>Allow temporary sequences (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6191 <listitem><para>Sequences now use int8 internally (Tom)</para></listitem>
6192 <listitem><para>New SERIAL8 creates int8 columns with sequences, default still SERIAL4 (Tom)</para></listitem>
6193 <listitem><para>Make OIDs optional using WITHOUT OIDS (Tom)</para></listitem>
6194 <listitem><para>Add %TYPE syntax to CREATE TYPE (Ian Lance Taylor)</para></listitem>
6195 <listitem><para>Add ALTER TABLE / DROP CONSTRAINT for CHECK constraints (Christopher Kings-Lynne)</para></listitem>
6196 <listitem><para>New CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION to alter existing function (preserving the function OID) (Gavin Sherry)</para></listitem>
6197 <listitem><para>Add ALTER TABLE / ADD [ UNIQUE | PRIMARY ] (Christopher Kings-Lynne)</para></listitem>
6198 <listitem><para>Allow column renaming in views</para></listitem>
6199 <listitem><para>Make ALTER TABLE / RENAME COLUMN update column names of indexes (Brent Verner)</para></listitem>
6200 <listitem><para>Fix for ALTER TABLE / ADD CONSTRAINT ... CHECK with inherited tables (Stephan Szabo)</para></listitem>
6201 <listitem><para>ALTER TABLE RENAME update foreign-key trigger arguments correctly (Brent Verner)</para></listitem>
6202 <listitem><para>DROP AGGREGATE and COMMENT ON AGGREGATE now accept an aggtype (Tom)</para></listitem>
6203 <listitem><para>Add automatic return type data casting for SQL functions (Tom)</para></listitem>
6204 <listitem><para>Allow GiST indexes to handle NULLs and multikey indexes (Oleg Bartunov, Teodor Sigaev, Tom)</para></listitem>
6205 <listitem><para>Enable partial indexes (Martijn van Oosterhout)</para></listitem>
6210 <title>Utility Commands</title>
6212 <listitem><para>Add RESET ALL, SHOW ALL (Marko Kreen)</para></listitem>
6213 <listitem><para>CREATE/ALTER USER/GROUP now allow options in any order (Vince)</para></listitem>
6214 <listitem><para>Add LOCK A, B, C functionality (Neil Padgett)</para></listitem>
6215 <listitem><para>New ENCRYPTED/UNENCRYPTED option to CREATE/ALTER USER (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6216 <listitem><para>New light-weight VACUUM does not lock table; old semantics are available as VACUUM FULL (Tom)</para></listitem>
6217 <listitem><para>Disable COPY TO/FROM on views (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6218 <listitem><para>COPY DELIMITERS string must be exactly one character (Tom)</para></listitem>
6219 <listitem><para>VACUUM warning about index tuples fewer than heap now only appears when appropriate (Martijn van Oosterhout)</para></listitem>
6220 <listitem><para>Fix privilege checks for CREATE INDEX (Tom)</para></listitem>
6221 <listitem><para>Disallow inappropriate use of CREATE/DROP INDEX/TRIGGER/VIEW (Tom)</para></listitem>
6226 <title>Data Types and Functions</title>
6228 <listitem><para>SUM(), AVG(), COUNT() now uses int8 internally for speed (Tom)</para></listitem>
6229 <listitem><para>Add convert(), convert2() (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6230 <listitem><para>New function bit_length() (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6231 <listitem><para>Make the "n" in CHAR(n)/VARCHAR(n) represents letters, not bytes (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6232 <listitem><para>CHAR(), VARCHAR() now reject strings that are too long (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6233 <listitem><para>BIT VARYING now rejects bit strings that are too long (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6234 <listitem><para>BIT now rejects bit strings that do not match declared size (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6235 <listitem><para>INET, CIDR text conversion functions (Alex Pilosov)</para></listitem>
6236 <listitem><para>INET, CIDR operators << and <<= indexable (Alex Pilosov)</para></listitem>
6237 <listitem><para>Bytea \### now requires valid three digit octal number</para></listitem>
6238 <listitem><para>Bytea comparison improvements, now supports =, <>, >, >=, <, and <=</para></listitem>
6239 <listitem><para>Bytea now supports B-tree indexes</para></listitem>
6240 <listitem><para>Bytea now supports LIKE, LIKE...ESCAPE, NOT LIKE, NOT LIKE...ESCAPE</para></listitem>
6241 <listitem><para>Bytea now supports concatenation</para></listitem>
6242 <listitem><para>New bytea functions: position, substring, trim, btrim, and length</para></listitem>
6243 <listitem><para>New encode() function mode, "escaped", converts minimally escaped bytea to/from text</para></listitem>
6244 <listitem><para>Add pg_database_encoding_max_length() (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6245 <listitem><para>Add pg_client_encoding() function (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6246 <listitem><para>now() returns time with millisecond precision (Thomas)</para></listitem>
6247 <listitem><para>New TIMESTAMP WITHOUT TIMEZONE data type (Thomas)</para></listitem>
6248 <listitem><para>Add ISO date/time specification with "T", yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss (Thomas)</para></listitem>
6249 <listitem><para>New xid/int comparison functions (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
6250 <listitem><para>Add precision to TIME, TIMESTAMP, and INTERVAL data types (Thomas)</para></listitem>
6251 <listitem><para>Modify type coercion logic to attempt binary-compatible functions first (Tom)</para></listitem>
6252 <listitem><para>New encode() function installed by default (Marko Kreen)</para></listitem>
6253 <listitem><para>Improved to_*() conversion functions (Karel Zak)</para></listitem>
6254 <listitem><para>Optimize LIKE/ILIKE when using single-byte encodings (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6255 <listitem><para>New functions in contrib/pgcrypto: crypt(), hmac(), encrypt(), gen_salt() (Marko Kreen)</para></listitem>
6256 <listitem><para>Correct description of translate() function (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6257 <listitem><para>Add INTERVAL argument for SET TIME ZONE (Thomas)</para></listitem>
6258 <listitem><para>Add INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH (etc.) syntax (Thomas)</para></listitem>
6259 <listitem><para>Optimize length functions when using single-byte encodings (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6260 <listitem><para>Fix path_inter, path_distance, path_length, dist_ppath to handle closed paths (Curtis Barrett, Tom)</para></listitem>
6261 <listitem><para>octet_length(text) now returns non-compressed length (Tatsuo, Bruce)</para></listitem>
6262 <listitem><para>Handle "July" full name in date/time literals (Greg Sabino Mullane)</para></listitem>
6263 <listitem><para>Some datatype() function calls now evaluated differently</para></listitem>
6264 <listitem><para>Add support for Julian and ISO time specifications (Thomas)</para></listitem>
6269 <title>Internationalization</title>
6271 <listitem><para>National language support in psql, <application>pg_dump</>, libpq, and server (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6272 <listitem><para>Message translations in Chinese (simplified, traditional), Czech, French, German, Hungarian, Russian, Swedish (Peter E, Serguei A. Mokhov, Karel Zak, Weiping He, Zhenbang Wei, Kovacs Zoltan)</para></listitem>
6273 <listitem><para>Make trim, ltrim, rtrim, btrim, lpad, rpad, translate multibyte aware (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6274 <listitem><para>Add LATIN5,6,7,8,9,10 support (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6275 <listitem><para>Add ISO 8859-5,6,7,8 support (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6276 <listitem><para>Correct LATIN5 to mean ISO-8859-9, not ISO-8859-5 (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6277 <listitem><para>Make mic2ascii() non-ASCII aware (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6278 <listitem><para>Reject invalid multibyte character sequences (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6283 <title><application>PL/pgSQL</></title>
6285 <listitem><para>Now uses portals for SELECT loops, allowing huge result sets (Jan)</para></listitem>
6286 <listitem><para>CURSOR and REFCURSOR support (Jan)</para></listitem>
6287 <listitem><para>Can now return open cursors (Jan)</para></listitem>
6288 <listitem><para>Add ELSEIF (Klaus Reger)</para></listitem>
6289 <listitem><para>Improve PL/pgSQL error reporting, including location of error (Tom)</para></listitem>
6290 <listitem><para>Allow IS or FOR key words in cursor declaration, for compatibility (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6291 <listitem><para>Fix for SELECT ... FOR UPDATE (Tom)</para></listitem>
6292 <listitem><para>Fix for PERFORM returning multiple rows (Tom)</para></listitem>
6293 <listitem><para>Make PL/pgSQL use the server's type coercion code (Tom)</para></listitem>
6294 <listitem><para>Memory leak fix (Jan, Tom)</para></listitem>
6295 <listitem><para>Make trailing semicolon optional (Tom)</para></listitem>
6300 <title>PL/Perl</title>
6302 <listitem><para>New untrusted PL/Perl (Alex Pilosov)</para></listitem>
6303 <listitem><para>PL/Perl is now built on some platforms even if libperl is not shared (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6308 <title>PL/Tcl</title>
6310 <listitem><para>Now reports errorInfo (Vsevolod Lobko)</para></listitem>
6311 <listitem><para>Add spi_lastoid function (bob@redivi.com)</para></listitem>
6316 <title>PL/Python</title>
6318 <listitem><para>...is new (Andrew Bosma)</para></listitem>
6323 <title><application>psql</></title>
6325 <listitem><para>\d displays indexes in unique, primary groupings (Christopher Kings-Lynne)</para></listitem>
6326 <listitem><para>Allow trailing semicolons in backslash commands (Greg Sabino Mullane)</para></listitem>
6327 <listitem><para>Read password from /dev/tty if possible</para></listitem>
6328 <listitem><para>Force new password prompt when changing user and database (Tatsuo, Tom)</para></listitem>
6329 <listitem><para>Format the correct number of columns for Unicode (Patrice)</para></listitem>
6334 <title><application>libpq</></title>
6336 <listitem><para>New function PQescapeString() to escape quotes in command strings (Florian Weimer)</para></listitem>
6337 <listitem><para>New function PQescapeBytea() escapes binary strings for use as SQL string literals</para></listitem>
6344 <listitem><para>Return OID of INSERT (Ken K)</para></listitem>
6345 <listitem><para>Handle more data types (Ken K)</para></listitem>
6346 <listitem><para>Handle single quotes and newlines in strings (Ken K)</para></listitem>
6347 <listitem><para>Handle NULL variables (Ken K)</para></listitem>
6348 <listitem><para>Fix for time zone handling (Barry Lind)</para></listitem>
6349 <listitem><para>Improved Druid support</para></listitem>
6350 <listitem><para>Allow eight-bit characters with non-multibyte server (Barry Lind)</para></listitem>
6351 <listitem><para>Support BIT, BINARY types (Ned Wolpert)</para></listitem>
6352 <listitem><para>Reduce memory usage (Michael Stephens, Dave Cramer)</para></listitem>
6353 <listitem><para>Update DatabaseMetaData (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6354 <listitem><para>Add DatabaseMetaData.getCatalogs() (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6355 <listitem><para>Encoding fixes (Anders Bengtsson)</para></listitem>
6356 <listitem><para>Get/setCatalog methods (Jason Davies)</para></listitem>
6357 <listitem><para>DatabaseMetaData.getColumns() now returns column defaults (Jason Davies)</para></listitem>
6358 <listitem><para>DatabaseMetaData.getColumns() performance improvement (Jeroen van Vianen)</para></listitem>
6359 <listitem><para>Some JDBC1 and JDBC2 merging (Anders Bengtsson)</para></listitem>
6360 <listitem><para>Transaction performance improvements (Barry Lind)</para></listitem>
6361 <listitem><para>Array fixes (Greg Zoller)</para></listitem>
6362 <listitem><para>Serialize addition </para></listitem>
6363 <listitem><para>Fix batch processing (Rene Pijlman)</para></listitem>
6364 <listitem><para>ExecSQL method reorganization (Anders Bengtsson)</para></listitem>
6365 <listitem><para>GetColumn() fixes (Jeroen van Vianen)</para></listitem>
6366 <listitem><para>Fix isWriteable() function (Rene Pijlman)</para></listitem>
6367 <listitem><para>Improved passage of JDBC2 conformance tests (Rene Pijlman)</para></listitem>
6368 <listitem><para>Add bytea type capability (Barry Lind)</para></listitem>
6369 <listitem><para>Add isNullable() (Rene Pijlman)</para></listitem>
6370 <listitem><para>JDBC date/time test suite fixes (Liam Stewart)</para></listitem>
6371 <listitem><para>Fix for SELECT 'id' AS xxx FROM table (Dave Cramer)</para></listitem>
6372 <listitem><para>Fix DatabaseMetaData to show precision properly (Mark Lillywhite)</para></listitem>
6373 <listitem><para>New getImported/getExported keys (Jason Davies)</para></listitem>
6374 <listitem><para>MD5 password encryption support (Jeremy Wohl)</para></listitem>
6375 <listitem><para>Fix to actually use type cache (Ned Wolpert)</para></listitem>
6382 <listitem><para>Remove query size limit (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
6383 <listitem><para>Remove text field size limit (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
6384 <listitem><para>Fix for SQLPrimaryKeys in multibyte mode (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
6385 <listitem><para>Allow ODBC procedure calls (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
6386 <listitem><para>Improve boolean handing (Aidan Mountford)</para></listitem>
6387 <listitem><para>Most configuration options now settable via DSN (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
6388 <listitem><para>Multibyte, performance fixes (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
6389 <listitem><para>Allow driver to be used with iODBC or unixODBC (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6390 <listitem><para>MD5 password encryption support (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6391 <listitem><para>Add more compatibility functions to odbc.sql (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6396 <title><application>ECPG</></title>
6398 <listitem><para>EXECUTE ... INTO implemented (Christof Petig)</para></listitem>
6399 <listitem><para>Multiple row descriptor support (e.g. CARDINALITY) (Christof Petig)</para></listitem>
6400 <listitem><para>Fix for GRANT parameters (Lee Kindness)</para></listitem>
6401 <listitem><para>Fix INITIALLY DEFERRED bug</para></listitem>
6402 <listitem><para>Various bug fixes (Michael, Christof Petig)</para></listitem>
6403 <listitem><para>Auto allocation for indicator variable arrays (int *ind_p=NULL)</para></listitem>
6404 <listitem><para>Auto allocation for string arrays (char **foo_pp=NULL)</para></listitem>
6405 <listitem><para>ECPGfree_auto_mem fixed</para></listitem>
6406 <listitem><para>All function names with external linkage are now prefixed by ECPG</para></listitem>
6407 <listitem><para>Fixes for arrays of structures (Michael)</para></listitem>
6412 <title>Misc. Interfaces</title>
6414 <listitem><para>Python fix fetchone() (Gerhard Haring)</para></listitem>
6415 <listitem><para>Use UTF, Unicode in Tcl where appropriate (Vsevolod Lobko, Reinhard Max)</para></listitem>
6416 <listitem><para>Add Tcl COPY TO/FROM (ljb)</para></listitem>
6417 <listitem><para>Prevent output of default index op class in <application>pg_dump</> (Tom)</para></listitem>
6418 <listitem><para>Fix libpgeasy memory leak (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6423 <title>Build and Install</title>
6425 <listitem><para>Configure, dynamic loader, and shared library fixes (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6426 <listitem><para>Fixes in QNX 4 port (Bernd Tegge)</para></listitem>
6427 <listitem><para>Fixes in Cygwin and Windows ports (Jason Tishler, Gerhard Haring, Dmitry Yurtaev, Darko Prenosil, Mikhail Terekhov)</para></listitem>
6428 <listitem><para>Fix for Windows socket communication failures (Magnus, Mikhail Terekhov)</para></listitem>
6429 <listitem><para>Hurd compile fix (Oliver Elphick)</para></listitem>
6430 <listitem><para>BeOS fixes (Cyril Velter)</para></listitem>
6431 <listitem><para>Remove configure --enable-unicode-conversion, now enabled by multibyte (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
6432 <listitem><para>AIX fixes (Tatsuo, Andreas)</para></listitem>
6433 <listitem><para>Fix parallel make (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6434 <listitem><para>Install SQL language manual pages into OS-specific directories (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6435 <listitem><para>Rename config.h to pg_config.h (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6436 <listitem><para>Reorganize installation layout of header files (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6441 <title>Source Code</title>
6443 <listitem><para>Remove SEP_CHAR (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6444 <listitem><para>New GUC hooks (Tom)</para></listitem>
6445 <listitem><para>Merge GUC and command line handling (Marko Kreen)</para></listitem>
6446 <listitem><para>Remove EXTEND INDEX (Martijn van Oosterhout, Tom)</para></listitem>
6447 <listitem><para>New pgjindent utility to indent java code (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6448 <listitem><para>Remove define of true/false when compiling under C++ (Leandro Fanzone, Tom)</para></listitem>
6449 <listitem><para>pgindent fixes (Bruce, Tom)</para></listitem>
6450 <listitem><para>Replace strcasecmp() with strcmp() where appropriate (Peter E)</para></listitem>
6451 <listitem><para>Dynahash portability improvements (Tom)</para></listitem>
6452 <listitem><para>Add 'volatile' usage in spinlock structures</para></listitem>
6453 <listitem><para>Improve signal handling logic (Tom)</para></listitem>
6458 <title>Contrib</title>
6460 <listitem><para>New contrib/rtree_gist (Oleg Bartunov, Teodor Sigaev)</para></listitem>
6461 <listitem><para>New contrib/tsearch full-text indexing (Oleg, Teodor Sigaev)</para></listitem>
6462 <listitem><para>Add contrib/dblink for remote database access (Joe Conway)</para></listitem>
6463 <listitem><para>contrib/ora2pg Oracle conversion utility (Gilles Darold)</para></listitem>
6464 <listitem><para>contrib/xml XML conversion utility (John Gray)</para></listitem>
6465 <listitem><para>contrib/fulltextindex fixes (Christopher Kings-Lynne)</para></listitem>
6466 <listitem><para>New contrib/fuzzystrmatch with levenshtein and metaphone, soundex merged (Joe Conway)</para></listitem>
6467 <listitem><para>Add contrib/intarray boolean queries, binary search, fixes (Oleg Bartunov)</para></listitem>
6468 <listitem><para>New pg_upgrade utility (Bruce)</para></listitem>
6469 <listitem><para>Add new pg_resetxlog options (Bruce, Tom)</para></listitem>
6476 <sect1 id="release-7-1-3">
6477 <title>Release 7.1.3</title>
6480 <title>Release date</title>
6481 <simpara>2001-08-15</simpara>
6485 <title>Migration to version 7.1.3</title>
6488 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
6494 <title>Changes</title>
6498 Remove unused WAL segements of large transactions (Tom)
6499 Multiaction rule fix (Tom)
6500 PL/pgSQL memory allocation fix (Jan)
6501 VACUUM buffer fix (Tom)
6502 Regression test fixes (Tom)
6503 pg_dump fixes for GRANT/REVOKE/comments on views, user-defined types (Tom)
6504 Fix subselects with DISTINCT ON or LIMIT (Tom)
6506 Disable COPY TO/FROM a view (Tom)
6507 Cygwin build (Jason Tishler)
6514 <sect1 id="release-7-1-2">
6515 <title>Release 7.1.2</title>
6518 <title>Release date</title>
6519 <simpara>2001-05-11</simpara>
6523 This has one fix from 7.1.1.
6528 <title>Migration to version 7.1.2</title>
6531 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
6537 <title>Changes</title>
6541 Fix PL/pgSQL SELECTs when returning no rows
6542 Fix for psql backslash core dump
6543 Referential integrity privilege fix
6552 <sect1 id="release-7-1-1">
6553 <title>Release 7.1.1</title>
6556 <title>Release date</title>
6557 <simpara>2001-05-05</simpara>
6561 This has a variety of fixes from 7.1.
6566 <title>Migration to version 7.1.1</title>
6569 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
6575 <title>Changes</title>
6579 Fix for numeric MODULO operator (Tom)
6580 pg_dump fixes (Philip)
6581 pg_dump can dump 7.0 databases (Philip)
6582 readline 4.2 fixes (Peter E)
6584 AIX, MSWIN, VAX, N32K fixes (Tom)
6585 Multibytes fixes (Tom)
6586 Unicode fixes (Tatsuo)
6587 Optimizer improvements (Tom)
6588 Fix for whole rows in functions (Tom)
6589 Fix for pg_ctl and option strings with spaces (Peter E)
6590 ODBC fixes (Hiroshi)
6591 EXTRACT can now take string argument (Thomas)
6592 Python fixes (Darcy)
6599 <sect1 id="release-7-1">
6600 <title>Release 7.1</title>
6603 <title>Release date</title>
6604 <simpara>2001-04-13</simpara>
6608 This release focuses on removing limitations that have existed in the
6609 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> code for many years.
6613 Major changes in this release:
6618 Write-ahead Log (WAL)
6622 To maintain database consistency in case of an operating system crash,
6623 previous releases of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> have forced
6624 all data modifications to disk before each transaction commit. With
6625 WAL, only one log file must be flushed to disk, greatly improving
6626 performance. If you have been using -F in previous releases to
6627 disable disk flushes, you may want to consider discontinuing its use.
6638 TOAST - Previous releases had a compiled-in row length limit,
6639 typically 8k - 32k. This limit made storage of long text fields
6640 difficult. With TOAST, long rows of any length can be stored with good
6652 We now support outer joins. The UNION/NOT IN
6653 workaround for outer joins is no longer required. We use the SQL92
6665 The previous C function manager did not
6666 handle null values properly, nor did it support 64-bit <acronym>CPU</acronym>'s (Alpha). The new
6667 function manager does. You can continue using your old custom
6668 functions, but you may want to rewrite them in the future to use the new
6669 function manager call interface.
6680 A large number of complex queries that were
6681 unsupported in previous releases now work. Many combinations of views,
6682 aggregates, UNION, LIMIT, cursors, subqueries, and inherited tables
6683 now work properly. Inherited tables are now accessed by default.
6684 Subqueries in FROM are now supported.
6693 <title>Migration to version 7.1</title>
6696 A dump/restore using pg_dump is required for those wishing to migrate
6697 data from any previous release.
6702 <title>Changes</title>
6708 Many multibyte/Unicode/locale fixes (Tatsuo and others)
6709 More reliable ALTER TABLE RENAME (Tom)
6710 Kerberos V fixes (David Wragg)
6711 Fix for INSERT INTO...SELECT where targetlist has subqueries (Tom)
6712 Prompt username/password on standard error (Bruce)
6713 Large objects inv_read/inv_write fixes (Tom)
6714 Fixes for to_char(), to_date(), to_ascii(), and to_timestamp() (Karel,
6716 Prevent query expressions from leaking memory (Tom)
6717 Allow UPDATE of arrays elements (Tom)
6718 Wake up lock waiters during cancel (Hiroshi)
6719 Fix rare cursor crash when using hash join (Tom)
6720 Fix for DROP TABLE/INDEX in rolled-back transaction (Hiroshi)
6721 Fix psql crash from \l+ if MULTIBYTE enabled (Peter E)
6722 Fix truncation of rule names during CREATE VIEW (Ross Reedstrom)
6723 Fix PL/perl (Alex Kapranoff)
6724 Disallow LOCK on views (Mark Hollomon)
6725 Disallow INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE on views (Mark Hollomon)
6726 Disallow DROP RULE, CREATE INDEX, TRUNCATE on views (Mark Hollomon)
6727 Allow PL/pgSQL accept non-ASCII identifiers (Tatsuo)
6728 Allow views to proper handle GROUP BY, aggregates, DISTINCT (Tom)
6729 Fix rare failure with TRUNCATE command (Tom)
6730 Allow UNION/INTERSECT/EXCEPT to be used with ALL, subqueries, views,
6731 DISTINCT, ORDER BY, SELECT...INTO (Tom)
6732 Fix parser failures during aborted transactions (Tom)
6733 Allow temporary relations to properly clean up indexes (Bruce)
6734 Fix VACUUM problem with moving rows in same page (Tom)
6735 Modify pg_dump to better handle user-defined items in template1 (Philip)
6736 Allow LIMIT in VIEW (Tom)
6737 Require cursor FETCH to honor LIMIT (Tom)
6738 Allow PRIMARY/FOREIGN Key definitions on inherited columns (Stephan)
6739 Allow ORDER BY, LIMIT in subqueries (Tom)
6740 Allow UNION in CREATE RULE (Tom)
6741 Make ALTER/DROP TABLE rollback-able (Vadim, Tom)
6742 Store initdb collation in pg_control so collation cannot be changed (Tom)
6743 Fix INSERT...SELECT with rules (Tom)
6744 Fix FOR UPDATE inside views and subselects (Tom)
6745 Fix OVERLAPS operators conform to SQL92 spec regarding NULLs (Tom)
6746 Fix lpad() and rpad() to handle length less than input string (Tom)
6747 Fix use of NOTIFY in some rules (Tom)
6748 Overhaul btree code (Tom)
6749 Fix NOT NULL use in Pl/pgSQL variables (Tom)
6750 Overhaul GIST code (Oleg)
6751 Fix CLUSTER to preserve constraints and column default (Tom)
6752 Improved deadlock detection handling (Tom)
6753 Allow multiple SERIAL columns in a table (Tom)
6754 Prevent occasional index corruption (Vadim)
6758 Add OUTER JOINs (Tom)
6759 Function manager overhaul (Tom)
6760 Allow ALTER TABLE RENAME on indexes (Tom)
6761 Improve CLUSTER (Tom)
6762 Improve ps status display for more platforms (Peter E, Marc)
6763 Improve CREATE FUNCTION failure message (Ross)
6764 JDBC improvements (Peter, Travis Bauer, Christopher Cain, William Webber,
6766 Grand Unified Configuration scheme/GUC. Many options can now be set in
6767 data/postgresql.conf, postmaster/postgres flags, or SET commands (Peter E)
6768 Improved handling of file descriptor cache (Tom)
6769 New warning code about auto-created table alias entries (Bruce)
6770 Overhaul initdb process (Tom, Peter E)
6771 Overhaul of inherited tables; inherited tables now accessed by default;
6772 new ONLY key word prevents it (Chris Bitmead, Tom)
6773 ODBC cleanups/improvements (Nick Gorham, Stephan Szabo, Zoltan Kovacs,
6775 Allow renaming of temp tables (Tom)
6776 Overhaul memory manager contexts (Tom)
6777 pg_dumpall uses CREATE USER or CREATE GROUP rather using COPY (Peter E)
6778 Overhaul pg_dump (Philip Warner)
6779 Allow pg_hba.conf secondary password file to specify only username (Peter E)
6780 Allow TEMPORARY or TEMP key word when creating temporary tables (Bruce)
6781 New memory leak checker (Karel)
6782 New SET SESSION CHARACTERISTICS (Thomas)
6783 Allow nested block comments (Thomas)
6784 Add WITHOUT TIME ZONE type qualifier (Thomas)
6785 New ALTER TABLE ADD CONSTRAINT (Stephan)
6786 Use NUMERIC accumulators for INTEGER aggregates (Tom)
6787 Overhaul aggregate code (Tom)
6788 New VARIANCE and STDDEV() aggregates
6789 Improve dependency ordering of pg_dump (Philip)
6790 New pg_restore command (Philip)
6791 New pg_dump tar output option (Philip)
6792 New pg_dump of large objects (Philip)
6793 New ESCAPE option to LIKE (Thomas)
6794 New case-insensitive LIKE - ILIKE (Thomas)
6795 Allow functional indexes to use binary-compatible type (Tom)
6796 Allow SQL functions to be used in more contexts (Tom)
6797 New pg_config utility (Peter E)
6798 New PL/pgSQL EXECUTE command which allows dynamic SQL and utility statements
6800 New PL/pgSQL GET DIAGNOSTICS statement for SPI value access (Jan)
6801 New quote_identifiers() and quote_literal() functions (Jan)
6802 New ALTER TABLE table OWNER TO user command (Mark Hollomon)
6803 Allow subselects in FROM, i.e. FROM (SELECT ...) [AS] alias (Tom)
6804 Update PyGreSQL to version 3.1 (D'Arcy)
6805 Store tables as files named by OID (Vadim)
6806 New SQL function setval(seq,val,bool) for use in pg_dump (Philip)
6807 Require DROP VIEW to remove views, no DROP TABLE (Mark)
6808 Allow DROP VIEW view1, view2 (Mark)
6809 Allow multiple objects in DROP INDEX, DROP RULE, and DROP TYPE (Tom)
6810 Allow automatic conversion to/from Unicode (Tatsuo, Eiji)
6811 New /contrib/pgcrypto hashing functions (Marko Kreen)
6812 New pg_dumpall --globals-only option (Peter E)
6813 New CHECKPOINT command for WAL which creates new WAL log file (Vadim)
6814 New AT TIME ZONE syntax (Thomas)
6815 Allow location of Unix domain socket to be configurable (David J. MacKenzie)
6816 Allow postmaster to listen on a specific IP address (David J. MacKenzie)
6817 Allow socket path name to be specified in hostname by using leading slash
6818 (David J. MacKenzie)
6819 Allow CREATE DATABASE to specify template database (Tom)
6820 New utility to convert MySQL schema dumps to SQL92 and PostgreSQL (Thomas)
6821 New /contrib/rserv replication toolkit (Vadim)
6822 New file format for COPY BINARY (Tom)
6823 New /contrib/oid2name to map numeric files to table names (B Palmer)
6824 New "idle in transaction" ps status message (Marc)
6825 Update to pgaccess 0.98.7 (Constantin Teodorescu)
6826 pg_ctl now defaults to -w (wait) on shutdown, new -l (log) option
6827 Add rudimentary dependency checking to pg_dump (Philip)
6831 Fix INET/CIDR type ordering and add new functions (Tom)
6832 Make OID behave as an unsigned type (Tom)
6833 Allow BIGINT as synonym for INT8 (Peter E)
6834 New int2 and int8 comparison operators (Tom)
6835 New BIT and BIT VARYING types (Adriaan Joubert, Tom, Peter E)
6836 CHAR() no longer faster than VARCHAR() because of TOAST (Tom)
6837 New GIST seg/cube examples (Gene Selkov)
6838 Improved round(numeric) handling (Tom)
6839 Fix CIDR output formatting (Tom)
6840 New CIDR abbrev() function (Tom)
6844 Write-Ahead Log (WAL) to provide crash recovery with less performance
6846 ANALYZE stage of VACUUM no longer exclusively locks table (Bruce)
6847 Reduced file seeks (Denis Perchine)
6848 Improve BTREE code for duplicate keys (Tom)
6849 Store all large objects in a single table (Denis Perchine, Tom)
6850 Improve memory allocation performance (Karel, Tom)
6854 New function manager call conventions (Tom)
6855 SGI portability fixes (David Kaelbling)
6856 New configure --enable-syslog option (Peter E)
6857 New BSDI README (Bruce)
6858 configure script moved to top level, not /src (Peter E)
6859 Makefile/configuration/compilation overhaul (Peter E)
6860 New configure --with-python option (Peter E)
6861 Solaris cleanups (Peter E)
6862 Overhaul /contrib Makefiles (Karel)
6863 New OpenSSL configuration option (Magnus, Peter E)
6865 QNX fixes (Maurizio)
6866 New heap_open(), heap_openr() API (Tom)
6867 Remove colon and semi-colon operators (Thomas)
6868 New pg_class.relkind value for views (Mark Hollomon)
6869 Rename ichar() to chr() (Karel)
6870 New documentation for btrim(), ascii(), chr(), repeat() (Karel)
6871 Fixes for NT/Cygwin (Pete Forman)
6872 AIX port fixes (Andreas)
6873 New BeOS port (David Reid, Cyril Velter)
6874 Add proofreader's changes to docs (Addison-Wesley, Bruce)
6875 New Alpha spinlock code (Adriaan Joubert, Compaq)
6876 UnixWare port overhaul (Peter E)
6877 New Darwin/MacOS X port (Peter Bierman, Bruce Hartzler)
6878 New FreeBSD Alpha port (Alfred)
6879 Overhaul shared memory segments (Tom)
6880 Add IBM S/390 support (Neale Ferguson)
6881 Moved macmanuf to /contrib (Larry Rosenman)
6882 Syslog improvements (Larry Rosenman)
6883 New template0 database that contains no user additions (Tom)
6884 New /contrib/cube and /contrib/seg GIST sample code (Gene Selkov)
6885 Allow NetBSD's libedit instead of readline (Peter)
6886 Improved assembly language source code format (Bruce)
6887 New contrib/pg_logger
6888 New --template option to createdb
6889 New contrib/pg_control utility (Oliver)
6890 New FreeBSD tools ipc_check, start-scripts/freebsd
6897 <sect1 id="release-7-0-3">
6898 <title>Release 7.0.3</title>
6901 <title>Release date</title>
6902 <simpara>2000-11-11</simpara>
6906 This has a variety of fixes from 7.0.2.
6911 <title>Migration to version 7.0.3</title>
6914 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
6920 <title>Changes</title>
6925 Large object fix (Tom)
6926 Fix lean in COPY WITH OIDS leak (Tom)
6927 Fix backwards-index-scan (Tom)
6928 Fix SELECT ... FOR UPDATE so it checks for duplicate keys (Hiroshi)
6929 Add --enable-syslog to configure (Marc)
6930 Fix abort transaction at backend exit in rare cases (Tom)
6931 Fix for psql \l+ when multibyte enabled (Tatsuo)
6932 Allow PL/pgSQL to accept non ascii identifiers (Tatsuo)
6933 Make vacuum always flush buffers (Tom)
6934 Fix to allow cancel while waiting for a lock (Hiroshi)
6935 Fix for memory aloocation problem in user authentication code (Tom)
6936 Remove bogus use of int4out() (Tom)
6937 Fixes for multiple subqueries in COALESCE or BETWEEN (Tom)
6938 Fix for failure of triggers on heap open in certain cases (Jeroen van
6940 Fix for erroneous selectivity of not-equals (Tom)
6941 Fix for erroneous use of strcmp() (Tom)
6942 Fix for bug where storage manager accesses items beyond end of file
6944 Fix to include kernel errno message in all smgr elog messages (Tom)
6945 Fix for '.' not in PATH at build time (SL Baur)
6946 Fix for out-of-file-descriptors error (Tom)
6947 Fix to make pg_dump dump 'iscachable' flag for functions (Tom)
6948 Fix for subselect in targetlist of Append node (Tom)
6949 Fix for mergejoin plans (Tom)
6950 Fix TRUNCATE failure on relations with indexes (Tom)
6951 Avoid database-wide restart on write error (Hiroshi)
6952 Fix nodeMaterial to honor chgParam by recomputing its output (Tom)
6953 Fix VACUUM problem with moving chain of update row versions when source
6954 and destination of a row version lie on the same page (Tom)
6955 Fix user.c CommandCounterIncrement (Tom)
6956 Fix for AM/PM boundary problem in to_char() (Karel Zak)
6957 Fix TIME aggregate handling (Tom)
6958 Fix to_char() to avoid coredump on NULL input (Tom)
6960 Fix for inserting/copying longer multibyte strings into char() data
6962 Fix for crash of backend, on abort (Tom)
6969 <sect1 id="release-7-0-2">
6970 <title>Release 7.0.2</title>
6973 <title>Release date</title>
6974 <simpara>2000-06-05</simpara>
6978 This is a repackaging of 7.0.1 with added documentation.
6983 <title>Migration to version 7.0.2</title>
6986 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
6992 <title>Changes</title>
6996 Added documentation to tarball.
7003 <sect1 id="release-7-0-1">
7004 <title>Release 7.0.1</title>
7007 <title>Release date</title>
7008 <simpara>2000-06-01</simpara>
7012 This is a cleanup release for 7.0.
7016 <title>Migration to version 7.0.1</title>
7019 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
7025 <title>Changes</title>
7029 Fix many CLUSTER failures (Tom)
7030 Allow ALTER TABLE RENAME works on indexes (Tom)
7031 Fix plpgsql to handle datetime->timestamp and timespan->interval (Bruce)
7032 New configure --with-setproctitle switch to use setproctitle() (Marc, Bruce)
7033 Fix the off by one errors in ResultSet from 6.5.3, and more.
7034 jdbc ResultSet fixes (Joseph Shraibman)
7035 optimizer tunings (Tom)
7036 Fix create user for pgaccess
7037 Fix for UNLISTEN failure
7038 IRIX fixes (David Kaelbling)
7039 QNX fixes (Andreas Kardos)
7040 Reduce COPY IN lock level (Tom)
7041 Change libpqeasy to use PQconnectdb() style parameters (Bruce)
7042 Fix pg_dump to handle OID indexes (Tom)
7043 Fix small memory leak (Tom)
7044 Solaris fix for createdb/dropdb (Tatsuo)
7045 Fix for non-blocking connections (Alfred Perlstein)
7046 Fix improper recovery after RENAME TABLE failures (Tom)
7047 Copy pg_ident.conf.sample into /lib directory in install (Bruce)
7048 Add SJIS UDC (NEC selection IBM kanji) support (Eiji Tokuya)
7049 Fix too long syslog message (Tatsuo)
7050 Fix problem with quoted indexes that are too long (Tom)
7051 JDBC ResultSet.getTimestamp() fix (Gregory Krasnow & Floyd Marinescu)
7052 ecpg changes (Michael)
7058 <sect1 id="release-7-0">
7059 <title>Release 7.0</title>
7062 <title>Release date</title>
7063 <simpara>2000-05-08</simpara>
7067 This release contains improvements in many areas, demonstrating
7068 the continued growth of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
7069 There are more improvements and fixes in 7.0 than in any previous
7070 release. The developers have confidence that this is the best
7071 release yet; we do our best to put out only solid releases, and
7072 this one is no exception.
7076 Major changes in this release:
7085 Foreign keys are now implemented, with the exception of PARTIAL MATCH
7086 foreign keys. Many users have been asking for this feature, and we are
7087 pleased to offer it.
7098 Continuing on work started a year ago, the optimizer has been
7099 improved, allowing better query plan selection and faster performance
7100 with less memory usage.
7107 Updated <application>psql</application>
7111 <application>psql</application>, our interactive terminal monitor, has been
7112 updated with a variety of new features. See the <application>psql</application> manual page for details.
7123 SQL92 join syntax is now supported, though only as
7124 <literal>INNER JOIN</> for this release. <literal>JOIN</>,
7125 <literal>NATURAL JOIN</>, <literal>JOIN</>/<literal>USING</>,
7126 and <literal>JOIN</>/<literal>ON</> are available, as are
7127 column correlation names.
7135 <title>Migration to version 7.0</title>
7138 A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application>
7139 is required for those wishing to migrate data from any
7140 previous release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
7141 For those upgrading from 6.5.*, you may instead use
7142 <application>pg_upgrade</application> to upgrade to this
7143 release; however, a full dump/reload installation is always the
7144 most robust method for upgrades.
7148 Interface and compatibility issues to consider for the new
7154 The date/time types <type>datetime</type> and
7155 <type>timespan</type> have been superseded by the
7156 SQL92-defined types <type>timestamp</type> and
7157 <type>interval</type>. Although there has been some effort to
7158 ease the transition by allowing
7159 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> to recognize
7160 the deprecated type names and translate them to the new type
7161 names, this mechanism may not be completely transparent to
7162 your existing application.
7168 The optimizer has been substantially improved in the area of
7169 query cost estimation. In some cases, this will result in
7170 decreased query times as the optimizer makes a better choice
7171 for the preferred plan. However, in a small number of cases,
7172 usually involving pathological distributions of data, your
7173 query times may go up. If you are dealing with large amounts
7174 of data, you may want to check your queries to verify
7181 The <acronym>JDBC</acronym> and <acronym>ODBC</acronym>
7182 interfaces have been upgraded and extended.
7188 The string function <function>CHAR_LENGTH</function> is now a
7189 native function. Previous versions translated this into a call
7190 to <function>LENGTH</function>, which could result in
7191 ambiguity with other types implementing
7192 <function>LENGTH</function> such as the geometric types.
7201 <title>Changes</title>
7207 Prevent function calls exceeding maximum number of arguments (Tom)
7208 Improve CASE construct (Tom)
7209 Fix SELECT coalesce(f1,0) FROM int4_tbl GROUP BY f1 (Tom)
7210 Fix SELECT sentence.words[0] FROM sentence GROUP BY sentence.words[0] (Tom)
7211 Fix GROUP BY scan bug (Tom)
7212 Improvements in SQL grammar processing (Tom)
7213 Fix for views involved in INSERT ... SELECT ... (Tom)
7214 Fix for SELECT a/2, a/2 FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY a/2 (Tom)
7215 Fix for subselects in INSERT ... SELECT (Tom)
7216 Prevent INSERT ... SELECT ... ORDER BY (Tom)
7217 Fixes for relations greater than 2GB, including vacuum
7218 Improve propagating system table changes to other backends (Tom)
7219 Improve propagating user table changes to other backends (Tom)
7220 Fix handling of temp tables in complex situations (Bruce, Tom)
7221 Allow table locking at table open, improving concurrent reliability (Tom)
7222 Properly quote sequence names in pg_dump (Ross J. Reedstrom)
7223 Prevent DROP DATABASE while others accessing
7224 Prevent any rows from being returned by GROUP BY if no rows processed (Tom)
7225 Fix SELECT COUNT(1) FROM table WHERE ...' if no rows matching WHERE (Tom)
7226 Fix pg_upgrade so it works for MVCC (Tom)
7227 Fix for SELECT ... WHERE x IN (SELECT ... HAVING SUM(x) > 1) (Tom)
7228 Fix for "f1 datetime DEFAULT 'now'" (Tom)
7229 Fix problems with CURRENT_DATE used in DEFAULT (Tom)
7230 Allow comment-only lines, and ;;; lines too. (Tom)
7231 Improve recovery after failed disk writes, disk full (Hiroshi)
7232 Fix cases where table is mentioned in FROM but not joined (Tom)
7233 Allow HAVING clause without aggregate functions (Tom)
7234 Fix for "--" comment and no trailing newline, as seen in perl interface
7235 Improve pg_dump failure error reports (Bruce)
7236 Allow sorts and hashes to exceed 2GB file sizes (Tom)
7237 Fix for pg_dump dumping of inherited rules (Tom)
7238 Fix for NULL handling comparisons (Tom)
7239 Fix inconsistent state caused by failed CREATE/DROP commands (Hiroshi)
7240 Fix for dbname with dash
7241 Prevent DROP INDEX from interfering with other backends (Tom)
7242 Fix file descriptor leak in verify_password()
7243 Fix for "Unable to identify an operator =$" problem
7244 Fix ODBC so no segfault if CommLog and Debug enabled (Dirk Niggemann)
7245 Fix for recursive exit call (Massimo)
7246 Fix for extra-long timezones (Jeroen van Vianen)
7247 Make pg_dump preserve primary key information (Peter E)
7248 Prevent databases with single quotes (Peter E)
7249 Prevent DROP DATABASE inside transaction (Peter E)
7250 ecpg memory leak fixes (Stephen Birch)
7251 Fix for SELECT null::text, SELECT int4fac(null) and SELECT 2 + (null) (Tom)
7252 Y2K timestamp fix (Massimo)
7253 Fix for VACUUM 'HEAP_MOVED_IN was not expected' errors (Tom)
7254 Fix for views with tables/columns containing spaces (Tom)
7255 Prevent privileges on indexes (Peter E)
7256 Fix for spinlock stuck problem when error is generated (Hiroshi)
7257 Fix ipcclean on Linux
7258 Fix handling of NULL constraint conditions (Tom)
7259 Fix memory leak in odbc driver (Nick Gorham)
7260 Fix for privilege check on UNION tables (Tom)
7261 Fix to allow SELECT 'a' LIKE 'a' (Tom)
7262 Fix for SELECT 1 + NULL (Tom)
7264 Fix log() on numeric type (Tom)
7265 Deprecate ':' and ';' operators
7266 Allow vacuum of temporary tables
7267 Disallow inherited columns with the same name as new columns
7268 Recover or force failure when disk space is exhausted (Hiroshi)
7269 Fix INSERT INTO ... SELECT with AS columns matching result columns
7270 Fix INSERT ... SELECT ... GROUP BY groups by target columns not source columns (Tom)
7271 Fix CREATE TABLE test (a char(5) DEFAULT text '', b int4) with INSERT (Tom)
7272 Fix UNION with LIMIT
7273 Fix CREATE TABLE x AS SELECT 1 UNION SELECT 2
7274 Fix CREATE TABLE test(col char(2) DEFAULT user)
7275 Fix mismatched types in CREATE TABLE ... DEFAULT
7276 Fix SELECT * FROM pg_class where oid in (0,-1)
7277 Fix SELECT COUNT('asdf') FROM pg_class WHERE oid=12
7278 Prevent user who can create databases can modifying pg_database table (Peter E)
7279 Fix btree to give a useful elog when key > 1/2 (page - overhead) (Tom)
7280 Fix INSERT of 0.0 into DECIMAL(4,4) field (Tom)
7284 New CLI interface include file sqlcli.h, based on SQL3/SQL98
7285 Remove all limits on query length, row length limit still exists (Tom)
7286 Update jdbc protocol to 2.0 (Jens Glaser <email>jens@jens.de</email>)
7287 Add TRUNCATE command to quickly truncate relation (Mike Mascari)
7288 Fix to give super user and createdb user proper update catalog rights (Peter E)
7289 Allow ecpg bool variables to have NULL values (Christof)
7290 Issue ecpg error if NULL value for variable with no NULL indicator (Christof)
7291 Allow ^C to cancel COPY command (Massimo)
7292 Add SET FSYNC and SHOW PG_OPTIONS commands(Massimo)
7293 Function name overloading for dynamically-loaded C functions (Frankpitt)
7294 Add CmdTuples() to libpq++(Vince)
7295 New CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER and SET CONSTRAINTS commands(Jan)
7296 Allow CREATE FUNCTION/WITH clause to be used for all language types
7297 configure --enable-debug adds -g (Peter E)
7298 configure --disable-debug removes -g (Peter E)
7299 Allow more complex default expressions (Tom)
7300 First real FOREIGN KEY constraint trigger functionality (Jan)
7301 Add FOREIGN KEY ... MATCH FULL ... ON DELETE CASCADE (Jan)
7302 Add FOREIGN KEY ... MATCH <unspecified> referential actions (Don Baccus)
7303 Allow WHERE restriction on ctid (physical heap location) (Hiroshi)
7304 Move pginterface from contrib to interface directory, rename to pgeasy (Bruce)
7305 Change pgeasy connectdb() parameter ordering (Bruce)
7306 Require SELECT DISTINCT target list to have all ORDER BY columns (Tom)
7307 Add Oracle's COMMENT ON command (Mike Mascari <email>mascarim@yahoo.com</email>)
7308 libpq's PQsetNoticeProcessor function now returns previous hook(Peter E)
7309 Prevent PQsetNoticeProcessor from being set to NULL (Peter E)
7310 Make USING in COPY optional (Bruce)
7311 Allow subselects in the target list (Tom)
7312 Allow subselects on the left side of comparison operators (Tom)
7313 New parallel regression test (Jan)
7314 Change backend-side COPY to write files with permissions 644 not 666 (Tom)
7315 Force permissions on PGDATA directory to be secure, even if it exists (Tom)
7316 Added psql LASTOID variable to return last inserted oid (Peter E)
7317 Allow concurrent vacuum and remove pg_vlock vacuum lock file (Tom)
7318 Add privilege check for vacuum (Peter E)
7319 New libpq functions to allow asynchronous connections: PQconnectStart(),
7320 PQconnectPoll(), PQresetStart(), PQresetPoll(), PQsetenvStart(),
7321 PQsetenvPoll(), PQsetenvAbort (Ewan Mellor)
7322 New libpq PQsetenv() function (Ewan Mellor)
7323 create/alter user extension (Peter E)
7324 New postmaster.pid and postmaster.opts under $PGDATA (Tatsuo)
7325 New scripts for create/drop user/db (Peter E)
7326 Major psql overhaul (Peter E)
7327 Add const to libpq interface (Peter E)
7328 New libpq function PQoidValue (Peter E)
7329 Show specific non-aggregate causing problem with GROUP BY (Tom)
7330 Make changes to pg_shadow recreate pg_pwd file (Peter E)
7331 Add aggregate(DISTINCT ...) (Tom)
7332 Allow flag to control COPY input/output of NULLs (Peter E)
7333 Make postgres user have a password by default (Peter E)
7334 Add CREATE/ALTER/DROP GROUP (Peter E)
7335 All administration scripts now support --long options (Peter E, Karel)
7336 Vacuumdb script now supports --all option (Peter E)
7337 ecpg new portable FETCH syntax
7338 Add ecpg EXEC SQL IFDEF, EXEC SQL IFNDEF, EXEC SQL ELSE, EXEC SQL ELIF
7339 and EXEC SQL ENDIF directives
7340 Add pg_ctl script to control backend start-up (Tatsuo)
7341 Add postmaster.opts.default file to store start-up flags (Tatsuo)
7342 Allow --with-mb=SQL_ASCII
7343 Increase maximum number of index keys to 16 (Bruce)
7344 Increase maximum number of function arguments to 16 (Bruce)
7345 Allow configuration of maximum number of index keys and arguments (Bruce)
7346 Allow unprivileged users to change their passwords (Peter E)
7347 Password authentication enabled; required for new users (Peter E)
7348 Disallow dropping a user who owns a database (Peter E)
7349 Change initdb option --with-mb to --enable-multibyte
7350 Add option for initdb to prompts for superuser password (Peter E)
7351 Allow complex type casts like col::numeric(9,2) and col::int2::float8 (Tom)
7352 Updated user interfaces on initdb, initlocation, pg_dump, ipcclean (Peter E)
7353 New pg_char_to_encoding() and pg_encoding_to_char() functions (Tatsuo)
7354 libpq non-blocking mode (Alfred Perlstein)
7355 Improve conversion of types in casts that don't specify a length
7356 New plperl internal programming language (Mark Hollomon)
7357 Allow COPY IN to read file that do not end with a newline (Tom)
7358 Indicate when long identifiers are truncated (Tom)
7359 Allow aggregates to use type equivalency (Peter E)
7360 Add Oracle's to_char(), to_date(), to_datetime(), to_timestamp(), to_number()
7361 conversion functions (Karel Zak <zakkr@zf.jcu.cz>)
7362 Add SELECT DISTINCT ON (expr [, expr ...]) targetlist ... (Tom)
7363 Check to be sure ORDER BY is compatible with the DISTINCT operation (Tom)
7364 Add NUMERIC and int8 types to ODBC
7365 Improve EXPLAIN results for Append, Group, Agg, Unique (Tom)
7366 Add ALTER TABLE ... ADD FOREIGN KEY (Stephan Szabo)
7367 Allow SELECT .. FOR UPDATE in PL/pgSQL (Hiroshi)
7368 Enable backward sequential scan even after reaching EOF (Hiroshi)
7369 Add btree indexing of boolean values, >= and <= (Don Baccus)
7370 Print current line number when COPY FROM fails (Massimo)
7371 Recognize POSIX time zone e.g. "PST+8" and "GMT-8" (Thomas)
7372 Add DEC as synonym for DECIMAL (Thomas)
7373 Add SESSION_USER as SQL92 key word, same as CURRENT_USER (Thomas)
7374 Implement SQL92 column aliases (aka correlation names) (Thomas)
7375 Implement SQL92 join syntax (Thomas)
7376 Make INTERVAL reserved word allowed as a column identifier (Thomas)
7377 Implement REINDEX command (Hiroshi)
7378 Accept ALL in aggregate function SUM(ALL col) (Tom)
7379 Prevent GROUP BY from using column aliases (Tom)
7380 New psql \encoding option (Tatsuo)
7381 Allow PQrequestCancel() to terminate when in waiting-for-lock state (Hiroshi)
7382 Allow negation of a negative number in all cases
7383 Add ecpg descriptors (Christof, Michael)
7384 Allow CREATE VIEW v AS SELECT f1::char(8) FROM tbl
7385 Allow casts with length, like foo::char(8)
7386 New libpq functions PQsetClientEncoding(), PQclientEncoding() (Tatsuo)
7387 Add support for SJIS user defined characters (Tatsuo)
7388 Larger views/rules supported
7389 Make libpq's PQconndefaults() thread-safe (Tom)
7390 Disable // as comment to be ANSI conforming, should use -- (Tom)
7391 Allow column aliases on views CREATE VIEW name (collist)
7392 Fixes for views with subqueries (Tom)
7393 Allow UPDATE table SET fld = (SELECT ...) (Tom)
7394 SET command options no longer require quotes
7395 Update pgaccess to 0.98.6
7396 New SET SEED command
7397 New pg_options.sample file
7398 New SET FSYNC command (Massimo)
7399 Allow pg_descriptions when creating tables
7400 Allow pg_descriptions when creating types, columns, and functions
7401 Allow psql \copy to allow delimiters (Peter E)
7402 Allow psql to print nulls as distinct from "" [null] (Peter E)
7406 Many array fixes (Tom)
7407 Allow bare column names to be subscripted as arrays (Tom)
7408 Improve type casting of int and float constants (Tom)
7409 Cleanups for int8 inputs, range checking, and type conversion (Tom)
7410 Fix for SELECT timespan('21:11:26'::time) (Tom)
7411 netmask('x.x.x.x/0') is 255.255.255.255 instead of 0.0.0.0 (Oleg Sharoiko)
7412 Add btree index on NUMERIC (Jan)
7413 Perl fix for large objects containing NUL characters (Douglas Thomson)
7414 ODBC fix for for large objects (free)
7415 Fix indexing of cidr data type
7416 Fix for Ethernet MAC addresses (macaddr type) comparisons
7417 Fix for date/time types when overflows happened in computations (Tom)
7418 Allow array on int8 (Peter E)
7419 Fix for rounding/overflow of NUMERIC type, like NUMERIC(4,4) (Tom)
7420 Allow NUMERIC arrays
7421 Fix bugs in NUMERIC ceil() and floor() functions (Tom)
7422 Make char_length()/octet_length including trailing blanks (Tom)
7423 Made abstime/reltime use int4 instead of time_t (Peter E)
7424 New lztext data type for compressed text fields
7425 Revise code to handle coercion of int and float constants (Tom)
7426 Start at new code to implement a BIT and BIT VARYING type (Adriaan Joubert)
7427 NUMERIC now accepts scientific notation (Tom)
7428 NUMERIC to int4 rounds (Tom)
7429 Convert float4/8 to NUMERIC properly (Tom)
7430 Allow type conversion with NUMERIC (Thomas)
7431 Make ISO date style (2000-02-16 09:33) the default (Thomas)
7432 Add NATIONAL CHAR [ VARYING ] (Thomas)
7433 Allow NUMERIC round and trunc to accept negative scales (Tom)
7434 New TIME WITH TIME ZONE type (Thomas)
7435 Add MAX()/MIN() on time type (Thomas)
7436 Add abs(), mod(), fac() for int8 (Thomas)
7437 Rename functions to round(), sqrt(), cbrt(), pow() for float8 (Thomas)
7438 Add transcendental math functions (e.g. sin(), acos()) for float8 (Thomas)
7439 Add exp() and ln() for NUMERIC type
7440 Rename NUMERIC power() to pow() (Thomas)
7441 Improved TRANSLATE() function (Edwin Ramirez, Tom)
7442 Allow X=-Y operators (Tom)
7443 Allow SELECT float8(COUNT(*))/(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM t) FROM t GROUP BY f1; (Tom)
7444 Allow LOCALE to use indexes in regular expression searches (Tom)
7445 Allow creation of functional indexes to use default types
7449 Prevent exponential space consumption with many AND's and OR's (Tom)
7450 Collect attribute selectivity values for system columns (Tom)
7451 Reduce memory usage of aggregates (Tom)
7452 Fix for LIKE optimization to use indexes with multibyte encodings (Tom)
7453 Fix r-tree index optimizer selectivity (Thomas)
7454 Improve optimizer selectivity computations and functions (Tom)
7455 Optimize btree searching for cases where many equal keys exist (Tom)
7456 Enable fast LIKE index processing only if index present (Tom)
7457 Re-use free space on index pages with duplicates (Tom)
7458 Improve hash join processing (Tom)
7459 Prevent descending sort if result is already sorted(Hiroshi)
7460 Allow commuting of index scan query qualifications (Tom)
7461 Prefer index scans in cases where ORDER BY/GROUP BY is required (Tom)
7462 Allocate large memory requests in fix-sized chunks for performance (Tom)
7463 Fix vacuum's performance by reducing memory allocation requests (Tom)
7464 Implement constant-expression simplification (Bernard Frankpitt, Tom)
7465 Use secondary columns to be used to determine start of index scan (Hiroshi)
7466 Prevent quadruple use of disk space when doing internal sorting (Tom)
7467 Faster sorting by calling fewer functions (Tom)
7468 Create system indexes to match all system caches (Bruce, Hiroshi)
7469 Make system caches use system indexes (Bruce)
7470 Make all system indexes unique (Bruce)
7471 Improve pg_statistics management for VACUUM speed improvement (Tom)
7472 Flush backend cache less frequently (Tom, Hiroshi)
7473 COPY now reuses previous memory allocation, improving performance (Tom)
7474 Improve optimization cost estimation (Tom)
7475 Improve optimizer estimate of range queries x > lowbound AND x < highbound (Tom)
7476 Use DNF instead of CNF where appropriate (Tom, Taral)
7477 Further cleanup for OR-of-AND WHERE-clauses (Tom)
7478 Make use of index in OR clauses (x = 1 AND y = 2) OR (x = 2 AND y = 4) (Tom)
7479 Smarter optimizer computations for random index page access (Tom)
7480 New SET variable to control optimizer costs (Tom)
7481 Optimizer queries based on LIMIT, OFFSET, and EXISTS qualifications (Tom)
7482 Reduce optimizer internal housekeeping of join paths for speedup (Tom)
7483 Major subquery speedup (Tom)
7484 Fewer fsync writes when fsync is not disabled (Tom)
7485 Improved LIKE optimizer estimates (Tom)
7486 Prevent fsync in SELECT-only queries (Vadim)
7487 Make index creation use psort code, because it is now faster (Tom)
7488 Allow creation of sort temp tables > 1 Gig
7492 Fix for linux PPC compile
7493 New generic expression-tree-walker subroutine (Tom)
7494 Change form() to varargform() to prevent portability problems
7495 Improved range checking for large integers on Alphas
7496 Clean up #include in /include directory (Bruce)
7497 Add scripts for checking includes (Bruce)
7498 Remove un-needed #include's from *.c files (Bruce)
7499 Change #include's to use <> and "" as appropriate (Bruce)
7500 Enable Windows compilation of libpq
7501 Alpha spinlock fix from Uncle George <email>gatgul@voicenet.com</email>
7502 Overhaul of optimizer data structures (Tom)
7503 Fix to cygipc library (Yutaka Tanida)
7504 Allow pgsql to work on newer Cygwin snapshots (Dan)
7505 New catalog version number (Tom)
7507 Rename heap_replace to heap_update
7508 Update for QNX (Dr. Andreas Kardos)
7509 New platform-specific regression handling (Tom)
7510 Rename oid8 -> oidvector and int28 -> int2vector (Bruce)
7511 Included all yacc and lex files into the distribution (Peter E.)
7512 Remove lextest, no longer needed (Peter E)
7513 Fix for libpq and psql on Windows (Magnus)
7514 Internally change datetime and timespan into timestamp and interval (Thomas)
7515 Fix for plpgsql on BSD/OS
7516 Add SQL_ASCII test case to the regression test (Tatsuo)
7517 configure --with-mb now deprecated (Tatsuo)
7519 NetBSD fixes (Johnny C. Lam <email>lamj@stat.cmu.edu</email>)
7520 Fixes for Alpha compiles
7521 New multibyte encodings
7527 <sect1 id="release-6-5-3">
7528 <title>Release 6.5.3</title>
7531 <title>Release date</title>
7532 <simpara>1999-10-13</simpara>
7536 This is basically a cleanup release for 6.5.2. We have added a new
7537 <application>PgAccess</> that was missing in 6.5.2, and installed an NT-specific fix.
7542 <title>Migration to version 6.5.3</title>
7545 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
7550 <title>Changes</title>
7554 Updated version of pgaccess 0.98
7556 Fix dumping rules on inherited tables
7563 <sect1 id="release-6-5-2">
7564 <title>Release 6.5.2</title>
7567 <title>Release date</title>
7568 <simpara>1999-09-15</simpara>
7572 This is basically a cleanup release for 6.5.1. We have fixed a variety of
7573 problems reported by 6.5.1 users.
7578 <title>Migration to version 6.5.2</title>
7581 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
7587 <title>Changes</title>
7591 subselect+CASE fixes(Tom)
7592 Add SHLIB_LINK setting for solaris_i386 and solaris_sparc ports(Daren Sefcik)
7593 Fixes for CASE in WHERE join clauses(Tom)
7594 Fix BTScan abort(Tom)
7595 Repair the check for redundant UNIQUE and PRIMARY KEY indexes(Thomas)
7596 Improve it so that it checks for multicolumn constraints(Thomas)
7597 Fix for Windows making problem with MB enabled(Hiroki Kataoka)
7598 Allow BSD yacc and bison to compile pl code(Bruce)
7599 Fix SET NAMES working
7601 Fix vacuum's memory consumption(Hiroshi,Tatsuo)
7602 Reduce the total memory consumption of vacuum(Tom)
7603 Fix for timestamp(datetime)
7604 Rule deparsing bugfixes(Tom)
7605 Fix quoting problems in mkMakefile.tcldefs.sh.in and mkMakefile.tkdefs.sh.in(Tom)
7606 This is to re-use space on index pages freed by vacuum(Vadim)
7607 document -x for pg_dump(Bruce)
7608 Fix for unary operators in rule deparser(Tom)
7609 Comment out FileUnlink of excess segments during mdtruncate()(Tom)
7610 IRIX linking fix from Yu Cao >yucao@falcon.kla-tencor.com<
7611 Repair logic error in LIKE: should not return LIKE_ABORT
7612 when reach end of pattern before end of text(Tom)
7613 Repair incorrect cleanup of heap memory allocation during transaction abort(Tom)
7614 Updated version of pgaccess 0.98
7620 <sect1 id="release-6-5-1">
7621 <title>Release 6.5.1</title>
7624 <title>Release date</title>
7625 <simpara>1999-07-15</simpara>
7629 This is basically a cleanup release for 6.5. We have fixed a variety of
7630 problems reported by 6.5 users.
7634 <title>Migration to version 6.5.1</title>
7637 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
7643 <title>Changes</title>
7648 Portability fixes for linux_ppc, IRIX, linux_alpha, OpenBSD, alpha
7649 Remove QUERY_LIMIT, use SELECT...LIMIT
7650 Fix for EXPLAIN on inheritance(Tom)
7651 Patch to allow vacuum on multisegment tables(Hiroshi)
7652 R-Tree optimizer selectivity fix(Tom)
7653 ACL file descriptor leak fix(Atsushi Ogawa)
7654 New expresssion subtree code(Tom)
7655 Avoid disk writes for read-only transactions(Vadim)
7656 Fix for removal of temp tables if last transaction was aborted(Bruce)
7657 Fix to prevent too large row from being created(Bruce)
7659 Allow port numbers 32k - 64k(Bruce)
7660 Add ^ precidence(Bruce)
7661 Rename sort files called pg_temp to pg_sorttemp(Bruce)
7662 Fix for microseconds in time values(Tom)
7663 Tutorial source cleanup
7665 Fix for sorting of NULL's in some cases(Tom)
7666 Shared library dependencies fixed (Tom)
7667 Fixed glitches affecting GROUP BY in subselects(Tom)
7668 Fix some compiler warnings (Tomoaki Nishiyama)
7669 Add Win1250 (Czech) support (Pavel Behal)
7675 <sect1 id="release-6-5">
7676 <title>Release 6.5</title>
7679 <title>Release date</title>
7680 <simpara>1999-06-09</simpara>
7684 This release marks a major step in the development team's mastery of the source
7685 code we inherited from Berkeley. You will see we are now easily adding
7686 major features, thanks to the increasing size and experience of our
7687 world-wide development team.
7691 Here is a brief summary of the more notable changes:
7696 Multiversion concurrency control(MVCC)
7700 This removes our old table-level locking, and replaces it with
7701 a locking system that is superior to most commercial database
7702 systems. In a traditional system, each row that is modified
7703 is locked until committed, preventing reads by other users.
7704 MVCC uses the natural multiversion nature of
7705 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> to allow readers to
7706 continue reading consistent data during writer activity.
7707 Writers continue to use the compact pg_log transaction system.
7708 This is all performed without having to allocate a lock for
7709 every row like traditional database systems. So, basically,
7710 we no longer are restricted by simple table-level locking; we
7711 have something better than row-level locking.
7718 Hot backups from <application>pg_dump</application>
7722 <application>pg_dump</application> takes advantage of the new
7723 MVCC features to give a consistent database dump/backup while
7724 the database stays online and available for queries.
7735 We now have a true numeric data type, with
7736 user-specified precision.
7747 Temporary tables are guaranteed to have unique names
7748 within a database session, and are destroyed on session exit.
7759 We now have CASE, INTERSECT, and EXCEPT statement
7760 support. We have new LIMIT/OFFSET, SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL,
7761 SELECT ... FOR UPDATE, and an improved LOCK TABLE command.
7772 We continue to speed up <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>,
7773 thanks to the variety of talents within our team. We have
7774 sped up memory allocation, optimization, table joins, and row
7786 We continue to expand our port list, this time including
7787 <systemitem class="osname">Windows NT</>/<systemitem>ix86</> and <systemitem class="osname">NetBSD</>/<systemitem>arm32</>.
7798 Most interfaces have new versions, and existing functionality
7810 New and updated material is present throughout the
7811 documentation. New <acronym>FAQ</acronym>s have been
7812 contributed for <systemitem class="osname">SGI</> and <systemitem class="osname">AIX</> platforms.
7813 The <citetitle>Tutorial</citetitle> has introductory information
7814 on <acronym>SQL</acronym> from Stefan Simkovics.
7815 For the <citetitle>User's Guide</citetitle>, there are
7816 reference pages covering the postmaster and more utility
7817 programs, and a new appendix
7818 contains details on date/time behavior.
7819 The <citetitle>Administrator's Guide</citetitle> has a new
7820 chapter on troubleshooting from Tom Lane.
7821 And the <citetitle>Programmer's Guide</citetitle> has a
7822 description of query processing, also from Stefan, and details
7823 on obtaining the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> source
7824 tree via anonymous <productname>CVS</productname> and
7825 <productname>CVSup</productname>.
7833 <title>Migration to version 6.5</title>
7836 A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application>
7837 is required for those wishing to migrate data from any
7838 previous release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
7839 <application>pg_upgrade</application> can <emphasis>not</emphasis>
7840 be used to upgrade to this release because the on-disk structure
7841 of the tables has changed compared to previous releases.
7845 The new Multiversion Concurrency Control (MVCC) features can
7846 give somewhat different behaviors in multiuser
7847 environments. <emphasis>Read and understand the following section
7848 to ensure that your existing applications will give you the
7849 behavior you need.</emphasis>
7853 <title>Multiversion Concurrency Control</title>
7856 Because readers in 6.5 don't lock data, regardless of transaction
7857 isolation level, data read by one transaction can be overwritten by
7858 another. In other words, if a row is returned by
7859 <command>SELECT</command> it doesn't mean that this row really exists
7860 at the time it is returned (i.e. sometime after the statement or
7861 transaction began) nor that the row is protected from being deleted or
7862 updated by concurrent transactions before the current transaction does
7863 a commit or rollback.
7867 To ensure the actual existence of a row and protect it against
7868 concurrent updates one must use <command>SELECT FOR UPDATE</command> or
7869 an appropriate <command>LOCK TABLE</command> statement. This should be
7870 taken into account when porting applications from previous releases of
7871 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> and other environments.
7875 Keep the above in mind if you are using
7876 <filename>contrib/refint.*</filename> triggers for
7877 referential integrity. Additional techniques are required now. One way is
7878 to use <command>LOCK parent_table IN SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE MODE</command>
7879 command if a transaction is going to update/delete a primary key and
7880 use <command>LOCK parent_table IN SHARE MODE</command> command if a
7881 transaction is going to update/insert a foreign key.
7885 Note that if you run a transaction in SERIALIZABLE mode then you must
7886 execute the <command>LOCK</command> commands above before execution of any
7887 <acronym>DML</acronym> statement
7888 (<command>SELECT/INSERT/DELETE/UPDATE/FETCH/COPY_TO</command>) in the
7895 These inconveniences will disappear in the future
7896 when the ability to read dirty
7897 (uncommitted) data (regardless of isolation level) and true referential
7898 integrity will be implemented.
7904 <title>Changes</title>
7910 Fix text<->float8 and text<->float4 conversion functions(Thomas)
7911 Fix for creating tables with mixed-case constraints(Billy)
7912 Change exp()/pow() behavior to generate error on underflow/overflow(Jan)
7913 Fix bug in pg_dump -z
7914 Memory overrun cleanups(Tatsuo)
7915 Fix for lo_import crash(Tatsuo)
7916 Adjust handling of data type names to suppress double quotes(Thomas)
7917 Use type coercion for matching columns and DEFAULT(Thomas)
7918 Fix deadlock so it only checks once after one second of sleep(Bruce)
7919 Fixes for aggregates and PL/pgsql(Hiroshi)
7920 Fix for subquery crash(Vadim)
7921 Fix for libpq function PQfnumber and case-insensitive names(Bahman Rafatjoo)
7922 Fix for large object write-in-middle, no extra block, memory consumption(Tatsuo)
7923 Fix for pg_dump -d or -D and quote special characters in INSERT
7924 Repair serious problems with dynahash(Tom)
7925 Fix INET/CIDR portability problems
7926 Fix problem with selectivity error in ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN(Bruce)
7927 Fix executor so mergejoin of different column types works(Tom)
7928 Fix for Alpha OR selectivity bug
7929 Fix OR index selectivity problem(Bruce)
7930 Fix so \d shows proper length for char()/varchar()(Ryan)
7931 Fix tutorial code(Clark)
7932 Improve destroyuser checking(Oliver)
7933 Fix for Kerberos(Rodney McDuff)
7934 Fix for dropping database while dirty buffers(Bruce)
7935 Fix so sequence nextval() can be case-sensitive(Bruce)
7937 Drop buffers before destroying database files(Bruce)
7938 Fix case where executor evaluates functions twice(Tatsuo)
7939 Allow sequence nextval actions to be case-sensitive(Bruce)
7940 Fix optimizer indexing not working for negative numbers(Bruce)
7941 Fix for memory leak in executor with fjIsNull
7942 Fix for aggregate memory leaks(Erik Riedel)
7943 Allow user name containing a dash to grant privileges
7944 Cleanup of NULL in inet types
7945 Clean up system table bugs(Tom)
7946 Fix problems of PAGER and \? command(Masaaki Sakaida)
7947 Reduce default multisegment file size limit to 1GB(Peter)
7948 Fix for dumping of CREATE OPERATOR(Tom)
7949 Fix for backward scanning of cursors(Hiroshi Inoue)
7950 Fix for COPY FROM STDIN when using \i(Tom)
7951 Fix for subselect is compared inside an expression(Jan)
7952 Fix handling of error reporting while returning rows(Tom)
7953 Fix problems with reference to array types(Tom,Jan)
7954 Prevent UPDATE SET oid(Jan)
7955 Fix pg_dump so -t option can handle case-sensitive tablenames
7956 Fixes for GROUP BY in special cases(Tom, Jan)
7957 Fix for memory leak in failed queries(Tom)
7958 DEFAULT now supports mixed-case identifiers(Tom)
7959 Fix for multisegment uses of DROP/RENAME table, indexes(Ole Gjerde)
7960 Disable use of pg_dump with both -o and -d options(Bruce)
7961 Allow pg_dump to properly dump group privileges(Bruce)
7962 Fix GROUP BY in INSERT INTO table SELECT * FROM table2(Jan)
7963 Fix for computations in views(Jan)
7964 Fix for aggregates on array indexes(Tom)
7965 Fix for DEFAULT handles single quotes in value requiring too many quotes
7966 Fix security problem with non-super users importing/exporting large objects(Tom)
7967 Rollback of transaction that creates table cleaned up properly(Tom)
7968 Fix to allow long table and column names to generate proper serial names(Tom)
7972 Add "vacuumdb" utility
7973 Speed up libpq by allocating memory better(Tom)
7974 EXPLAIN all indexes used(Tom)
7975 Implement CASE, COALESCE, NULLIF expression(Thomas)
7976 New pg_dump table output format(Constantin)
7977 Add string min()/max() functions(Thomas)
7978 Extend new type coercion techniques to aggregates(Thomas)
7979 New moddatetime contrib(Terry)
7980 Update to pgaccess 0.96(Constantin)
7981 Add routines for single-byte "char" type(Thomas)
7982 Improved substr() function(Thomas)
7983 Improved multibyte handling(Tatsuo)
7984 Multiversion concurrency control/MVCC(Vadim)
7985 New Serialized mode(Vadim)
7986 Fix for tables over 2gigs(Peter)
7987 New SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL(Vadim)
7988 New LOCK TABLE IN ... MODE(Vadim)
7989 Update ODBC driver(Byron)
7990 New NUMERIC data type(Jan)
7991 New SELECT FOR UPDATE(Vadim)
7992 Handle "NaN" and "Infinity" for input values(Jan)
7993 Improved date/year handling(Thomas)
7994 Improved handling of backend connections(Magnus)
7995 New options ELOG_TIMESTAMPS and USE_SYSLOG options for log files(Massimo)
7996 New TCL_ARRAYS option(Massimo)
7997 New INTERSECT and EXCEPT(Stefan)
7998 New pg_index.indisprimary for primary key tracking(D'Arcy)
7999 New pg_dump option to allow dropping of tables before creation(Brook)
8000 Speedup of row output routines(Tom)
8001 New READ COMMITTED isolation level(Vadim)
8002 New TEMP tables/indexes(Bruce)
8003 Prevent sorting if result is already sorted(Jan)
8004 New memory allocation optimization(Jan)
8005 Allow psql to do \p\g(Bruce)
8006 Allow multiple rule actions(Jan)
8007 Added LIMIT/OFFSET functionality(Jan)
8008 Improve optimizer when joining a large number of tables(Bruce)
8009 New intro to SQL from S. Simkovics' Master's Thesis (Stefan, Thomas)
8010 New intro to backend processing from S. Simkovics' Master's Thesis (Stefan)
8011 Improved int8 support(Ryan Bradetich, Thomas, Tom)
8012 New routines to convert between int8 and text/varchar types(Thomas)
8013 New bushy plans, where meta-tables are joined(Bruce)
8014 Enable right-hand queries by default(Bruce)
8015 Allow reliable maximum number of backends to be set at configure time
8016 (--with-maxbackends and postmaster switch (-N backends))(Tom)
8017 GEQO default now 10 tables because of optimizer speedups(Tom)
8018 Allow NULL=Var for MS-SQL portability(Michael, Bruce)
8019 Modify contrib check_primary_key() so either "automatic" or "dependent"(Anand)
8020 Allow psql \d on a view show query(Ryan)
8021 Speedup for LIKE(Bruce)
8022 Ecpg fixes/features, see src/interfaces/ecpg/ChangeLog file(Michael)
8023 JDBC fixes/features, see src/interfaces/jdbc/CHANGELOG(Peter)
8024 Make % operator have precedence like /(Bruce)
8025 Add new postgres -O option to allow system table structure changes(Bruce)
8026 Update contrib/pginterface/findoidjoins script(Tom)
8027 Major speedup in vacuum of deleted rows with indexes(Vadim)
8028 Allow non-SQL functions to run different versions based on arguments(Tom)
8029 Add -E option that shows actual queries sent by \dt and friends(Masaaki Sakaida)
8030 Add version number in start-up banners for psql(Masaaki Sakaida)
8031 New contrib/vacuumlo removes large objects not referenced(Peter)
8032 New initialization for table sizes so non-vacuumed tables perform better(Tom)
8033 Improve error messages when a connection is rejected(Tom)
8034 Support for arrays of char() and varchar() fields(Massimo)
8035 Overhaul of hash code to increase reliability and performance(Tom)
8036 Update to PyGreSQL 2.4(D'Arcy)
8037 Changed debug options so -d4 and -d5 produce different node displays(Jan)
8038 New pg_options: pretty_plan, pretty_parse, pretty_rewritten(Jan)
8039 Better optimization statistics for system table access(Tom)
8040 Better handling of non-default block sizes(Massimo)
8041 Improve GEQO optimizer memory consumption(Tom)
8042 UNION now suppports ORDER BY of columns not in target list(Jan)
8043 Major libpq++ improvements(Vince Vielhaber)
8044 pg_dump now uses -z(ACL's) as default(Bruce)
8045 backend cache, memory speedups(Tom)
8046 have pg_dump do everything in one snapshot transaction(Vadim)
8047 fix for large object memory leakage, fix for pg_dumping(Tom)
8048 INET type now respects netmask for comparisons
8049 Make VACUUM ANALYZE only use a readlock(Vadim)
8050 Allow VIEWs on UNIONS(Jan)
8051 pg_dump now can generate consistent snapshots on active databases(Vadim)
8055 Improve port matching(Tom)
8056 Portability fixes for SunOS
8057 Add Windows NT backend port and enable dynamic loading(Magnus and Daniel Horak)
8058 New port to Cobalt Qube(Mips) running Linux(Tatsuo)
8059 Port to NetBSD/m68k(Mr. Mutsuki Nakajima)
8060 Port to NetBSD/sun3(Mr. Mutsuki Nakajima)
8061 Port to NetBSD/macppc(Toshimi Aoki)
8062 Fix for tcl/tk configuration(Vince)
8063 Removed CURRENT key word for rule queries(Jan)
8064 NT dynamic loading now works(Daniel Horak)
8065 Add ARM32 support(Andrew McMurry)
8066 Better support for HP-UX 11 and UnixWare
8067 Improve file handling to be more uniform, prevent file descriptor leak(Tom)
8068 New install commands for plpgsql(Jan)
8075 <sect1 id="release-6-4-2">
8076 <title>Release 6.4.2</title>
8079 <title>Release date</title>
8080 <simpara>1998-12-20</simpara>
8084 The 6.4.1 release was improperly packaged. This also has one additional
8090 <title>Migration to version 6.4.2</title>
8093 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
8098 <title>Changes</title>
8102 Fix for datetime constant problem on some platforms(Thomas)
8110 <sect1 id="release-6-4-1">
8111 <title>Release 6.4.1</title>
8114 <title>Release date</title>
8115 <simpara>1998-12-18</simpara>
8119 This is basically a cleanup release for 6.4. We have fixed a variety of
8120 problems reported by 6.4 users.
8125 <title>Migration to version 6.4.1</title>
8128 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
8133 <title>Changes</title>
8137 Add pg_dump -N flag to force double quotes around identifiers. This is
8139 Fix for NOT in where clause causing crash(Bruce)
8140 EXPLAIN VERBOSE coredump fix(Vadim)
8141 Fix shared-library problems on Linux
8142 Fix test for table existence to allow mixed-case and whitespace in
8143 the table name(Thomas)
8144 Fix a couple of pg_dump bugs
8145 Configure matches template/.similar entries better(Tom)
8146 Change builtin function names from SPI_* to spi_*
8147 OR WHERE clause fix(Vadim)
8148 Fixes for mixed-case table names(Billy)
8149 contrib/linux/postgres.init.csh/sh fix(Thomas)
8150 libpq memory overrun fix
8152 Change exp() behavior to generate error on underflow(Thomas)
8153 pg_dump fixes for memory leak, inheritance constraints, layout change
8154 update pgaccess to 0.93
8155 Fix prototype for 64-bit platforms
8156 Multibyte fixes(Tatsuo)
8158 Fix memory overruns(Tatsuo)
8159 Fix for lo_import() crash(Bruce)
8160 Better search for install program(Tom)
8163 Use implicit type coercion for matching DEFAULT values(Thomas)
8164 Add routines to help with single-byte (internal) character type(Thomas)
8165 Compilation of libpq for Windows fixes(Magnus)
8166 Upgrade to PyGreSQL 2.2(D'Arcy)
8174 <sect1 id="release-6-4">
8175 <title>Release 6.4</title>
8178 <title>Release date</title>
8179 <simpara>1998-10-30</simpara>
8183 There are <emphasis>many</emphasis> new features and improvements in this release.
8184 Thanks to our developers and maintainers, nearly every aspect of the system
8185 has received some attention since the previous release.
8186 Here is a brief, incomplete summary:
8191 Views and rules are now functional thanks to extensive new code in the
8192 rewrite rules system from Jan Wieck. He also wrote a chapter on it
8193 for the <citetitle>Programmer's Guide</citetitle>.
8198 Jan also contributed a second procedural language, <application>PL/pgSQL</application>, to go with the
8199 original <application>PL/pgTCL</application> procedural language he contributed last release.
8205 We have optional multiple-byte character set support from Tatsuo Ishii
8206 to complement our existing locale support.
8212 Client/server communications has been cleaned up, with better support for
8213 asynchronous messages and interrupts thanks to Tom Lane.
8219 The parser will now perform automatic type coercion to match arguments
8220 to available operators and functions, and to match columns and expressions
8221 with target columns. This uses a generic mechanism which supports
8222 the type extensibility features of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
8223 There is a new chapter in the <citetitle>User's Guide</citetitle>
8224 which covers this topic.
8230 Three new data types have been added.
8231 Two types, <type>inet</type> and <type>cidr</type>, support various forms
8232 of IP network, subnet, and machine addressing. There is now an 8-byte integer
8233 type available on some platforms. See the chapter on data types
8234 in the <citetitle>User's Guide</citetitle> for details.
8235 A fourth type, <type>serial</type>, is now supported by the parser as an
8236 amalgam of the <type>int4</type> type, a sequence, and a unique index.
8242 Several more <acronym>SQL92</acronym>-compatible syntax features have been
8243 added, including <command>INSERT DEFAULT VALUES</command>
8249 The automatic configuration and installation system has received some
8250 attention, and should be more robust for more platforms than it has ever
8259 <title>Migration to version 6.4</title>
8262 A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application>
8263 or <application>pg_dumpall</application>
8264 is required for those wishing to migrate data from any
8265 previous release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
8270 <title>Changes</title>
8276 Fix for a tiny memory leak in PQsetdb/PQfinish(Bryan)
8277 Remove char2-16 data types, use char/varchar(Darren)
8278 Pqfn not handles a NOTICE message(Anders)
8279 Reduced busywaiting overhead for spinlocks with many backends (dg)
8280 Stuck spinlock detection (dg)
8281 Fix up "ISO-style" timespan decoding and encoding(Thomas)
8282 Fix problem with table drop after rollback of transaction(Vadim)
8283 Change error message and remove non-functional update message(Vadim)
8284 Fix for COPY array checking
8285 Fix for SELECT 1 UNION SELECT NULL
8286 Fix for buffer leaks in large object calls(Pascal)
8287 Change owner from oid to int4 type(Bruce)
8288 Fix a bug in the oracle compatibility functions btrim() ltrim() and rtrim()
8289 Fix for shared invalidation cache overflow(Massimo)
8290 Prevent file descriptor leaks in failed COPY's(Bruce)
8291 Fix memory leak in libpgtcl's pg_select(Constantin)
8292 Fix problems with username/passwords over 8 characters(Tom)
8293 Fix problems with handling of asynchronous NOTIFY in backend(Tom)
8294 Fix of many bad system table entries(Tom)
8298 Upgrade ecpg and ecpglib,see src/interfaces/ecpc/ChangeLog(Michael)
8299 Show the index used in an EXPLAIN(Zeugswetter)
8300 EXPLAIN invokes rule system and shows plan(s) for rewritten queries(Jan)
8301 Multibyte awareness of many data types and functions, via configure(Tatsuo)
8302 New configure --with-mb option(Tatsuo)
8303 New initdb --pgencoding option(Tatsuo)
8304 New createdb -E multibyte option(Tatsuo)
8305 Select version(); now returns PostgreSQL version(Jeroen)
8306 libpq now allows asynchronous clients(Tom)
8307 Allow cancel from client of backend query(Tom)
8308 psql now cancels query with Control-C(Tom)
8309 libpq users need not issue dummy queries to get NOTIFY messages(Tom)
8310 NOTIFY now sends sender's PID, so you can tell whether it was your own(Tom)
8311 PGresult struct now includes associated error message, if any(Tom)
8312 Define "tz_hour" and "tz_minute" arguments to date_part()(Thomas)
8313 Add routines to convert between varchar and bpchar(Thomas)
8314 Add routines to allow sizing of varchar and bpchar into target columns(Thomas)
8315 Add bit flags to support timezonehour and minute in data retrieval(Thomas)
8316 Allow more variations on valid floating point numbers (e.g. ".1", "1e6")(Thomas)
8317 Fixes for unary minus parsing with leading spaces(Thomas)
8318 Implement TIMEZONE_HOUR, TIMEZONE_MINUTE per SQL92 specs(Thomas)
8319 Check for and properly ignore FOREIGN KEY column constraints(Thomas)
8320 Define USER as synonym for CURRENT_USER per SQL92 specs(Thomas)
8321 Enable HAVING clause but no fixes elsewhere yet.
8322 Make "char" type a synonym for "char(1)" (actually implemented as bpchar)(Thomas)
8323 Save string type if specified for DEFAULT clause handling(Thomas)
8324 Coerce operations involving different data types(Thomas)
8325 Allow some index use for columns of different types(Thomas)
8326 Add capabilities for automatic type conversion(Thomas)
8327 Cleanups for large objects, so file is truncated on open(Peter)
8328 Readline cleanups(Tom)
8329 Allow psql \f \ to make spaces as delimiter(Bruce)
8330 Pass pg_attribute.atttypmod to the frontend for column field lengths(Tom,Bruce)
8331 Msql compatibility library in /contrib(Aldrin)
8332 Remove the requirement that ORDER/GROUP BY clause identifiers be
8333 included in the target list(David)
8334 Convert columns to match columns in UNION clauses(Thomas)
8335 Remove fork()/exec() and only do fork()(Bruce)
8336 Jdbc cleanups(Peter)
8337 Show backend status on ps command line(only works on some platforms)(Bruce)
8338 Pg_hba.conf now has a sameuser option in the database field
8339 Make lo_unlink take oid param, not int4
8340 New DISABLE_COMPLEX_MACRO for compilers that can't handle our macros(Bruce)
8341 Libpgtcl now handles NOTIFY as a Tcl event, need not send dummy queries(Tom)
8342 libpgtcl cleanups(Tom)
8343 Add -error option to libpgtcl's pg_result command(Tom)
8344 New locale patch, see docs/README/locale(Oleg)
8345 Fix for pg_dump so CONSTRAINT and CHECK syntax is correct(ccb)
8346 New contrib/lo code for large object orphan removal(Peter)
8347 New psql command "SET CLIENT_ENCODING TO 'encoding'" for multibytes
8348 feature, see /doc/README.mb(Tatsuo)
8349 contrib/noupdate code to revoke update permission on a column
8350 libpq can now be compiled on Windows(Magnus)
8351 Add PQsetdbLogin() in libpq
8352 New 8-byte integer type, checked by configure for OS support(Thomas)
8353 Better support for quoted table/column names(Thomas)
8354 Surround table and column names with double-quotes in pg_dump(Thomas)
8355 PQreset() now works with passwords(Tom)
8356 Handle case of GROUP BY target list column number out of range(David)
8357 Allow UNION in subselects
8358 Add auto-size to screen to \d? commands(Bruce)
8359 Use UNION to show all \d? results in one query(Bruce)
8360 Add \d? field search feature(Bruce)
8361 Pg_dump issues fewer \connect requests(Tom)
8362 Make pg_dump -z flag work better, document it in manual page(Tom)
8363 Add HAVING clause with full support for subselects and unions(Stephan)
8364 Full text indexing routines in contrib/fulltextindex(Maarten)
8365 Transaction ids now stored in shared memory(Vadim)
8366 New PGCLIENTENCODING when issuing COPY command(Tatsuo)
8367 Support for SQL92 syntax "SET NAMES"(Tatsuo)
8368 Support for LATIN2-5(Tatsuo)
8369 Add UNICODE regression test case(Tatsuo)
8370 Lock manager cleanup, new locking modes for LLL(Vadim)
8371 Allow index use with OR clauses(Bruce)
8372 Allows "SELECT NULL ORDER BY 1;"
8373 Explain VERBOSE prints the plan, and now pretty-prints the plan to
8374 the postmaster log file(Bruce)
8375 Add indexes display to \d command(Bruce)
8376 Allow GROUP BY on functions(David)
8377 New pg_class.relkind for large objects(Bruce)
8378 New way to send libpq NOTICE messages to a different location(Tom)
8379 New \w write command to psql(Bruce)
8380 New /contrib/findoidjoins scans oid columns to find join relationships(Bruce)
8381 Allow binary-compatible indexes to be considered when checking for valid
8382 Indexes for restriction clauses containing a constant(Thomas)
8383 New ISBN/ISSN code in /contrib/isbn_issn
8384 Allow NOT LIKE, IN, NOT IN, BETWEEN, and NOT BETWEEN constraint(Thomas)
8385 New rewrite system fixes many problems with rules and views(Jan)
8386 * Rules on relations work
8387 * Event qualifications on insert/update/delete work
8388 * New OLD variable to reference CURRENT, CURRENT will be remove in future
8389 * Update rules can reference NEW and OLD in rule qualifications/actions
8390 * Insert/update/delete rules on views work
8391 * Multiple rule actions are now supported, surrounded by parentheses
8392 * Regular users can create views/rules on tables they have RULE permits
8393 * Rules and views inherit the privileges of the creator
8394 * No rules at the column level
8395 * No UPDATE NEW/OLD rules
8396 * New pg_tables, pg_indexes, pg_rules and pg_views system views
8397 * Only a single action on SELECT rules
8398 * Total rewrite overhaul, perhaps for 6.5
8400 * handle aggregates on views
8401 * handle insert into select from view works
8402 System indexes are now multikey(Bruce)
8403 Oidint2, oidint4, and oidname types are removed(Bruce)
8404 Use system cache for more system table lookups(Bruce)
8405 New backend programming language PL/pgSQL in backend/pl(Jan)
8406 New SERIAL data type, auto-creates sequence/index(Thomas)
8407 Enable assert checking without a recompile(Massimo)
8408 User lock enhancements(Massimo)
8409 New setval() command to set sequence value(Massimo)
8410 Auto-remove unix socket file on start-up if no postmaster running(Massimo)
8411 Conditional trace package(Massimo)
8412 New UNLISTEN command(Massimo)
8413 psql and libpq now compile under Windows using win32.mak(Magnus)
8414 Lo_read no longer stores trailing NULL(Bruce)
8415 Identifiers are now truncated to 31 characters internally(Bruce)
8416 Createuser options now availble on the command line
8417 Code for 64-bit integer supported added, configure tested, int8 type(Thomas)
8418 Prevent file descriptor leaf from failed COPY(Bruce)
8419 New pg_upgrade command(Bruce)
8420 Updated /contrib directories(Massimo)
8421 New CREATE TABLE DEFAULT VALUES statement available(Thomas)
8422 New INSERT INTO TABLE DEFAULT VALUES statement available(Thomas)
8423 New DECLARE and FETCH feature(Thomas)
8424 libpq's internal structures now not exported(Tom)
8425 Allow up to 8 key indexes(Bruce)
8426 Remove ARCHIVE key word, that is no longer used(Thomas)
8427 pg_dump -n flag to supress quotes around indentifiers
8428 disable system columns for views(Jan)
8429 new INET and CIDR types for network addresses(TomH, Paul)
8430 no more double quotes in psql output
8431 pg_dump now dumps views(Terry)
8432 new SET QUERY_LIMIT(Tatsuo,Jan)
8436 /contrib cleanup(Jun)
8437 Inline some small functions called for every row(Bruce)
8440 Multibyte regression tests(Soonmyung.)
8441 Remove --disabled options from configure
8442 Define PGDOC to use POSTGRESDIR by default
8443 Make regression optional
8444 Remove extra braces code to pgindent(Bruce)
8445 Add bsdi shared library support(Bruce)
8446 New --without-CXX support configure option(Brook)
8448 Update backend flowchart in tools/backend(Bruce)
8449 Change atttypmod from int16 to int32(Bruce, Tom)
8450 Getrusage() fix for platforms that do not have it(Tom)
8451 Add PQconnectdb, PGUSER, PGPASSWORD to libpq man page
8452 NS32K platform fixes(Phil Nelson, John Buller)
8453 SCO 7/UnixWare 2.x fixes(Billy,others)
8454 Sparc/Solaris 2.5 fixes(Ryan)
8455 Pgbuiltin.3 is obsolete, move to doc files(Thomas)
8456 Even more documention(Thomas)
8457 Nextstep support(Jacek)
8459 pginterface manual page(Bruce)
8460 shared libraries all have version numbers
8461 merged all OS-specific shared library defines into one file
8462 smarter TCL/TK configuration checking(Billy)
8463 smarter perl configuration(Brook)
8464 configure uses supplied install-sh if no install script found(Tom)
8465 new Makefile.shlib for shared library configuration(Tom)
8471 <sect1 id="release-6-3-2">
8472 <title>Release 6.3.2</title>
8475 <title>Release date</title>
8476 <simpara>1998-04-07</simpara>
8480 This is a bug-fix release for 6.3.x.
8481 Refer to the release notes for version 6.3 for a more complete summary of new features.
8489 Repairs automatic configuration support for some platforms, including Linux,
8490 from breakage inadvertently introduced in version 6.3.1.
8496 Correctly handles function calls on the left side of BETWEEN and LIKE clauses.
8503 A dump/restore is NOT required for those running 6.3 or 6.3.1. A
8504 <literal>make distclean</>, <literal>make</>, and <literal>make install</> is all that is required.
8505 This last step should be performed while the postmaster is not running.
8506 You should re-link any custom applications that use <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> libraries.
8509 For upgrades from pre-6.3 installations,
8510 refer to the installation and migration instructions for version 6.3.
8514 <title>Changes</title>
8518 Configure detection improvements for tcl/tk(Brook Milligan, Alvin)
8519 Manual page improvements(Bruce)
8520 BETWEEN and LIKE fix(Thomas)
8521 fix for psql \connect used by pg_dump(Oliver Elphick)
8523 pgaccess, version 0.86
8524 qsort removed, now uses libc version, cleanups(Jeroen)
8525 fix for buffer over-runs detected(Maurice Gittens)
8526 fix for buffer overrun in libpgtcl(Randy Kunkee)
8527 fix for UNION with DISTINCT or ORDER BY(Bruce)
8528 gettimeofday configure check(Doug Winterburn)
8529 Fix "indexes not used" bug(Vadim)
8530 docs additions(Thomas)
8531 Fix for backend memory leak(Bruce)
8532 libreadline cleanup(Erwan MAS)
8533 Remove DISTDIR(Bruce)
8534 Makefile dependency cleanup(Jeroen van Vianen)
8541 <sect1 id="release-6-3-1">
8542 <title>Release 6.3.1</title>
8545 <title>Release date</title>
8546 <simpara>1998-03-23</simpara>
8555 Additional support for multibyte character sets.
8561 Repair byte ordering for mixed-endian clients and servers.
8567 Minor updates to allowed SQL syntax.
8573 Improvements to the configuration autodetection for installation.
8580 A dump/restore is NOT required for those running 6.3. A
8581 <literal>make distclean</>, <literal>make</>, and <literal>make install</> is all that is required.
8582 This last step should be performed while the postmaster is not running.
8583 You should re-link any custom applications that use <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> libraries.
8586 For upgrades from pre-6.3 installations,
8587 refer to the installation and migration instructions for version 6.3.
8591 <title>Changes</title>
8595 ecpg cleanup/fixes, now version 1.1(Michael Meskes)
8596 pg_user cleanup(Bruce)
8597 large object fix for pg_dump and tclsh (alvin)
8598 LIKE fix for multiple adjacent underscores
8599 fix for redefining builtin functions(Thomas)
8601 upgrade to pg_access 0.83
8602 updated CLUSTER manual page
8603 multibyte character set support, see doc/README.mb(Tatsuo)
8604 configure --with-pgport fix
8606 big-endian fix for backend communications(Kataoka)
8607 SUBSTR() and substring() fix(Jan)
8608 several jdbc fixes(Peter)
8609 libpgtcl improvements, see libptcl/README(Randy Kunkee)
8610 Fix for "Datasize = 0" error(Vadim)
8611 Prevent \do from wrapping(Bruce)
8612 Remove duplicate Russian character set entries
8614 Allow optional TABLE key word in LOCK and SELECT INTO(Thomas)
8615 CREATE SEQUENCE options to allow a negative integer(Thomas)
8616 Add "PASSWORD" as an allowed column identifier(Thomas)
8617 Add checks for UNION target fields(Bruce)
8618 Fix Alpha port(Dwayne Bailey)
8619 Fix for text arrays containing quotes(Doug Gibson)
8620 Solaris compile fix(Albert Chin-A-Young)
8621 Better identify tcl and tk libs and includes(Bruce)
8627 <sect1 id="release-6-3">
8628 <title>Release 6.3</title>
8631 <title>Release date</title>
8632 <simpara>1998-03-01</simpara>
8636 There are <emphasis>many</emphasis> new features and improvements in this release.
8637 Here is a brief, incomplete summary:
8642 Many new SQL features, including
8643 full <acronym>SQL92</acronym> subselect capability
8644 (everything is here but target-list subselects).
8650 Support for client-side environment variables to specify time zone and date style.
8656 Socket interface for client/server connection. This is the default now
8657 so you may need to start <application>postmaster</application> with the
8658 <option>-i</option> flag.
8664 Better password authorization mechanisms. Default table privileges have changed.
8670 Old-style <firstterm>time travel</firstterm>
8671 has been removed. Performance has been improved.
8679 Bruce Momjian wrote the following notes to introduce the new release.
8684 There are some general 6.3 issues that I want to mention. These are
8685 only the big items that can not be described in one sentence. A review
8686 of the detailed changes list is still needed.
8689 First, we now have subselects. Now that we have them, I would like to
8690 mention that without subselects, SQL is a very limited language.
8691 Subselects are a major feature, and you should review your code for
8692 places where subselects provide a better solution for your queries. I
8693 think you will find that there are more uses for subselects than you may
8694 think. Vadim has put us on the big SQL map with subselects, and fully
8695 functional ones too. The only thing you can't do with subselects is to
8696 use them in the target list.
8699 Second, 6.3 uses Unix domain sockets rather than TCP/IP by default. To
8700 enable connections from other machines, you have to use the new
8701 postmaster -i option, and of course edit <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename>. Also, for this
8702 reason, the format of <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename> has changed.
8705 Third, <type>char()</type> fields will now allow faster access than <type>varchar()</type> or
8706 <type>text</type>. Specifically, the <type>text</> and <type>varchar()</type> have a penalty for access to
8707 any columns after the first column of this type. <type>char()</type> used to also
8708 have this access penalty, but it no longer does. This may suggest that
8709 you redesign some of your tables, especially if you have short character
8710 columns that you have defined as <type>varchar()</type> or <type>text</type>. This and other
8711 changes make 6.3 even faster than earlier releases.
8714 We now have passwords definable independent of any Unix file. There are
8715 new SQL USER commands.
8716 See the <citetitle>Administrator's Guide</citetitle> for more
8717 information. There is a new table, pg_shadow, which is used to store
8718 user information and user passwords, and it by default only SELECT-able
8719 by the <systemitem>postgres</systemitem> super-user. pg_user is now a view of pg_shadow, and is
8720 SELECT-able by PUBLIC. You should keep using pg_user in your
8721 application without changes.
8724 User-created tables now no longer have SELECT privilege to PUBLIC by
8725 default. This was done because the ANSI standard requires it. You can
8726 of course GRANT any privileges you want after the table is created.
8727 System tables continue to be SELECT-able by PUBLIC.
8730 We also have real deadlock detection code. No more sixty-second
8731 timeouts. And the new locking code implements a <acronym>FIFO</acronym> better, so there
8732 should be less resource starvation during heavy use.
8735 Many complaints have been made about inadequate documentation in previous
8736 releases. Thomas has put much effort into many new manuals for this
8737 release. Check out the doc/ directory.
8740 For performance reasons, time travel is gone, but can be implemented
8741 using triggers (see <filename>pgsql/contrib/spi/README</filename>). Please check out the new
8742 \d command for types, operators, etc. Also, views have their own
8743 privileges now, not based on the underlying tables, so privileges on
8744 them have to be set separately. Check <filename>/pgsql/interfaces</filename> for some new
8745 ways to talk to <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
8748 This is the first release that really required an explanation for
8749 existing users. In many ways, this was necessary because the new
8750 release removes many limitations, and the work-arounds people were using
8751 are no longer needed.
8755 <title>Migration to version 6.3</title>
8758 A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application>
8759 or <application>pg_dumpall</application>
8760 is required for those wishing to migrate data from any
8761 previous release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
8766 <title>Changes</title>
8772 Fix binary cursors broken by MOVE implementation(Vadim)
8773 Fix for tcl library crash(Jan)
8774 Fix for array handling, from Gerhard Hintermayer
8775 Fix acl error, and remove duplicate pqtrace(Bruce)
8776 Fix psql \e for empty file(Bruce)
8777 Fix for textcat on varchar() fields(Bruce)
8778 Fix for DBT Sendproc (Zeugswetter Andres)
8779 Fix vacuum analyze syntax problem(Bruce)
8780 Fix for international identifiers(Tatsuo)
8781 Fix aggregates on inherited tables(Bruce)
8782 Fix substr() for out-of-bounds data
8783 Fix for select 1=1 or 2=2, select 1=1 and 2=2, and select sum(2+2)(Bruce)
8784 Fix notty output to show status result. -q option still turns it off(Bruce)
8785 Fix for count(*), aggs with views and multiple tables and sum(3)(Bruce)
8787 Fix for PQtrace start/stop several times(Bruce)
8788 Fix a variety of locking problems like newer lock waiters getting
8789 lock before older waiters, and having readlock people not share
8790 locks if a writer is waiting for a lock, and waiting writers not
8791 getting priority over waiting readers(Bruce)
8792 Fix crashes in psql when executing queries from external files(James)
8793 Fix problem with multiple order by columns, with the first one having
8795 Use correct hash table support functions for float8 and int4(Thomas)
8796 Re-enable JOIN= option in CREATE OPERATOR statement (Thomas)
8797 Change precedence for boolean operators to match expected behavior(Thomas)
8798 Generate elog(ERROR) on over-large integer(Bruce)
8799 Allow multiple-argument functions in constraint clauses(Thomas)
8800 Check boolean input literals for 'true','false','yes','no','1','0'
8801 and throw elog(ERROR) if unrecognized(Thomas)
8802 Major large objects fix
8803 Fix for GROUP BY showing duplicates(Vadim)
8804 Fix for index scans in MergeJion(Vadim)
8808 Subselects with EXISTS, IN, ALL, ANY key words (Vadim, Bruce, Thomas)
8809 New User Manual(Thomas, others)
8810 Speedup by inlining some frequently-called functions
8811 Real deadlock detection, no more timeouts(Bruce)
8812 Add SQL92 "constants" CURRENT_DATE, CURRENT_TIME, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
8813 CURRENT_USER(Thomas)
8814 Modify constraint syntax to be SQL92-compliant(Thomas)
8815 Implement SQL92 PRIMARY KEY and UNIQUE clauses using indexes(Thomas)
8816 Recognize SQL92 syntax for FOREIGN KEY. Throw elog notice(Thomas)
8817 Allow NOT NULL UNIQUE constraint clause (each allowed separately before)(Thomas)
8818 Allow PostgreSQL-style casting ("::") of non-constants(Thomas)
8819 Add support for SQL3 TRUE and FALSE boolean constants(Thomas)
8820 Support SQL92 syntax for IS TRUE/IS FALSE/IS NOT TRUE/IS NOT FALSE(Thomas)
8821 Allow shorter strings for boolean literals (e.g. "t", "tr", "tru")(Thomas)
8822 Allow SQL92 delimited identifiers(Thomas)
8823 Implement SQL92 binary and hexadecimal string decoding (b'10' and x'1F')(Thomas)
8824 Support SQL92 syntax for type coercion of literal strings
8825 (e.g. "DATETIME 'now'")(Thomas)
8826 Add conversions for int2, int4, and OID types to and from text(Thomas)
8827 Use shared lock when building indexes(Vadim)
8828 Free memory allocated for an user query inside transaction block after
8829 this query is done, was turned off in <= 6.2.1(Vadim)
8830 New SQL statement CREATE PROCEDURAL LANGUAGE(Jan)
8831 New <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> Procedural Language (PL) backend interface(Jan)
8832 Rename pg_dump -H option to -h(Bruce)
8833 Add Java support for passwords, European dates(Peter)
8834 Use indexes for LIKE and ~, !~ operations(Bruce)
8835 Add hash functions for datetime and timespan(Thomas)
8836 Time Travel removed(Vadim, Bruce)
8837 Add paging for \d and \z, and fix \i(Bruce)
8838 Add Unix domain socket support to backend and to frontend library(Goran)
8839 Implement CREATE DATABASE/WITH LOCATION and initlocation utility(Thomas)
8840 Allow more SQL92 and/or <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> reserved words as column identifiers(Thomas)
8841 Augment support for SQL92 SET TIME ZONE...(Thomas)
8842 SET/SHOW/RESET TIME ZONE uses TZ backend environment variable(Thomas)
8843 Implement SET keyword = DEFAULT and SET TIME ZONE DEFAULT(Thomas)
8844 Enable SET TIME ZONE using TZ environment variable(Thomas)
8845 Add PGDATESTYLE environment variable to frontend and backend initialization(Thomas)
8846 Add PGTZ, PGCOSTHEAP, PGCOSTINDEX, PGRPLANS, PGGEQO
8847 frontend library initialization environment variables(Thomas)
8848 Regression tests time zone automatically set with "setenv PGTZ PST8PDT"(Thomas)
8849 Add pg_description table for info on tables, columns, operators, types, and
8851 Increase 16 char limit on system table/index names to 32 characters(Bruce)
8852 Rename system indexes(Bruce)
8853 Add 'GERMAN' option to SET DATESTYLE(Thomas)
8854 Define an "ISO-style" timespan output format with "hh:mm:ss" fields(Thomas)
8855 Allow fractional values for delta times (e.g. '2.5 days')(Thomas)
8856 Validate numeric input more carefully for delta times(Thomas)
8857 Implement day of year as possible input to date_part()(Thomas)
8858 Define timespan_finite() and text_timespan() functions(Thomas)
8859 Remove archive stuff(Bruce)
8860 Allow for a pg_password authentication database that is separate from
8861 the system password file(Todd)
8862 Dump ACLs, GRANT, REVOKE privileges(Matt)
8863 Define text, varchar, and bpchar string length functions(Thomas)
8864 Fix Query handling for inheritance, and cost computations(Bruce)
8865 Implement CREATE TABLE/AS SELECT (alternative to SELECT/INTO)(Thomas)
8866 Allow NOT, IS NULL, IS NOT NULL in constraints(Thomas)
8867 Implement UNIONs for SELECT(Bruce)
8868 Add UNION, GROUP, DISTINCT to INSERT(Bruce)
8869 varchar() stores only necessary bytes on disk(Bruce)
8870 Fix for BLOBs(Peter)
8871 Mega-Patch for JDBC...see README_6.3 for list of changes(Peter)
8872 Remove unused "option" from PQconnectdb()
8873 New LOCK command and lock manual page describing deadlocks(Bruce)
8874 Add new psql \da, \dd, \df, \do, \dS, and \dT commands(Bruce)
8875 Enhance psql \z to show sequences(Bruce)
8876 Show NOT NULL and DEFAULT in psql \d table(Bruce)
8877 New psql .psqlrc file start-up(Andrew)
8878 Modify sample start-up script in contrib/linux to show syslog(Thomas)
8879 New types for IP and MAC addresses in contrib/ip_and_mac(TomH)
8880 Unix system time conversions with date/time types in contrib/unixdate(Thomas)
8881 Update of contrib stuff(Massimo)
8882 Add Unix socket support to DBD::Pg(Goran)
8883 New python interface (PyGreSQL 2.0)(D'Arcy)
8884 New frontend/backend protocol has a version number, network byte order(Phil)
8885 Security features in pg_hba.conf enhanced and documented, many cleanups(Phil)
8886 CHAR() now faster access than VARCHAR() or TEXT
8887 ecpg embedded SQL preprocessor
8888 Reduce system column overhead(Vadmin)
8889 Remove pg_time table(Vadim)
8890 Add pg_type attribute to identify types that need length (bpchar, varchar)
8891 Add report of offending line when COPY command fails
8892 Allow VIEW privileges to be set separately from the underlying tables.
8893 For security, use GRANT/REVOKE on views as appropriate(Jan)
8894 Tables now have no default GRANT SELECT TO PUBLIC. You must
8895 explicitly grant such privileges.
8896 Clean up tutorial examples(Darren)
8900 Add new html development tools, and flow chart in /tools/backend
8901 Fix for SCO compiles
8902 Stratus computer port Robert Gillies
8903 Added support for shlib for BSD44_derived & i386_solaris
8904 Make configure more automated(Brook)
8905 Add script to check regression test results
8906 Break parser functions into smaller files, group together(Bruce)
8907 Rename heap_create to heap_create_and_catalog, rename heap_creatr
8908 to heap_create()(Bruce)
8909 Sparc/Linux patch for locking(TomS)
8910 Remove PORTNAME and reorganize port-specific stuff(Marc)
8911 Add optimizer README file(Bruce)
8912 Remove some recursion in optimizer and clean up some code there(Bruce)
8913 Fix for NetBSD locking(Henry)
8914 Fix for libptcl make(Tatsuo)
8916 Change IS TRUE, IS FALSE, ... to expressions using "=" rather than
8917 function calls to istrue() or isfalse() to allow optimization(Thomas)
8918 Various fixes NetBSD/Sparc related(TomH)
8919 Alpha linux locking(Travis,Ryan)
8920 Change elog(WARN) to elog(ERROR)(Bruce)
8921 FAQ for FreeBSD(Marc)
8922 Bring in the PostODBC source tree as part of our standard distribution(Marc)
8923 A minor patch for HP/UX 10 vs 9(Stan)
8924 New pg_attribute.atttypmod for type-specific info like varchar length(Bruce)
8925 UnixWare patches(Billy)
8926 New i386 'lock' for spinlock asm(Billy)
8927 Support for multiplexed backends is removed
8928 Start an OpenBSD port
8931 Add string functions to regression suite(Thomas)
8932 Expand a few function names formerly truncated to 16 characters(Thomas)
8933 Remove un-needed malloc() calls and replace with palloc()(Bruce)
8939 <sect1 id="release-6-2-1">
8940 <title>Release 6.2.1</title>
8943 <title>Release date</title>
8944 <simpara>1997-10-17</simpara>
8948 6.2.1 is a bug-fix and usability release on 6.2.
8956 Allow strings to span lines, per <acronym>SQL92</acronym>.
8962 Include example trigger function for inserting user names on table updates.
8969 This is a minor bug-fix release on 6.2.
8970 For upgrades from pre-6.2 systems, a full dump/reload is required.
8971 Refer to the 6.2 release notes for instructions.
8975 <title>Migration from version 6.2 to version 6.2.1</title>
8978 This is a minor bug-fix release. A dump/reload is not required from version 6.2,
8979 but is required from any release prior to 6.2.
8982 In upgrading from version 6.2, if you choose to dump/reload you will find that
8983 avg(money) is now calculated correctly. All other bug fixes take effect
8984 upon updating the executables.
8987 Another way to avoid dump/reload is to use the following SQL command
8988 from <command>psql</command> to update the existing system table:
8991 update pg_aggregate set aggfinalfn = 'cash_div_flt8'
8992 where aggname = 'avg' and aggbasetype = 790;
8996 This will need to be done to every existing database, including template1.
9001 <title>Changes</title>
9005 Allow TIME and TYPE column names(Thomas)
9006 Allow larger range of true/false as boolean values(Thomas)
9007 Support output of "now" and "current"(Thomas)
9008 Handle DEFAULT with INSERT of NULL properly(Vadim)
9009 Fix for relation reference counts problem in buffer manager(Vadim)
9010 Allow strings to span lines, like ANSI(Thomas)
9011 Fix for backward cursor with ORDER BY(Vadim)
9012 Fix avg(cash) computation(Thomas)
9013 Fix for specifying a column twice in ORDER/GROUP BY(Vadim)
9014 Documented new libpq function to return affected rows, PQcmdTuples(Bruce)
9015 Trigger function for inserting user names for INSERT/UPDATE(Brook Milligan)
9021 <sect1 id="release-6-2">
9022 <title>Release 6.2</title>
9025 <title>Release date</title>
9026 <simpara>1997-10-02</simpara>
9030 A dump/restore is required for those wishing to migrate data from
9031 previous releases of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
9035 <title>Migration from version 6.1 to version 6.2</title>
9038 This migration requires a complete dump of the 6.1 database and a
9039 restore of the database in 6.2.
9042 Note that the <command>pg_dump</command> and <command>pg_dumpall</command> utility from 6.2 should be used
9043 to dump the 6.1 database.
9048 <title>Migration from version 1.<replaceable>x</> to version 6.2</title>
9051 Those migrating from earlier 1.* releases should first upgrade to 1.09
9052 because the COPY output format was improved from the 1.02 release.
9057 <title>Changes</title>
9063 Fix problems with pg_dump for inheritance, sequences, archive tables(Bruce)
9064 Fix compile errors on overflow due to shifts, unsigned, and bad prototypes
9065 from Solaris(Diab Jerius)
9066 Fix bugs in geometric line arithmetic (bad intersection calculations)(Thomas)
9067 Check for geometric intersections at endpoints to avoid rounding ugliness(Thomas)
9068 Catch non-functional delete attempts(Vadim)
9069 Change time function names to be more consistent(Michael Reifenberg)
9070 Check for zero divides(Michael Reifenberg)
9071 Fix very old bug which made rows changed/inserted by a command
9072 visible to the command itself (so we had multiple update of
9073 updated rows, etc.)(Vadim)
9074 Fix for SELECT null, 'fail' FROM pg_am (Patrick)
9075 SELECT NULL as EMPTY_FIELD now allowed(Patrick)
9076 Remove un-needed signal stuff from contrib/pginterface
9077 Fix OR (where x != 1 or x isnull didn't return rows with x NULL) (Vadim)
9078 Fix time_cmp function (Vadim)
9079 Fix handling of functions with non-attribute first argument in
9080 WHERE clauses (Vadim)
9081 Fix GROUP BY when order of entries is different from order
9082 in target list (Vadim)
9083 Fix pg_dump for aggregates without sfunc1 (Vadim)
9087 Default genetic optimizer GEQO parameter is now 8(Bruce)
9088 Allow use parameters in target list having aggregates in functions(Vadim)
9089 Added JDBC driver as an interface(Adrian & Peter)
9091 Return number of rows inserted/affected by INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE etc.(Vadim)
9092 Triggers implemented with CREATE TRIGGER (SQL3)(Vadim)
9093 SPI (Server Programming Interface) allows execution of queries inside
9095 NOT NULL implemented (SQL92)(Robson Paniago de Miranda)
9096 Include reserved words for string handling, outer joins, and unions(Thomas)
9097 Implement extended comments ("/* ... */") using exclusive states(Thomas)
9098 Add "//" single-line comments(Bruce)
9099 Remove some restrictions on characters in operator names(Thomas)
9100 DEFAULT and CONSTRAINT for tables implemented (SQL92)(Vadim & Thomas)
9101 Add text concatenation operator and function (SQL92)(Thomas)
9102 Support WITH TIME ZONE syntax (SQL92)(Thomas)
9103 Support INTERVAL unit TO unit syntax (SQL92)(Thomas)
9104 Define types DOUBLE PRECISION, INTERVAL, CHARACTER,
9105 and CHARACTER VARYING (SQL92)(Thomas)
9106 Define type FLOAT(p) and rudimentary DECIMAL(p,s), NUMERIC(p,s) (SQL92)(Thomas)
9107 Define EXTRACT(), POSITION(), SUBSTRING(), and TRIM() (SQL92)(Thomas)
9108 Define CURRENT_DATE, CURRENT_TIME, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP (SQL92)(Thomas)
9109 Add syntax and warnings for UNION, HAVING, INNER and OUTER JOIN (SQL92)(Thomas)
9110 Add more reserved words, mostly for SQL92 compliance(Thomas)
9111 Allow hh:mm:ss time entry for timespan/reltime types(Thomas)
9112 Add center() routines for lseg, path, polygon(Thomas)
9113 Add distance() routines for circle-polygon, polygon-polygon(Thomas)
9114 Check explicitly for points and polygons contained within polygons
9115 using an axis-crossing algorithm(Thomas)
9116 Add routine to convert circle-box(Thomas)
9117 Merge conflicting operators for different geometric data types(Thomas)
9118 Replace distance operator "<===>" with "<->"(Thomas)
9119 Replace "above" operator "!^" with ">^" and "below" operator "!|" with "<^"(Thomas)
9120 Add routines for text trimming on both ends, substring, and string position(Thomas)
9121 Added conversion routines circle(box) and poly(circle)(Thomas)
9122 Allow internal sorts to be stored in memory rather than in files(Bruce & Vadim)
9123 Allow functions and operators on internally-identical types to succeed(Bruce)
9124 Speed up backend start-up after profiling analysis(Bruce)
9125 Inline frequently called functions for performance(Bruce)
9126 Reduce open() calls(Bruce)
9127 psql: Add PAGER for \h and \?,\C fix
9128 Fix for psql pager when no tty(Bruce)
9129 New entab utility(Bruce)
9130 General trigger functions for referential integrity (Vadim)
9131 General trigger functions for time travel (Vadim)
9132 General trigger functions for AUTOINCREMENT/IDENTITY feature (Vadim)
9133 MOVE implementation (Vadim)
9137 HP-UX 10 patches (Vladimir Turin)
9138 Added SCO support, (Daniel Harris)
9139 MkLinux patches (Tatsuo Ishii)
9140 Change geometric box terminology from "length" to "width"(Thomas)
9141 Deprecate temporary unstored slope fields in geometric code(Thomas)
9142 Remove restart instructions from INSTALL(Bruce)
9143 Look in /usr/ucb first for install(Bruce)
9144 Fix c++ copy example code(Thomas)
9145 Add -o to psql manual page(Bruce)
9146 Prevent relname unallocated string length from being copied into database(Bruce)
9147 Cleanup for NAMEDATALEN use(Bruce)
9148 Fix pg_proc names over 15 chars in output(Bruce)
9149 Add strNcpy() function(Bruce)
9150 remove some (void) casts that are unnecessary(Bruce)
9151 new interfaces directory(Marc)
9152 Replace fopen() calls with calls to fd.c functions(Bruce)
9153 Make functions static where possible(Bruce)
9154 enclose unused functions in #ifdef NOT_USED(Bruce)
9155 Remove call to difftime() in timestamp support to fix SunOS(Bruce & Thomas)
9156 Changes for Digital Unix
9157 Portability fix for pg_dumpall(Bruce)
9158 Rename pg_attribute.attnvals to attdispersion(Bruce)
9159 "intro/unix" manual page now "pgintro"(Bruce)
9160 "built-in" manual page now "pgbuiltin"(Bruce)
9161 "drop" manual page now "drop_table"(Bruce)
9162 Add "create_trigger", "drop_trigger" manual pages(Thomas)
9163 Add constraints regression test(Vadim & Thomas)
9164 Add comments syntax regression test(Thomas)
9165 Add PGINDENT and support program(Bruce)
9166 Massive commit to run PGINDENT on all *.c and *.h files(Bruce)
9167 Files moved to /src/tools directory(Bruce)
9168 SPI and Trigger programming guides (Vadim & D'Arcy)
9174 <sect1 id="release-6-1-1">
9175 <title>Release 6.1.1</title>
9178 <title>Release date</title>
9179 <simpara>1997-07-22</simpara>
9183 <title>Migration from version 6.1 to version 6.1.1</title>
9186 This is a minor bug-fix release. A dump/reload is not required from version 6.1,
9187 but is required from any release prior to 6.1.
9188 Refer to the release notes for 6.1 for more details.
9193 <title>Changes</title>
9197 fix for SET with options (Thomas)
9198 allow pg_dump/pg_dumpall to preserve ownership of all tables/objects(Bruce)
9199 new psql \connect option allows changing usernames without changing databases
9200 fix for initdb --debug option(Yoshihiko Ichikawa))
9201 lextest cleanup(Bruce)
9203 fix date/time month boundary arithmetic(Thomas)
9204 fix timezone daylight handling for some ports(Thomas, Bruce, Tatsuo)
9205 timestamp overhauled to use standard functions(Thomas)
9206 other code cleanup in date/time routines(Thomas)
9207 psql's \d now case-insensitive(Bruce)
9208 psql's backslash commands can now have trailing semicolon(Bruce)
9209 fix memory leak in psql when using \g(Bruce)
9210 major fix for endian handling of communication to server(Thomas, Tatsuo)
9211 Fix for Solaris assembler and include files(Yoshihiko Ichikawa)
9212 allow underscores in usernames(Bruce)
9213 pg_dumpall now returns proper status, portability fix(Bruce)
9219 <sect1 id="release-6-1">
9220 <title>Release 6.1</title>
9223 <title>Release date</title>
9224 <simpara>1997-06-08</simpara>
9228 The regression tests have been adapted and extensively modified for the
9229 6.1 release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
9233 Three new data types (<type>datetime</type>, <type>timespan</type>, and <type>circle</type>) have been added to
9234 the native set of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> types. Points, boxes, paths, and polygons
9235 have had their output formats made consistent across the data types.
9236 The polygon output in misc.out has only been spot-checked for correctness
9237 relative to the original regression output.
9241 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 6.1 introduces a new, alternate
9242 optimizer which uses <firstterm>genetic</firstterm>
9243 algorithms. These algorithms introduce a random behavior in the ordering
9244 of query results when the query contains multiple qualifiers or multiple
9245 tables (giving the optimizer a choice on order of evaluation). Several
9246 regression tests have been modified to explicitly order the results, and
9247 hence are insensitive to optimizer choices. A few regression tests are
9248 for data types which are inherently unordered (e.g. points and time
9249 intervals) and tests involving those types are explicitly bracketed with
9250 <command>set geqo to 'off'</command> and <command>reset geqo</command>.
9254 The interpretation of array specifiers (the curly braces around atomic
9255 values) appears to have changed sometime after the original regression
9256 tests were generated. The current <filename>./expected/*.out</filename> files reflect this
9257 new interpretation, which may not be correct!
9261 The float8 regression test fails on at least some platforms. This is due
9262 to differences in implementations of <function>pow()</function> and <function>exp()</function> and the signaling
9263 mechanisms used for overflow and underflow conditions.
9267 The <quote>random</> results in the random test should cause the
9268 <quote>random</quote> test to be <quote>failed</quote>, since the
9269 regression tests are evaluated using a simple diff. However,
9270 <quote>random</> does not seem to produce random results on my test
9271 machine (Linux/<application>gcc</>/i686).
9275 <title>Migration to version 6.1</title>
9278 This migration requires a complete dump of the 6.0 database and a
9279 restore of the database in 6.1.
9282 Those migrating from earlier 1.* releases should first upgrade to 1.09
9283 because the COPY output format was improved from the 1.02 release.
9288 <title>Changes</title>
9294 packet length checking in library routines
9295 lock manager priority patch
9296 check for under/over flow of float8(Bruce)
9297 multitable join fix(Vadim)
9298 SIGPIPE crash fix(Darren)
9299 large object fixes(Sven)
9300 allow btree indexes to handle NULLs(Vadim)
9301 timezone fixes(D'Arcy)
9302 select SUM(x) can return NULL on no rows(Thomas)
9303 internal optimizer, executor bug fixes(Vadim)
9304 fix problem where inner loop in < or <= has no rows(Vadim)
9305 prevent re-commuting join index clauses(Vadim)
9306 fix join clauses for multiple tables(Vadim)
9307 fix hash, hashjoin for arrays(Vadim)
9308 fix btree for abstime type(Vadim)
9309 large object fixes(Raymond)
9310 fix buffer leak in hash indexes (Vadim)
9311 fix rtree for use in inner scan (Vadim)
9312 fix gist for use in inner scan, cleanups (Vadim, Andrea)
9313 avoid unnecessary local buffers allocation (Vadim, Massimo)
9314 fix local buffers leak in transaction aborts (Vadim)
9315 fix file manager memmory leaks, cleanups (Vadim, Massimo)
9316 fix storage manager memmory leaks (Vadim)
9317 fix btree duplicates handling (Vadim)
9318 fix deleted rows reincarnation caused by vacuum (Vadim)
9319 fix SELECT varchar()/char() INTO TABLE made zero-length fields(Bruce)
9320 many psql, pg_dump, and libpq memory leaks fixed using Purify (Igor)
9324 attribute optimization statistics(Bruce)
9325 much faster new btree bulk load code(Paul)
9326 BTREE UNIQUE added to bulk load code(Vadim)
9327 new lock debug code(Massimo)
9328 massive changes to libpg++(Leo)
9329 new GEQO optimizer speeds table multitable optimization(Martin)
9330 new WARN message for non-unique insert into unique key(Marc)
9331 update x=-3, no spaces, now valid(Bruce)
9332 remove case-sensitive identifier handling(Bruce,Thomas,Dan)
9333 debug backend now pretty-prints tree(Darren)
9334 new Oracle character functions(Edmund)
9335 new plaintext password functions(Dan)
9336 no such class or insufficient privilege changed to distinct messages(Dan)
9337 new ANSI timestamp function(Dan)
9338 new ANSI Time and Date types (Thomas)
9339 move large chunks of data in backend(Martin)
9340 multicolumn btree indexes(Vadim)
9341 new SET var TO value command(Martin)
9342 update transaction status on reads(Dan)
9343 new locale settings for character types(Oleg)
9344 new SEQUENCE serial number generator(Vadim)
9345 GROUP BY function now possible(Vadim)
9346 re-organize regression test(Thomas,Marc)
9347 new optimizer operation weights(Vadim)
9348 new psql \z grant/permit option(Marc)
9349 new MONEY data type(D'Arcy,Thomas)
9350 tcp socket communication speed improved(Vadim)
9351 new VACUUM option for attribute statistics, and for certain columns (Vadim)
9352 many geometric type improvements(Thomas,Keith)
9353 additional regression tests(Thomas)
9354 new datestyle variable(Thomas,Vadim,Martin)
9355 more comparison operators for sorting types(Thomas)
9356 new conversion functions(Thomas)
9357 new more compact btree format(Vadim)
9358 allow pg_dumpall to preserve database ownership(Bruce)
9359 new SET GEQO=# and R_PLANS variable(Vadim)
9360 old (!GEQO) optimizer can use right-sided plans (Vadim)
9361 typechecking improvement in SQL parser(Bruce)
9362 new SET, SHOW, RESET commands(Thomas,Vadim)
9363 new \connect database USER option
9364 new destroydb -i option (Igor)
9365 new \dt and \di psql commands (Darren)
9366 SELECT "\n" now escapes newline (A. Duursma)
9367 new geometry conversion functions from old format (Thomas)
9371 new configuration script(Marc)
9372 readline configuration option added(Marc)
9373 OS-specific configuration options removed(Marc)
9374 new OS-specific template files(Marc)
9375 no more need to edit Makefile.global(Marc)
9376 re-arrange include files(Marc)
9377 nextstep patches (Gregor Hoffleit)
9378 removed Windows-specific code(Bruce)
9379 removed postmaster -e option, now only postgres -e option (Bruce)
9380 merge duplicate library code in front/backends(Martin)
9381 now works with eBones, international Kerberos(Jun)
9382 more shared library support
9383 c++ include file cleanup(Bruce)
9384 warn about buggy flex(Bruce)
9385 DG/UX, Ultrix, IRIX, AIX portability fixes
9391 <sect1 id="release-6-0">
9392 <title>Release 6.0</title>
9395 <title>Release date</title>
9396 <simpara>1997-01-29</simpara>
9400 A dump/restore is required for those wishing to migrate data from
9401 previous releases of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
9405 <title>Migration from version 1.09 to version 6.0</title>
9408 This migration requires a complete dump of the 1.09 database and a
9409 restore of the database in 6.0.
9414 <title>Migration from pre-1.09 to version 6.0</title>
9417 Those migrating from earlier 1.* releases should first upgrade to 1.09
9418 because the COPY output format was improved from the 1.02 release.
9423 <title>Changes</title>
9429 ALTER TABLE bug - running postgress process needs to re-read table definition
9430 Allow vacuum to be run on one table or entire database(Bruce)
9432 Fix array over-runs of memory writes(Kurt)
9433 Fix elusive btree range/non-range bug(Dan)
9434 Fix for hash indexes on some types like time and date
9435 Fix for pg_log size explosion
9436 Fix permissions on lo_export()(Bruce)
9437 Fix unitialized reads of memory(Kurt)
9438 Fixed ALTER TABLE ... char(3) bug(Bruce)
9439 Fixed a few small memory leaks
9440 Fixed EXPLAIN handling of options and changed full_path option name
9441 Fixed output of group acl privileges
9442 Memory leaks (hunt and destroy with tools like Purify(Kurt)
9443 Minor improvements to rules system
9445 New asserts for run-checking
9446 Overhauled parser/analyze code to properly report errors and increase speed
9447 Pg_dump -d now handles NULL's properly(Bruce)
9448 Prevent SELECT NULL from crashing server (Bruce)
9449 Properly report errors when INSERT ... SELECT columns did not match
9450 Properly report errors when insert column names were not correct
9451 psql \g filename now works(Bruce)
9452 psql fixed problem with multiple statements on one line with multiple outputs
9453 Removed duplicate system OIDs
9454 SELECT * INTO TABLE . GROUP/ORDER BY gives unlink error if table exists(Bruce)
9455 Several fixes for queries that crashed the backend
9456 Starting quote in insert string errors(Bruce)
9457 Submitting an empty query now returns empty status, not just " " query(Bruce)
9461 Add EXPLAIN manual page(Bruce)
9462 Add UNIQUE index capability(Dan)
9463 Add hostname/user level access control rather than just hostname and user
9464 Add synonym of != for <>(Bruce)
9465 Allow "select oid,* from table"
9466 Allow BY,ORDER BY to specify columns by number, or by non-alias table.column(Bruce)
9467 Allow COPY from the frontend(Bryan)
9468 Allow GROUP BY to use alias column name(Bruce)
9469 Allow actual compression, not just reuse on the same page(Vadim)
9470 Allow installation-configuration option to auto-add all local users(Bryan)
9471 Allow libpq to distinguish between text value '' and null(Bruce)
9472 Allow non-postgres users with createdb privs to destroydb's
9473 Allow restriction on who can create C functions(Bryan)
9474 Allow restriction on who can do backend COPY(Bryan)
9475 Can shrink tables, pg_time and pg_log(Vadim & Erich)
9476 Change debug level 2 to print queries only, changed debug heading layout(Bruce)
9477 Change default decimal constant representation from float4 to float8(Bruce)
9478 European date format now set when postmaster is started
9479 Execute lowercase function names if not found with exact case
9480 Fixes for aggregate/GROUP processing, allow 'select sum(func(x),sum(x+y) from z'
9481 Gist now included in the distrubution(Marc)
9482 Idend authentication of local users(Bryan)
9483 Implement BETWEEN qualifier(Bruce)
9484 Implement IN qualifier(Bruce)
9485 libpq has PQgetisnull()(Bruce)
9486 libpq++ improvements
9487 New options to initdb(Bryan)
9488 Pg_dump allow dump of OIDs(Bruce)
9489 Pg_dump create indexes after tables are loaded for speed(Bruce)
9490 Pg_dumpall dumps all databases, and the user table
9491 Pginterface additions for NULL values(Bruce)
9492 Prevent postmaster from being run as root
9493 psql \h and \? is now readable(Bruce)
9494 psql allow backslashed, semicolons anywhere on the line(Bruce)
9495 psql changed command prompt for lines in query or in quotes(Bruce)
9496 psql char(3) now displays as (bp)char in \d output(Bruce)
9497 psql return code now more accurate(Bryan?)
9498 psql updated help syntax(Bruce)
9499 Re-visit and fix vacuum(Vadim)
9500 Reduce size of regression diffs, remove timezone name difference(Bruce)
9501 Remove compile-time parameters to enable binary distributions(Bryan)
9502 Reverse meaning of HBA masks(Bryan)
9503 Secure Authentication of local users(Bryan)
9504 Speed up vacuum(Vadim)
9505 Vacuum now had VERBOSE option(Bruce)
9509 All functions now have prototypes that are compared against the calls
9510 Allow asserts to be disabled easly from Makefile.global(Bruce)
9511 Change oid constants used in code to #define names
9512 Decoupled sparc and solaris defines(Kurt)
9513 Gcc -Wall compiles cleanly with warnings only from unfixable constructs
9514 Major include file reorganization/reduction(Marc)
9515 Make now stops on compile failure(Bryan)
9516 Makefile restructuring(Bryan, Marc)
9517 Merge bsdi_2_1 to bsdi(Bruce)
9518 Monitor program removed
9519 Name change from Postgres95 to PostgreSQL
9520 New config.h file(Marc, Bryan)
9521 PG_VERSION now set to 6.0 and used by postmaster
9522 Portability additions, including Ultrix, DG/UX, AIX, and Solaris
9523 Reduced the number of #define's, centeralized #define's
9524 Remove duplicate OIDS in system tables(Dan)
9525 Remove duplicate system catalog info or report mismatches(Dan)
9526 Removed many os-specific #define's
9527 Restructured object file generation/location(Bryan, Marc)
9528 Restructured port-specific file locations(Bryan, Marc)
9529 Unused/uninialized variables corrected
9535 <sect1 id="release-1-09">
9536 <title>Release 1.09</title>
9539 <title>Release date</title>
9540 <simpara>1996-11-04</simpara>
9544 Sorry, we didn't keep track of changes from 1.02 to 1.09. Some of
9545 the changes listed in 6.0 were actually included in the 1.02.1 to 1.09
9550 <sect1 id="release-1-02">
9551 <title>Release 1.02</title>
9554 <title>Release date</title>
9555 <simpara>1996-08-01</simpara>
9559 <title>Migration from version 1.02 to version 1.02.1</title>
9562 Here is a new migration file for 1.02.1. It includes the 'copy' change
9563 and a script to convert old <acronym>ASCII</acronym> files.
9567 The following notes are for the benefit of users who want to migrate
9568 databases from <productname>Postgres95</> 1.01 and 1.02 to <productname>Postgres95</> 1.02.1.
9571 If you are starting afresh with <productname>Postgres95</> 1.02.1 and do not need
9572 to migrate old databases, you do not need to read any further.
9577 In order to upgrade older <productname>Postgres95</> version 1.01 or 1.02 databases to
9578 version 1.02.1, the following steps are required:
9583 Start up a new 1.02.1 postmaster
9588 Add the new built-in functions and operators of 1.02.1 to 1.01 or 1.02
9589 databases. This is done by running the new 1.02.1 server against
9590 your own 1.01 or 1.02 database and applying the queries attached at
9591 the end of the file. This can be done easily through <command>psql</>. If your
9592 1.01 or 1.02 database is named <literal>testdb</literal> and you have cut the commands
9593 from the end of this file and saved them in <filename>addfunc.sql</filename>:
9595 % psql testdb -f addfunc.sql
9598 Those upgrading 1.02 databases will get a warning when executing the
9599 last two statements in the file because they are already present in 1.02. This is
9600 not a cause for concern.
9607 <title>Dump/Reload Procedure</title>
9610 If you are trying to reload a pg_dump or text-mode, <literal>copy tablename to
9611 stdout</literal> generated with a previous version, you will need to run the
9612 attached <command>sed</command> script on the ASCII file before loading it into the
9613 database. The old format used '.' as end-of-data, while '\.' is now the
9614 end-of-data marker. Also, empty strings are now loaded in as '' rather
9615 than NULL. See the copy manual page for full details.
9618 sed 's/^\.$/\\./g' <in_file >out_file
9622 If you are loading an older binary copy or non-<systemitem>stdout</> copy, there is no
9623 end-of-data character, and hence no conversion necessary.
9626 -- following lines added by agc to reflect the case-insensitive
9627 -- regexp searching for varchar (in 1.02), and bpchar (in 1.02.1)
9628 create operator ~* (leftarg = bpchar, rightarg = text, procedure = texticregexeq);
9629 create operator !~* (leftarg = bpchar, rightarg = text, procedure = texticregexne);
9630 create operator ~* (leftarg = varchar, rightarg = text, procedure = texticregexeq);
9631 create operator !~* (leftarg = varchar, rightarg = text, procedure = texticregexne);
9637 <title>Changes</title>
9641 Source code maintenance and development
9642 * worldwide team of volunteers
9643 * the source tree now in CVS at ftp.ki.net
9646 * psql (and underlying libpq library) now has many more options for
9647 formatting output, including HTML
9648 * pg_dump now output the schema and/or the data, with many fixes to
9649 enhance completeness.
9650 * psql used in place of monitor in administration shell scripts.
9651 monitor to be deprecated in next release.
9652 * date/time functions enhanced
9653 * NULL insert/update/comparison fixed/enhanced
9654 * TCL/TK lib and shell fixed to work with both tck7.4/tk4.0 and tcl7.5/tk4.1
9656 Bug Fixes (almost too numerous to mention)
9658 * storage management
9659 * check for NULL pointer before dereferencing
9663 * added SolarisX86 port
9664 * added BSD/OS 2.1 port
9669 Contributors (appologies to any missed)
9670 * Kurt J. Lidl <lidl@va.pubnix.com>
9671 (missed in first run, but no less important)
9672 * Erich Stamberger <eberger@gewi.kfunigraz.ac.at>
9673 * Jason Wright <jason@shiloh.vnet.net>
9674 * Cees de Groot <C.deGroot@inter.NL.net>
9675 * ernst.molitor@uni-bonn.de
9676 * michael.siebenborn@ae3.Hypo.DE (Michael Siebenborn (6929))
9677 * Brian E. Gallew <geek+@cmu.edu>
9678 * Vadim B. Mikheev <vadim@sable.krasnoyarsk.su>
9679 * Adam Sussman <myddryn@vidya.com>
9680 * Chris Dunlop <chris@onthe.net.au>
9681 * Marc G. Fournier <scrappy@ki.net>
9682 * Dan McGuirk <mcguirk@indirect.com>
9683 * Dr_George_D_Detlefsen <drgeorge@ilt.com>
9684 * Erich Stamberger <eberger@gewi.kfunigraz.ac.at>
9685 * Massimo Dal Zotto <dz@cs.unitn.it>
9686 * Randy Kunkee <kunkee@Starbase.NeoSoft.COM>
9687 * Rick Weldon <rick@wisetech.com>
9688 * Thomas van Reimersdahl <reimersd@dali.techinfo.rwth-aachen.de>
9689 * david bennett <dave@bensoft.com>
9690 * ernst.molitor@uni-bonn.de
9691 * Julian Assange <proff@suburbia.net>
9692 * Bruce Momjian <pgman@candle.pha.pa.us>
9693 * Paul "Shag" Walmsley <ccshag@cclabs.missouri.edu>
9694 * "Alistair G. Crooks" <azcb0@sde.uts.amdahl.com>
9699 <sect1 id="release-1-01">
9700 <title>Release 1.01</title>
9703 <title>Release date</title>
9704 <simpara>1996-02-23</simpara>
9709 <title>Migration from version 1.0 to version 1.01</title>
9712 The following notes are for the benefit of users who want to migrate
9713 databases from <productname>Postgres95</> 1.0 to <productname>Postgres95</> 1.01.
9716 If you are starting afresh with <productname>Postgres95</> 1.01 and do not need
9717 to migrate old databases, you do not need to read any further.
9720 In order to <productname>Postgres95</> version 1.01 with databases created with
9721 <productname>Postgres95</> version 1.0, the following steps are required:
9726 Set the definition of <symbol>NAMEDATALEN</symbol> in <filename>src/Makefile.global</filename> to 16
9727 and <symbol>OIDNAMELEN</symbol> to 20.
9732 Decide whether you want to use Host based authentication.
9737 If you do, you must create a file name <literal>pg_hba</literal> in your top-level data
9738 directory (typically the value of your <envar>$PGDATA</envar>). <filename>src/libpq/pg_hba</filename>
9739 shows an example syntax.
9744 If you do not want host-based authentication, you can comment out
9749 in <filename>src/Makefile.global</filename>
9752 Note that host-based authentication is turned on by default, and if
9753 you do not take steps A or B above, the out-of-the-box 1.01 will
9754 not allow you to connect to 1.0 databases.
9762 Compile and install 1.01, but DO NOT do the <command>initdb</command> step.
9767 Before doing anything else, terminate your 1.0 postmaster, and
9768 backup your existing <envar>$PGDATA</envar> directory.
9773 Set your <envar>PGDATA</envar> environment variable to your 1.0 databases, but set up
9774 path up so that 1.01 binaries are being used.
9779 Modify the file <filename><envar>$PGDATA</envar>/PG_VERSION</filename> from 5.0 to 5.1
9784 Start up a new 1.01 postmaster
9789 Add the new built-in functions and operators of 1.01 to 1.0
9790 databases. This is done by running the new 1.01 server against
9791 your own 1.0 database and applying the queries attached and saving
9792 in the file 1.0_to_1.01.sql. This can be done easily through <command>psql</command>.
9793 If your 1.0 database is name <literal>testdb</literal>:
9796 % psql testdb -f 1.0_to_1.01.sql
9799 and then execute the following commands (cut and paste from here):
9802 -- add builtin functions that are new to 1.01
9804 create function int4eqoid (int4, oid) returns bool as 'foo'
9805 language 'internal';
9806 create function oideqint4 (oid, int4) returns bool as 'foo'
9807 language 'internal';
9808 create function char2icregexeq (char2, text) returns bool as 'foo'
9809 language 'internal';
9810 create function char2icregexne (char2, text) returns bool as 'foo'
9811 language 'internal';
9812 create function char4icregexeq (char4, text) returns bool as 'foo'
9813 language 'internal';
9814 create function char4icregexne (char4, text) returns bool as 'foo'
9815 language 'internal';
9816 create function char8icregexeq (char8, text) returns bool as 'foo'
9817 language 'internal';
9818 create function char8icregexne (char8, text) returns bool as 'foo'
9819 language 'internal';
9820 create function char16icregexeq (char16, text) returns bool as 'foo'
9821 language 'internal';
9822 create function char16icregexne (char16, text) returns bool as 'foo'
9823 language 'internal';
9824 create function texticregexeq (text, text) returns bool as 'foo'
9825 language 'internal';
9826 create function texticregexne (text, text) returns bool as 'foo'
9827 language 'internal';
9829 -- add builtin functions that are new to 1.01
9831 create operator = (leftarg = int4, rightarg = oid, procedure = int4eqoid);
9832 create operator = (leftarg = oid, rightarg = int4, procedure = oideqint4);
9833 create operator ~* (leftarg = char2, rightarg = text, procedure = char2icregexeq);
9834 create operator !~* (leftarg = char2, rightarg = text, procedure = char2icregexne);
9835 create operator ~* (leftarg = char4, rightarg = text, procedure = char4icregexeq);
9836 create operator !~* (leftarg = char4, rightarg = text, procedure = char4icregexne);
9837 create operator ~* (leftarg = char8, rightarg = text, procedure = char8icregexeq);
9838 create operator !~* (leftarg = char8, rightarg = text, procedure = char8icregexne);
9839 create operator ~* (leftarg = char16, rightarg = text, procedure = char16icregexeq);
9840 create operator !~* (leftarg = char16, rightarg = text, procedure = char16icregexne);
9841 create operator ~* (leftarg = text, rightarg = text, procedure = texticregexeq);
9842 create operator !~* (leftarg = text, rightarg = text, procedure = texticregexne);
9850 <title>Changes</title>
9855 * 1.01 is backwards compatible with 1.0 database provided the user
9856 follow the steps outlined in the MIGRATION_from_1.0_to_1.01 file.
9857 If those steps are not taken, 1.01 is not compatible with 1.0 database.
9860 * added PQdisplayTuples() to libpq and changed monitor and psql to use it
9861 * added NeXT port (requires SysVIPC implementation)
9862 * added CAST .. AS ... syntax
9863 * added ASC and DESC key words
9864 * added 'internal' as a possible language for CREATE FUNCTION
9865 internal functions are C functions which have been statically linked
9866 into the postgres backend.
9867 * a new type "name" has been added for system identifiers (table names,
9868 attribute names, etc.) This replaces the old char16 type. The
9869 of name is set by the NAMEDATALEN #define in src/Makefile.global
9870 * a readable reference manual that describes the query language.
9871 * added host-based access control. A configuration file ($PGDATA/pg_hba)
9872 is used to hold the configuration data. If host-based access control
9873 is not desired, comment out HBA=1 in src/Makefile.global.
9874 * changed regex handling to be uniform use of Henry Spencer's regex code
9875 regardless of platform. The regex code is included in the distribution
9876 * added functions and operators for case-insensitive regular expressions.
9877 The operators are ~* and !~*.
9878 * pg_dump uses COPY instead of SELECT loop for better performance
9881 * fixed an optimizer bug that was causing core dumps when
9882 functions calls were used in comparisons in the WHERE clause
9883 * changed all uses of getuid to geteuid so that effective uids are used
9884 * psql now returns non-zero status on errors when using -c
9885 * applied public patches 1-14
9891 <sect1 id="release-1-0">
9892 <title>Release 1.0</title>
9895 <title>Release date</title>
9896 <simpara>1995-09-05</simpara>
9900 <title>Changes</title>
9905 * The copyright of <productname>Postgres</productname> 1.0 has been loosened to be freely modifiable
9906 and modifiable for any purpose. Please read the COPYRIGHT file.
9907 Thanks to Professor Michael Stonebraker for making this possible.
9910 * date formats have to be MM-DD-YYYY (or DD-MM-YYYY if you're using
9911 EUROPEAN STYLE). This follows SQL-92 specs.
9912 * "delimiters" is now a key word
9915 * sql LIKE syntax has been added
9916 * copy command now takes an optional USING DELIMITER specification.
9917 delimiters can be any single-character string.
9918 * IRIX 5.3 port has been added.
9919 Thanks to Paul Walmsley and others.
9920 * updated pg_dump to work with new libpq
9921 * \d has been added psql
9922 Thanks to Keith Parks
9923 * regexp performance for architectures that use POSIX regex has been
9924 improved due to caching of precompiled patterns.
9925 Thanks to Alistair Crooks
9926 * a new version of libpq++
9927 Thanks to William Wanders
9930 * arbitrary userids can be specified in the createuser script
9931 * \c to connect to other databases in psql now works.
9932 * bad pg_proc entry for float4inc() is fixed
9933 * users with usecreatedb field set can now create databases without
9934 having to be usesuper
9935 * remove access control entries when the entry no longer has any
9937 * fixed non-portable datetimes implementation
9938 * added kerberos flags to the src/backend/Makefile
9939 * libpq now works with kerberos
9940 * typographic errors in the user manual have been corrected.
9941 * btrees with multiple index never worked, now we tell you they don't
9942 work when you try to use them
9948 <sect1 id="release-0-03">
9949 <title><productname>Postgres95</productname> Release 0.03</title>
9952 <title>Release date</title>
9953 <simpara>1995-07-21</simpara>
9957 <title>Changes</title>
9960 Incompatible changes:
9961 * BETA-0.3 IS INCOMPATIBLE WITH DATABASES CREATED WITH PREVIOUS VERSIONS
9962 (due to system catalog changes and indexing structure changes).
9963 * double-quote (") is deprecated as a quoting character for string literals;
9964 you need to convert them to single quotes ('). <!-- " -->
9965 * name of aggregates (eg. int4sum) are renamed in accordance with the
9966 SQL standard (eg. sum).
9967 * CHANGE ACL syntax is replaced by GRANT/REVOKE syntax.
9968 * float literals (eg. 3.14) are now of type float4 (instead of float8 in
9969 previous releases); you might have to do typecasting if you depend on it
9970 being of type float8. If you neglect to do the typecasting and you assign
9971 a float literal to a field of type float8, you may get incorrect values
9973 * LIBPQ has been totally revamped so that frontend applications
9974 can connect to multiple backends
9975 * the usesysid field in pg_user has been changed from int2 to int4 to
9976 allow wider range of Unix user ids.
9977 * the netbsd/freebsd/bsd o/s ports have been consolidated into a
9978 single BSD44_derived port. (thanks to Alistair Crooks)
9980 SQL standard-compliance (the following details changes that makes postgres95
9981 more compliant to the SQL-92 standard):
9982 * the following SQL types are now built-in: smallint, int(eger), float, real,
9983 char(N), varchar(N), date and time.
9985 The following are aliases to existing postgres types:
9987 integer, int -> int4
9988 float, real -> float4
9989 char(N) and varchar(N) are implemented as truncated text types. In
9990 addition, char(N) does blank-padding.
9991 * single-quote (') is used for quoting string literals; '' (in addition to
9992 \') is supported as means of inserting a single quote in a string
9993 * SQL standard aggregate names (MAX, MIN, AVG, SUM, COUNT) are used
9994 (Also, aggregates can now be overloaded, i.e. you can define your
9995 own MAX aggregate to take in a user-defined type.)
9996 * CHANGE ACL removed. GRANT/REVOKE syntax added.
9997 - Privileges can be given to a group using the "GROUP" key word.
9999 GRANT SELECT ON foobar TO GROUP my_group;
10000 The key word 'PUBLIC' is also supported to mean all users.
10002 Privileges can only be granted or revoked to one user or group
10005 "WITH GRANT OPTION" is not supported. Only class owners can change
10007 - The default access control is to to grant users readonly access.
10008 You must explicitly grant insert/update access to users. To change
10009 this, modify the line in
10010 src/backend/utils/acl.h
10011 that defines ACL_WORLD_DEFAULT
10014 * the bug where aggregates of empty tables were not run has been fixed. Now,
10015 aggregates run on empty tables will return the initial conditions of the
10016 aggregates. Thus, COUNT of an empty table will now properly return 0.
10017 MAX/MIN of an empty table will return a row of value NULL.
10018 * allow the use of \; inside the monitor
10019 * the LISTEN/NOTIFY asynchronous notification mechanism now work
10020 * NOTIFY in rule action bodies now work
10021 * hash indexes work, and access methods in general should perform better.
10022 creation of large btree indexes should be much faster. (thanks to Paul
10025 Other changes and enhancements:
10026 * addition of an EXPLAIN statement used for explaining the query execution
10027 plan (eg. "EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM EMP" prints out the execution plan for
10029 * WARN and NOTICE messages no longer have timestamps on them. To turn on
10030 timestamps of error messages, uncomment the line in
10031 src/backend/utils/elog.h:
10032 /* define ELOG_TIMESTAMPS */
10033 * On an access control violation, the message
10034 "Either no such class or insufficient privilege"
10035 will be given. This is the same message that is returned when
10036 a class is not found. This dissuades non-privileged users from
10037 guessing the existence of privileged classes.
10038 * some additional system catalog changes have been made that are not
10039 visible to the user.
10042 * The -oid option has been added to the "pg_result" tcl command.
10043 pg_result -oid returns oid of the last row inserted. If the
10044 last command was not an INSERT, then pg_result -oid returns "".
10045 * the large object interface is available as pg_lo* tcl commands:
10046 pg_lo_open, pg_lo_close, pg_lo_creat, etc.
10048 Portability enhancements and New Ports:
10049 * flex/lex problems have been cleared up. Now, you should be able to use
10050 flex instead of lex on any platforms. We no longer make assumptions of
10051 what lexer you use based on the platform you use.
10052 * The Linux-ELF port is now supported. Various configuration have been
10053 tested: The following configuration is known to work:
10054 kernel 1.2.10, gcc 2.6.3, libc 4.7.2, flex 2.5.2, bison 1.24
10055 with everything in ELF format,
10058 * ipcclean added to the distribution
10059 ipcclean usually does not need to be run, but if your backend crashes
10060 and leaves shared memory segments hanging around, ipcclean will
10061 clean them up for you.
10064 * the user manual has been revised and libpq documentation added.
10070 <sect1 id="release-0-02">
10071 <title><productname>Postgres95</productname> Release 0.02</title>
10074 <title>Release date</title>
10075 <simpara>1995-05-25</simpara>
10079 <title>Changes</title>
10083 Incompatible changes:
10084 * The SQL statement for creating a database is 'CREATE DATABASE' instead
10085 of 'CREATEDB'. Similarly, dropping a database is 'DROP DATABASE' instead
10086 of 'DESTROYDB'. However, the names of the executables 'createdb' and
10087 'destroydb' remain the same.
10090 * pgperl - a Perl (4.036) interface to Postgres95
10091 * pg_dump - a utility for dumping out a postgres database into a
10092 script file containing query commands. The script files are in a ASCII
10093 format and can be used to reconstruct the database, even on other
10094 machines and other architectures. (Also good for converting
10095 a Postgres 4.2 database to Postgres95 database.)
10097 The following ports have been incorporated into postgres95-beta-0.02:
10098 * the NetBSD port by Alistair Crooks
10099 * the AIX port by Mike Tung
10100 * the Windows NT port by Jon Forrest (more stuff but not done yet)
10101 * the Linux ELF port by Brian Gallew
10103 The following bugs have been fixed in postgres95-beta-0.02:
10104 * new lines not escaped in COPY OUT and problem with COPY OUT when first
10106 * cannot type return to use the default user id in createuser
10107 * SELECT DISTINCT on big tables crashes
10108 * Linux installation problems
10109 * monitor doesn't allow use of 'localhost' as PGHOST
10110 * psql core dumps when doing \c or \l
10111 * the "pgtclsh" target missing from src/bin/pgtclsh/Makefile
10112 * libpgtcl has a hard-wired default port number
10113 * SELECT DISTINCT INTO TABLE hangs
10114 * CREATE TYPE doesn't accept 'variable' as the internallength
10115 * wrong result using more than 1 aggregate in a SELECT
10121 <sect1 id="release-0-01">
10122 <title><productname>Postgres95</productname> Release 0.01</title>
10125 <title>Release date</title>
10126 <simpara>1995-05-01</simpara>
10135 <sect1 id="timing-results">
10136 <title>Timing Results</title>
10139 These timing results are from running the regression test with the commands
10142 % cd src/test/regress
10144 % time make runtest
10148 Timing under Linux 2.0.27 seems to have a roughly 5% variation from run
10149 to run, presumably due to the scheduling vagaries of multitasking systems.
10153 <title>Version 6.5</title>
10156 As has been the case for previous releases, timing between
10157 releases is not directly comparable since new regression tests
10158 have been added. In general, 6.5 is faster than previous
10163 Timing with <function>fsync()</function> disabled:
10167 02:00 Dual Pentium Pro 180, 224MB, UW-SCSI, Linux 2.0.36, gcc 2.7.2.3 -O2 -m486
10168 04:38 Sparc Ultra 1 143MHz, 64MB, Solaris 2.6
10173 Timing with <function>fsync()</function> enabled:
10177 04:21 Dual Pentium Pro 180, 224MB, UW-SCSI, Linux 2.0.36, gcc 2.7.2.3 -O2 -m486
10180 For the <systemitem class="osname">Linux</systemitem> system above, using <acronym>UW-SCSI</acronym> disks rather than (older) <acronym>IDE</acronym>
10181 disks leads to a 50% improvement in speed on the regression test.
10186 <title>Version 6.4beta</title>
10189 The times for this release are not directly comparable to those for previous releases
10190 since some additional regression tests have been included.
10191 In general, however, 6.4 should be slightly faster than the previous release (thanks, Bruce!).
10196 02:26 Dual Pentium Pro 180, 96MB, UW-SCSI, Linux 2.0.30, gcc 2.7.2.1 -O2 -m486
10202 <title>Version 6.3</title>
10205 The times for this release are not directly comparable to those for previous releases
10206 since some additional regression tests have been included and some obsolete tests involving
10207 time travel have been removed.
10208 In general, however, 6.3 is substantially faster than previous releases (thanks, Bruce!).
10213 02:30 Dual Pentium Pro 180, 96MB, UW-SCSI, Linux 2.0.30, gcc 2.7.2.1 -O2 -m486
10214 04:12 Dual Pentium Pro 180, 96MB, EIDE, Linux 2.0.30, gcc 2.7.2.1 -O2 -m486
10220 <title>Version 6.1</title>
10225 06:12 Pentium Pro 180, 32MB, EIDE, Linux 2.0.30, gcc 2.7.2 -O2 -m486
10226 12:06 P-100, 48MB, Linux 2.0.29, gcc
10227 39:58 Sparc IPC 32MB, Solaris 2.5, gcc 2.7.2.1 -O -g
10235 <!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file
10240 sgml-minimize-attributes:nil
10241 sgml-always-quote-attributes:t
10244 sgml-parent-document:nil
10245 sgml-default-dtd-file:"./reference.ced"
10246 sgml-exposed-tags:nil
10247 sgml-local-catalogs:("/usr/lib/sgml/catalog")
10248 sgml-local-ecat-files:nil
projects / postgresql / blob