2 $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/release.sgml,v 1.233 2003/10/31 19:51:14 momjian Exp $
5 <appendix id="release">
6 <title>Release Notes</title>
8 <sect1 id="release-7-4">
9 <title>Release 7.4</title>
11 <sect2><title>Overview</title>
12 <para> Major changes in this release:
16 <listitem><para> IN/NOT IN subqueries are now much more efficient</para>
18 In previous releases, IN/NOT IN subqueries were joined to the
19 upper query by sequentially scanning the subquery looking for
20 a join. The 7.4 code uses the same sophisticated techniques
21 used by ordinary joins and so is much faster. An IN
22 will now usually as fast as or faster than an equivalent EXISTS
23 subquery; this reverses the conventional wisdom that applied to
28 <listitem><para> Improved GROUP BY processing by using hash buckets</para>
30 In previous releases, GROUP BY values were accumulated and sorted
31 to obtain group-by counts; the 7.4 code places GROUP BY values in
32 hash buckets so sorting is not required, or reverts to the old
33 behavior if the group-by buckets will not fit in memory.
37 <listitem><para> New multi-key hash join capability</para>
39 In previous releases, hash joins could only occur on single-column
40 joins. This release allows multi-column hash joins.
44 <listitem><para> ANSI joins are now better optimized</para>
46 Prior releases evaluated ANSI join syntax only in the order
47 specified by the query; 7.4 allows full optimization of
48 queries using ANSI join syntax, meaning the optimizer considers
49 all possible join orderings and chooses the most efficient.
50 Outer joins, however, must still follow the declared ordering.
54 <listitem><para> Faster and more powerful regular expression code
57 The entire regular expression module has been replaced with a new
58 version by Henry Spencer, originally written for TCL. The code
59 greatly improves performance and supports several flavors
60 of regular expressions.
64 <listitem><para> Function-inlining for simple SQL functions</para>
66 Simple SQL functions can now be inlined by including their SQL
67 in the main query. This improves performance by preventing
68 repeated calls to the SQL function --- this allows simple
69 SQL functions to behave like macros.
73 <listitem><para> Full support for IPv6 connections and IPv6 address
76 Prior releases allowed only IPv4 connections and IP data types only
77 supported IPv4 addresses. This release adds full IPv6 support in
82 <listitem><para> Major improvements in SSL performance and
85 Several people very familiar with the SSL API have overhauled our
86 SSL code to improve SSL key negotiation and error recovery.
90 <listitem><para> Allow free space map to efficiently reuse empty index
91 pages, and other free space management improvements.</para>
93 In prior releases, index pages that were left empty because of
94 deleted rows could only be reused by rows with index values similar
95 to the original rows indexed on that page. In 7.4, VACUUM records
96 empty index pages and allows them to be used for any future index
101 <listitem><para>Implement information schema</para>
104 <listitem><para>Support for read-only transactions </para>
107 <listitem><para>Make cursors comply more closely with the SQL standard
111 <listitem><para> New client-to-server protocol adds error codes, more status
112 information, faster startup, better support for binary data transmission, parameter
113 values separated from SQL commands, prepared statements available at the
114 protocol level, clean recovery from COPY failures, and cleaner startup
115 packets. The older protocol is still supported by both servers and
120 <listitem><para> Allow cursors to exist outside transactions,
121 also called holdable cursors
125 <listitem><para> libpq and ecpg are now fully thread-safe with
126 --enable-thread-safety</para>
128 While prior libpq releases already supported threads, this release
129 improves thread safety by fixing some non-thread-safe code that
130 was used in the database connection routines.
134 <listitem><para> New version of full text indexing in /contrib/tsearch2</para>
137 <listitem><para> New autovacuum tool in /contrib</para>
139 This new tool monitors the database statistics tables for
140 INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE activity and automatically vacuums tables when
145 <listitem><para> Array handling has been improved and moved into the main
148 Many array limitations have been removed and they behave more like
149 fully-supported data types.
152 </itemizedlist></para></sect2>
154 <sect2><title> Migration to version 7.4</title>
156 <para> A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application> is
157 required for those wishing to migrate data from any previous release.</para>
159 <para> Observe the following incompatibilities:
161 <listitem><para> The server-side autocommit setting was removed and reimplemented
162 in client applications and languages.</para>
164 Server-side autocommit was causing too many problems with
165 languages and applications that wanted to control their own
166 autocommit behavior so autocommit was removed from the server
167 and added to individual client API's as appropriate.
170 <listitem><para> Error message wording has changed substantially in this release,
171 and error codes have been added.</para></listitem>
172 <listitem><para> ANSI inner joins may behave differently because they are now better optimized</para></listitem>
173 <listitem><para> A number of server variables have been renamed for
174 clarity, primarily those related to logging</para></listitem>
175 <listitem><para> MOVE/FETCH 0 now does nothing</para>
177 In prior releases, FETCH 0 would fetch all remaining rows, and
178 MOVE 0 would move to the end of the cursor.
181 <listitem><para> MOVE/FETCH now returns the actual number of rows moved/fetched, or zero
182 if at the beginning/end of the cursor</para>
184 Prior releases would return the tuple count passed to the
185 command, not the actual number of rows FETCHed or MOVEd.
188 <listitem><para> COPY now can process carriage-return and
189 carriage-return/line-feed end-of-line terminated files.</para></listitem>
190 <listitem><para>Literal carriage-returns and line-feeds are no
191 longer accepted as data values; use \r and \n instead.</para></listitem>
192 <listitem><para> Trailing spaces are now trimmed when converting
193 from <type>CHAR(n)</type> to
194 <type>VARCHAR(n)</type> / <type>TEXT</type></para></listitem>
195 <listitem><para> <function>FLOAT(p)</function> now measures 'p' in bits, not digits</para></listitem>
196 <listitem><para> Ambiguous date values now must match the ordering specified by DateStyle</para>
198 In prior releases, a date of <literal>10/20/03</> was
199 interpreted as a date in October even if the
200 <varname>DateStyle</> specified the day should be first. In
201 7.4, <varname>DateStyle</> is honored when converting such
202 values and will throw an error if the date is invalid for the
203 current <varname>DateStyle</>.
206 <listitem><para> The <function>oidrand()</function>, <function>oidsrand()</function>,
207 and <function>userfntest()</function> functions have been removed.</para>
209 These functions were determined to be no longer useful.
212 <listitem><para> <literal>'now'</literal> will no longer work as a column default; <function>now()</> or
213 <function>CURRENT_TIMESTAMP</> should be used instead</para>
215 In prior releases, there was special code so the string
216 <literal>'now'</literal> was interpreted at
217 <command>INSERT</> time and not at table creation time, but
218 this work around didn't cover all cases. Release 7.4
219 now requires that defaults be defined properly using the
220 <function>now()</> or the special value
221 <function>CURRENT_TIMESTAMP</>. These will work in all
225 <listitem><para> <literal>'today'</literal> will no longer work as a column default; <function>CURRENT_DATE</>
226 should be used instead</para>
228 Same description as above.
231 <listitem><para> Dollar sign (<literal>$</>) is no longer allowed in operator names</para></listitem>
232 <listitem><para> Dollar sign (<literal>$</>) can be a non-first character in identifiers</para>
234 This was done to improve compatibility with other database
238 <listitem><para>Syntax errors now reported as 'syntax error' rather than 'parse error' (Tom)</para></listitem>
239 </itemizedlist></para></sect2>
241 <sect2><title> Server Operation Changes</title>
243 <listitem><para>Allow IPv6 server connections (Nigel Kukard, Johan Jordaan, Bruce, Tom, Kurt
244 Roeckx, Andrew Dunstan)</para></listitem>
245 <listitem><para>Fix SSL to handle errors cleanly (Nathan Mueller)
247 In prior releases, certain rare SSL API error reports were not
248 handled correctly. This release fixes those problems.
252 <listitem><para>SSL protocol security and performance improvements (Sean Chittenden)</para>
254 SSL key renegotiation was happening too frequently, causing poor SSL
255 performance. Also, initial key handling was improved.
258 <listitem><para>Print lock information when a deadlock is detected (Tom)</para>
260 This allows easier debugging of deadlock situations.
263 <listitem><para>Update <filename>/tmp</filename> socket mod. times regularly to avoid their removal (Tom)</para>
265 This should help prevent <filename>/tmp</filename> directory cleaner
266 administration scripts from removing server socket files.
269 <listitem><para>Enable PAM for Mac OS X (Aaron Hillegass)</para></listitem>
270 <listitem><para>Make btree indexes fully WAL-safe (Tom)</para>
272 In prior releases, under certain rare cases, a server crash could
273 cause btree indexes to become corrupt. This release removes those
277 <listitem><para>Allow btree index compaction and empty page reuse (Tom)</para></listitem>
278 <listitem><para>Fix inconsistent index lookups during split of first root page (Tom)</para>
280 In prior releases, when a single-page index split into two page,
281 there was a brief period when another database session would miss
282 seeing an index entry. This failure was possible primarly on
283 multi-cpu machines. This release fixes that rare failure case.
286 <listitem><para>Improve free space map allocation logic (Tom)</para></listitem>
287 <listitem><para>Preserve free space information between postmaster restarts (Tom)</para>
289 In prior releases, the free space map was not saved when the
290 postmaster was stopped, so newly started servers has no free space
291 information. This release saves the free space map, which is loaded
292 when the server is restarted.
295 <listitem><para>Set proper schema permissions in initdb (Peter)</para></listitem>
296 <listitem><para>Add start time to pg_stat_activity (Neil)</para></listitem>
297 <listitem><para>New code to detect corrupt disk pages; erase with zero_damaged_pages (Tom)</para></listitem>
298 <listitem><para>New client/server protocol: faster, no username length limit, allow
299 clean exit from COPY (Tom)</para></listitem>
300 <listitem><para>Add transaction status, tableid, columnid to backend protocol (Tom)</para></listitem>
301 <listitem><para>Add new binary I/O protocol (Tom)</para></listitem>
302 <listitem><para>Remove autocommit server setting; move to client applications (Tom)</para></listitem>
303 <listitem><para>New error message wording, error codes, and three levels of error detail (Tom)</para></listitem>
304 </itemizedlist></sect2>
306 <sect2><title>Performance Changes</title>
310 <listitem><para>Add hashing for GROUP BY aggregates (Tom)</para></listitem>
311 <listitem><para>Allow nested loops to be smarter about multicolumn indexes (Tom)</para></listitem>
312 <listitem><para>Allow multi-key hash joins (Tom)</para></listitem>
313 <listitem><para>Improve constant folding (Tom)</para></listitem>
314 <listitem><para>Add ability to inline simple SQL functions (Tom)</para></listitem>
315 <listitem><para>Reduce memory usage for queries using complex functions (Tom)</para>
317 In prior releases, functions returning allocated memory would
318 not free it until the query completed. This release allows the
319 freeing of function-allocated memory when the function call
320 completes, reducing the total memory used by functions.
323 <listitem><para>Improve GEQO optimizer performance (Tom)</para>
325 There were several inefficiencies in the way the GEQO optimizer
326 managed potential query paths. This release fixes this.
329 <listitem><para>Allow IN/NOT IN to be handled via hash tables (Tom)</para></listitem>
330 <listitem><para>Improve NOT IN (subquery) performance (Tom)</para></listitem>
331 <listitem><para>Allow most IN subqueries to be processed as joins (Tom)</para></listitem>
332 <listitem><para>Allow the postmaster to preload libraries using preload_libraries (Joe)</para>
334 For shared libraries that require a long time to load, this option
335 is available so the library can be pre-loaded in the postmaster and
336 inherited by all database sessions.
339 <listitem><para>Improve optimizer cost computations, particularly for subqueries (Tom)</para></listitem>
340 <listitem><para>Avoid sort when subquery ORDER BY matches upper query (Tom)</para></listitem>
341 <listitem><para>Assume WHERE a.x = b.y and b.y = 42 also means a.x = 42 (Tom)</para></listitem>
342 <listitem><para>Allow hash/merge joins on complex joins (Tom)</para></listitem>
343 <listitem><para>Allow hash joins for more data types (Tom)</para></listitem>
344 <listitem><para>Allow join optimization of ANSI inner joins, disable with join_collapse_limit (Tom)</para></listitem>
345 <listitem><para>Add from_collapse_limit to control conversion of subqueries to joins (Tom)</para></listitem>
346 <listitem><para>Use faster and more powerful regular expression code from TCL (Henry Spencer, Tom)</para></listitem>
347 <listitem><para>Use bit-mapped relation sets in the optimizer (Tom)</para></listitem>
348 <listitem><para>Improve backend startup time (Tom)</para>
350 The new network protocol requires fewer network packets to start a
354 <listitem><para>Improve trigger/constraint performance (Stephan)</para></listitem>
355 <listitem><para>Improve speed of col IN (const, const, const, ...) (Tom)</para></listitem>
356 <listitem><para>Fix hash indexes which were broken in rare cases (Tom)</para></listitem>
357 <listitem><para>Improve hash index concurrency and speed (Tom)</para>
359 Prior releases suffered from poor hash index performance,
360 particularly for high concurrency situations. This release fixes
361 that, and the development group is interested in reports comparing
362 btree and hash index performance.
365 <listitem><para>Align shared buffers on 32-byte boundary for copy speed improvement (Manfred Spraul)</para>
367 Certain CPU's perform faster data copies when addresses are 32-byte
371 <listitem><para>The NUMERIC datatype has been reimplemented for better performance (Tom)</para>
373 NUMERIC used to be stored in base-100. The new code uses base-10000,
374 for significantly better performance.
377 </itemizedlist></sect2>
379 <sect2><title>Server Configuration Changes</title>
382 <listitem><para>Rename server parameter server_min_messages to log_min_messages (Bruce)</para>
384 This was done so most parameters that control the server logs being
385 with <literal>log_</>.
388 <listitem><para>Rename show_*_stats to log_*_stats (Bruce)</para></listitem>
389 <listitem><para>Rename show_source_port to log_source_port (Bruce)</para></listitem>
390 <listitem><para>Rename hostname_lookup to log_hostname (Bruce)</para></listitem>
391 <listitem><para>Add checkpoint_warning to warn of excessive checkpointing (Bruce)</para>
393 In prior releases, it was difficult to determine if checkpoint was
394 happening too frequently. This feature adds a warning to the server
395 logs when excessive checkpointing happens.
398 <listitem><para>New read-only server parameters for localization (Tom)</para></listitem>
399 <listitem><para>Change debug server log messages to output as DEBUG rather than LOG (Bruce)</para></listitem>
400 <listitem><para>Prevent server log variables from being turned off by non-super users (Bruce)</para>
402 This is a security feature so non-super-users can't disable logging
403 that was enabled by the administrator.
406 <listitem><para>log_min_messages/client_min_messages now controls debug_* output (Bruce)</para>
408 This centralizes client debug information so all debug output can
409 be sent to either the client or server logs.
412 <listitem><para>Add Mac OS X Rendezvous server support (Chris Campbell)</para>
414 This allows Mac OS X machines to query the network for available
418 <listitem><para>Add ability to print only slow statements using log_min_duration_statement
421 This is an often requested debugging feature that allows administrators to
422 see only slow queries in their server logs.
425 <listitem><para>Allow pg_hba.conf to accept netmasks in CIDR format (Andrew Dunstan)</para>
427 This allows administrators to merge the host IP address and netmask
428 fields into a single CIDR field in pg_hba.conf.
431 <listitem><para>New is_superuser read-only variable (Tom)</para></listitem>
432 <listitem><para>New server-side parameter log_error_verbosity to control error detail (Tom)</para>
434 This works with the new error reporting feature to supply additional
435 error information like hints, file names and line numbers.
438 <listitem><para>postgres --describe-config now dumps server config variables (Aizaz Ahmed, Peter)</para>
440 This option is useful for administration tools that need to know the
441 configuration variable names and their minimum, maximums, defaults,
445 <listitem><para>Make default shared_buffers 1000 and max_connections 100, if possible (Tom)</para>
447 Prior versions defaulted to 64 shared buffers so PostgreSQL would
448 start on even old computers. This release tests the amount of shared
449 memory supported by the hardware and sizes it accordingly. Of
450 course, users are still encouraged to evaluate their resource load
451 and size shared_buffers accordingly.
454 <listitem><para>Add new columns in pg_settings: context, type, source, min_val, max_val (Joe)</para></listitem>
455 <listitem><para>New pg_hba.conf 'hostnossl' to prevent SSL connections (Jon Jensen)</para>
457 In prior releases, there was no way to prevent SSL connections if
458 both the client and server supported SSL. This option allows that
462 <listitem><para>Remove geqo_random_seed server parameter (Tom)</para></listitem>
463 </itemizedlist></sect2>
465 <sect2><title>Query Changes</title>
468 <listitem><para>New SQL-standard information schema (Peter)</para>
473 <listitem><para>Add read-only transactions (Peter)</para></listitem>
474 <listitem><para>Add server variable regex_flavor to control regular expression
475 processing (Tom)</para></listitem>
476 <listitem><para>Print key name and value in foreign-key violation messages (Dmitry Tkach)</para></listitem>
477 <listitem><para>Allow users to see their own queries in pg_stat_activity (Kevin Brown)</para>
479 In prior releases, only the super-user could see query strings using
480 pg_stat_activity. Now ordinary users can see their own query
484 <listitem><para>Fix aggregates in subqueries to match SQL spec (Tom)</para>
486 The SQL spec says that an aggregate function appearing within a nested
487 subquery belongs to the outer query if its argument contains only
488 outer-query variables. Prior PG releases did not handle this fine point
492 <listitem><para>Add option to prevent auto-addition of tables referenced in query (Nigel J.
495 By default, tables mentioned in the query are automatically added
496 to the FROM clause if they are not already there. This is compatible with
497 historic Postgres behavior but is contrary to the SQL spec.
498 This option allows selecting spec-compatible behavior.
501 <listitem><para>Allow UPDATE ... SET col = DEFAULT (Rod)</para>
503 This allows UPDATE to set a column to its default value.
506 <listitem><para>Allow expressions to be used in LIMIT/OFFSET (Tom)</para>
508 In prior releases, LIMIT/OFFSET could only use constants, not
512 <listitem><para>Change EXECUTE INTO to CREATE TABLE AS EXECUTE (Peter)</para>
517 </itemizedlist></sect2>
519 <sect2><title>Object Manipulation Changes</title>
522 <listitem><para>Make CREATE SEQUENCE grammar more SQL1999 standards compliant (Neil)</para>
527 <listitem><para>Add FOR EACH STATEMENT statement-level triggers (Neil)</para>
529 While this allows a trigger to fire at the end of a statement, it
530 does not allow the trigger to access all rows modified by the
531 query. This capability is planned for a future release.
534 <listitem><para>Add DOMAIN CHECK constraints (Rod)</para>
536 This greatly increases the usefulness of domains by allowing them to
537 use CHECK constraints.
540 <listitem><para>Add ALTER DOMAIN .. SET / DROP NOT NULL, SET / DROP DEFAULT, ADD / DROP
541 CONSTRAINT (Rod) </para>
543 This allows manipulation of existing domains.
546 <listitem><para>Fix several zero-column table bugs (Tom)</para>
548 PostgreSQL supports zero-column tables. This fixes various bugs
549 that occur when using such tables.
552 <listitem><para>Have ALTER TABLE ... ADD PRIMARY KEY add NOT NULL constraint (Rod)</para>
554 In prior releases, ALTER TABLE ADD PRIMARY would add a unique index,
555 but not a NOT NULL constraint. That is fixed in this release.
558 <listitem><para>Add ALTER DOMAIN OWNER (Rod)</para></listitem>
559 <listitem><para>Add ALTER TABLE ... WITHOUT OIDS (Rod)</para>
561 This allows control over whether new and updated rows will have an
562 oid column. This is most useful for saving storage space.
565 <listitem><para>Add ALTER SEQUENCE to modify min/max/increment/cache/cycle values (Rod)</para></listitem>
566 <listitem><para>Add ALTER TABLE ... CLUSTER ON (Alvaro Herrera)</para>
568 This command is used by pg_dump to record the CLUSTER column
569 for each table previously clustered. This information is used by database-wide
570 cluster to cluster all previously clustered tables.
573 <listitem><para>Improve DOMAIN automatic type casting (Rod, Tom)</para></listitem>
574 <listitem><para>Allow dollar signs in identifiers, except as first character (Tom)</para></listitem>
575 <listitem><para>Disallow dollar signs in operator names, so x=$1 works (Tom)</para></listitem>
576 <listitem><para>Allow SQL200X inheritance syntax LIKE <emphasis>subtable</emphasis>, INCLUDING DEFAULTS (Rod)</para></listitem>
577 <listitem><para>Add WITH GRANT OPTION clause to GRANT, per SQL spec (Peter)</para>
579 Allow GRANT to give other users the ability to grant permissions on
583 </itemizedlist></sect2>
585 <sect2><title>Utility Command Changes</title>
587 <listitem><para>Add ON COMMIT clause to CREATE TABLE for temp tables (Gavin)</para>
589 This adds the ability for a table to be dropped or all rows deleted
590 on transaction commit.
593 <listitem><para>Allow cursors outside transactions using WITH HOLD (Neil)</para>
595 In previous releases, cursors were removed at the end of the
596 transaction. Using WITH HOLD, the current release allows transaction
597 to remain outside their own transaction.
600 <listitem><para>MOVE/FETCH 0 now does nothing (Bruce)</para>
602 In previous releases, MOVE 0 moved to the end of the cursor, and
603 FETCH 0 fetched all remaning rows.
606 <listitem><para>Cause MOVE/FETCH to return the number of rows moved/fetched, or zero if at the beginning/end of cursor,
607 per SQL spec (Bruce)</para>
609 In prior releases, the row count returned by MOVE and FETCH did
610 not accurately reflect the number of rows processed.
613 <listitem><para>Properly handle SCROLL with cursors, or report an error (Neil)</para>
615 Certain cursors can not be fetched backwards optimally. By specifying SCROLL,
616 extra work will be performed to guarantee that the cursor can be
617 fetched in reverse or random order.
620 <listitem><para>Implement SQL92-compatible FIRST, LAST, ABSOLUTE n, RELATIVE n options
621 for FETCH and MOVE (Tom)</para></listitem>
622 <listitem><para>Allow EXPLAIN on DECLARE CURSOR (Tom)</para>
624 Prior versions would not allow EXPLAIN on a DECLARE statement.
627 <listitem><para>Allow CLUSTER to use index marked as pre-clustered by default (Alvaro Herrera)</para></listitem>
628 <listitem><para>Allow CLUSTER to cluster all tables (Alvaro Herrera)
630 This allows all previously clustered tables in a database to be
631 reclustered with a single command.
634 <listitem><para>Prevent CLUSTER on partial indexes (Tom)</para></listitem>
635 <listitem><para>Allow \r and \r\n termination for COPY files (Bruce)</para></listitem>
636 <listitem><para>Disallow literal carriage return as a data value, backslash-carriage-return
637 and \r are still allowed (Bruce)</para></listitem>
638 <listitem><para>COPY changes (binary, \.)? (Tom)</para></listitem>
639 <listitem><para>Recover from COPY IN/OUT failure cleanly (Tom)</para></listitem>
640 <listitem><para>Prevent possible memory leaks in COPY (Tom)</para></listitem>
641 <listitem><para>Make TRUNCATE transaction-safe (Rod)</para>
643 Truncate can now be used inside a transaction, and rolled back if
644 the transaction aborts.
647 <listitem><para>Multiple pg_dump fixes, including tar format and large objects</para></listitem>
648 <listitem><para>Allow pg_dump to dump specific schemas (Neil)</para></listitem>
649 <listitem><para>Allow pg_dump to preserve column storage characteristics (Christopher)</para>
651 This preserves ALTER TABLE ... SET STORAGE information.
654 <listitem><para>Allow pg_dump to preserve CLUSTER characteristics (Christopher)</para></listitem>
655 <listitem><para>Have pg_dumpall use GRANT/REVOKE to dump database-level permissions (Tom)</para></listitem>
656 <listitem><para>Allow pg_dumpall to support the -a, -s, -x options of pg_dump (Tom)</para></listitem>
657 <listitem><para>Prevent pg_dump from lowercasing identifiers specified on the command line (Tom)</para></listitem>
658 <listitem><para>Allow PREPARE/bind of utility commands like FETCH and EXPLAIN (Tom)</para></listitem>
659 <listitem><para>Add EXPLAIN EXECUTE (Neil)</para></listitem>
660 <listitem><para>Allow pg_get_constraintdef() to support UNIQUE, PRIMARY KEY and
661 CHECK constraints (Christopher)</para></listitem>
662 <listitem><para>Improve VACUUM performance on indexes by reducing WAL traffic (Tom)</para></listitem>
663 <listitem><para>Allow pg_ctl to better handle non-standard ports (Greg)</para></listitem>
664 <listitem><para>Functional indexes have been generalized into expressional indexes (Tom)</para>
666 In prior releases, only columns could be used in functional indexes.
667 This release allows any type of expression.
670 <listitem><para>Syntax errors now reported as 'syntax error' rather than 'parse error' (Tom)</para></listitem>
671 <listitem><para>Have SHOW TRANSACTION_ISOLATION match input to SET TRANSACTION_ISOLATION (Tom)</para></listitem>
672 <listitem><para>Have COMMENT ON DATABASE on non-local database generate a warning (Rod)</para>
674 Database comments are stored in database-local tables so comments on
675 a database have to be stored in each database.
678 <listitem><para>Improve reliability of LISTEN/NOTIFY (Tom)</para></listitem>
679 <listitem><para>Allow REINDEX to reliably reindex non-shared system catalog indexes (Tom)</para>
681 This allows system tables to be reindexed without the requirement of
682 a standalone backend, which was necessary in previous releases. The
683 only tables that now require a standalone backend for reindex are
684 the global system tables pg_database, pg_shadow, and pg_group.
687 <listitem><para>pg_dump --use-set-session-authorization and --no-reconnect now do nothing,
688 all dumps use SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION </para>
690 pg_dump now no longer reconnects to switch users, but instead uses
691 SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION. This should reduce password prompting
695 <listitem><para>Long options for <application>pg_dump</application> are now available on all platforms</para>
697 We now include our own long option processing routines.
700 </itemizedlist></sect2>
703 <sect2><title>Data Type and Function Changes</title>
705 <listitem><para>New extra_float_digits server parameter to control float precision display
706 (Pedro Ferreira, Tom) </para>
708 This controls precision output which was causing regression
712 <listitem><para>Allow +1300 as a numeric timezone specifier, for FJST (Tom)</para></listitem>
713 <listitem><para>Remove rarely used oidrand(), oidsrand(), and userfntest() functions (Neil)</para></listitem>
714 <listitem><para>Add md5() function to main server, already in /contrib/pgcrypto (Joe)</para>
716 An md5 function was frequently requested. For more complex
717 encryption capabilities, use /contrib/pgcrypto.
720 <listitem><para>Increase date range of timestamp (John Cochran)</para>
725 <listitem><para>Change EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM timestamp) so timestamp without time zone
726 is assumed to be in local time, not GMT (Tom)</para></listitem>
727 <listitem><para>Trap division by zero in case the operating system doesn't prevent it (Tom)</para></listitem>
728 <listitem><para>Change the NUMERIC data type internally to base 10000 (Tom)</para></listitem>
729 <listitem><para>New hostmask() function (Greg Wickham)</para></listitem>
730 <listitem><para>Fixes for to_char() (Karel)</para></listitem>
731 <listitem><para>Allow functions that can take any argument data type and return
732 any data type, using ANYELEMENT and ANYARRAY (Joe) </para>
734 This allows the creation of functions that can work with any data
738 <listitem><para>Arrays may now be specified as ARRAY[1,2,3], ARRAY[['a','b'],['c','d']],
739 or ARRAY[ARRAY[ARRAY[2]]] (Joe)</para></listitem>
740 <listitem><para>Allow proper comparisons for arrays (Joe)</para></listitem>
741 <listitem><para>Allow array concatenation with '||' (Joe)</para></listitem>
742 <listitem><para>Allow indexes on array columns, and used in ORDER BY and DISTINCT (Joe)</para></listitem>
743 <listitem><para>Allow WHERE qualification 'expr >oper< ANY/SOME/ALL (array-expr)' (Joe)</para>
745 This allows arrays to behave like subqueries or a list of values:
746 SELECT * FROM tab WHERE col IN array_val
749 <listitem><para>New array functions array_append(), array_cat(), array_lower(),
750 array_prepend(), array_to_string(), array_upper(), string_to_array() (Joe)</para></listitem>
751 <listitem><para>Allow user defined aggregates to use polymorphic functions (Joe)</para></listitem>
752 <listitem><para>Allow assignments to empty arrays (Joe)</para></listitem>
753 <listitem><para>Allow 60 in seconds fields of timestamp, time, interval input values (Tom)</para>
755 Sixty-second values are needed for leap seconds.
758 <listitem><para>Allow CIDR data type to be cast to text (Tom)</para></listitem>
759 <listitem><para>Allow the creation of special LIKE indexes for non-C locales (Peter)</para>
761 There is no way for non-ASCII locales to use indexes for LIKE
762 comparisons. However, this release adds a way to create a special
763 index for LIKE. bjm ??
766 <listitem><para>Disallow invalid timezone names (Tom)</para></listitem>
767 <listitem><para>Trim trailing spaces when CHAR() is cast to VARCHAR or TEXT (Tom)</para></listitem>
768 <listitem><para>Make FLOAT(p) measure the precision p in bits, not decimal digits (Tom)</para></listitem>
769 <listitem><para>Add IPv6 support to the inet and cidr data types (Michael Graff)</para></listitem>
770 <listitem><para>Add family() function to report whether address is IPv4 or IPv6 (Michael Graff)</para></listitem>
771 <listitem><para>Have SHOW DATESTYLE generate output similar to that used by SET DATESTYLE (Tom)</para></listitem>
772 <listitem><para>Make EXTRACT(TIMEZONE) and SET/SHOW TIMEZONE follow the SQL convention
773 for the sign of timezone offsets, ie, positive is east from UTC (Tom)</para></listitem>
774 <listitem><para>Fix date_trunc('quarter',...) (B?jthe Zolt?n)</para>
776 Prior releases returned an incorrect value for this function call.
779 <listitem><para>Make initcap() more compatible with Oracle (Mike Nolan)</para>
784 <listitem><para>Allow only DateStyle field order for date values not in ISO format (Greg)</para></listitem>
785 <listitem><para>Add new DateStyle values MDY, DMY, and YMD; honor US and European for
786 backward compatibility (Tom)</para></listitem>
787 <listitem><para>'now' will no longer work as a column default, use now() (change required for
788 prepared statements) (Tom)</para></listitem>
789 <listitem><para>Assume NaN value to be larger than any other value in MIN()/MAX() (Tom)</para></listitem>
790 <listitem><para>Prevent interval from suppressing ':00' seconds display</para></listitem>
791 <listitem><para>New pg_get_triggerdef(prettyprint) and pg_constraint_is_visible() functions</para></listitem>
792 <listitem><para>Allow time to be specified as '040506' or '0405' (Tom)</para></listitem>
793 </itemizedlist></sect2>
795 <sect2><title>Server-side Language Changes</title>
798 <listitem><para>Prevent PL/pgSQL crash when RETURN NEXT is used on a
799 zero-row record variable (Tom)</para></listitem>
800 <listitem><para>Make PL/python's spi_execute interface handle NULLs properly (Andrew Bosma)</para></listitem>
801 <listitem><para>Allow PL/pgSQL to declare variables of composite types without %ROWTYPE (Tom)</para></listitem>
802 <listitem><para>Fix PL/python _quote() function to handle big integers (?)</para></listitem>
803 <listitem><para>Make PL/python an untrusted language, now called plpythonu (Kevin Jacobs, Tom)</para>
805 The Python language no longer supports a restricted execution
806 environment, so we removed the trusted version of PL/python. If this
807 situation changes, we will re-add a version of PL/python that can be
808 used by non-super users.
811 <listitem><para>Allow polymorphic PL/pgSQL functions (Tom, Joe)</para></listitem>
812 <listitem><para>Allow polymorphic SQL functions (Joe)</para>
817 <listitem><para>Improved compiled function caching mechanism in PL/pgSQL with full
818 support for polymorphism (Joe)</para></listitem>
819 <listitem><para>Add new $0 parameter in PL/pgSQL representing the function's actual
820 return type (Joe)</para></listitem>
821 <listitem><para>Allow pltcl and plpython use the same trigger on multiple tables (Tom)</para></listitem>
822 <listitem><para>Fixed PL/Tcl's spi_prepare to accept full qualified type names in
823 the parameter type list (Jan)</para></listitem>
824 </itemizedlist></sect2>
826 <sect2><title>Psql Changes</title>
829 <listitem><para>Add "\pset pager always" to always use pager (Greg)</para>
831 This forces the pager to be used even if the number of rows is less
832 than the screen height --- this is valuable for rows that wrap
833 across several screen rows.
836 <listitem><para>Improve tab completion (Rod, Ross Reedstrom, Ian Barwick)</para></listitem>
837 <listitem><para>Reorder \? help into groupings (Harald Armin Massa, Bruce)</para></listitem>
838 <listitem><para>Add backslash commands for listing schemas, casts, and conversions (Christopher)</para></listitem>
839 <listitem><para>\encoding now changes based on the client_encoding server variable (Tom)</para>
841 In previous versions, \encoding was not aware of encoding changes
842 made using SET CLIENT_ENCODING.
845 <listitem><para>Save edit history into readline history (Ross)</para>
847 When \e is used to edit a query, the result is saved in the readline
848 history for retrieval using the up arrow.
851 <listitem><para>Improve \d display (Christopher)</para></listitem>
852 <listitem><para>Enhance HTML mode to be more standards-compliant (Greg)</para></listitem>
853 <listitem><para>New '\set AUTOCOMMIT off' capability (Tom)</para>
855 This takes the place of the remove server variable 'autocommit'.
858 <listitem><para>New '\set VERBOSITY' to control error detail (Tom)</para>
860 This controls the new error reporting details.
863 <listitem><para>New %T prompt string to show transaction status (Tom)</para></listitem>
864 <listitem><para>Long options for <application>psql</application> are now available on all platforms</para></listitem>
865 </itemizedlist></sect2>
867 <sect2><title>Libpq Changes</title>
870 <listitem><para>Allow PQcmdTuples() to return row counts for MOVE and FETCH (Neil)</para></listitem>
871 <listitem><para>Add PQfreemem() for freeing memory on Win32, suggest for NOTIFY (Bruce)</para>
873 Win32 requires that memory allocated in a library be freed by a
874 function in the same library, hence free() doesn't work for freeing
875 memory allocated by libpq. PQfreemem() is the proper way to free
876 libpq memory, especially on Win32, and is recommended for other
880 <listitem><para>Document service capability, and add sample file (Bruce)</para>
882 This allows clients to look up connection information in a central
883 file on the client machine.
886 <listitem><para>Make PQsetdbLogin() have the same defaults as PQconnectdb() (Tom)</para></listitem>
887 <listitem><para>Allow libpq to cleanly fail when result sets are too large (Tom)</para></listitem>
888 <listitem><para>Improve performance of PGunescapeBytea() (Ben Lamb)</para></listitem>
889 <listitem><para>Allow thread-safe libpq with --enable-thread-safety (Lee Kindness, Philip Yarra)</para></listitem>
890 <listitem><para>Allow pqInternalNotice() to accept a format string and args instead of
891 just a preformatted message (Tom, Sean Chittenden)</para></listitem>
892 <listitem><para>Allow control SSL negotiation with sslmode values "disable", "allow",
893 "prefer", and "require" (Jon Jensen)</para></listitem>
894 <listitem><para>Allow new error codes and levels of text (Tom)</para></listitem>
895 <listitem><para>Allow access to the underlying table and column of a query result (Tom)</para>
897 This is helpful for query-builder applications that want to know the
898 underlying table and column names associated with a specific result
902 <listitem><para>Allow access to the current transaction status (Tom)</para></listitem>
903 <listitem><para>Add ability to pass binary data directly to the backend (Tom)</para></listitem>
904 <listitem><para>Add PQexecPrepared() and PQsendQueryPrepared() functions which
905 perform Bind/Execute of previously prepared statements (Tom)</para></listitem>
906 </itemizedlist></sect2>
908 <sect2><title>JDBC Changes</title>
911 <listitem><para>Allow setNull on updateable resultsets</para></listitem>
912 <listitem><para>Allow executeBatch on a prepared statement (Barry)</para></listitem>
913 <listitem><para>Support SSL connections (Barry)</para></listitem>
914 <listitem><para>Handle schema names in result sets (Paul Sorenson)</para></listitem>
915 <listitem><para>Add refcursor support (Nic Ferrier)</para></listitem>
916 </itemizedlist></sect2>
918 <sect2><title>Miscellaneous Interface Changes</title>
920 <listitem><para>Prevent possible memory leak or core dump during libpgtcl shutdown (Tom)</para></listitem>
921 <listitem><para>Add ecpg Informix compatibility (Michael)</para>
923 This allows ecpg to process embedded C programs that were written
924 using certain Informix extensions.
927 <listitem><para>Add ecpg DECIMAL type that is fixed length, for Informix (Michael)</para></listitem>
928 <listitem><para>Allow thread-safe ecpg with --enable-thread-safety (Lee Kindness, Bruce)</para>
930 This allows multiple ecpg threads to access the database at the same
934 <listitem><para>Move python client interface to http://www.pygresql.org (Marc)</para></listitem>
935 </itemizedlist></sect2>
937 <sect2><title>Source Code Changes</title>
941 <listitem><para>Prevent need for separate platform geometry regression result files (Tom)</para></listitem>
942 <listitem><para>Improved PPC locking primitive (Reinhard Max)</para></listitem>
943 <listitem><para>Embed LD_LIBRARY_PATH used for build process into binaries (Billy)</para></listitem>
944 <listitem><para>New palloc0 function to allocate and clear memory (Bruce)</para></listitem>
945 <listitem><para>Fix locking code for s390x CPU (64-bit) (Tom)</para></listitem>
946 <listitem><para>Allow OpenBSD to use local ident credentials (William Ahern)</para></listitem>
947 <listitem><para>Make query plan trees read-only to executor (Tom)</para></listitem>
948 <listitem><para>Add Darwin startup scripts (David Wheeler)</para></listitem>
949 <listitem><para>Allow libpq to compile with Borland C++ compiler (Lester Godwin, Karl Waclawek)</para></listitem>
950 <listitem><para>Use our own version of getopt_long() if needed (Peter)</para></listitem>
951 <listitem><para>Convert administration scripts to C (Peter)</para></listitem>
952 <listitem><para>Bison >= 1.85 is now required to build the PostgreSQL grammar, if building from CVS</para></listitem>
953 <listitem><para>Merge documentation into one book (Peter)</para></listitem>
954 <listitem><para>Add Win32 compatibility functions (Bruce)</para></listitem>
955 <listitem><para>Allow client interfaces to compile under MinGW/Win32 (Bruce)</para></listitem>
956 <listitem><para>New ereport() function for error reporting (Tom)</para></listitem>
957 <listitem><para>Support Intel Linux compiler (Peter)</para></listitem>
958 <listitem><para>Improve Linux startup scripts (Slawomir Sudnik, Darko Prenosil)</para></listitem>
959 <listitem><para>Add support for AMD Opteron and Itanium (Jeffrey W. Baker, Bruce)</para></listitem>
960 <listitem><para>Remove --enable-recode option to configure</para>
962 This was no longer needed now that we have CREATE CONVERSION.
965 <listitem><para>Generate a compile error if spinlock code is not found (Bruce)</para>
967 Platforms without spinlock code will now fail to compile, rather
968 than silently using semaphores. This failure can be disabled with a
969 new configure option.
972 </itemizedlist></sect2>
974 <sect2><title>Contrib Changes</title>
977 <listitem><para>Change dbmirror license to BSD</para></listitem>
978 <listitem><para>Improve earthdistance (Bruno Wolff III)</para></listitem>
979 <listitem><para>Portability improvements to pgcrypto (Marko Kreen)</para></listitem>
980 <listitem><para>Prevent xml crash (John Gray, Michael Richards)</para></listitem>
981 <listitem><para>Update oracle</para></listitem>
982 <listitem><para>Update mysql</para></listitem>
983 <listitem><para>Update cube (Bruno Wolff III)</para></listitem>
984 <listitem><para>Update earthdistance to use cube (Bruno Wolff III)</para></listitem>
985 <listitem><para>Update btree_gist (Oleg)</para></listitem>
986 <listitem><para>New tsearch2 full-text search module (Oleg, Teodor)</para></listitem>
987 <listitem><para>Add hashed based crosstab function to tablefuncs (Joe)</para></listitem>
988 <listitem><para>Add serial column to order connectby() siblings in tablefuncs (Nabil Sayegh,Joe)</para></listitem>
989 <listitem><para>Add named persistent connections to dblink (Shridhar Daithanka)</para></listitem>
990 <listitem><para>New pg_autovacuum allows automatic VACUUM (Matthew T. O'Connor)</para></listitem>
991 <listitem><para>Allow pgbench to honor PGHOST, PGPORT, PGUSER env. variables (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
992 <listitem><para>Improve intarray (Teodor Sigaev)</para></listitem>
993 <listitem><para>Improve pgstattuple (Rod)</para></listitem>
994 <listitem><para>Fix bug in metaphone() in fuzzystrmatch</para></listitem>
995 <listitem><para>Improve adddepend (Rod)</para></listitem>
996 <listitem><para>Update spi/timetravel (B?jthe Zolt?n)</para></listitem>
997 <listitem><para>Fix dbase -s option and improve non-ASCII handling (Thomas Behr,M?rcio Smiderle)</para></listitem>
998 <listitem><para>Remove array module because features now included by default (Joe)</para></listitem>
999 </itemizedlist></sect2>
1001 <sect2> <title> Other Uncategorized Changes</title>
1003 <listitem><para><command>DATESTYLE</command> can now be set to DMY, YMD, or MDY to specify input field order</para></listitem>
1004 <listitem><para>Input date order must now be YYYY-MM-DD (with 4-digit
1005 year) or match <envar>DATESTYLE</envar></para></listitem>
1006 <listitem><para>Pattern matching operations can use indexes regardless
1007 of locale?</para></listitem>
1008 </itemizedlist></sect2>
1011 <sect1 id="release-7-3-4">
1012 <title>Release 7.3.4</title>
1015 <title>Release date</title>
1016 <simpara>2003-07-24</simpara>
1020 This has a variety of fixes from 7.3.3.
1025 <title>Migration to version 7.3.4</title>
1028 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
1034 <title>Changes</title>
1037 <listitem><para>Repair breakage in timestamp-to-date conversion for dates before 2000</para></listitem>
1038 <listitem><para>Prevent rare possibility of server startup failure (Tom)</para></listitem>
1039 <listitem><para>Fix bugs in interval-to-time conversion (Tom)</para></listitem>
1040 <listitem><para>Add constraint names in a few places in pg_dump (Rod)</para></listitem>
1041 <listitem><para>Improve performance of functions with many parameters (Tom)</para></listitem>
1042 <listitem><para>Fix to_ascii() buffer overruns (Tom)</para></listitem>
1043 <listitem><para>Prevent restore of database comments from throwing an error (Tom)</para></listitem>
1044 <listitem><para>Work around buggy strxfrm() present in some Solaris releases (Tom)</para></listitem>
1045 <listitem><para>Properly escape jdbc setObject() strings to improve security (Barry)</para></listitem>
1051 <sect1 id="release-7-3-3">
1052 <title>Release 7.3.3</title>
1055 <title>Release date</title>
1056 <simpara>2003-05-22</simpara>
1060 This release contains of variety of fixes for version 7.3.2.
1064 <title>Migration to version 7.3.3</title>
1067 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
1068 running version 7.3.*.
1073 <title>Changes</title>
1076 <listitem><para>Repair sometimes-incorrect computation of StartUpID after a crash</para></listitem>
1077 <listitem><para>Avoid slowness with lots of deferred triggers in one transaction (Stephan)</para></listitem>
1078 <listitem><para>Don't lock referenced row when <command>UPDATE</command> doesn't change foreign key's value (Jan)</para></listitem>
1079 <listitem><para>Use <command>-fPIC</command> not <command>-fpic</command> on Sparc (Tom Callaway)</para></listitem>
1080 <listitem><para>Repair lack of schema-awareness in contrib/reindexdb</para></listitem>
1081 <listitem><para>Fix contrib/intarray error for zero-element result array (Teodor)</para></listitem>
1082 <listitem><para>Ensure createuser script will exit on control-C (Oliver)</para></listitem>
1083 <listitem><para>Fix errors when the type of a dropped column has itself been dropped</para></listitem>
1084 <listitem><para><command>CHECKPOINT</command> does not cause database panic on failure in noncritical steps</para></listitem>
1085 <listitem><para>Accept 60 in seconds fields of timestamp, time, interval input values</para></listitem>
1086 <listitem><para>Issue notice, not error, if <type>TIMESTAMP</type>,
1087 <type> TIME</type>, or <type>INTERVAL</type> precision too large</para></listitem>
1088 <listitem><para>Fix <function>abstime-to-time</function> cast function (fix is
1089 not applied unless you <application>initdb</application>)</para></listitem>
1090 <listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_proc</application> entry for
1091 <type>timestampt_izone</type> (fix is not applied unless you
1092 <application>initdb</application>)</para></listitem>
1093 <listitem><para>Make <function>EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM timestamp without time zone)</function> treat input as local time</para></listitem>
1094 <listitem><para><command>'now'::timestamptz</command> gave wrong answer if timezone changed earlier in transaction</para></listitem>
1095 <listitem><para><envar>HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP</envar> code for time with timezone overwrote its input</para></listitem>
1096 <listitem><para>Accept <command>GLOBAL TEMP/TEMPORARY</command> as a
1097 synonym for <command>TEMPORARY</command></para></listitem>
1098 <listitem><para>Avoid improper schema-permissions-check failure in foreign-key triggers</para></listitem>
1099 <listitem><para>Fix bugs in foreign-key triggers for <command>SET DEFAULT</command> action</para></listitem>
1100 <listitem><para>Fix incorrect time-qual check in row fetch for
1101 <command>UPDATE</command> and <command>DELETE</command> triggers</para></listitem>
1102 <listitem><para>Foreign-key clauses were parsed but ignored in
1103 <command>ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN</command></para></listitem>
1104 <listitem><para>Fix createlang script breakage for case where handler function already exists</para></listitem>
1105 <listitem><para>Fix misbehavior on zero-column tables in <application>pg_dump</application>, COPY, ANALYZE, other places</para></listitem>
1106 <listitem><para>Fix misbehavior of <function>func_error()</function> on type names containing '%'</para></listitem>
1107 <listitem><para>Fix misbehavior of <function>replace()</function> on strings containing '%'</para></listitem>
1108 <listitem><para>Regular-expression patterns containing certain multibyte characters failed</para></listitem>
1109 <listitem><para>Account correctly for <command>NULL</command>s in more cases in join size estimation</para></listitem>
1110 <listitem><para>Avoid conflict with system definition of <function>isblank()</function> function or macro</para></listitem>
1111 <listitem><para>Fix failure to convert large code point values in EUC_TW conversions (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
1112 <listitem><para>Fix error recovery for <function>SSL_read</function>/<function>SSL_write</function> calls</para></listitem>
1113 <listitem><para>Don't do early constant-folding of type coercion expressions</para></listitem>
1114 <listitem><para>Validate page header fields immediately after reading in any page</para></listitem>
1115 <listitem><para>Repair incorrect check for ungrouped variables in unnamed joins</para></listitem>
1116 <listitem><para>Fix buffer overrun in <function>to_ascii</function> (Guido Notari)</para></listitem>
1117 <listitem><para>contrib/ltree fixes (Teodor)</para></listitem>
1118 <listitem><para>Fix core dump in deadlock detection on machines where char is unsigned</para></listitem>
1119 <listitem><para>Avoid running out of buffers in many-way indexscan (bug introduced in 7.3)</para></listitem>
1120 <listitem><para>Fix planner's selectivity estimation functions to handle domains properly</para></listitem>
1121 <listitem><para>Fix <application>dbmirror</application> memory-allocation bug (Steven Singer)</para></listitem>
1122 <listitem><para>Prevent infinite loop in <function>ln(numeric)</function> due to roundoff error</para></listitem>
1123 <listitem><para><command>GROUP BY</command> got confused if there were multiple equal GROUP BY items</para></listitem>
1124 <listitem><para>Fix bad plan when inherited <command>UPDATE</command>/<command>DELETE</command> references another inherited table</para></listitem>
1125 <listitem><para>Prevent clustering on incomplete (partial or non-NULL-storing) indexes</para></listitem>
1126 <listitem><para>Service shutdown request at proper time if it arrives while still starting up</para></listitem>
1127 <listitem><para>Fix left-links in temporary indexes (could make backwards scans miss entries)</para></listitem>
1128 <listitem><para>Fix incorrect handling of client_encoding setting in postgresql.conf (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
1129 <listitem><para>Fix failure to respond to <command>pg_ctl stop -m fast</command> after Async_NotifyHandler runs</para></listitem>
1130 <listitem><para>Fix SPI for case where rule contains multiple statements of the same type</para></listitem>
1131 <listitem><para>Fix problem with checking for wrong type of access permission in rule query</para></listitem>
1132 <listitem><para>Fix problem with <command>EXCEPT</command> in <command>CREATE RULE</command></para></listitem>
1133 <listitem><para>Prevent problem with dropping temp tables having serial columns</para></listitem>
1134 <listitem><para>Fix replace_vars_with_subplan_refs failure in complex views</para></listitem>
1135 <listitem><para>Fix regexp slowness in single-byte encodings (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
1136 <listitem><para>Allow qualified type names in <command>CREATE CAST</command>
1137 and <command> DROP CAST</command></para></listitem>
1138 <listitem><para>Accept <function>SETOF type[]</function>, which formerly had to
1139 be written <function>SETOF _type</function></para></listitem>
1140 <listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_dump</application> core dump in some cases with procedural languages</para></listitem>
1141 <listitem><para>Force ISO datestyle in <application>pg_dump</application> output, for portability (Oliver)</para></listitem>
1142 <listitem><para><application>pg_dump</application> failed to handle error return
1143 from <function>lo_read</function> (Oleg Drokin)</para></listitem>
1144 <listitem><para><application>pg_dumpall</application> failed with groups having no members (Nick Eskelinen)</para></listitem>
1145 <listitem><para><application>pg_dumpall</application> failed to recognize --globals-only switch</para></listitem>
1146 <listitem><para>pg_restore failed to restore blobs if -X disable-triggers is specified</para></listitem>
1147 <listitem><para>Repair intrafunction memory leak in plpgsql</para></listitem>
1148 <listitem><para>pltcl's <command>elog</command> command dumped core if given wrong parameters (Ian Harding)</para></listitem>
1149 <listitem><para>plpython used wrong value of <envar>atttypmod</envar> (Brad McLean)</para></listitem>
1150 <listitem><para>Fix improper quoting of boolean values in Python interface (D'Arcy)</para></listitem>
1151 <listitem><para>Added <function>addDataType()</function> method to PGConnection interface for JDBC</para></listitem>
1152 <listitem><para>Fixed various problems with updateable ResultSets for JDBC (Shawn Green)</para></listitem>
1153 <listitem><para>Fixed various problems with DatabaseMetaData for JDBC (Kris Jurka, Peter Royal)</para></listitem>
1154 <listitem><para>Fixed problem with parsing table ACLs in JDBC</para></listitem>
1155 <listitem><para>Better error message for character set conversion problems in JDBC</para></listitem>
1161 <sect1 id="release-7-3-2">
1162 <title>Release 7.3.2</title>
1165 <title>Release date</title>
1166 <simpara>2003-02-04</simpara>
1170 This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.3.1.
1175 <title>Migration to version 7.3.2</title>
1178 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
1179 running version 7.3.*.
1184 <title>Changes</title>
1187 <listitem><para>Restore creation of OID column in CREATE TABLE AS / SELECT INTO</para></listitem>
1188 <listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_dump</> core dump when dumping views having comments</para></listitem>
1189 <listitem><para>Dump DEFERRABLE/INITIALLY DEFERRED constraints properly</para></listitem>
1190 <listitem><para>Fix UPDATE when child table's column numbering differs from parent</para></listitem>
1191 <listitem><para>Increase default value of max_fsm_relations</para></listitem>
1192 <listitem><para>Fix problem when fetching backwards in a cursor for a single-row query</para></listitem>
1193 <listitem><para>Make backward fetch work properly with cursor on SELECT DISTINCT query</para></listitem>
1194 <listitem><para>Fix problems with loading <application>pg_dump</> files containing contrib/lo usage</para></listitem>
1195 <listitem><para>Fix problem with all-numeric user names</para></listitem>
1196 <listitem><para>Fix possible memory leak and core dump during disconnect in libpgtcl</para></listitem>
1197 <listitem><para>Make plpython's spi_execute command handle nulls properly (Andrew Bosma)</para></listitem>
1198 <listitem><para>Adjust plpython error reporting so that its regression test passes again</para></listitem>
1199 <listitem><para>Work with bison 1.875</para></listitem>
1200 <listitem><para>Handle mixed-case names properly in plpgsql's %type (Neil)</para></listitem>
1201 <listitem><para>Fix core dump in pltcl when executing a query rewritten by a rule</para></listitem>
1202 <listitem><para>Repair array subscript overruns (per report from Yichen Xie)</para></listitem>
1203 <listitem><para>Reduce MAX_TIME_PRECISION from 13 to 10 in floating-point case</para></listitem>
1204 <listitem><para>Correctly case-fold variable names in per-database and per-user settings</para></listitem>
1205 <listitem><para>Fix coredump in plpgsql's RETURN NEXT when SELECT into record returns no rows</para></listitem>
1206 <listitem><para>Fix outdated use of pg_type.typprtlen in python client interface</para></listitem>
1207 <listitem><para>Correctly handle fractional seconds in timestamps in JDBC driver</para></listitem>
1208 <listitem><para>Improve performance of getImportedKeys() in JDBC</para></listitem>
1209 <listitem><para>Make shared-library symlinks work standardly on HPUX (Giles)</para></listitem>
1210 <listitem><para>Repair inconsistent rounding behavior for timestamp, time, interval</para></listitem>
1211 <listitem><para>SSL negotiation fixes (Nathan Mueller)</para></listitem>
1212 <listitem><para>Make libpq's ~/.pgpass feature work when connecting with PQconnectDB</para></listitem>
1213 <listitem><para>Update my2pg, ora2pg</para></listitem>
1214 <listitem><para>Translation updates</para></listitem>
1215 <listitem><para>Add casts between types lo and oid in contrib/lo</para></listitem>
1216 <listitem><para>fastpath code now checks for privilege to call function</para></listitem>
1222 <sect1 id="release-7-3-1">
1223 <title>Release 7.3.1</title>
1226 <title>Release date</title>
1227 <simpara>2002-12-18</simpara>
1231 This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.3.
1236 <title>Migration to version 7.3.1</title>
1239 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
1240 running version 7.3. However, it should be noted that the main
1241 PostgreSQL interface library, libpq, has a new major version
1242 number for this release, which may require recompilation of client
1243 code in certain cases.
1248 <title>Changes</title>
1251 <listitem><para>Fix a core dump of COPY TO when client/server encodings don't match (Tom)</para></listitem>
1252 <listitem><para>Allow <application>pg_dump</> to work with pre-7.2 servers (Philip)</para></listitem>
1253 <listitem><para>contrib/adddepend fixes (Tom)</para></listitem>
1254 <listitem><para>Fix problem with deletion of per-user/per-database config settings (Tom)</para></listitem>
1255 <listitem><para>contrib/vacuumlo fix (Tom)</para></listitem>
1256 <listitem><para>Allow 'password' encryption even when pg_shadow contains MD5 passwords (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1257 <listitem><para>contrib/dbmirror fix (Steven Singer)</para></listitem>
1258 <listitem><para>Optimizer fixes (Tom)</para></listitem>
1259 <listitem><para>contrib/tsearch fixes (Teodor Sigaev, Magnus)</para></listitem>
1260 <listitem><para>Allow locale names to be mixed case (Nicolai Tufar)</para></listitem>
1261 <listitem><para>Increment libpq library's major version number (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1262 <listitem><para>pg_hba.conf error reporting fixes (Bruce, Neil)</para></listitem>
1263 <listitem><para>Add SCO Openserver 5.0.4 as a supported platform (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1264 <listitem><para>Prevent EXPLAIN from crashing server (Tom)</para></listitem>
1265 <listitem><para>SSL fixes (Nathan Mueller)</para></listitem>
1266 <listitem><para>Prevent composite column creation via ALTER TABLE (Tom)</para></listitem>
1272 <sect1 id="release-7-3">
1273 <title>Release 7.3</title>
1276 <title>Release date</title>
1277 <simpara>2002-11-27</simpara>
1281 <title>Overview</title>
1284 Major changes in this release:
1288 <term>Schemas</term>
1291 Schemas allow users to create objects in separate namespaces,
1292 so two people or applications can have tables with the same
1293 name. There is also a public schema for shared tables.
1294 Table/index creation can be restricted by removing permissions
1295 on the public schema.
1301 <term>Drop Column</term>
1304 PostgreSQL now supports the <literal>ALTER TABLE ... DROP
1305 COLUMN</literal> functionality.
1311 <term>Table Functions</term>
1314 Functions returning multiple rows and/or multiple columns are
1315 now much easier to use than before. You can call such a
1316 <quote>table function</quote> in the <literal>SELECT</literal>
1317 <literal>FROM</literal> clause, treating its output like a
1318 table. Also, <application>PL/pgSQL</application> functions can
1325 <term>Prepared Queries</term>
1328 PostgreSQL now supports prepared queries, for improved
1335 <term>Dependency Tracking</term>
1338 PostgreSQL now records object dependencies, which allows
1339 improvements in many areas. <command>DROP</command>
1340 statements now take either <literal>CASCADE</> or
1341 <literal>RESTRICT</> to control whether dependent objects are
1348 <term>Privileges</term>
1351 Functions and procedural languages now have privileges, and
1352 functions can be defined to run with the privileges of their
1359 <term>Internationalization</term>
1362 Both multibyte and locale support are now always enabled.
1368 <term>Logging</term>
1371 A variety of logging options have been enhanced.
1377 <term>Interfaces</term>
1380 A large number of interfaces have been moved to <ulink
1381 url="http://gborg.postgresql.org">http://gborg.postgresql.org</>
1382 where they can be developed and released independently.
1388 <term>Functions/Identifiers</term>
1391 By default, functions can now take up to 32 parameters, and
1392 identifiers can be up to 63 bytes long. Also, <literal>OPAQUE</>
1393 is now deprecated: there are specific <quote>pseudo-datatypes</>
1394 to represent each of the former meanings of <literal>OPAQUE</>
1395 in function argument and result types.
1405 <title>Migration to version 7.3</title>
1408 A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</> is required for those
1409 wishing to migrate data from any previous release. If your
1410 application examines the system catalogs, additional changes will
1411 be required due to the introduction of schemas in 7.3; for more
1412 information, see: <ulink
1413 url="http://developer.postgresql.org/~momjian/upgrade_tips_7.3">
1414 http://developer.postgresql.org/~momjian/upgrade_tips_7.3</>.
1418 Observe the following incompatibilities:
1423 Pre-6.3 clients are no longer supported.
1429 <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename> now has a column for the user
1430 name and additional features. Existing files need to be
1437 Several <filename>postgresql.conf</filename> logging parameters
1444 <literal>LIMIT #,#</literal> has been disabled; use
1445 <literal>LIMIT # OFFSET #</literal>.
1451 <command>INSERT</command> statements with column lists must
1452 specify a value for each specified column. For example,
1453 <literal>INSERT INTO tab (col1, col2) VALUES ('val1')</literal>
1454 is now invalid. It's still allowed to supply fewer columns than
1455 expected if the <command>INSERT</command> does not have a column list.
1461 <type>serial</type> columns are no longer automatically
1462 <literal>UNIQUE</>; thus, an index will not automatically be
1469 A <command>SET</command> command inside an aborted transaction
1476 <command>COPY</command> no longer considers missing trailing
1477 columns to be null. All columns need to be specified.
1478 (However, one may achieve a similar effect by specifying a
1479 column list in the <command>COPY</command> command.)
1485 The data type <type>timestamp</type> is now equivalent to
1486 <type>timestamp without time zone</type>, instead of
1487 <type>timestamp with time zone</type>.
1493 Pre-7.3 databases loaded into 7.3 will not have the new object
1494 dependencies for <type>serial</type> columns, unique
1495 constraints, and foreign keys. See the directory
1496 <filename>contrib/adddepend/</filename> for a detailed
1497 description and a script that will add such dependencies.
1503 An empty string (<literal>''</literal>) is no longer allowed as
1504 the input into an integer field. Formerly, it was silently
1515 <title>Changes</title>
1518 <title>Server Operation</title>
1520 <listitem><para>Add pg_locks view to show locks (Neil)</para></listitem>
1521 <listitem><para>Security fixes for password negotiation memory allocation (Neil)</para></listitem>
1522 <listitem><para>Remove support for version 0 FE/BE protocol (PostgreSQL 6.2 and earlier) (Tom)</para></listitem>
1523 <listitem><para>Reserve the last few backend slots for superusers, add parameter superuser_reserved_connections to control this (Nigel J. Andrews)</para></listitem>
1528 <title>Performance</title>
1530 <listitem><para>Improve startup by calling localtime() only once (Tom)</para></listitem>
1531 <listitem><para>Cache system catalog information in flat files for faster startup (Tom)</para></listitem>
1532 <listitem><para>Improve caching of index information (Tom)</para></listitem>
1533 <listitem><para>Optimizer improvements (Tom, Fernando Nasser)</para></listitem>
1534 <listitem><para>Catalog caches now store failed lookups (Tom)</para></listitem>
1535 <listitem><para>Hash function improvements (Neil)</para></listitem>
1536 <listitem><para>Improve performance of query tokenization and network handling (Peter)</para></listitem>
1537 <listitem><para>Speed improvement for large object restore (Mario Weilguni)</para></listitem>
1538 <listitem><para>Mark expired index entries on first lookup, saving later heap fetches (Tom)</para></listitem>
1539 <listitem><para>Avoid excessive NULL bitmap padding (Manfred Koizar)</para></listitem>
1540 <listitem><para>Add BSD-licensed qsort() for Solaris, for performance (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1541 <listitem><para>Reduce per-row overhead by four bytes (Manfred Koizar)</para></listitem>
1542 <listitem><para>Fix GEQO optimizer bug (Neil Conway)</para></listitem>
1543 <listitem><para>Make WITHOUT OID actually save four bytes per row (Manfred Koizar)</para></listitem>
1544 <listitem><para>Add default_statistics_target variable to specify ANALYZE buckets (Neil)</para></listitem>
1545 <listitem><para>Use local buffer cache for temporary tables so no WAL overhead (Tom)</para></listitem>
1546 <listitem><para>Improve free space map performance on large tables (Stephen Marshall, Tom)</para></listitem>
1547 <listitem><para>Improved WAL write concurrency (Tom)</para></listitem>
1552 <title>Privileges</title>
1554 <listitem><para>Add privileges on functions and procedural languages (Peter)</para></listitem>
1555 <listitem><para>Add OWNER to CREATE DATABASE so superusers can create databases on behalf of unprivileged users (Gavin Sherry, Tom)</para></listitem>
1556 <listitem><para>Add new object permission bits EXECUTE and USAGE (Tom)</para></listitem>
1557 <listitem><para>Add SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION DEFAULT and RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION (Tom)</para></listitem>
1558 <listitem><para>Allow functions to be executed with the privilege of the function owner (Peter)</para></listitem>
1563 <title>Server Configuration</title>
1565 <listitem><para>Server log messages now tagged with LOG, not DEBUG (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1566 <listitem><para>Add user column to pg_hba.conf (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1567 <listitem><para>Have log_connections output two lines in log file (Tom)</para></listitem>
1568 <listitem><para>Remove debug_level from postgresql.conf, now server_min_messages (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1569 <listitem><para>New ALTER DATABASE/USER ... SET command for per-user/database initialization (Peter)</para></listitem>
1570 <listitem><para>New parameters server_min_messages and client_min_messages to control which messages are sent to the server logs or client applications (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1571 <listitem><para>Allow pg_hba.conf to specify lists of users/databases separated by commas, group names prepended with +, and file names prepended with @ (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1572 <listitem><para>Remove secondary password file capability and pg_password utility (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1573 <listitem><para>Add variable db_user_namespace for database-local user names (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1574 <listitem><para>SSL improvements (Bear Giles)</para></listitem>
1575 <listitem><para>Make encryption of stored passwords the default (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1576 <listitem><para>Allow pg_statistics to be reset by calling pg_stat_reset() (Christopher)</para></listitem>
1577 <listitem><para>Add log_duration parameter (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1578 <listitem><para>Rename debug_print_query to log_statement (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1579 <listitem><para>Rename show_query_stats to show_statement_stats (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1580 <listitem><para>Add param log_min_error_statement to print commands to logs on error (Gavin)</para></listitem>
1585 <title>Queries</title>
1587 <listitem><para>Make cursors insensitive, meaning their contents do not change (Tom)</para></listitem>
1588 <listitem><para>Disable LIMIT #,# syntax; now only LIMIT # OFFSET # supported (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1589 <listitem><para>Increase identifier length to 63 (Neil, Bruce)</para></listitem>
1590 <listitem><para>UNION fixes for merging >= 3 columns of different lengths (Tom)</para></listitem>
1591 <listitem><para>Add DEFAULT keyword to INSERT, e.g., INSERT ... (..., DEFAULT, ...) (Rod)</para></listitem>
1592 <listitem><para>Allow views to have default values using ALTER COLUMN ... SET DEFAULT (Neil)</para></listitem>
1593 <listitem><para>Fail on INSERTs with column lists that don't supply all column values, e.g., INSERT INTO tab (col1, col2) VALUES ('val1'); (Rod)</para></listitem>
1594 <listitem><para>Fix for join aliases (Tom)</para></listitem>
1595 <listitem><para>Fix for FULL OUTER JOINs (Tom)</para></listitem>
1596 <listitem><para>Improve reporting of invalid identifier and location (Tom, Gavin)</para></listitem>
1597 <listitem><para>Fix OPEN cursor(args) (Tom)</para></listitem>
1598 <listitem><para>Allow 'ctid' to be used in a view and currtid(viewname) (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
1599 <listitem><para>Fix for CREATE TABLE AS with UNION (Tom)</para></listitem>
1600 <listitem><para>SQL99 syntax improvements (Thomas)</para></listitem>
1601 <listitem><para>Add statement_timeout variable to cancel queries (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1602 <listitem><para>Allow prepared queries with PREPARE/EXECUTE (Neil)</para></listitem>
1603 <listitem><para>Allow FOR UPDATE to appear after LIMIT/OFFSET (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1604 <listitem><para>Add variable autocommit (Tom, David Van Wie)</para></listitem>
1609 <title>Object Manipulation</title>
1611 <listitem><para>Make equals signs optional in CREATE DATABASE (Gavin Sherry)</para></listitem>
1612 <listitem><para>Make ALTER TABLE OWNER change index ownership too (Neil)</para></listitem>
1613 <listitem><para>New ALTER TABLE tabname ALTER COLUMN colname SET STORAGE controls TOAST storage, compression (John Gray)</para></listitem>
1614 <listitem><para>Add schema support, CREATE/DROP SCHEMA (Tom)</para></listitem>
1615 <listitem><para>Create schema for temporary tables (Tom)</para></listitem>
1616 <listitem><para>Add variable search_path for schema search (Tom)</para></listitem>
1617 <listitem><para>Add ALTER TABLE SET/DROP NOT NULL (Christopher)</para></listitem>
1618 <listitem><para>New CREATE FUNCTION volatility levels (Tom)</para></listitem>
1619 <listitem><para>Make rule names unique only per table (Tom)</para></listitem>
1620 <listitem><para>Add 'ON tablename' clause to DROP RULE and COMMENT ON RULE (Tom)</para></listitem>
1621 <listitem><para>Add ALTER TRIGGER RENAME (Joe)</para></listitem>
1622 <listitem><para>New current_schema() and current_schemas() inquiry functions (Tom)</para></listitem>
1623 <listitem><para>Allow functions to return multiple rows (table functions) (Joe)</para></listitem>
1624 <listitem><para>Make WITH optional in CREATE DATABASE, for consistency (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1625 <listitem><para>Add object dependency tracking (Rod, Tom)</para></listitem>
1626 <listitem><para>Add RESTRICT/CASCADE to DROP commands (Rod)</para></listitem>
1627 <listitem><para>Add ALTER TABLE DROP for non-CHECK CONSTRAINT (Rod)</para></listitem>
1628 <listitem><para>Autodestroy sequence on DROP of table with SERIAL (Rod)</para></listitem>
1629 <listitem><para>Prevent column dropping if column is used by foreign key (Rod)</para></listitem>
1630 <listitem><para>Automatically drop constraints/functions when object is dropped (Rod)</para></listitem>
1631 <listitem><para>Add CREATE/DROP OPERATOR CLASS (Bill Studenmund, Tom)</para></listitem>
1632 <listitem><para>Add ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN (Christopher, Tom, Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
1633 <listitem><para>Prevent inherited columns from being removed or renamed (Alvaro Herrera)</para></listitem>
1634 <listitem><para>Fix foreign key constraints to not error on intermediate database states (Stephan)</para></listitem>
1635 <listitem><para>Propagate column or table renaming to foreign key constraints</para></listitem>
1636 <listitem><para>Add CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW (Gavin, Neil, Tom)</para></listitem>
1637 <listitem><para>Add CREATE OR REPLACE RULE (Gavin, Neil, Tom)</para></listitem>
1638 <listitem><para>Have rules execute alphabetically, returning more predictable values (Tom)</para></listitem>
1639 <listitem><para>Triggers are now fired in alphabetical order (Tom)</para></listitem>
1640 <listitem><para>Add /contrib/adddepend to handle pre-7.3 object dependencies (Rod)</para></listitem>
1641 <listitem><para>Allow better casting when inserting/updating values (Tom)</para></listitem>
1646 <title>Utility Commands</title>
1648 <listitem><para>Have COPY TO output embedded carriage returns and newlines as \r and \n (Tom)</para></listitem>
1649 <listitem><para>Allow DELIMITER in COPY FROM to be 8-bit clean (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
1650 <listitem><para>Make <application>pg_dump</> use ALTER TABLE ADD PRIMARY KEY, for performance (Neil)</para></listitem>
1651 <listitem><para>Disable brackets in multistatement rules (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1652 <listitem><para>Disable VACUUM from being called inside a function (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1653 <listitem><para>Allow dropdb and other scripts to use identifiers with spaces (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1654 <listitem><para>Restrict database comment changes to the current database</para></listitem>
1655 <listitem><para>Allow comments on operators, independent of the underlying function (Rod)</para></listitem>
1656 <listitem><para>Rollback SET commands in aborted transactions (Tom)</para></listitem>
1657 <listitem><para>EXPLAIN now outputs as a query (Tom)</para></listitem>
1658 <listitem><para>Display condition expressions and sort keys in EXPLAIN (Tom)</para></listitem>
1659 <listitem><para>Add 'SET LOCAL var = value' to set configuration variables for a single transaction (Tom)</para></listitem>
1660 <listitem><para>Allow ANALYZE to run in a transaction (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1661 <listitem><para>Improve COPY syntax using new WITH clauses, keep backward compatibility (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1662 <listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_dump</> to consistently output tags in non-ASCII dumps (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1663 <listitem><para>Make foreign key constraints clearer in dump file (Rod)</para></listitem>
1664 <listitem><para>Add COMMENT ON CONSTRAINT (Rod)</para></listitem>
1665 <listitem><para>Allow COPY TO/FROM to specify column names (Brent Verner)</para></listitem>
1666 <listitem><para>Dump UNIQUE and PRIMARY KEY constraints as ALTER TABLE (Rod)</para></listitem>
1667 <listitem><para>Have SHOW output a query result (Joe)</para></listitem>
1668 <listitem><para>Generate failure on short COPY lines rather than pad NULLs (Neil)</para></listitem>
1669 <listitem><para>Fix CLUSTER to preserve all table attributes (Alvaro Herrera)</para></listitem>
1670 <listitem><para>New pg_settings table to view/modify GUC settings (Joe)</para></listitem>
1671 <listitem><para>Add smart quoting, portability improvements to <application>pg_dump</> output (Peter)</para></listitem>
1672 <listitem><para>Dump serial columns out as SERIAL (Tom)</para></listitem>
1673 <listitem><para>Enable large file support, >2G for <application>pg_dump</> (Peter, Philip Warner, Bruce)</para></listitem>
1674 <listitem><para>Disallow TRUNCATE on tables that are involved in referential constraints (Rod)</para></listitem>
1675 <listitem><para>Have TRUNCATE also auto-truncate the toast table of the relation (Tom)</para></listitem>
1676 <listitem><para>Add clusterdb utility that will auto-cluster an entire database based on previous CLUSTER operations (Alvaro Herrera)</para></listitem>
1677 <listitem><para>Overhaul pg_dumpall (Peter)</para></listitem>
1678 <listitem><para>Allow REINDEX of TOAST tables (Tom)</para></listitem>
1679 <listitem><para>Implemented START TRANSACTION, per SQL99 (Neil)</para></listitem>
1680 <listitem><para>Fix rare index corruption when a page split affects bulk delete (Tom)</para></listitem>
1681 <listitem><para>Fix ALTER TABLE ... ADD COLUMN for inheritance (Alvaro Herrera)</para></listitem>
1686 <title>Data Types and Functions</title>
1688 <listitem><para>Fix factorial(0) to return 1 (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1689 <listitem><para>Date/time/timezone improvements (Thomas)</para></listitem>
1690 <listitem><para>Fix for array slice extraction (Tom)</para></listitem>
1691 <listitem><para>Fix extract/date_part to report proper microseconds for timestamp (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
1692 <listitem><para>Allow text_substr() and bytea_substr() to read TOAST values more efficiently (John Gray)</para></listitem>
1693 <listitem><para>Add domain support (Rod)</para></listitem>
1694 <listitem><para>Make WITHOUT TIME ZONE the default for TIMESTAMP and TIME data types (Thomas)</para></listitem>
1695 <listitem><para>Allow alternate storage scheme of 64-bit integers for date/time types using --enable-integer-datetimes in configure (Thomas)</para></listitem>
1696 <listitem><para>Make timezone(timestamptz) return timestamp rather than a string (Thomas)</para></listitem>
1697 <listitem><para>Allow fractional seconds in date/time types for dates prior to 1BC (Thomas)</para></listitem>
1698 <listitem><para>Limit timestamp data types to 6 decimal places of precision (Thomas)</para></listitem>
1699 <listitem><para>Change timezone conversion functions from timetz() to timezone() (Thomas)</para></listitem>
1700 <listitem><para>Add configuration variables datestyle and timezone (Tom)</para></listitem>
1701 <listitem><para>Add OVERLAY(), which allows substitution of a substring in a string (Thomas)</para></listitem>
1702 <listitem><para>Add SIMILAR TO (Thomas, Tom)</para></listitem>
1703 <listitem><para>Add regular expression SUBSTRING(string FROM pat FOR escape) (Thomas)</para></listitem>
1704 <listitem><para>Add LOCALTIME and LOCALTIMESTAMP functions (Thomas)</para></listitem>
1705 <listitem><para>Add named composite types using CREATE TYPE typename AS (column) (Joe)</para></listitem>
1706 <listitem><para>Allow composite type definition in the table alias clause (Joe)</para></listitem>
1707 <listitem><para>Add new API to simplify creation of C language table functions (Joe)</para></listitem>
1708 <listitem><para>Remove ODBC-compatible empty parentheses from calls to SQL99 functions for which these parentheses do not match the standard (Thomas)</para></listitem>
1709 <listitem><para>Allow macaddr data type to accept 12 hex digits with no separators (Mike Wyer)</para></listitem>
1710 <listitem><para>Add CREATE/DROP CAST (Peter)</para></listitem>
1711 <listitem><para>Add IS DISTINCT FROM operator (Thomas)</para></listitem>
1712 <listitem><para>Add SQL99 TREAT() function, synonym for CAST() (Thomas)</para></listitem>
1713 <listitem><para>Add pg_backend_pid() to output backend pid (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1714 <listitem><para>Add IS OF / IS NOT OF type predicate (Thomas)</para></listitem>
1715 <listitem><para>Allow bit string constants without fully-specified length (Thomas)</para></listitem>
1716 <listitem><para>Allow conversion between 8-byte integers and bit strings (Thomas)</para></listitem>
1717 <listitem><para>Implement hex literal conversion to bit string literal (Thomas)</para></listitem>
1718 <listitem><para>Allow table functions to appear in the FROM clause (Joe)</para></listitem>
1719 <listitem><para>Increase maximum number of function parameters to 32 (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1720 <listitem><para>No longer automatically create index for SERIAL column (Tom)</para></listitem>
1721 <listitem><para>Add current_database() (Rod)</para></listitem>
1722 <listitem><para>Fix cash_words() to not overflow buffer (Tom)</para></listitem>
1723 <listitem><para>Add functions replace(), split_part(), to_hex() (Joe)</para></listitem>
1724 <listitem><para>Fix LIKE for bytea as a right-hand argument (Joe)</para></listitem>
1725 <listitem><para>Prevent crashes caused by SELECT cash_out(2) (Tom)</para></listitem>
1726 <listitem><para>Fix to_char(1,'FM999.99') to return a period (Karel)</para></listitem>
1727 <listitem><para>Fix trigger/type/language functions returning OPAQUE to return proper type (Tom)</para></listitem>
1732 <title>Internationalization</title>
1734 <listitem><para>Add additional encodings: Korean (JOHAB), Thai (WIN874), Vietnamese (TCVN), Arabic (WIN1256), Simplified Chinese (GBK), Korean (UHC) (Eiji Tokuya)</para></listitem>
1735 <listitem><para>Enable locale support by default (Peter)</para></listitem>
1736 <listitem><para>Add locale variables (Peter)</para></listitem>
1737 <listitem><para>Escape byes >= 0x7f for multibyte in PQescapeBytea/PQunescapeBytea (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
1738 <listitem><para>Add locale awareness to regular expression character classes</para></listitem>
1739 <listitem><para>Enable multibyte support by default (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
1740 <listitem><para>Add GB18030 multibyte support (Bill Huang)</para></listitem>
1741 <listitem><para>Add CREATE/DROP CONVERSION, allowing loadable encodings (Tatsuo, Kaori)</para></listitem>
1742 <listitem><para>Add pg_conversion table (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
1743 <listitem><para>Add SQL99 CONVERT() function (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
1744 <listitem><para>pg_dumpall, pg_controldata, and pg_resetxlog now national-language aware (Peter)</para></listitem>
1745 <listitem><para>New and updated translations</para></listitem>
1750 <title>Server-side Languages</title>
1752 <listitem><para>Allow recursive SQL function (Peter)</para></listitem>
1753 <listitem><para>Change PL/Tcl build to use configured compiler and Makefile.shlib (Peter)</para></listitem>
1754 <listitem><para>Overhaul the PL/pgSQL FOUND variable to be more Oracle-compatible (Neil, Tom)</para></listitem>
1755 <listitem><para>Allow PL/pgSQL to handle quoted identifiers (Tom)</para></listitem>
1756 <listitem><para>Allow set-returning PL/pgSQL functions (Neil)</para></listitem>
1757 <listitem><para>Make PL/pgSQL schema-aware (Joe)</para></listitem>
1758 <listitem><para>Remove some memory leaks (Nigel J. Andrews, Tom)</para></listitem>
1765 <listitem><para>Don't lowercase psql \connect database name for 7.2.0 compatibility (Tom)</para></listitem>
1766 <listitem><para>Add psql \timing to time user queries (Greg Sabino Mullane)</para></listitem>
1767 <listitem><para>Have psql \d show index information (Greg Sabino Mullane)</para></listitem>
1768 <listitem><para>New psql \dD shows domains (Jonathan Eisler)</para></listitem>
1769 <listitem><para>Allow psql to show rules on views (Paul ?)</para></listitem>
1770 <listitem><para>Fix for psql variable substitution (Tom)</para></listitem>
1771 <listitem><para>Allow psql \d to show temporary table structure (Tom)</para></listitem>
1772 <listitem><para>Allow psql \d to show foreign keys (Rod)</para></listitem>
1773 <listitem><para>Fix \? to honor \pset pager (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1774 <listitem><para>Have psql reports its version number on startup (Tom)</para></listitem>
1775 <listitem><para>Allow \copy to specify column names (Tom)</para></listitem>
1780 <title>libpq</title>
1782 <listitem><para>Add $HOME/.pgpass to store host/user password combinations (Alvaro Herrera)</para></listitem>
1783 <listitem><para>Add PQunescapeBytea() function to libpq (Patrick Welche)</para></listitem>
1784 <listitem><para>Fix for sending large queries over non-blocking connections (Bernhard Herzog)</para></listitem>
1785 <listitem><para>Fix for libpq using timers on Win9X (David Ford)</para></listitem>
1786 <listitem><para>Allow libpq notify to handle servers with different-length identifiers (Tom)</para></listitem>
1787 <listitem><para>Add libpq PQescapeString() and PQescapeBytea() to Win32 (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1788 <listitem><para>Fix for SSL with non-blocking connections (Jack Bates)</para></listitem>
1789 <listitem><para>Add libpq connection timeout parameter (Denis A Ustimenko)</para></listitem>
1796 <listitem><para>Allow JDBC to compile with JDK 1.4 (Dave)</para></listitem>
1797 <listitem><para>Add JDBC 3 support (Barry)</para></listitem>
1798 <listitem><para>Allows JDBC to set loglevel by adding ?loglevel=X to the connection URL (Barry)</para></listitem>
1799 <listitem><para>Add Driver.info() message that prints out the version number (Barry)</para></listitem>
1800 <listitem><para>Add updateable result sets (Raghu Nidagal, Dave)</para></listitem>
1801 <listitem><para>Add support for callable statements (Paul Bethe)</para></listitem>
1802 <listitem><para>Add query cancel capability</para></listitem>
1803 <listitem><para>Add refresh row (Dave)</para></listitem>
1804 <listitem><para>Fix MD5 encryption handling for multibyte servers (Jun Kawai)</para></listitem>
1805 <listitem><para>Add support for prepared statements (Barry)</para></listitem>
1810 <title>Miscellaneous Interfaces</title>
1812 <listitem><para>Fixed ECPG bug concerning octal numbers in single quotes (Michael)</para></listitem>
1813 <listitem><para>Move src/interfaces/libpgeasy to http://gborg.postgresql.org (Marc, Bruce)</para></listitem>
1814 <listitem><para>Improve Python interface (Elliot Lee, Andrew Johnson, Greg Copeland)</para></listitem>
1815 <listitem><para>Add libpgtcl connection close event (Gerhard Hintermayer)</para></listitem>
1816 <listitem><para>Move src/interfaces/libpq++ to http://gborg.postgresql.org (Marc, Bruce)</para></listitem>
1817 <listitem><para>Move src/interfaces/odbc to http://gborg.postgresql.org (Marc)</para></listitem>
1818 <listitem><para>Move src/interfaces/libpgeasy to http://gborg.postgresql.org (Marc, Bruce)</para></listitem>
1819 <listitem><para>Move src/interfaces/perl5 to http://gborg.postgresql.org (Marc, Bruce)</para></listitem>
1820 <listitem><para>Remove src/bin/pgaccess from main tree, now at http://www.pgaccess.org (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1821 <listitem><para>Add pg_on_connection_loss command to libpgtcl (Gerhard Hintermayer, Tom)</para></listitem>
1826 <title>Source Code</title>
1828 <listitem><para>Fix for parallel make (Peter)</para></listitem>
1829 <listitem><para>AIX fixes for linking Tcl (Andreas Zeugswetter)</para></listitem>
1830 <listitem><para>Allow PL/Perl to build under Cygwin (Jason Tishler)</para></listitem>
1831 <listitem><para>Improve MIPS compiles (Peter, Oliver Elphick)</para></listitem>
1832 <listitem><para>Require Autoconf version 2.53 (Peter)</para></listitem>
1833 <listitem><para>Require readline and zlib by default in configure (Peter)</para></listitem>
1834 <listitem><para>Allow Solaris to use Intimate Shared Memory (ISM), for performance (Scott Brunza, P.J. Josh Rovero)</para></listitem>
1835 <listitem><para>Always enable syslog in compile, remove --enable-syslog option (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
1836 <listitem><para>Always enable multibyte in compile, remove --enable-multibyte option (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
1837 <listitem><para>Always enable locale in compile, remove --enable-locale option (Peter)</para></listitem>
1838 <listitem><para>Fix for Win9x DLL creation (Magnus Naeslund)</para></listitem>
1839 <listitem><para>Fix for link() usage by WAL code on Win32, BeOS (Jason Tishler)</para></listitem>
1840 <listitem><para>Add sys/types.h to c.h, remove from main files (Peter, Bruce)</para></listitem>
1841 <listitem><para>Fix AIX hang on SMP machines (Tomoyuki Niijima)</para></listitem>
1842 <listitem><para>AIX SMP hang fix (Tomoyuki Niijima)</para></listitem>
1843 <listitem><para>Fix pre-1970 date handling on newer glibc libraries (Tom)</para></listitem>
1844 <listitem><para>Fix PowerPC SMP locking (Tom)</para></listitem>
1845 <listitem><para>Prevent gcc -ffast-math from being used (Peter, Tom)</para></listitem>
1846 <listitem><para>Bison >= 1.50 now required for developer builds</para></listitem>
1847 <listitem><para>Kerberos 5 support now builds with Heimdal (Peter)</para></listitem>
1848 <listitem><para>Add appendix in the User's Guide which lists SQL features (Thomas)</para></listitem>
1849 <listitem><para>Improve loadable module linking to use RTLD_NOW (Tom)</para></listitem>
1850 <listitem><para>New error levels WARNING, INFO, LOG, DEBUG[1-5] (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1851 <listitem><para>New src/port directory holds replaced libc functions (Peter, Bruce)</para></listitem>
1852 <listitem><para>New pg_namespace system catalog for schemas (Tom)</para></listitem>
1853 <listitem><para>Add pg_class.relnamespace for schemas (Tom)</para></listitem>
1854 <listitem><para>Add pg_type.typnamespace for schemas (Tom)</para></listitem>
1855 <listitem><para>Add pg_proc.pronamespace for schemas (Tom)</para></listitem>
1856 <listitem><para>Restructure aggregates to have pg_proc entries (Tom)</para></listitem>
1857 <listitem><para>System relations now have their own namespace, pg_* test not required (Fernando Nasser)</para></listitem>
1858 <listitem><para>Rename TOAST index names to be *_index rather than *_idx (Neil)</para></listitem>
1859 <listitem><para>Add namespaces for operators, opclasses (Tom)</para></listitem>
1860 <listitem><para>Add additional checks to server control file (Thomas)</para></listitem>
1861 <listitem><para>New Polish FAQ (Marcin Mazurek)</para></listitem>
1862 <listitem><para>Add Posix semaphore support (Tom)</para></listitem>
1863 <listitem><para>Document need for reindex (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1864 <listitem><para>Rename some internal identifiers to simplify Win32 compile (Jan, Katherine Ward)</para></listitem>
1865 <listitem><para>Add documentation on computing disk space (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1866 <listitem><para>Remove KSQO from GUC (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1867 <listitem><para>Fix memory leak in rtree (Kenneth Been)</para></listitem>
1868 <listitem><para>Modify a few error messages for consistency (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1869 <listitem><para>Remove unused system table columns (Peter)</para></listitem>
1870 <listitem><para>Make system columns NOT NULL where appropriate (Tom)</para></listitem>
1871 <listitem><para>Clean up use of sprintf in favor of snprintf() (Neil, Jukka Holappa)</para></listitem>
1872 <listitem><para>Remove OPAQUE and create specific subtypes (Tom)</para></listitem>
1873 <listitem><para>Cleanups in array internal handling (Joe, Tom)</para></listitem>
1874 <listitem><para>Disallow pg_atoi('') (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1875 <listitem><para>Remove parameter wal_files because WAL files are now recycled (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1876 <listitem><para>Add version numbers to heap pages (Tom)</para></listitem>
1881 <title>Contrib</title>
1883 <listitem><para>Allow inet arrays in /contrib/array (Neil)</para></listitem>
1884 <listitem><para>GiST fixes (Teodor Sigaev, Neil)</para></listitem>
1885 <listitem><para>Upgrade /contrib/mysql</para></listitem>
1886 <listitem><para>Add /contrib/dbsize which shows table sizes without vacuum (Peter)</para></listitem>
1887 <listitem><para>Add /contrib/intagg, integer aggregator routines (mlw)</para></listitem>
1888 <listitem><para>Improve /contrib/oid2name (Neil, Bruce)</para></listitem>
1889 <listitem><para>Improve /contrib/tsearch (Oleg, Teodor Sigaev)</para></listitem>
1890 <listitem><para>Cleanups of /contrib/rserver (Alexey V. Borzov)</para></listitem>
1891 <listitem><para>Update /contrib/oracle conversion utility (Gilles Darold)</para></listitem>
1892 <listitem><para>Update /contrib/dblink (Joe)</para></listitem>
1893 <listitem><para>Improve options supported by /contrib/vacuumlo (Mario Weilguni)</para></listitem>
1894 <listitem><para>Improvements to /contrib/intarray (Oleg, Teodor Sigaev, Andrey Oktyabrski)</para></listitem>
1895 <listitem><para>Add /contrib/reindexdb utility (Shaun Thomas)</para></listitem>
1896 <listitem><para>Add indexing to /contrib/isbn_issn (Dan Weston)</para></listitem>
1897 <listitem><para>Add /contrib/dbmirror (Steven Singer)</para></listitem>
1898 <listitem><para>Improve /contrib/pgbench (Neil)</para></listitem>
1899 <listitem><para>Add /contrib/tablefunc table function examples (Joe)</para></listitem>
1900 <listitem><para>Add /contrib/ltree data type for tree structures (Teodor Sigaev, Oleg Bartunov)</para></listitem>
1901 <listitem><para>Move /contrib/pg_controldata, pg_resetxlog into main tree (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1902 <listitem><para>Fixes to /contrib/cube (Bruno Wolff)</para></listitem>
1903 <listitem><para>Improve /contrib/fulltextindex (Christopher)</para></listitem>
1911 <sect1 id="release-7-2-4">
1912 <title>Release 7.2.4</title>
1915 <title>Release date</title>
1916 <simpara>2003-01-30</simpara>
1920 This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.2.3,
1921 including fixes to prevent possible data loss.
1925 <title>Migration to version 7.2.4</title>
1928 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
1929 running version 7.2.*.
1934 <title>Changes</title>
1937 <listitem><para>Fix some additional cases of VACUUM "No one parent tuple was found" error</para></listitem>
1938 <listitem><para>Prevent VACUUM from being called inside a function (Bruce)</para></listitem>
1939 <listitem><para>Ensure pg_clog updates are sync'd to disk before marking checkpoint complete</para></listitem>
1940 <listitem><para>Avoid integer overflow during large hash joins</para></listitem>
1941 <listitem><para>Make GROUP commands work when pg_group.grolist is large enough to be toasted</para></listitem>
1942 <listitem><para>Fix errors in datetime tables; some timezone names weren't being recognized</para></listitem>
1943 <listitem><para>Fix integer overflows in circle_poly(), path_encode(), path_add() (Neil)</para></listitem>
1944 <listitem><para>Repair long-standing logic errors in lseg_eq(), lseg_ne(), lseg_center()</para></listitem>
1950 <sect1 id="release-7-2-3">
1951 <title>Release 7.2.3</title>
1954 <title>Release date</title>
1955 <simpara>2002-10-01</simpara>
1959 This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.2.2,
1960 including fixes to prevent possible data loss.
1964 <title>Migration to version 7.2.3</title>
1967 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
1968 running version 7.2.*.
1973 <title>Changes</title>
1976 <listitem><para>Prevent possible compressed transaction log loss (Tom)</para></listitem>
1977 <listitem><para>Prevent non-superuser from increasing most recent vacuum info (Tom)</para></listitem>
1978 <listitem><para>Handle pre-1970 date values in newer versions of glibc (Tom)</para></listitem>
1979 <listitem><para>Fix possible hang during server shutdown</para></listitem>
1980 <listitem><para>Prevent spinlock hangs on SMP PPC machines (Tomoyuki Niijima)</para></listitem>
1981 <listitem><para>Fix <application>pg_dump</> to properly dump FULL JOIN USING (Tom)</para></listitem>
1987 <sect1 id="release-7-2-2">
1988 <title>Release 7.2.2</title>
1991 <title>Release date</title>
1992 <simpara>2002-08-23</simpara>
1996 This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.2.1.
2000 <title>Migration to version 7.2.2</title>
2003 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
2004 running version 7.2.*.
2009 <title>Changes</title>
2012 <listitem><para>Allow EXECUTE of "CREATE TABLE AS ... SELECT" in PL/pgSQL (Tom)</para></listitem>
2013 <listitem><para>Fix for compressed transaction log id wraparound (Tom)</para></listitem>
2014 <listitem><para>Fix PQescapeBytea/PQunescapeBytea so that they handle bytes > 0x7f (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
2015 <listitem><para>Fix for psql and <application>pg_dump</> crashing when invoked with non-existent long options (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
2016 <listitem><para>Fix crash when invoking geometric operators (Tom)</para></listitem>
2017 <listitem><para>Allow OPEN cursor(args) (Tom)</para></listitem>
2018 <listitem><para>Fix for rtree_gist index build (Teodor)</para></listitem>
2019 <listitem><para>Fix for dumping user-defined aggregates (Tom)</para></listitem>
2020 <listitem><para>contrib/intarray fixes (Oleg)</para></listitem>
2021 <listitem><para>Fix for complex UNION/EXCEPT/INTERSECT queries using parens (Tom)</para></listitem>
2022 <listitem><para>Fix to pg_convert (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
2023 <listitem><para>Fix for crash with long DATA strings (Thomas, Neil)</para></listitem>
2024 <listitem><para>Fix for repeat(), lpad(), rpad() and long strings (Neil)</para></listitem>
2030 <sect1 id="release-7-2-1">
2031 <title>Release 7.2.1</title>
2034 <title>Release date</title>
2035 <simpara>2002-03-21</simpara>
2039 This release contains a variety of fixes for version 7.2.
2043 <title>Migration to version 7.2.1</title>
2046 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those
2047 running version 7.2.
2052 <title>Changes</title>
2055 <listitem><para>Ensure that sequence counters do not go backwards after a crash (Tom)</para></listitem>
2056 <listitem><para>Fix pgaccess kanji-conversion key binding (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
2057 <listitem><para>Optimizer improvements (Tom)</para></listitem>
2058 <listitem><para>Cash I/O improvements (Tom)</para></listitem>
2059 <listitem><para>New Russian FAQ</para></listitem>
2060 <listitem><para>Compile fix for missing AuthBlockSig (Heiko)</para></listitem>
2061 <listitem><para>Additional time zones and time zone fixes (Thomas)</para></listitem>
2062 <listitem><para>Allow psql \connect to handle mixed case database and user names (Tom)</para></listitem>
2063 <listitem><para>Return proper OID on command completion even with ON INSERT rules (Tom)</para></listitem>
2064 <listitem><para>Allow COPY FROM to use 8-bit DELIMITERS (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
2065 <listitem><para>Fix bug in extract/date_part for milliseconds/microseconds (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
2066 <listitem><para>Improve handling of multiple UNIONs with different lengths (Tom)</para></listitem>
2067 <listitem><para>contrib/btree_gist improvements (Teodor Sigaev)</para></listitem>
2068 <listitem><para>contrib/tsearch dictionary improvements, see README.tsearch for an additional installation step (Thomas T. Thai, Teodor Sigaev)</para></listitem>
2069 <listitem><para>Fix for array subscripts handling (Tom)</para></listitem>
2070 <listitem><para>Allow EXECUTE of "CREATE TABLE AS ... SELECT" in PL/pgSQL (Tom)</para></listitem>
2076 <sect1 id="release-7-2">
2077 <title>Release 7.2</title>
2080 <title>Release date</title>
2081 <simpara>2002-02-04</simpara>
2085 <title>Overview</title>
2088 This release improves <productname>PostgreSQL</> for use in
2089 high-volume applications.
2093 Major changes in this release:
2100 Vacuuming no longer locks tables, thus allowing normal user
2101 access during the vacuum. A new <command>VACUUM FULL</>
2102 command does old-style vacuum by locking the table and
2103 shrinking the on-disk copy of the table.
2109 <term>Transactions</term>
2112 There is no longer a problem with installations that exceed
2113 four billion transactions.
2122 OIDs are now optional. Users can now create tables without
2123 OIDs for cases where OID usage is excessive.
2129 <term>Optimizer</term>
2132 The system now computes histogram column statistics during
2133 <command>ANALYZE</>, allowing much better optimizer choices.
2139 <term>Security</term>
2142 A new MD5 encryption option allows more secure storage and
2143 transfer of passwords. A new Unix-domain socket
2144 authentication option is available on Linux and BSD systems.
2150 <term>Statistics</term>
2153 Administrators can use the new table access statistics module
2154 to get fine-grained information about table and index usage.
2160 <term>Internationalization</term>
2163 Program and library messages can now be displayed in several
2173 <title>Migration to version 7.2</title>
2176 A dump/restore using <command>pg_dump</command> is required for
2177 those wishing to migrate data from any previous release.
2181 Observe the following incompatibilities:
2186 The semantics of the <command>VACUUM</command> command have
2187 changed in this release. You may wish to update your
2188 maintenance procedures accordingly.
2194 In this release, comparisons using <literal>= NULL</literal>
2195 will always return false (or NULL, more precisely). Previous
2196 releases automatically transformed this syntax to <literal>IS
2197 NULL</literal>. The old behavior can be re-enabled using a
2198 <filename>postgresql.conf</filename> parameter.
2204 The <filename>pg_hba.conf</> and <filename>pg_ident.conf</>
2205 configuration is now only reloaded after receiving a
2206 <systemitem>SIGHUP</> signal, not with each connection.
2212 The function <filename>octet_length()</> now returns the uncompressed data length.
2218 The date/time value <literal>'current'</literal> is no longer
2219 available. You will need to rewrite your applications.
2225 The <literal>timestamp()</literal>, <literal>time()</literal>,
2226 and <literal>interval()</literal> functions are no longer
2227 available. Instead of <literal>timestamp()</literal>, use
2228 <literal>timestamp 'string'</literal> or <literal>CAST</literal>.
2235 The <literal>SELECT ... LIMIT #,#</literal> syntax will be removed
2236 in the next release. You should change your queries to use
2237 separate LIMIT and OFFSET clauses, e.g. <literal>LIMIT 10 OFFSET
2243 <title>Changes</title>
2246 <title>Server Operation</title>
2248 <listitem><para>Create temporary files in a separate directory (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2249 <listitem><para>Delete orphaned temporary files on postmaster startup (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2250 <listitem><para>Added unique indexes to some system tables (Tom)</para></listitem>
2251 <listitem><para>System table operator reorganization (Oleg Bartunov, Teodor Sigaev, Tom)</para></listitem>
2252 <listitem><para>Renamed pg_log to pg_clog (Tom)</para></listitem>
2253 <listitem><para>Enable SIGTERM, SIGQUIT to kill backends (Jan)</para></listitem>
2254 <listitem><para>Removed compile-time limit on number of backends (Tom)</para></listitem>
2255 <listitem><para>Better cleanup for semaphore resource failure (Tatsuo, Tom)</para></listitem>
2256 <listitem><para>Allow safe transaction ID wraparound (Tom)</para></listitem>
2257 <listitem><para>Removed OIDs from some system tables (Tom)</para></listitem>
2258 <listitem><para>Removed "triggered data change violation" error check (Tom)</para></listitem>
2259 <listitem><para>SPI portal creation of prepared/saved plans (Jan)</para></listitem>
2260 <listitem><para>Allow SPI column functions to work for system columns (Tom)</para></listitem>
2261 <listitem><para>Long value compression improvement (Tom)</para></listitem>
2262 <listitem><para>Statistics collector for table, index access (Jan)</para></listitem>
2263 <listitem><para>Truncate extra-long sequence names to a reasonable value (Tom)</para></listitem>
2264 <listitem><para>Measure transaction times in milliseconds (Thomas)</para></listitem>
2265 <listitem><para>Fix TID sequential scans (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
2266 <listitem><para>Superuser ID now fixed at 1 (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2267 <listitem><para>New pg_ctl "reload" option (Tom)</para></listitem>
2272 <title>Performance</title>
2274 <listitem><para>Optimizer improvements (Tom)</para></listitem>
2275 <listitem><para>New histogram column statistics for optimizer (Tom)</para></listitem>
2276 <listitem><para>Reuse write-ahead log files rather than discarding them (Tom)</para></listitem>
2277 <listitem><para>Cache improvements (Tom)</para></listitem>
2278 <listitem><para>IS NULL, IS NOT NULL optimizer improvement (Tom)</para></listitem>
2279 <listitem><para>Improve lock manager to reduce lock contention (Tom)</para></listitem>
2280 <listitem><para>Keep relcache entries for index access support functions (Tom)</para></listitem>
2281 <listitem><para>Allow better selectivity with NaN and infinities in NUMERIC (Tom)</para></listitem>
2282 <listitem><para>R-tree performance improvements (Kenneth Been)</para></listitem>
2283 <listitem><para>B-tree splits more efficient (Tom)</para></listitem>
2288 <title>Privileges</title>
2290 <listitem><para>Change UPDATE, DELETE permissions to be distinct (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2291 <listitem><para>New REFERENCES, TRIGGER privileges (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2292 <listitem><para>Allow GRANT/REVOKE to/from more than one user at a time (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2293 <listitem><para>New has_table_privilege() function (Joe Conway)</para></listitem>
2294 <listitem><para>Allow non-superuser to vacuum database (Tom)</para></listitem>
2295 <listitem><para>New SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION command (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2296 <listitem><para>Fix bug in privilege modifications on newly created tables (Tom)</para></listitem>
2297 <listitem><para>Disallow access to pg_statistic for non-superuser, add user-accessible views (Tom)</para></listitem>
2302 <title>Client Authentication</title>
2304 <listitem><para>Fork postmaster before doing authentication to prevent hangs (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2305 <listitem><para>Add ident authentication over Unix domain sockets on Linux, *BSD (Helge Bahmann, Oliver Elphick, Teodor Sigaev, Bruce)</para></listitem>
2306 <listitem><para>Add a password authentication method that uses MD5 encryption (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2307 <listitem><para>Allow encryption of stored passwords using MD5 (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2308 <listitem><para>PAM authentication (Dominic J. Eidson)</para></listitem>
2309 <listitem><para>Load pg_hba.conf and pg_ident.conf only on startup and SIGHUP (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2314 <title>Server Configuration</title>
2316 <listitem><para>Interpretation of some time zone abbreviations as Australian rather than North American now settable at run time (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2317 <listitem><para>New parameter to set default transaction isolation level (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2318 <listitem><para>New parameter to enable conversion of "expr = NULL" into "expr IS NULL", off by default (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2319 <listitem><para>New parameter to control memory usage by VACUUM (Tom)</para></listitem>
2320 <listitem><para>New parameter to set client authentication timeout (Tom)</para></listitem>
2321 <listitem><para>New parameter to set maximum number of open files (Tom)</para></listitem>
2326 <title>Queries</title>
2328 <listitem><para>Statements added by INSERT rules now execute after the INSERT (Jan)</para></listitem>
2329 <listitem><para>Prevent unadorned relation names in target list (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2330 <listitem><para>NULLs now sort after all normal values in ORDER BY (Tom)</para></listitem>
2331 <listitem><para>New IS UNKNOWN, IS NOT UNKNOWN Boolean tests (Tom)</para></listitem>
2332 <listitem><para>New SHARE UPDATE EXCLUSIVE lock mode (Tom)</para></listitem>
2333 <listitem><para>New EXPLAIN ANALYZE command that shows run times and row counts (Martijn van Oosterhout)</para></listitem>
2334 <listitem><para>Fix problem with LIMIT and subqueries (Tom)</para></listitem>
2335 <listitem><para>Fix for LIMIT, DISTINCT ON pushed into subqueries (Tom)</para></listitem>
2336 <listitem><para>Fix nested EXCEPT/INTERSECT (Tom)</para></listitem>
2341 <title>Schema Manipulation</title>
2343 <listitem><para>Fix SERIAL in temporary tables (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2344 <listitem><para>Allow temporary sequences (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2345 <listitem><para>Sequences now use int8 internally (Tom)</para></listitem>
2346 <listitem><para>New SERIAL8 creates int8 columns with sequences, default still SERIAL4 (Tom)</para></listitem>
2347 <listitem><para>Make OIDs optional using WITHOUT OIDS (Tom)</para></listitem>
2348 <listitem><para>Add %TYPE syntax to CREATE TYPE (Ian Lance Taylor)</para></listitem>
2349 <listitem><para>Add ALTER TABLE / DROP CONSTRAINT for CHECK constraints (Christopher Kings-Lynne)</para></listitem>
2350 <listitem><para>New CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION to alter existing function (preserving the function OID) (Gavin Sherry)</para></listitem>
2351 <listitem><para>Add ALTER TABLE / ADD [ UNIQUE | PRIMARY ] (Christopher Kings-Lynne)</para></listitem>
2352 <listitem><para>Allow column renaming in views</para></listitem>
2353 <listitem><para>Make ALTER TABLE / RENAME COLUMN update column names of indexes (Brent Verner)</para></listitem>
2354 <listitem><para>Fix for ALTER TABLE / ADD CONSTRAINT ... CHECK with inherited tables (Stephan Szabo)</para></listitem>
2355 <listitem><para>ALTER TABLE RENAME update foreign-key trigger arguments correctly (Brent Verner)</para></listitem>
2356 <listitem><para>DROP AGGREGATE and COMMENT ON AGGREGATE now accept an aggtype (Tom)</para></listitem>
2357 <listitem><para>Add automatic return type data casting for SQL functions (Tom)</para></listitem>
2358 <listitem><para>Allow GiST indexes to handle NULLs and multikey indexes (Oleg Bartunov, Teodor Sigaev, Tom)</para></listitem>
2359 <listitem><para>Enable partial indexes (Martijn van Oosterhout)</para></listitem>
2364 <title>Utility Commands</title>
2366 <listitem><para>Add RESET ALL, SHOW ALL (Marko Kreen)</para></listitem>
2367 <listitem><para>CREATE/ALTER USER/GROUP now allow options in any order (Vince)</para></listitem>
2368 <listitem><para>Add LOCK A, B, C functionality (Neil Padgett)</para></listitem>
2369 <listitem><para>New ENCRYPTED/UNENCRYPTED option to CREATE/ALTER USER (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2370 <listitem><para>New light-weight VACUUM does not lock table; old semantics are available as VACUUM FULL (Tom)</para></listitem>
2371 <listitem><para>Disable COPY TO/FROM on views (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2372 <listitem><para>COPY DELIMITERS string must be exactly one character (Tom)</para></listitem>
2373 <listitem><para>VACUUM warning about index tuples fewer than heap now only appears when appropriate (Martijn van Oosterhout)</para></listitem>
2374 <listitem><para>Fix permission checks for CREATE INDEX (Tom)</para></listitem>
2375 <listitem><para>Disallow inappropriate use of CREATE/DROP INDEX/TRIGGER/VIEW (Tom)</para></listitem>
2380 <title>Data Types and Functions</title>
2382 <listitem><para>SUM(), AVG(), COUNT() now uses int8 internally for speed (Tom)</para></listitem>
2383 <listitem><para>Add convert(), convert2() (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
2384 <listitem><para>New function bit_length() (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2385 <listitem><para>Make the "n" in CHAR(n)/VARCHAR(n) represents letters, not bytes (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
2386 <listitem><para>CHAR(), VARCHAR() now reject strings that are too long (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2387 <listitem><para>BIT VARYING now rejects bit strings that are too long (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2388 <listitem><para>BIT now rejects bit strings that do not match declared size (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2389 <listitem><para>INET, CIDR text conversion functions (Alex Pilosov)</para></listitem>
2390 <listitem><para>INET, CIDR operators << and <<= indexable (Alex Pilosov)</para></listitem>
2391 <listitem><para>Bytea \### now requires valid three digit octal number</para></listitem>
2392 <listitem><para>Bytea comparison improvements, now supports =, <>, >, >=, <, and <=</para></listitem>
2393 <listitem><para>Bytea now supports B-tree indexes</para></listitem>
2394 <listitem><para>Bytea now supports LIKE, LIKE...ESCAPE, NOT LIKE, NOT LIKE...ESCAPE</para></listitem>
2395 <listitem><para>Bytea now supports concatenation</para></listitem>
2396 <listitem><para>New bytea functions: position, substring, trim, btrim, and length</para></listitem>
2397 <listitem><para>New encode() function mode, "escaped", converts minimally escaped bytea to/from text</para></listitem>
2398 <listitem><para>Add pg_database_encoding_max_length() (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
2399 <listitem><para>Add pg_client_encoding() function (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
2400 <listitem><para>now() returns time with millisecond precision (Thomas)</para></listitem>
2401 <listitem><para>New TIMESTAMP WITHOUT TIMEZONE data type (Thomas)</para></listitem>
2402 <listitem><para>Add ISO date/time specification with "T", yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss (Thomas)</para></listitem>
2403 <listitem><para>New xid/int comparison functions (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
2404 <listitem><para>Add precision to TIME, TIMESTAMP, and INTERVAL data types (Thomas)</para></listitem>
2405 <listitem><para>Modify type coercion logic to attempt binary-compatible functions first (Tom)</para></listitem>
2406 <listitem><para>New encode() function installed by default (Marko Kreen)</para></listitem>
2407 <listitem><para>Improved to_*() conversion functions (Karel Zak)</para></listitem>
2408 <listitem><para>Optimize LIKE/ILIKE when using single-byte encodings (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
2409 <listitem><para>New functions in contrib/pgcrypto: crypt(), hmac(), encrypt(), gen_salt() (Marko Kreen)</para></listitem>
2410 <listitem><para>Correct description of translate() function (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2411 <listitem><para>Add INTERVAL argument for SET TIME ZONE (Thomas)</para></listitem>
2412 <listitem><para>Add INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH (etc.) syntax (Thomas)</para></listitem>
2413 <listitem><para>Optimize length functions when using single-byte encodings (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
2414 <listitem><para>Fix path_inter, path_distance, path_length, dist_ppath to handle closed paths (Curtis Barrett, Tom)</para></listitem>
2415 <listitem><para>octet_length(text) now returns non-compressed length (Tatsuo, Bruce)</para></listitem>
2416 <listitem><para>Handle "July" full name in date/time literals (Greg Sabino Mullane)</para></listitem>
2417 <listitem><para>Some datatype() function calls now evaluated differently</para></listitem>
2418 <listitem><para>Add support for Julian and ISO time specifications (Thomas)</para></listitem>
2423 <title>Internationalization</title>
2425 <listitem><para>National language support in psql, <application>pg_dump</>, libpq, and server (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2426 <listitem><para>Message translations in Chinese (simplified, traditional), Czech, French, German, Hungarian, Russian, Swedish (Peter E, Serguei A. Mokhov, Karel Zak, Weiping He, Zhenbang Wei, Kovacs Zoltan)</para></listitem>
2427 <listitem><para>Make trim, ltrim, rtrim, btrim, lpad, rpad, translate multibyte aware (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
2428 <listitem><para>Add LATIN5,6,7,8,9,10 support (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
2429 <listitem><para>Add ISO 8859-5,6,7,8 support (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
2430 <listitem><para>Correct LATIN5 to mean ISO-8859-9, not ISO-8859-5 (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
2431 <listitem><para>Make mic2ascii() non-ASCII aware (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
2432 <listitem><para>Reject invalid multibyte character sequences (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
2437 <title><application>PL/pgSQL</></title>
2439 <listitem><para>Now uses portals for SELECT loops, allowing huge result sets (Jan)</para></listitem>
2440 <listitem><para>CURSOR and REFCURSOR support (Jan)</para></listitem>
2441 <listitem><para>Can now return open cursors (Jan)</para></listitem>
2442 <listitem><para>Add ELSEIF (Klaus Reger)</para></listitem>
2443 <listitem><para>Improve PL/pgSQL error reporting, including location of error (Tom)</para></listitem>
2444 <listitem><para>Allow IS or FOR key words in cursor declaration, for compatibility (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2445 <listitem><para>Fix for SELECT ... FOR UPDATE (Tom)</para></listitem>
2446 <listitem><para>Fix for PERFORM returning multiple rows (Tom)</para></listitem>
2447 <listitem><para>Make PL/pgSQL use the server's type coercion code (Tom)</para></listitem>
2448 <listitem><para>Memory leak fix (Jan, Tom)</para></listitem>
2449 <listitem><para>Make trailing semicolon optional (Tom)</para></listitem>
2454 <title>PL/Perl</title>
2456 <listitem><para>New untrusted PL/Perl (Alex Pilosov)</para></listitem>
2457 <listitem><para>PL/Perl is now built on some platforms even if libperl is not shared (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2462 <title>PL/Tcl</title>
2464 <listitem><para>Now reports errorInfo (Vsevolod Lobko)</para></listitem>
2465 <listitem><para>Add spi_lastoid function (bob@redivi.com)</para></listitem>
2470 <title>PL/Python</title>
2472 <listitem><para>...is new (Andrew Bosma)</para></listitem>
2477 <title><application>psql</></title>
2479 <listitem><para>\d displays indexes in unique, primary groupings (Christopher Kings-Lynne)</para></listitem>
2480 <listitem><para>Allow trailing semicolons in backslash commands (Greg Sabino Mullane)</para></listitem>
2481 <listitem><para>Read password from /dev/tty if possible</para></listitem>
2482 <listitem><para>Force new password prompt when changing user and database (Tatsuo, Tom)</para></listitem>
2483 <listitem><para>Format the correct number of columns for Unicode (Patrice)</para></listitem>
2488 <title><application>libpq</></title>
2490 <listitem><para>New function PQescapeString() to escape quotes in command strings (Florian Weimer)</para></listitem>
2491 <listitem><para>New function PQescapeBytea() escapes binary strings for use as SQL string literals</para></listitem>
2498 <listitem><para>Return OID of INSERT (Ken K)</para></listitem>
2499 <listitem><para>Handle more data types (Ken K)</para></listitem>
2500 <listitem><para>Handle single quotes and newlines in strings (Ken K)</para></listitem>
2501 <listitem><para>Handle NULL variables (Ken K)</para></listitem>
2502 <listitem><para>Fix for time zone handling (Barry Lind)</para></listitem>
2503 <listitem><para>Improved Druid support</para></listitem>
2504 <listitem><para>Allow eight-bit characters with non-multibyte server (Barry Lind)</para></listitem>
2505 <listitem><para>Support BIT, BINARY types (Ned Wolpert)</para></listitem>
2506 <listitem><para>Reduce memory usage (Michael Stephens, Dave Cramer)</para></listitem>
2507 <listitem><para>Update DatabaseMetaData (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2508 <listitem><para>Add DatabaseMetaData.getCatalogs() (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2509 <listitem><para>Encoding fixes (Anders Bengtsson)</para></listitem>
2510 <listitem><para>Get/setCatalog methods (Jason Davies)</para></listitem>
2511 <listitem><para>DatabaseMetaData.getColumns() now returns column defaults (Jason Davies)</para></listitem>
2512 <listitem><para>DatabaseMetaData.getColumns() performance improvement (Jeroen van Vianen)</para></listitem>
2513 <listitem><para>Some JDBC1 and JDBC2 merging (Anders Bengtsson)</para></listitem>
2514 <listitem><para>Transaction performance improvements (Barry Lind)</para></listitem>
2515 <listitem><para>Array fixes (Greg Zoller)</para></listitem>
2516 <listitem><para>Serialize addition </para></listitem>
2517 <listitem><para>Fix batch processing (Rene Pijlman)</para></listitem>
2518 <listitem><para>ExecSQL method reorganization (Anders Bengtsson)</para></listitem>
2519 <listitem><para>GetColumn() fixes (Jeroen van Vianen)</para></listitem>
2520 <listitem><para>Fix isWriteable() function (Rene Pijlman)</para></listitem>
2521 <listitem><para>Improved passage of JDBC2 conformance tests (Rene Pijlman)</para></listitem>
2522 <listitem><para>Add bytea type capability (Barry Lind)</para></listitem>
2523 <listitem><para>Add isNullable() (Rene Pijlman)</para></listitem>
2524 <listitem><para>JDBC date/time test suite fixes (Liam Stewart)</para></listitem>
2525 <listitem><para>Fix for SELECT 'id' AS xxx FROM table (Dave Cramer)</para></listitem>
2526 <listitem><para>Fix DatabaseMetaData to show precision properly (Mark Lillywhite)</para></listitem>
2527 <listitem><para>New getImported/getExported keys (Jason Davies)</para></listitem>
2528 <listitem><para>MD5 password encryption support (Jeremy Wohl)</para></listitem>
2529 <listitem><para>Fix to actually use type cache (Ned Wolpert)</para></listitem>
2536 <listitem><para>Remove query size limit (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
2537 <listitem><para>Remove text field size limit (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
2538 <listitem><para>Fix for SQLPrimaryKeys in multibyte mode (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
2539 <listitem><para>Allow ODBC procedure calls (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
2540 <listitem><para>Improve boolean handing (Aidan Mountford)</para></listitem>
2541 <listitem><para>Most configuration options now settable via DSN (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
2542 <listitem><para>Multibyte, performance fixes (Hiroshi)</para></listitem>
2543 <listitem><para>Allow driver to be used with iODBC or unixODBC (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2544 <listitem><para>MD5 password encryption support (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2545 <listitem><para>Add more compatibility functions to odbc.sql (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2550 <title><application>ECPG</></title>
2552 <listitem><para>EXECUTE ... INTO implemented (Christof Petig)</para></listitem>
2553 <listitem><para>Multiple row descriptor support (e.g. CARDINALITY) (Christof Petig)</para></listitem>
2554 <listitem><para>Fix for GRANT parameters (Lee Kindness)</para></listitem>
2555 <listitem><para>Fix INITIALLY DEFERRED bug</para></listitem>
2556 <listitem><para>Various bug fixes (Michael, Christof Petig)</para></listitem>
2557 <listitem><para>Auto allocation for indicator variable arrays (int *ind_p=NULL)</para></listitem>
2558 <listitem><para>Auto allocation for string arrays (char **foo_pp=NULL)</para></listitem>
2559 <listitem><para>ECPGfree_auto_mem fixed</para></listitem>
2560 <listitem><para>All function names with external linkage are now prefixed by ECPG</para></listitem>
2561 <listitem><para>Fixes for arrays of structures (Michael)</para></listitem>
2566 <title>Misc. Interfaces</title>
2568 <listitem><para>Python fix fetchone() (Gerhard Haring)</para></listitem>
2569 <listitem><para>Use UTF, Unicode in Tcl where appropriate (Vsevolod Lobko, Reinhard Max)</para></listitem>
2570 <listitem><para>Add Tcl COPY TO/FROM (ljb)</para></listitem>
2571 <listitem><para>Prevent output of default index op class in <application>pg_dump</> (Tom)</para></listitem>
2572 <listitem><para>Fix libpgeasy memory leak (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2577 <title>Build and Install</title>
2579 <listitem><para>Configure, dynamic loader, and shared library fixes (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2580 <listitem><para>Fixes in QNX 4 port (Bernd Tegge)</para></listitem>
2581 <listitem><para>Fixes in Cygwin and Win32 ports (Jason Tishler, Gerhard Haring, Dmitry Yurtaev, Darko Prenosil, Mikhail Terekhov)</para></listitem>
2582 <listitem><para>Fix for Win32 socket communication failures (Magnus, Mikhail Terekhov)</para></listitem>
2583 <listitem><para>Hurd compile fix (Oliver Elphick)</para></listitem>
2584 <listitem><para>BeOS fixes (Cyril Velter)</para></listitem>
2585 <listitem><para>Remove configure --enable-unicode-conversion, now enabled by multibyte (Tatsuo)</para></listitem>
2586 <listitem><para>AIX fixes (Tatsuo, Andreas)</para></listitem>
2587 <listitem><para>Fix parallel make (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2588 <listitem><para>Install SQL language manual pages into OS-specific directories (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2589 <listitem><para>Rename config.h to pg_config.h (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2590 <listitem><para>Reorganize installation layout of header files (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2595 <title>Source Code</title>
2597 <listitem><para>Remove SEP_CHAR (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2598 <listitem><para>New GUC hooks (Tom)</para></listitem>
2599 <listitem><para>Merge GUC and command line handling (Marko Kreen)</para></listitem>
2600 <listitem><para>Remove EXTEND INDEX (Martijn van Oosterhout, Tom)</para></listitem>
2601 <listitem><para>New pgjindent utility to indent java code (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2602 <listitem><para>Remove define of true/false when compiling under C++ (Leandro Fanzone, Tom)</para></listitem>
2603 <listitem><para>pgindent fixes (Bruce, Tom)</para></listitem>
2604 <listitem><para>Replace strcasecmp() with strcmp() where appropriate (Peter E)</para></listitem>
2605 <listitem><para>Dynahash portability improvements (Tom)</para></listitem>
2606 <listitem><para>Add 'volatile' usage in spinlock structures</para></listitem>
2607 <listitem><para>Improve signal handling logic (Tom)</para></listitem>
2612 <title>Contrib</title>
2614 <listitem><para>New contrib/rtree_gist (Oleg Bartunov, Teodor Sigaev)</para></listitem>
2615 <listitem><para>New contrib/tsearch full-text indexing (Oleg, Teodor Sigaev)</para></listitem>
2616 <listitem><para>Add contrib/dblink for remote database access (Joe Conway)</para></listitem>
2617 <listitem><para>contrib/ora2pg Oracle conversion utility (Gilles Darold)</para></listitem>
2618 <listitem><para>contrib/xml XML conversion utility (John Gray)</para></listitem>
2619 <listitem><para>contrib/fulltextindex fixes (Christopher Kings-Lynne)</para></listitem>
2620 <listitem><para>New contrib/fuzzystrmatch with levenshtein and metaphone, soundex merged (Joe Conway)</para></listitem>
2621 <listitem><para>Add contrib/intarray boolean queries, binary search, fixes (Oleg Bartunov)</para></listitem>
2622 <listitem><para>New pg_upgrade utility (Bruce)</para></listitem>
2623 <listitem><para>Add new pg_resetxlog options (Bruce, Tom)</para></listitem>
2630 <sect1 id="release-7-1-3">
2631 <title>Release 7.1.3</title>
2634 <title>Release date</title>
2635 <simpara>2001-08-15</simpara>
2639 <title>Migration to version 7.1.3</title>
2642 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
2648 <title>Changes</title>
2652 Remove unused WAL segements of large transactions (Tom)
2653 Multiaction rule fix (Tom)
2654 PL/pgSQL memory allocation fix (Jan)
2655 VACUUM buffer fix (Tom)
2656 Regression test fixes (Tom)
2657 pg_dump fixes for GRANT/REVOKE/comments on views, user-defined types (Tom)
2658 Fix subselects with DISTINCT ON or LIMIT (Tom)
2660 Disable COPY TO/FROM a view (Tom)
2661 Cygwin build (Jason Tishler)
2668 <sect1 id="release-7-1-2">
2669 <title>Release 7.1.2</title>
2672 <title>Release date</title>
2673 <simpara>2001-05-11</simpara>
2677 This has one fix from 7.1.1.
2682 <title>Migration to version 7.1.2</title>
2685 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
2691 <title>Changes</title>
2695 Fix PL/pgSQL SELECTs when returning no rows
2696 Fix for psql backslash core dump
2697 Referential integrity permission fix
2706 <sect1 id="release-7-1-1">
2707 <title>Release 7.1.1</title>
2710 <title>Release date</title>
2711 <simpara>2001-05-05</simpara>
2715 This has a variety of fixes from 7.1.
2720 <title>Migration to version 7.1.1</title>
2723 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
2729 <title>Changes</title>
2733 Fix for numeric MODULO operator (Tom)
2734 pg_dump fixes (Philip)
2735 pg_dump can dump 7.0 databases (Philip)
2736 readline 4.2 fixes (Peter E)
2738 AIX, MSWIN, VAX, N32K fixes (Tom)
2739 Multibytes fixes (Tom)
2740 Unicode fixes (Tatsuo)
2741 Optimizer improvements (Tom)
2742 Fix for whole tuples in functions (Tom)
2743 Fix for pg_ctl and option strings with spaces (Peter E)
2744 ODBC fixes (Hiroshi)
2745 EXTRACT can now take string argument (Thomas)
2746 Python fixes (Darcy)
2753 <sect1 id="release-7-1">
2754 <title>Release 7.1</title>
2757 <title>Release date</title>
2758 <simpara>2001-04-13</simpara>
2762 This release focuses on removing limitations that have existed in the
2763 PostgreSQL code for many years.
2767 Major changes in this release:
2772 Write-ahead Log (WAL)
2776 To maintain database consistency in case
2777 of an operating system crash, previous releases of PostgreSQL have
2778 forced all data modifications to disk before each transaction commit.
2779 With WAL, only one log file must be flushed to disk, greatly improving
2780 performance. If you have been using -F in previous releases to disable
2781 disk flushes, you may want to consider discontinuing its use.
2792 TOAST - Previous releases had a compiled-in row length limit,
2793 typically 8k - 32k. This limit made storage of long text fields
2794 difficult. With TOAST, long rows of any length can be stored with good
2806 We now support outer joins. The UNION/NOT IN
2807 workaround for outer joins is no longer required. We use the SQL92
2819 The previous C function manager did not
2820 handle null values properly, nor did it support 64-bit <acronym>CPU</acronym>'s (Alpha). The new
2821 function manager does. You can continue using your old custom
2822 functions, but you may want to rewrite them in the future to use the new
2823 function manager call interface.
2834 A large number of complex queries that were
2835 unsupported in previous releases now work. Many combinations of views,
2836 aggregates, UNION, LIMIT, cursors, subqueries, and inherited tables
2837 now work properly. Inherited tables are now accessed by default.
2838 Subqueries in FROM are now supported.
2847 <title>Migration to version 7.1</title>
2850 A dump/restore using pg_dump is required for those wishing to migrate
2851 data from any previous release.
2856 <title>Changes</title>
2862 Many multibyte/Unicode/locale fixes (Tatsuo and others)
2863 More reliable ALTER TABLE RENAME (Tom)
2864 Kerberos V fixes (David Wragg)
2865 Fix for INSERT INTO...SELECT where targetlist has subqueries (Tom)
2866 Prompt username/password on standard error (Bruce)
2867 Large objects inv_read/inv_write fixes (Tom)
2868 Fixes for to_char(), to_date(), to_ascii(), and to_timestamp() (Karel,
2870 Prevent query expressions from leaking memory (Tom)
2871 Allow UPDATE of arrays elements (Tom)
2872 Wake up lock waiters during cancel (Hiroshi)
2873 Fix rare cursor crash when using hash join (Tom)
2874 Fix for DROP TABLE/INDEX in rolled-back transaction (Hiroshi)
2875 Fix psql crash from \l+ if MULTIBYTE enabled (Peter E)
2876 Fix truncation of rule names during CREATE VIEW (Ross Reedstrom)
2877 Fix PL/perl (Alex Kapranoff)
2878 Disallow LOCK on views (Mark Hollomon)
2879 Disallow INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE on views (Mark Hollomon)
2880 Disallow DROP RULE, CREATE INDEX, TRUNCATE on views (Mark Hollomon)
2881 Allow PL/pgSQL accept non-ASCII identifiers (Tatsuo)
2882 Allow views to proper handle GROUP BY, aggregates, DISTINCT (Tom)
2883 Fix rare failure with TRUNCATE command (Tom)
2884 Allow UNION/INTERSECT/EXCEPT to be used with ALL, subqueries, views,
2885 DISTINCT, ORDER BY, SELECT...INTO (Tom)
2886 Fix parser failures during aborted transactions (Tom)
2887 Allow temporary relations to properly clean up indexes (Bruce)
2888 Fix VACUUM problem with moving rows in same page (Tom)
2889 Modify pg_dump to better handle user-defined items in template1 (Philip)
2890 Allow LIMIT in VIEW (Tom)
2891 Require cursor FETCH to honor LIMIT (Tom)
2892 Allow PRIMARY/FOREIGN Key definitions on inherited columns (Stephan)
2893 Allow ORDER BY, LIMIT in sub-selects (Tom)
2894 Allow UNION in CREATE RULE (Tom)
2895 Make ALTER/DROP TABLE rollback-able (Vadim, Tom)
2896 Store initdb collation in pg_control so collation cannot be changed (Tom)
2897 Fix INSERT...SELECT with rules (Tom)
2898 Fix FOR UPDATE inside views and subselects (Tom)
2899 Fix OVERLAPS operators conform to SQL92 spec regarding NULLs (Tom)
2900 Fix lpad() and rpad() to handle length less than input string (Tom)
2901 Fix use of NOTIFY in some rules (Tom)
2902 Overhaul btree code (Tom)
2903 Fix NOT NULL use in Pl/pgSQL variables (Tom)
2904 Overhaul GIST code (Oleg)
2905 Fix CLUSTER to preserve constraints and column default (Tom)
2906 Improved deadlock detection handling (Tom)
2907 Allow multiple SERIAL columns in a table (Tom)
2908 Prevent occasional index corruption (Vadim)
2912 Add OUTER JOINs (Tom)
2913 Function manager overhaul (Tom)
2914 Allow ALTER TABLE RENAME on indexes (Tom)
2915 Improve CLUSTER (Tom)
2916 Improve ps status display for more platforms (Peter E, Marc)
2917 Improve CREATE FUNCTION failure message (Ross)
2918 JDBC improvements (Peter, Travis Bauer, Christopher Cain, William Webber,
2920 Grand Unified Configuration scheme/GUC. Many options can now be set in
2921 data/postgresql.conf, postmaster/postgres flags, or SET commands (Peter E)
2922 Improved handling of file descriptor cache (Tom)
2923 New warning code about auto-created table alias entries (Bruce)
2924 Overhaul initdb process (Tom, Peter E)
2925 Overhaul of inherited tables; inherited tables now accessed by default;
2926 new ONLY keyword prevents it (Chris Bitmead, Tom)
2927 ODBC cleanups/improvements (Nick Gorham, Stephan Szabo, Zoltan Kovacs,
2929 Allow renaming of temp tables (Tom)
2930 Overhaul memory manager contexts (Tom)
2931 pg_dumpall uses CREATE USER or CREATE GROUP rather using COPY (Peter E)
2932 Overhaul pg_dump (Philip Warner)
2933 Allow pg_hba.conf secondary password file to specify only username (Peter E)
2934 Allow TEMPORARY or TEMP keyword when creating temporary tables (Bruce)
2935 New memory leak checker (Karel)
2936 New SET SESSION CHARACTERISTICS (Thomas)
2937 Allow nested block comments (Thomas)
2938 Add WITHOUT TIME ZONE type qualifier (Thomas)
2939 New ALTER TABLE ADD CONSTRAINT (Stephan)
2940 Use NUMERIC accumulators for INTEGER aggregates (Tom)
2941 Overhaul aggregate code (Tom)
2942 New VARIANCE and STDDEV() aggregates
2943 Improve dependency ordering of pg_dump (Philip)
2944 New pg_restore command (Philip)
2945 New pg_dump tar output option (Philip)
2946 New pg_dump of large objects (Philip)
2947 New ESCAPE option to LIKE (Thomas)
2948 New case-insensitive LIKE - ILIKE (Thomas)
2949 Allow functional indexes to use binary-compatible type (Tom)
2950 Allow SQL functions to be used in more contexts (Tom)
2951 New pg_config utility (Peter E)
2952 New PL/pgSQL EXECUTE command which allows dynamic SQL and utility statements
2954 New PL/pgSQL GET DIAGNOSTICS statement for SPI value access (Jan)
2955 New quote_identifiers() and quote_literal() functions (Jan)
2956 New ALTER TABLE table OWNER TO user command (Mark Hollomon)
2957 Allow subselects in FROM, i.e. FROM (SELECT ...) [AS] alias (Tom)
2958 Update PyGreSQL to version 3.1 (D'Arcy)
2959 Store tables as files named by OID (Vadim)
2960 New SQL function setval(seq,val,bool) for use in pg_dump (Philip)
2961 Require DROP VIEW to remove views, no DROP TABLE (Mark)
2962 Allow DROP VIEW view1, view2 (Mark)
2963 Allow multiple objects in DROP INDEX, DROP RULE, and DROP TYPE (Tom)
2964 Allow automatic conversion to/from Unicode (Tatsuo, Eiji)
2965 New /contrib/pgcrypto hashing functions (Marko Kreen)
2966 New pg_dumpall --globals-only option (Peter E)
2967 New CHECKPOINT command for WAL which creates new WAL log file (Vadim)
2968 New AT TIME ZONE syntax (Thomas)
2969 Allow location of Unix domain socket to be configurable (David J. MacKenzie)
2970 Allow postmaster to listen on a specific IP address (David J. MacKenzie)
2971 Allow socket path name to be specified in hostname by using leading slash
2972 (David J. MacKenzie)
2973 Allow CREATE DATABASE to specify template database (Tom)
2974 New utility to convert MySQL schema dumps to SQL92 and PostgreSQL (Thomas)
2975 New /contrib/rserv replication toolkit (Vadim)
2976 New file format for COPY BINARY (Tom)
2977 New /contrib/oid2name to map numeric files to table names (B Palmer)
2978 New "idle in transaction" ps status message (Marc)
2979 Update to pgaccess 0.98.7 (Constantin Teodorescu)
2980 pg_ctl now defaults to -w (wait) on shutdown, new -l (log) option
2981 Add rudimentary dependency checking to pg_dump (Philip)
2985 Fix INET/CIDR type ordering and add new functions (Tom)
2986 Make OID behave as an unsigned type (Tom)
2987 Allow BIGINT as synonym for INT8 (Peter E)
2988 New int2 and int8 comparison operators (Tom)
2989 New BIT and BIT VARYING types (Adriaan Joubert, Tom, Peter E)
2990 CHAR() no longer faster than VARCHAR() because of TOAST (Tom)
2991 New GIST seg/cube examples (Gene Selkov)
2992 Improved round(numeric) handling (Tom)
2993 Fix CIDR output formatting (Tom)
2994 New CIDR abbrev() function (Tom)
2998 Write-Ahead Log (WAL) to provide crash recovery with less performance
3000 ANALYZE stage of VACUUM no longer exclusively locks table (Bruce)
3001 Reduced file seeks (Denis Perchine)
3002 Improve BTREE code for duplicate keys (Tom)
3003 Store all large objects in a single table (Denis Perchine, Tom)
3004 Improve memory allocation performance (Karel, Tom)
3008 New function manager call conventions (Tom)
3009 SGI portability fixes (David Kaelbling)
3010 New configure --enable-syslog option (Peter E)
3011 New BSDI README (Bruce)
3012 configure script moved to top level, not /src (Peter E)
3013 Makefile/configuration/compilation overhaul (Peter E)
3014 New configure --with-python option (Peter E)
3015 Solaris cleanups (Peter E)
3016 Overhaul /contrib Makefiles (Karel)
3017 New OpenSSL configuration option (Magnus, Peter E)
3019 QNX fixes (Maurizio)
3020 New heap_open(), heap_openr() API (Tom)
3021 Remove colon and semi-colon operators (Thomas)
3022 New pg_class.relkind value for views (Mark Hollomon)
3023 Rename ichar() to chr() (Karel)
3024 New documentation for btrim(), ascii(), chr(), repeat() (Karel)
3025 Fixes for NT/Cygwin (Pete Forman)
3026 AIX port fixes (Andreas)
3027 New BeOS port (David Reid, Cyril Velter)
3028 Add proofreader's changes to docs (Addison-Wesley, Bruce)
3029 New Alpha spinlock code (Adriaan Joubert, Compaq)
3030 UnixWare port overhaul (Peter E)
3031 New Darwin/MacOS X port (Peter Bierman, Bruce Hartzler)
3032 New FreeBSD Alpha port (Alfred)
3033 Overhaul shared memory segments (Tom)
3034 Add IBM S/390 support (Neale Ferguson)
3035 Moved macmanuf to /contrib (Larry Rosenman)
3036 Syslog improvements (Larry Rosenman)
3037 New template0 database that contains no user additions (Tom)
3038 New /contrib/cube and /contrib/seg GIST sample code (Gene Selkov)
3039 Allow NetBSD's libedit instead of readline (Peter)
3040 Improved assembly language source code format (Bruce)
3041 New contrib/pg_logger
3042 New --template option to createdb
3043 New contrib/pg_control utility (Oliver)
3044 New FreeBSD tools ipc_check, start-scripts/freebsd
3051 <sect1 id="release-7-0-3">
3052 <title>Release 7.0.3</title>
3055 <title>Release date</title>
3056 <simpara>2000-11-11</simpara>
3060 This has a variety of fixes from 7.0.2.
3065 <title>Migration to version 7.0.3</title>
3068 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
3074 <title>Changes</title>
3079 Large object fix (Tom)
3080 Fix lean in COPY WITH OIDS leak (Tom)
3081 Fix backwards-index-scan (Tom)
3082 Fix SELECT ... FOR UPDATE so it checks for duplicate keys (Hiroshi)
3083 Add --enable-syslog to configure (Marc)
3084 Fix abort transaction at backend exit in rare cases (Tom)
3085 Fix for psql \l+ when multibyte enabled (Tatsuo)
3086 Allow PL/pgSQL to accept non ascii identifiers (Tatsuo)
3087 Make vacuum always flush buffers (Tom)
3088 Fix to allow cancel while waiting for a lock (Hiroshi)
3089 Fix for memory aloocation problem in user authentication code (Tom)
3090 Remove bogus use of int4out() (Tom)
3091 Fixes for multiple subqueries in COALESCE or BETWEEN (Tom)
3092 Fix for failure of triggers on heap open in certain cases (Jeroen van
3094 Fix for erroneous selectivity of not-equals (Tom)
3095 Fix for erroneous use of strcmp() (Tom)
3096 Fix for bug where storage manager accesses items beyond end of file
3098 Fix to include kernel errno message in all smgr elog messages (Tom)
3099 Fix for '.' not in PATH at build time (SL Baur)
3100 Fix for out-of-file-descriptors error (Tom)
3101 Fix to make pg_dump dump 'iscachable' flag for functions (Tom)
3102 Fix for subselect in targetlist of Append node (Tom)
3103 Fix for mergejoin plans (Tom)
3104 Fix TRUNCATE failure on relations with indexes (Tom)
3105 Avoid database-wide restart on write error (Hiroshi)
3106 Fix nodeMaterial to honor chgParam by recomputing its output (Tom)
3107 Fix VACUUM problem with moving chain of update tuples when source and
3108 destination of a tuple lie on the same page (Tom)
3109 Fix user.c CommandCounterIncrement (Tom)
3110 Fix for AM/PM boundary problem in to_char() (Karel Zak)
3111 Fix TIME aggregate handling (Tom)
3112 Fix to_char() to avoid coredump on NULL input (Tom)
3114 Fix for inserting/copying longer multibyte strings into char() data
3116 Fix for crash of backend, on abort (Tom)
3123 <sect1 id="release-7-0-2">
3124 <title>Release 7.0.2</title>
3127 <title>Release date</title>
3128 <simpara>2000-06-05</simpara>
3132 This is a repackaging of 7.0.1 with added documentation.
3137 <title>Migration to version 7.0.2</title>
3140 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
3146 <title>Changes</title>
3150 Added documentation to tarball.
3157 <sect1 id="release-7-0-1">
3158 <title>Release 7.0.1</title>
3161 <title>Release date</title>
3162 <simpara>2000-06-01</simpara>
3166 This is a cleanup release for 7.0.
3170 <title>Migration to version 7.0.1</title>
3173 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
3179 <title>Changes</title>
3183 Fix many CLUSTER failures (Tom)
3184 Allow ALTER TABLE RENAME works on indexes (Tom)
3185 Fix plpgsql to handle datetime->timestamp and timespan->interval (Bruce)
3186 New configure --with-setproctitle switch to use setproctitle() (Marc, Bruce)
3187 Fix the off by one errors in ResultSet from 6.5.3, and more.
3188 jdbc ResultSet fixes (Joseph Shraibman)
3189 optimizer tunings (Tom)
3190 Fix create user for pgaccess
3191 Fix for UNLISTEN failure
3192 IRIX fixes (David Kaelbling)
3193 QNX fixes (Andreas Kardos)
3194 Reduce COPY IN lock level (Tom)
3195 Change libpqeasy to use PQconnectdb() style parameters (Bruce)
3196 Fix pg_dump to handle OID indexes (Tom)
3197 Fix small memory leak (Tom)
3198 Solaris fix for createdb/dropdb (Tatsuo)
3199 Fix for non-blocking connections (Alfred Perlstein)
3200 Fix improper recovery after RENAME TABLE failures (Tom)
3201 Copy pg_ident.conf.sample into /lib directory in install (Bruce)
3202 Add SJIS UDC (NEC selection IBM kanji) support (Eiji Tokuya)
3203 Fix too long syslog message (Tatsuo)
3204 Fix problem with quoted indexes that are too long (Tom)
3205 JDBC ResultSet.getTimestamp() fix (Gregory Krasnow & Floyd Marinescu)
3206 ecpg changes (Michael)
3212 <sect1 id="release-7-0">
3213 <title>Release 7.0</title>
3216 <title>Release date</title>
3217 <simpara>2000-05-08</simpara>
3221 This release contains improvements in many areas, demonstrating
3222 the continued growth of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
3223 There are more improvements and fixes in 7.0 than in any previous
3224 release. The developers have confidence that this is the best
3225 release yet; we do our best to put out only solid releases, and
3226 this one is no exception.
3230 Major changes in this release:
3239 Foreign keys are now implemented, with the exception of PARTIAL MATCH
3240 foreign keys. Many users have been asking for this feature, and we are
3241 pleased to offer it.
3252 Continuing on work started a year ago, the optimizer has been
3253 improved, allowing better query plan selection and faster performance
3254 with less memory usage.
3261 Updated <application>psql</application>
3265 <application>psql</application>, our interactive terminal monitor, has been
3266 updated with a variety of new features. See the <application>psql</application> manual page for details.
3277 SQL92 join syntax is now supported, though only as
3278 <literal>INNER JOIN</> for this release. <literal>JOIN</>,
3279 <literal>NATURAL JOIN</>, <literal>JOIN</>/<literal>USING</>,
3280 and <literal>JOIN</>/<literal>ON</> are available, as are
3281 column correlation names.
3293 In 7.1 or 7.2, we plan to have outer joins, storage for very long rows, and a
3294 write-ahead logging system.
3303 <title>Migration to version 7.0</title>
3306 A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application>
3307 is required for those wishing to migrate data from any
3308 previous release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
3309 For those upgrading from 6.5.*, you may instead use
3310 <application>pg_upgrade</application> to upgrade to this
3311 release; however, a full dump/reload installation is always the
3312 most robust method for upgrades.
3316 Interface and compatibility issues to consider for the new
3322 The date/time types <type>datetime</type> and
3323 <type>timespan</type> have been superseded by the
3324 SQL92-defined types <type>timestamp</type> and
3325 <type>interval</type>. Although there has been some effort to
3326 ease the transition by allowing
3327 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> to recognize
3328 the deprecated type names and translate them to the new type
3329 names, this mechanism may not be completely transparent to
3330 your existing application.
3336 The optimizer has been substantially improved in the area of
3337 query cost estimation. In some cases, this will result in
3338 decreased query times as the optimizer makes a better choice
3339 for the preferred plan. However, in a small number of cases,
3340 usually involving pathological distributions of data, your
3341 query times may go up. If you are dealing with large amounts
3342 of data, you may want to check your queries to verify
3349 The <acronym>JDBC</acronym> and <acronym>ODBC</acronym>
3350 interfaces have been upgraded and extended.
3356 The string function <function>CHAR_LENGTH</function> is now a
3357 native function. Previous versions translated this into a call
3358 to <function>LENGTH</function>, which could result in
3359 ambiguity with other types implementing
3360 <function>LENGTH</function> such as the geometric types.
3369 <title>Changes</title>
3375 Prevent function calls exceeding maximum number of arguments (Tom)
3376 Improve CASE construct (Tom)
3377 Fix SELECT coalesce(f1,0) FROM int4_tbl GROUP BY f1 (Tom)
3378 Fix SELECT sentence.words[0] FROM sentence GROUP BY sentence.words[0] (Tom)
3379 Fix GROUP BY scan bug (Tom)
3380 Improvements in SQL grammar processing (Tom)
3381 Fix for views involved in INSERT ... SELECT ... (Tom)
3382 Fix for SELECT a/2, a/2 FROM test_missing_target GROUP BY a/2 (Tom)
3383 Fix for subselects in INSERT ... SELECT (Tom)
3384 Prevent INSERT ... SELECT ... ORDER BY (Tom)
3385 Fixes for relations greater than 2GB, including vacuum
3386 Improve propagating system table changes to other backends (Tom)
3387 Improve propagating user table changes to other backends (Tom)
3388 Fix handling of temp tables in complex situations (Bruce, Tom)
3389 Allow table locking at table open, improving concurrent reliability (Tom)
3390 Properly quote sequence names in pg_dump (Ross J. Reedstrom)
3391 Prevent DROP DATABASE while others accessing
3392 Prevent any rows from being returned by GROUP BY if no rows processed (Tom)
3393 Fix SELECT COUNT(1) FROM table WHERE ...' if no rows matching WHERE (Tom)
3394 Fix pg_upgrade so it works for MVCC (Tom)
3395 Fix for SELECT ... WHERE x IN (SELECT ... HAVING SUM(x) > 1) (Tom)
3396 Fix for "f1 datetime DEFAULT 'now'" (Tom)
3397 Fix problems with CURRENT_DATE used in DEFAULT (Tom)
3398 Allow comment-only lines, and ;;; lines too. (Tom)
3399 Improve recovery after failed disk writes, disk full (Hiroshi)
3400 Fix cases where table is mentioned in FROM but not joined (Tom)
3401 Allow HAVING clause without aggregate functions (Tom)
3402 Fix for "--" comment and no trailing newline, as seen in perl interface
3403 Improve pg_dump failure error reports (Bruce)
3404 Allow sorts and hashes to exceed 2GB file sizes (Tom)
3405 Fix for pg_dump dumping of inherited rules (Tom)
3406 Fix for NULL handling comparisons (Tom)
3407 Fix inconsistent state caused by failed CREATE/DROP commands (Hiroshi)
3408 Fix for dbname with dash
3409 Prevent DROP INDEX from interfering with other backends (Tom)
3410 Fix file descriptor leak in verify_password()
3411 Fix for "Unable to identify an operator =$" problem
3412 Fix ODBC so no segfault if CommLog and Debug enabled (Dirk Niggemann)
3413 Fix for recursive exit call (Massimo)
3414 Fix for extra-long timezones (Jeroen van Vianen)
3415 Make pg_dump preserve primary key information (Peter E)
3416 Prevent databases with single quotes (Peter E)
3417 Prevent DROP DATABASE inside transaction (Peter E)
3418 ecpg memory leak fixes (Stephen Birch)
3419 Fix for SELECT null::text, SELECT int4fac(null) and SELECT 2 + (null) (Tom)
3420 Y2K timestamp fix (Massimo)
3421 Fix for VACUUM 'HEAP_MOVED_IN was not expected' errors (Tom)
3422 Fix for views with tables/columns containing spaces (Tom)
3423 Prevent permissions on indexes (Peter E)
3424 Fix for spinlock stuck problem when error is generated (Hiroshi)
3425 Fix ipcclean on Linux
3426 Fix handling of NULL constraint conditions (Tom)
3427 Fix memory leak in odbc driver (Nick Gorham)
3428 Fix for permission check on UNION tables (Tom)
3429 Fix to allow SELECT 'a' LIKE 'a' (Tom)
3430 Fix for SELECT 1 + NULL (Tom)
3432 Fix log() on numeric type (Tom)
3433 Deprecate ':' and ';' operators
3434 Allow vacuum of temporary tables
3435 Disallow inherited columns with the same name as new columns
3436 Recover or force failure when disk space is exhausted (Hiroshi)
3437 Fix INSERT INTO ... SELECT with AS columns matching result columns
3438 Fix INSERT ... SELECT ... GROUP BY groups by target columns not source columns (Tom)
3439 Fix CREATE TABLE test (a char(5) DEFAULT text '', b int4) with INSERT (Tom)
3440 Fix UNION with LIMIT
3441 Fix CREATE TABLE x AS SELECT 1 UNION SELECT 2
3442 Fix CREATE TABLE test(col char(2) DEFAULT user)
3443 Fix mismatched types in CREATE TABLE ... DEFAULT
3444 Fix SELECT * FROM pg_class where oid in (0,-1)
3445 Fix SELECT COUNT('asdf') FROM pg_class WHERE oid=12
3446 Prevent user who can create databases can modifying pg_database table (Peter E)
3447 Fix btree to give a useful elog when key > 1/2 (page - overhead) (Tom)
3448 Fix INSERT of 0.0 into DECIMAL(4,4) field (Tom)
3452 New CLI interface include file sqlcli.h, based on SQL3/SQL98
3453 Remove all limits on query length, row length limit still exists (Tom)
3454 Update jdbc protocol to 2.0 (Jens Glaser <email>jens@jens.de</email>)
3455 Add TRUNCATE command to quickly truncate relation (Mike Mascari)
3456 Fix to give super user and createdb user proper update catalog rights (Peter E)
3457 Allow ecpg bool variables to have NULL values (Christof)
3458 Issue ecpg error if NULL value for variable with no NULL indicator (Christof)
3459 Allow ^C to cancel COPY command (Massimo)
3460 Add SET FSYNC and SHOW PG_OPTIONS commands(Massimo)
3461 Function name overloading for dynamically-loaded C functions (Frankpitt)
3462 Add CmdTuples() to libpq++(Vince)
3463 New CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER and SET CONSTRAINTS commands(Jan)
3464 Allow CREATE FUNCTION/WITH clause to be used for all language types
3465 configure --enable-debug adds -g (Peter E)
3466 configure --disable-debug removes -g (Peter E)
3467 Allow more complex default expressions (Tom)
3468 First real FOREIGN KEY constraint trigger functionality (Jan)
3469 Add FOREIGN KEY ... MATCH FULL ... ON DELETE CASCADE (Jan)
3470 Add FOREIGN KEY ... MATCH <unspecified> referential actions (Don Baccus)
3471 Allow WHERE restriction on ctid (physical heap location) (Hiroshi)
3472 Move pginterface from contrib to interface directory, rename to pgeasy (Bruce)
3473 Change pgeasy connectdb() parameter ordering (Bruce)
3474 Require SELECT DISTINCT target list to have all ORDER BY columns (Tom)
3475 Add Oracle's COMMENT ON command (Mike Mascari <email>mascarim@yahoo.com</email>)
3476 libpq's PQsetNoticeProcessor function now returns previous hook(Peter E)
3477 Prevent PQsetNoticeProcessor from being set to NULL (Peter E)
3478 Make USING in COPY optional (Bruce)
3479 Allow subselects in the target list (Tom)
3480 Allow subselects on the left side of comparison operators (Tom)
3481 New parallel regression test (Jan)
3482 Change backend-side COPY to write files with permissions 644 not 666 (Tom)
3483 Force permissions on PGDATA directory to be secure, even if it exists (Tom)
3484 Added psql LASTOID variable to return last inserted oid (Peter E)
3485 Allow concurrent vacuum and remove pg_vlock vacuum lock file (Tom)
3486 Add permissions check for vacuum (Peter E)
3487 New libpq functions to allow asynchronous connections: PQconnectStart(),
3488 PQconnectPoll(), PQresetStart(), PQresetPoll(), PQsetenvStart(),
3489 PQsetenvPoll(), PQsetenvAbort (Ewan Mellor)
3490 New libpq PQsetenv() function (Ewan Mellor)
3491 create/alter user extension (Peter E)
3492 New postmaster.pid and postmaster.opts under $PGDATA (Tatsuo)
3493 New scripts for create/drop user/db (Peter E)
3494 Major psql overhaul (Peter E)
3495 Add const to libpq interface (Peter E)
3496 New libpq function PQoidValue (Peter E)
3497 Show specific non-aggregate causing problem with GROUP BY (Tom)
3498 Make changes to pg_shadow recreate pg_pwd file (Peter E)
3499 Add aggregate(DISTINCT ...) (Tom)
3500 Allow flag to control COPY input/output of NULLs (Peter E)
3501 Make postgres user have a password by default (Peter E)
3502 Add CREATE/ALTER/DROP GROUP (Peter E)
3503 All administration scripts now support --long options (Peter E, Karel)
3504 Vacuumdb script now supports --all option (Peter E)
3505 ecpg new portable FETCH syntax
3506 Add ecpg EXEC SQL IFDEF, EXEC SQL IFNDEF, EXEC SQL ELSE, EXEC SQL ELIF
3507 and EXEC SQL ENDIF directives
3508 Add pg_ctl script to control backend start-up (Tatsuo)
3509 Add postmaster.opts.default file to store start-up flags (Tatsuo)
3510 Allow --with-mb=SQL_ASCII
3511 Increase maximum number of index keys to 16 (Bruce)
3512 Increase maximum number of function arguments to 16 (Bruce)
3513 Allow configuration of maximum number of index keys and arguments (Bruce)
3514 Allow unprivileged users to change their passwords (Peter E)
3515 Password authentication enabled; required for new users (Peter E)
3516 Disallow dropping a user who owns a database (Peter E)
3517 Change initdb option --with-mb to --enable-multibyte
3518 Add option for initdb to prompts for superuser password (Peter E)
3519 Allow complex type casts like col::numeric(9,2) and col::int2::float8 (Tom)
3520 Updated user interfaces on initdb, initlocation, pg_dump, ipcclean (Peter E)
3521 New pg_char_to_encoding() and pg_encoding_to_char() functions (Tatsuo)
3522 libpq non-blocking mode (Alfred Perlstein)
3523 Improve conversion of types in casts that don't specify a length
3524 New plperl internal programming language (Mark Hollomon)
3525 Allow COPY IN to read file that do not end with a newline (Tom)
3526 Indicate when long identifiers are truncated (Tom)
3527 Allow aggregates to use type equivalency (Peter E)
3528 Add Oracle's to_char(), to_date(), to_datetime(), to_timestamp(), to_number()
3529 conversion functions (Karel Zak <zakkr@zf.jcu.cz>)
3530 Add SELECT DISTINCT ON (expr [, expr ...]) targetlist ... (Tom)
3531 Check to be sure ORDER BY is compatible with the DISTINCT operation (Tom)
3532 Add NUMERIC and int8 types to ODBC
3533 Improve EXPLAIN results for Append, Group, Agg, Unique (Tom)
3534 Add ALTER TABLE ... ADD FOREIGN KEY (Stephan Szabo)
3535 Allow SELECT .. FOR UPDATE in PL/pgSQL (Hiroshi)
3536 Enable backward sequential scan even after reaching EOF (Hiroshi)
3537 Add btree indexing of boolean values, >= and <= (Don Baccus)
3538 Print current line number when COPY FROM fails (Massimo)
3539 Recognize POSIX time zone e.g. "PST+8" and "GMT-8" (Thomas)
3540 Add DEC as synonym for DECIMAL (Thomas)
3541 Add SESSION_USER as SQL92 keyword, same as CURRENT_USER (Thomas)
3542 Implement SQL92 column aliases (aka correlation names) (Thomas)
3543 Implement SQL92 join syntax (Thomas)
3544 Make INTERVAL reserved word allowed as a column identifier (Thomas)
3545 Implement REINDEX command (Hiroshi)
3546 Accept ALL in aggregate function SUM(ALL col) (Tom)
3547 Prevent GROUP BY from using column aliases (Tom)
3548 New psql \encoding option (Tatsuo)
3549 Allow PQrequestCancel() to terminate when in waiting-for-lock state (Hiroshi)
3550 Allow negation of a negative number in all cases
3551 Add ecpg descriptors (Christof, Michael)
3552 Allow CREATE VIEW v AS SELECT f1::char(8) FROM tbl
3553 Allow casts with length, like foo::char(8)
3554 New libpq functions PQsetClientEncoding(), PQclientEncoding() (Tatsuo)
3555 Add support for SJIS user defined characters (Tatsuo)
3556 Larger views/rules supported
3557 Make libpq's PQconndefaults() thread-safe (Tom)
3558 Disable // as comment to be ANSI conforming, should use -- (Tom)
3559 Allow column aliases on views CREATE VIEW name (collist)
3560 Fixes for views with subqueries (Tom)
3561 Allow UPDATE table SET fld = (SELECT ...) (Tom)
3562 SET command options no longer require quotes
3563 Update pgaccess to 0.98.6
3564 New SET SEED command
3565 New pg_options.sample file
3566 New SET FSYNC command (Massimo)
3567 Allow pg_descriptions when creating tables
3568 Allow pg_descriptions when creating types, columns, and functions
3569 Allow psql \copy to allow delimiters (Peter E)
3570 Allow psql to print nulls as distinct from "" [null] (Peter E)
3574 Many array fixes (Tom)
3575 Allow bare column names to be subscripted as arrays (Tom)
3576 Improve type casting of int and float constants (Tom)
3577 Cleanups for int8 inputs, range checking, and type conversion (Tom)
3578 Fix for SELECT timespan('21:11:26'::time) (Tom)
3579 netmask('x.x.x.x/0') is 255.255.255.255 instead of 0.0.0.0 (Oleg Sharoiko)
3580 Add btree index on NUMERIC (Jan)
3581 Perl fix for large objects containing NUL characters (Douglas Thomson)
3582 ODBC fix for for large objects (free)
3583 Fix indexing of cidr data type
3584 Fix for Ethernet MAC addresses (macaddr type) comparisons
3585 Fix for date/time types when overflows happened in computations (Tom)
3586 Allow array on int8 (Peter E)
3587 Fix for rounding/overflow of NUMERIC type, like NUMERIC(4,4) (Tom)
3588 Allow NUMERIC arrays
3589 Fix bugs in NUMERIC ceil() and floor() functions (Tom)
3590 Make char_length()/octet_length including trailing blanks (Tom)
3591 Made abstime/reltime use int4 instead of time_t (Peter E)
3592 New lztext data type for compressed text fields
3593 Revise code to handle coercion of int and float constants (Tom)
3594 Start at new code to implement a BIT and BIT VARYING type (Adriaan Joubert)
3595 NUMERIC now accepts scientific notation (Tom)
3596 NUMERIC to int4 rounds (Tom)
3597 Convert float4/8 to NUMERIC properly (Tom)
3598 Allow type conversion with NUMERIC (Thomas)
3599 Make ISO date style (2000-02-16 09:33) the default (Thomas)
3600 Add NATIONAL CHAR [ VARYING ] (Thomas)
3601 Allow NUMERIC round and trunc to accept negative scales (Tom)
3602 New TIME WITH TIME ZONE type (Thomas)
3603 Add MAX()/MIN() on time type (Thomas)
3604 Add abs(), mod(), fac() for int8 (Thomas)
3605 Rename functions to round(), sqrt(), cbrt(), pow() for float8 (Thomas)
3606 Add transcendental math functions (e.g. sin(), acos()) for float8 (Thomas)
3607 Add exp() and ln() for NUMERIC type
3608 Rename NUMERIC power() to pow() (Thomas)
3609 Improved TRANSLATE() function (Edwin Ramirez, Tom)
3610 Allow X=-Y operators (Tom)
3611 Allow SELECT float8(COUNT(*))/(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM t) FROM t GROUP BY f1; (Tom)
3612 Allow LOCALE to use indexes in regular expression searches (Tom)
3613 Allow creation of functional indexes to use default types
3617 Prevent exponential space consumption with many AND's and OR's (Tom)
3618 Collect attribute selectivity values for system columns (Tom)
3619 Reduce memory usage of aggregates (Tom)
3620 Fix for LIKE optimization to use indexes with multibyte encodings (Tom)
3621 Fix r-tree index optimizer selectivity (Thomas)
3622 Improve optimizer selectivity computations and functions (Tom)
3623 Optimize btree searching for cases where many equal keys exist (Tom)
3624 Enable fast LIKE index processing only if index present (Tom)
3625 Re-use free space on index pages with duplicates (Tom)
3626 Improve hash join processing (Tom)
3627 Prevent descending sort if result is already sorted(Hiroshi)
3628 Allow commuting of index scan query qualifications (Tom)
3629 Prefer index scans in cases where ORDER BY/GROUP BY is required (Tom)
3630 Allocate large memory requests in fix-sized chunks for performance (Tom)
3631 Fix vacuum's performance by reducing memory allocation requests (Tom)
3632 Implement constant-expression simplification (Bernard Frankpitt, Tom)
3633 Use secondary columns to be used to determine start of index scan (Hiroshi)
3634 Prevent quadruple use of disk space when doing internal sorting (Tom)
3635 Faster sorting by calling fewer functions (Tom)
3636 Create system indexes to match all system caches (Bruce, Hiroshi)
3637 Make system caches use system indexes (Bruce)
3638 Make all system indexes unique (Bruce)
3639 Improve pg_statistics management for VACUUM speed improvement (Tom)
3640 Flush backend cache less frequently (Tom, Hiroshi)
3641 COPY now reuses previous memory allocation, improving performance (Tom)
3642 Improve optimization cost estimation (Tom)
3643 Improve optimizer estimate of range queries x > lowbound AND x < highbound (Tom)
3644 Use DNF instead of CNF where appropriate (Tom, Taral)
3645 Further cleanup for OR-of-AND WHERE-clauses (Tom)
3646 Make use of index in OR clauses (x = 1 AND y = 2) OR (x = 2 AND y = 4) (Tom)
3647 Smarter optimizer computations for random index page access (Tom)
3648 New SET variable to control optimizer costs (Tom)
3649 Optimizer queries based on LIMIT, OFFSET, and EXISTS qualifications (Tom)
3650 Reduce optimizer internal housekeeping of join paths for speedup (Tom)
3651 Major subquery speedup (Tom)
3652 Fewer fsync writes when fsync is not disabled (Tom)
3653 Improved LIKE optimizer estimates (Tom)
3654 Prevent fsync in SELECT-only queries (Vadim)
3655 Make index creation use psort code, because it is now faster (Tom)
3656 Allow creation of sort temp tables > 1 Gig
3660 Fix for linux PPC compile
3661 New generic expression-tree-walker subroutine (Tom)
3662 Change form() to varargform() to prevent portability problems
3663 Improved range checking for large integers on Alphas
3664 Clean up #include in /include directory (Bruce)
3665 Add scripts for checking includes (Bruce)
3666 Remove un-needed #include's from *.c files (Bruce)
3667 Change #include's to use <> and "" as appropriate (Bruce)
3668 Enable WIN32 compilation of libpq
3669 Alpha spinlock fix from Uncle George <email>gatgul@voicenet.com</email>
3670 Overhaul of optimizer data structures (Tom)
3671 Fix to cygipc library (Yutaka Tanida)
3672 Allow pgsql to work on newer Cygwin snapshots (Dan)
3673 New catalog version number (Tom)
3675 Rename heap_replace to heap_update
3676 Update for QNX (Dr. Andreas Kardos)
3677 New platform-specific regression handling (Tom)
3678 Rename oid8 -> oidvector and int28 -> int2vector (Bruce)
3679 Included all yacc and lex files into the distribution (Peter E.)
3680 Remove lextest, no longer needed (Peter E)
3681 Fix for libpq and psql on Win32 (Magnus)
3682 Internally change datetime and timespan into timestamp and interval (Thomas)
3683 Fix for plpgsql on BSD/OS
3684 Add SQL_ASCII test case to the regression test (Tatsuo)
3685 configure --with-mb now deprecated (Tatsuo)
3687 NetBSD fixes (Johnny C. Lam <email>lamj@stat.cmu.edu</email>)
3688 Fixes for Alpha compiles
3689 New multibyte encodings
3695 <sect1 id="release-6-5-3">
3696 <title>Release 6.5.3</title>
3699 <title>Release date</title>
3700 <simpara>1999-10-13</simpara>
3704 This is basically a cleanup release for 6.5.2. We have added a new
3705 <application>PgAccess</> that was missing in 6.5.2, and installed an NT-specific fix.
3710 <title>Migration to version 6.5.3</title>
3713 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
3718 <title>Changes</title>
3722 Updated version of pgaccess 0.98
3724 Fix dumping rules on inherited tables
3731 <sect1 id="release-6-5-2">
3732 <title>Release 6.5.2</title>
3735 <title>Release date</title>
3736 <simpara>1999-09-15</simpara>
3740 This is basically a cleanup release for 6.5.1. We have fixed a variety of
3741 problems reported by 6.5.1 users.
3746 <title>Migration to version 6.5.2</title>
3749 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
3755 <title>Changes</title>
3759 subselect+CASE fixes(Tom)
3760 Add SHLIB_LINK setting for solaris_i386 and solaris_sparc ports(Daren Sefcik)
3761 Fixes for CASE in WHERE join clauses(Tom)
3762 Fix BTScan abort(Tom)
3763 Repair the check for redundant UNIQUE and PRIMARY KEY indexes(Thomas)
3764 Improve it so that it checks for multicolumn constraints(Thomas)
3765 Fix for Win32 making problem with MB enabled(Hiroki Kataoka)
3766 Allow BSD yacc and bison to compile pl code(Bruce)
3767 Fix SET NAMES working
3769 Fix vacuum's memory consumption(Hiroshi,Tatsuo)
3770 Reduce the total memory consumption of vacuum(Tom)
3771 Fix for timestamp(datetime)
3772 Rule deparsing bugfixes(Tom)
3773 Fix quoting problems in mkMakefile.tcldefs.sh.in and mkMakefile.tkdefs.sh.in(Tom)
3774 This is to re-use space on index pages freed by vacuum(Vadim)
3775 document -x for pg_dump(Bruce)
3776 Fix for unary operators in rule deparser(Tom)
3777 Comment out FileUnlink of excess segments during mdtruncate()(Tom)
3778 IRIX linking fix from Yu Cao >yucao@falcon.kla-tencor.com<
3779 Repair logic error in LIKE: should not return LIKE_ABORT
3780 when reach end of pattern before end of text(Tom)
3781 Repair incorrect cleanup of heap memory allocation during transaction abort(Tom)
3782 Updated version of pgaccess 0.98
3788 <sect1 id="release-6-5-1">
3789 <title>Release 6.5.1</title>
3792 <title>Release date</title>
3793 <simpara>1999-07-15</simpara>
3797 This is basically a cleanup release for 6.5. We have fixed a variety of
3798 problems reported by 6.5 users.
3802 <title>Migration to version 6.5.1</title>
3805 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
3811 <title>Changes</title>
3816 Portability fixes for linux_ppc, IRIX, linux_alpha, OpenBSD, alpha
3817 Remove QUERY_LIMIT, use SELECT...LIMIT
3818 Fix for EXPLAIN on inheritance(Tom)
3819 Patch to allow vacuum on multisegment tables(Hiroshi)
3820 R-Tree optimizer selectivity fix(Tom)
3821 ACL file descriptor leak fix(Atsushi Ogawa)
3822 New expresssion subtree code(Tom)
3823 Avoid disk writes for read-only transactions(Vadim)
3824 Fix for removal of temp tables if last transaction was aborted(Bruce)
3825 Fix to prevent too large tuple from being created(Bruce)
3827 Allow port numbers 32k - 64k(Bruce)
3828 Add ^ precidence(Bruce)
3829 Rename sort files called pg_temp to pg_sorttemp(Bruce)
3830 Fix for microseconds in time values(Tom)
3831 Tutorial source cleanup
3833 Fix for sorting of NULL's in some cases(Tom)
3834 Shared library dependencies fixed (Tom)
3835 Fixed glitches affecting GROUP BY in subselects(Tom)
3836 Fix some compiler warnings (Tomoaki Nishiyama)
3837 Add Win1250 (Czech) support (Pavel Behal)
3843 <sect1 id="release-6-5">
3844 <title>Release 6.5</title>
3847 <title>Release date</title>
3848 <simpara>1999-06-09</simpara>
3852 This release marks a major step in the development team's mastery of the source
3853 code we inherited from Berkeley. You will see we are now easily adding
3854 major features, thanks to the increasing size and experience of our
3855 world-wide development team.
3859 Here is a brief summary of the more notable changes:
3864 Multiversion concurrency control(MVCC)
3868 This removes our old
3869 table-level locking, and replaces it with a locking system that is
3870 superior to most commercial database systems. In a traditional system,
3871 each row that is modified is locked until committed, preventing reads by
3872 other users. MVCC uses the natural multiversion nature of PostgreSQL
3873 to allow readers to continue reading consistent data during writer
3874 activity. Writers continue to use the compact pg_log transaction
3875 system. This is all performed without having to allocate a lock for
3876 every row like traditional database systems. So, basically, we no
3877 longer are restricted by simple table-level locking;
3878 we have something better than row-level locking.
3885 Hot backups from <application>pg_dump</application>
3889 <application>pg_dump</application> takes advantage of the new
3890 MVCC features to give a consistent database dump/backup while
3891 the database stays online and available for queries.
3902 We now have a true numeric data type, with
3903 user-specified precision.
3914 Temporary tables are guaranteed to have unique names
3915 within a database session, and are destroyed on session exit.
3926 We now have CASE, INTERSECT, and EXCEPT statement
3927 support. We have new LIMIT/OFFSET, SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL,
3928 SELECT ... FOR UPDATE, and an improved LOCK TABLE command.
3939 We continue to speed up PostgreSQL, thanks to the variety of
3940 talents within our team. We have sped up memory allocation,
3941 optimization, table joins, and row transfer routines.
3952 We continue to expand our port list, this time including
3953 <systemitem class="osname">Windows NT</>/<systemitem>ix86</> and <systemitem class="osname">NetBSD</>/<systemitem>arm32</>.
3964 Most interfaces have new versions, and existing functionality
3976 New and updated material is present throughout the
3977 documentation. New <acronym>FAQ</acronym>s have been
3978 contributed for <systemitem class="osname">SGI</> and <systemitem class="osname">AIX</> platforms.
3979 The <citetitle>Tutorial</citetitle> has introductory information
3980 on <acronym>SQL</acronym> from Stefan Simkovics.
3981 For the <citetitle>User's Guide</citetitle>, there are
3982 reference pages covering the postmaster and more utility
3983 programs, and a new appendix
3984 contains details on date/time behavior.
3985 The <citetitle>Administrator's Guide</citetitle> has a new
3986 chapter on troubleshooting from Tom Lane.
3987 And the <citetitle>Programmer's Guide</citetitle> has a
3988 description of query processing, also from Stefan, and details
3989 on obtaining the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> source
3990 tree via anonymous <productname>CVS</productname> and
3991 <productname>CVSup</productname>.
3999 <title>Migration to version 6.5</title>
4002 A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application>
4003 is required for those wishing to migrate data from any
4004 previous release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
4005 <application>pg_upgrade</application> can <emphasis>not</emphasis>
4006 be used to upgrade to this release because the on-disk structure
4007 of the tables has changed compared to previous releases.
4011 The new Multiversion Concurrency Control (MVCC) features can
4012 give somewhat different behaviors in multiuser
4013 environments. <emphasis>Read and understand the following section
4014 to ensure that your existing applications will give you the
4015 behavior you need.</emphasis>
4019 <title>Multiversion Concurrency Control</title>
4022 Because readers in 6.5 don't lock data, regardless of transaction
4023 isolation level, data read by one transaction can be overwritten by
4024 another. In other words, if a row is returned by
4025 <command>SELECT</command> it doesn't mean that this row really exists
4026 at the time it is returned (i.e. sometime after the statement or
4027 transaction began) nor that the row is protected from being deleted or
4028 updated by concurrent transactions before the current transaction does
4029 a commit or rollback.
4033 To ensure the actual existence of a row and protect it against
4034 concurrent updates one must use <command>SELECT FOR UPDATE</command> or
4035 an appropriate <command>LOCK TABLE</command> statement. This should be
4036 taken into account when porting applications from previous releases of
4037 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> and other environments.
4041 Keep the above in mind if you are using
4042 <filename>contrib/refint.*</filename> triggers for
4043 referential integrity. Additional techniques are required now. One way is
4044 to use <command>LOCK parent_table IN SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE MODE</command>
4045 command if a transaction is going to update/delete a primary key and
4046 use <command>LOCK parent_table IN SHARE MODE</command> command if a
4047 transaction is going to update/insert a foreign key.
4051 Note that if you run a transaction in SERIALIZABLE mode then you must
4052 execute the <command>LOCK</command> commands above before execution of any
4053 <acronym>DML</acronym> statement
4054 (<command>SELECT/INSERT/DELETE/UPDATE/FETCH/COPY_TO</command>) in the
4061 These inconveniences will disappear in the future
4062 when the ability to read dirty
4063 (uncommitted) data (regardless of isolation level) and true referential
4064 integrity will be implemented.
4070 <title>Changes</title>
4076 Fix text<->float8 and text<->float4 conversion functions(Thomas)
4077 Fix for creating tables with mixed-case constraints(Billy)
4078 Change exp()/pow() behavior to generate error on underflow/overflow(Jan)
4079 Fix bug in pg_dump -z
4080 Memory overrun cleanups(Tatsuo)
4081 Fix for lo_import crash(Tatsuo)
4082 Adjust handling of data type names to suppress double quotes(Thomas)
4083 Use type coercion for matching columns and DEFAULT(Thomas)
4084 Fix deadlock so it only checks once after one second of sleep(Bruce)
4085 Fixes for aggregates and PL/pgsql(Hiroshi)
4086 Fix for subquery crash(Vadim)
4087 Fix for libpq function PQfnumber and case-insensitive names(Bahman Rafatjoo)
4088 Fix for large object write-in-middle, no extra block, memory consumption(Tatsuo)
4089 Fix for pg_dump -d or -D and quote special characters in INSERT
4090 Repair serious problems with dynahash(Tom)
4091 Fix INET/CIDR portability problems
4092 Fix problem with selectivity error in ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN(Bruce)
4093 Fix executor so mergejoin of different column types works(Tom)
4094 Fix for Alpha OR selectivity bug
4095 Fix OR index selectivity problem(Bruce)
4096 Fix so \d shows proper length for char()/varchar()(Ryan)
4097 Fix tutorial code(Clark)
4098 Improve destroyuser checking(Oliver)
4099 Fix for Kerberos(Rodney McDuff)
4100 Fix for dropping database while dirty buffers(Bruce)
4101 Fix so sequence nextval() can be case-sensitive(Bruce)
4103 Drop buffers before destroying database files(Bruce)
4104 Fix case where executor evaluates functions twice(Tatsuo)
4105 Allow sequence nextval actions to be case-sensitive(Bruce)
4106 Fix optimizer indexing not working for negative numbers(Bruce)
4107 Fix for memory leak in executor with fjIsNull
4108 Fix for aggregate memory leaks(Erik Riedel)
4109 Allow username containing a dash GRANT permissions
4110 Cleanup of NULL in inet types
4111 Clean up system table bugs(Tom)
4112 Fix problems of PAGER and \? command(Masaaki Sakaida)
4113 Reduce default multisegment file size limit to 1GB(Peter)
4114 Fix for dumping of CREATE OPERATOR(Tom)
4115 Fix for backward scanning of cursors(Hiroshi Inoue)
4116 Fix for COPY FROM STDIN when using \i(Tom)
4117 Fix for subselect is compared inside an expression(Jan)
4118 Fix handling of error reporting while returning rows(Tom)
4119 Fix problems with reference to array types(Tom,Jan)
4120 Prevent UPDATE SET oid(Jan)
4121 Fix pg_dump so -t option can handle case-sensitive tablenames
4122 Fixes for GROUP BY in special cases(Tom, Jan)
4123 Fix for memory leak in failed queries(Tom)
4124 DEFAULT now supports mixed-case identifiers(Tom)
4125 Fix for multisegment uses of DROP/RENAME table, indexes(Ole Gjerde)
4126 Disable use of pg_dump with both -o and -d options(Bruce)
4127 Allow pg_dump to properly dump GROUP permissions(Bruce)
4128 Fix GROUP BY in INSERT INTO table SELECT * FROM table2(Jan)
4129 Fix for computations in views(Jan)
4130 Fix for aggregates on array indexes(Tom)
4131 Fix for DEFAULT handles single quotes in value requiring too many quotes
4132 Fix security problem with non-super users importing/exporting large objects(Tom)
4133 Rollback of transaction that creates table cleaned up properly(Tom)
4134 Fix to allow long table and column names to generate proper serial names(Tom)
4138 Add "vacuumdb" utility
4139 Speed up libpq by allocating memory better(Tom)
4140 EXPLAIN all indexes used(Tom)
4141 Implement CASE, COALESCE, NULLIF expression(Thomas)
4142 New pg_dump table output format(Constantin)
4143 Add string min()/max() functions(Thomas)
4144 Extend new type coercion techniques to aggregates(Thomas)
4145 New moddatetime contrib(Terry)
4146 Update to pgaccess 0.96(Constantin)
4147 Add routines for single-byte "char" type(Thomas)
4148 Improved substr() function(Thomas)
4149 Improved multibyte handling(Tatsuo)
4150 Multiversion concurrency control/MVCC(Vadim)
4151 New Serialized mode(Vadim)
4152 Fix for tables over 2gigs(Peter)
4153 New SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL(Vadim)
4154 New LOCK TABLE IN ... MODE(Vadim)
4155 Update ODBC driver(Byron)
4156 New NUMERIC data type(Jan)
4157 New SELECT FOR UPDATE(Vadim)
4158 Handle "NaN" and "Infinity" for input values(Jan)
4159 Improved date/year handling(Thomas)
4160 Improved handling of backend connections(Magnus)
4161 New options ELOG_TIMESTAMPS and USE_SYSLOG options for log files(Massimo)
4162 New TCL_ARRAYS option(Massimo)
4163 New INTERSECT and EXCEPT(Stefan)
4164 New pg_index.indisprimary for primary key tracking(D'Arcy)
4165 New pg_dump option to allow dropping of tables before creation(Brook)
4166 Speedup of row output routines(Tom)
4167 New READ COMMITTED isolation level(Vadim)
4168 New TEMP tables/indexes(Bruce)
4169 Prevent sorting if result is already sorted(Jan)
4170 New memory allocation optimization(Jan)
4171 Allow psql to do \p\g(Bruce)
4172 Allow multiple rule actions(Jan)
4173 Added LIMIT/OFFSET functionality(Jan)
4174 Improve optimizer when joining a large number of tables(Bruce)
4175 New intro to SQL from S. Simkovics' Master's Thesis (Stefan, Thomas)
4176 New intro to backend processing from S. Simkovics' Master's Thesis (Stefan)
4177 Improved int8 support(Ryan Bradetich, Thomas, Tom)
4178 New routines to convert between int8 and text/varchar types(Thomas)
4179 New bushy plans, where meta-tables are joined(Bruce)
4180 Enable right-hand queries by default(Bruce)
4181 Allow reliable maximum number of backends to be set at configure time
4182 (--with-maxbackends and postmaster switch (-N backends))(Tom)
4183 GEQO default now 10 tables because of optimizer speedups(Tom)
4184 Allow NULL=Var for MS-SQL portability(Michael, Bruce)
4185 Modify contrib check_primary_key() so either "automatic" or "dependent"(Anand)
4186 Allow psql \d on a view show query(Ryan)
4187 Speedup for LIKE(Bruce)
4188 Ecpg fixes/features, see src/interfaces/ecpg/ChangeLog file(Michael)
4189 JDBC fixes/features, see src/interfaces/jdbc/CHANGELOG(Peter)
4190 Make % operator have precedence like /(Bruce)
4191 Add new postgres -O option to allow system table structure changes(Bruce)
4192 Update contrib/pginterface/findoidjoins script(Tom)
4193 Major speedup in vacuum of deleted rows with indexes(Vadim)
4194 Allow non-SQL functions to run different versions based on arguments(Tom)
4195 Add -E option that shows actual queries sent by \dt and friends(Masaaki Sakaida)
4196 Add version number in start-up banners for psql(Masaaki Sakaida)
4197 New contrib/vacuumlo removes large objects not referenced(Peter)
4198 New initialization for table sizes so non-vacuumed tables perform better(Tom)
4199 Improve error messages when a connection is rejected(Tom)
4200 Support for arrays of char() and varchar() fields(Massimo)
4201 Overhaul of hash code to increase reliability and performance(Tom)
4202 Update to PyGreSQL 2.4(D'Arcy)
4203 Changed debug options so -d4 and -d5 produce different node displays(Jan)
4204 New pg_options: pretty_plan, pretty_parse, pretty_rewritten(Jan)
4205 Better optimization statistics for system table access(Tom)
4206 Better handling of non-default block sizes(Massimo)
4207 Improve GEQO optimizer memory consumption(Tom)
4208 UNION now suppports ORDER BY of columns not in target list(Jan)
4209 Major libpq++ improvements(Vince Vielhaber)
4210 pg_dump now uses -z(ACL's) as default(Bruce)
4211 backend cache, memory speedups(Tom)
4212 have pg_dump do everything in one snapshot transaction(Vadim)
4213 fix for large object memory leakage, fix for pg_dumping(Tom)
4214 INET type now respects netmask for comparisons
4215 Make VACUUM ANALYZE only use a readlock(Vadim)
4216 Allow VIEWs on UNIONS(Jan)
4217 pg_dump now can generate consistent snapshots on active databases(Vadim)
4221 Improve port matching(Tom)
4222 Portability fixes for SunOS
4223 Add NT/Win32 backend port and enable dynamic loading(Magnus and Daniel Horak)
4224 New port to Cobalt Qube(Mips) running Linux(Tatsuo)
4225 Port to NetBSD/m68k(Mr. Mutsuki Nakajima)
4226 Port to NetBSD/sun3(Mr. Mutsuki Nakajima)
4227 Port to NetBSD/macppc(Toshimi Aoki)
4228 Fix for tcl/tk configuration(Vince)
4229 Removed CURRENT keyword for rule queries(Jan)
4230 NT dynamic loading now works(Daniel Horak)
4231 Add ARM32 support(Andrew McMurry)
4232 Better support for HP-UX 11 and UnixWare
4233 Improve file handling to be more uniform, prevent file descriptor leak(Tom)
4234 New install commands for plpgsql(Jan)
4241 <sect1 id="release-6-4-2">
4242 <title>Release 6.4.2</title>
4245 <title>Release date</title>
4246 <simpara>1998-12-20</simpara>
4250 The 6.4.1 release was improperly packaged. This also has one additional
4256 <title>Migration to version 6.4.2</title>
4259 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
4264 <title>Changes</title>
4268 Fix for datetime constant problem on some platforms(Thomas)
4276 <sect1 id="release-6-4-1">
4277 <title>Release 6.4.1</title>
4280 <title>Release date</title>
4281 <simpara>1998-12-18</simpara>
4285 This is basically a cleanup release for 6.4. We have fixed a variety of
4286 problems reported by 6.4 users.
4291 <title>Migration to version 6.4.1</title>
4294 A dump/restore is <emphasis>not</emphasis> required for those running
4299 <title>Changes</title>
4303 Add pg_dump -N flag to force double quotes around identifiers. This is
4305 Fix for NOT in where clause causing crash(Bruce)
4306 EXPLAIN VERBOSE coredump fix(Vadim)
4307 Fix shared-library problems on Linux
4308 Fix test for table existence to allow mixed-case and whitespace in
4309 the table name(Thomas)
4310 Fix a couple of pg_dump bugs
4311 Configure matches template/.similar entries better(Tom)
4312 Change builtin function names from SPI_* to spi_*
4313 OR WHERE clause fix(Vadim)
4314 Fixes for mixed-case table names(Billy)
4315 contrib/linux/postgres.init.csh/sh fix(Thomas)
4316 libpq memory overrun fix
4318 Change exp() behavior to generate error on underflow(Thomas)
4319 pg_dump fixes for memory leak, inheritance constraints, layout change
4320 update pgaccess to 0.93
4321 Fix prototype for 64-bit platforms
4322 Multibyte fixes(Tatsuo)
4324 Fix memory overruns(Tatsuo)
4325 Fix for lo_import() crash(Bruce)
4326 Better search for install program(Tom)
4329 Use implicit type coercion for matching DEFAULT values(Thomas)
4330 Add routines to help with single-byte (internal) character type(Thomas)
4331 Compilation of libpq for Win32 fixes(Magnus)
4332 Upgrade to PyGreSQL 2.2(D'Arcy)
4340 <sect1 id="release-6-4">
4341 <title>Release 6.4</title>
4344 <title>Release date</title>
4345 <simpara>1998-10-30</simpara>
4349 There are <emphasis>many</emphasis> new features and improvements in this release.
4350 Thanks to our developers and maintainers, nearly every aspect of the system
4351 has received some attention since the previous release.
4352 Here is a brief, incomplete summary:
4357 Views and rules are now functional thanks to extensive new code in the
4358 rewrite rules system from Jan Wieck. He also wrote a chapter on it
4359 for the <citetitle>Programmer's Guide</citetitle>.
4364 Jan also contributed a second procedural language, <application>PL/pgSQL</application>, to go with the
4365 original <application>PL/pgTCL</application> procedural language he contributed last release.
4371 We have optional multiple-byte character set support from Tatsuo Ishii
4372 to complement our existing locale support.
4378 Client/server communications has been cleaned up, with better support for
4379 asynchronous messages and interrupts thanks to Tom Lane.
4385 The parser will now perform automatic type coercion to match arguments
4386 to available operators and functions, and to match columns and expressions
4387 with target columns. This uses a generic mechanism which supports
4388 the type extensibility features of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
4389 There is a new chapter in the <citetitle>User's Guide</citetitle>
4390 which covers this topic.
4396 Three new data types have been added.
4397 Two types, <type>inet</type> and <type>cidr</type>, support various forms
4398 of IP network, subnet, and machine addressing. There is now an 8-byte integer
4399 type available on some platforms. See the chapter on data types
4400 in the <citetitle>User's Guide</citetitle> for details.
4401 A fourth type, <type>serial</type>, is now supported by the parser as an
4402 amalgam of the <type>int4</type> type, a sequence, and a unique index.
4408 Several more <acronym>SQL92</acronym>-compatible syntax features have been
4409 added, including <command>INSERT DEFAULT VALUES</command>
4415 The automatic configuration and installation system has received some
4416 attention, and should be more robust for more platforms than it has ever
4425 <title>Migration to version 6.4</title>
4428 A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application>
4429 or <application>pg_dumpall</application>
4430 is required for those wishing to migrate data from any
4431 previous release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
4436 <title>Changes</title>
4442 Fix for a tiny memory leak in PQsetdb/PQfinish(Bryan)
4443 Remove char2-16 data types, use char/varchar(Darren)
4444 Pqfn not handles a NOTICE message(Anders)
4445 Reduced busywaiting overhead for spinlocks with many backends (dg)
4446 Stuck spinlock detection (dg)
4447 Fix up "ISO-style" timespan decoding and encoding(Thomas)
4448 Fix problem with table drop after rollback of transaction(Vadim)
4449 Change error message and remove non-functional update message(Vadim)
4450 Fix for COPY array checking
4451 Fix for SELECT 1 UNION SELECT NULL
4452 Fix for buffer leaks in large object calls(Pascal)
4453 Change owner from oid to int4 type(Bruce)
4454 Fix a bug in the oracle compatibility functions btrim() ltrim() and rtrim()
4455 Fix for shared invalidation cache overflow(Massimo)
4456 Prevent file descriptor leaks in failed COPY's(Bruce)
4457 Fix memory leak in libpgtcl's pg_select(Constantin)
4458 Fix problems with username/passwords over 8 characters(Tom)
4459 Fix problems with handling of asynchronous NOTIFY in backend(Tom)
4460 Fix of many bad system table entries(Tom)
4464 Upgrade ecpg and ecpglib,see src/interfaces/ecpc/ChangeLog(Michael)
4465 Show the index used in an EXPLAIN(Zeugswetter)
4466 EXPLAIN invokes rule system and shows plan(s) for rewritten queries(Jan)
4467 Multibyte awareness of many data types and functions, via configure(Tatsuo)
4468 New configure --with-mb option(Tatsuo)
4469 New initdb --pgencoding option(Tatsuo)
4470 New createdb -E multibyte option(Tatsuo)
4471 Select version(); now returns PostgreSQL version(Jeroen)
4472 libpq now allows asynchronous clients(Tom)
4473 Allow cancel from client of backend query(Tom)
4474 psql now cancels query with Control-C(Tom)
4475 libpq users need not issue dummy queries to get NOTIFY messages(Tom)
4476 NOTIFY now sends sender's PID, so you can tell whether it was your own(Tom)
4477 PGresult struct now includes associated error message, if any(Tom)
4478 Define "tz_hour" and "tz_minute" arguments to date_part()(Thomas)
4479 Add routines to convert between varchar and bpchar(Thomas)
4480 Add routines to allow sizing of varchar and bpchar into target columns(Thomas)
4481 Add bit flags to support timezonehour and minute in data retrieval(Thomas)
4482 Allow more variations on valid floating point numbers (e.g. ".1", "1e6")(Thomas)
4483 Fixes for unary minus parsing with leading spaces(Thomas)
4484 Implement TIMEZONE_HOUR, TIMEZONE_MINUTE per SQL92 specs(Thomas)
4485 Check for and properly ignore FOREIGN KEY column constraints(Thomas)
4486 Define USER as synonym for CURRENT_USER per SQL92 specs(Thomas)
4487 Enable HAVING clause but no fixes elsewhere yet.
4488 Make "char" type a synonym for "char(1)" (actually implemented as bpchar)(Thomas)
4489 Save string type if specified for DEFAULT clause handling(Thomas)
4490 Coerce operations involving different data types(Thomas)
4491 Allow some index use for columns of different types(Thomas)
4492 Add capabilities for automatic type conversion(Thomas)
4493 Cleanups for large objects, so file is truncated on open(Peter)
4494 Readline cleanups(Tom)
4495 Allow psql \f \ to make spaces as delimiter(Bruce)
4496 Pass pg_attribute.atttypmod to the frontend for column field lengths(Tom,Bruce)
4497 Msql compatibility library in /contrib(Aldrin)
4498 Remove the requirement that ORDER/GROUP BY clause identifiers be
4499 included in the target list(David)
4500 Convert columns to match columns in UNION clauses(Thomas)
4501 Remove fork()/exec() and only do fork()(Bruce)
4502 Jdbc cleanups(Peter)
4503 Show backend status on ps command line(only works on some platforms)(Bruce)
4504 Pg_hba.conf now has a sameuser option in the database field
4505 Make lo_unlink take oid param, not int4
4506 New DISABLE_COMPLEX_MACRO for compilers that can't handle our macros(Bruce)
4507 Libpgtcl now handles NOTIFY as a Tcl event, need not send dummy queries(Tom)
4508 libpgtcl cleanups(Tom)
4509 Add -error option to libpgtcl's pg_result command(Tom)
4510 New locale patch, see docs/README/locale(Oleg)
4511 Fix for pg_dump so CONSTRAINT and CHECK syntax is correct(ccb)
4512 New contrib/lo code for large object orphan removal(Peter)
4513 New psql command "SET CLIENT_ENCODING TO 'encoding'" for multibytes
4514 feature, see /doc/README.mb(Tatsuo)
4515 /contrib/noupdate code to revoke update permission on a column
4516 libpq can now be compiled on win32(Magnus)
4517 Add PQsetdbLogin() in libpq
4518 New 8-byte integer type, checked by configure for OS support(Thomas)
4519 Better support for quoted table/column names(Thomas)
4520 Surround table and column names with double-quotes in pg_dump(Thomas)
4521 PQreset() now works with passwords(Tom)
4522 Handle case of GROUP BY target list column number out of range(David)
4523 Allow UNION in subselects
4524 Add auto-size to screen to \d? commands(Bruce)
4525 Use UNION to show all \d? results in one query(Bruce)
4526 Add \d? field search feature(Bruce)
4527 Pg_dump issues fewer \connect requests(Tom)
4528 Make pg_dump -z flag work better, document it in manual page(Tom)
4529 Add HAVING clause with full support for subselects and unions(Stephan)
4530 Full text indexing routines in contrib/fulltextindex(Maarten)
4531 Transaction ids now stored in shared memory(Vadim)
4532 New PGCLIENTENCODING when issuing COPY command(Tatsuo)
4533 Support for SQL92 syntax "SET NAMES"(Tatsuo)
4534 Support for LATIN2-5(Tatsuo)
4535 Add UNICODE regression test case(Tatsuo)
4536 Lock manager cleanup, new locking modes for LLL(Vadim)
4537 Allow index use with OR clauses(Bruce)
4538 Allows "SELECT NULL ORDER BY 1;"
4539 Explain VERBOSE prints the plan, and now pretty-prints the plan to
4540 the postmaster log file(Bruce)
4541 Add indexes display to \d command(Bruce)
4542 Allow GROUP BY on functions(David)
4543 New pg_class.relkind for large objects(Bruce)
4544 New way to send libpq NOTICE messages to a different location(Tom)
4545 New \w write command to psql(Bruce)
4546 New /contrib/findoidjoins scans oid columns to find join relationships(Bruce)
4547 Allow binary-compatible indexes to be considered when checking for valid
4548 Indexes for restriction clauses containing a constant(Thomas)
4549 New ISBN/ISSN code in /contrib/isbn_issn
4550 Allow NOT LIKE, IN, NOT IN, BETWEEN, and NOT BETWEEN constraint(Thomas)
4551 New rewrite system fixes many problems with rules and views(Jan)
4552 * Rules on relations work
4553 * Event qualifications on insert/update/delete work
4554 * New OLD variable to reference CURRENT, CURRENT will be remove in future
4555 * Update rules can reference NEW and OLD in rule qualifications/actions
4556 * Insert/update/delete rules on views work
4557 * Multiple rule actions are now supported, surrounded by parentheses
4558 * Regular users can create views/rules on tables they have RULE permits
4559 * Rules and views inherit the permissions on the creator
4560 * No rules at the column level
4561 * No UPDATE NEW/OLD rules
4562 * New pg_tables, pg_indexes, pg_rules and pg_views system views
4563 * Only a single action on SELECT rules
4564 * Total rewrite overhaul, perhaps for 6.5
4566 * handle aggregates on views
4567 * handle insert into select from view works
4568 System indexes are now multikey(Bruce)
4569 Oidint2, oidint4, and oidname types are removed(Bruce)
4570 Use system cache for more system table lookups(Bruce)
4571 New backend programming language PL/pgSQL in backend/pl(Jan)
4572 New SERIAL data type, auto-creates sequence/index(Thomas)
4573 Enable assert checking without a recompile(Massimo)
4574 User lock enhancements(Massimo)
4575 New setval() command to set sequence value(Massimo)
4576 Auto-remove unix socket file on start-up if no postmaster running(Massimo)
4577 Conditional trace package(Massimo)
4578 New UNLISTEN command(Massimo)
4579 psql and libpq now compile under win32 using win32.mak(Magnus)
4580 Lo_read no longer stores trailing NULL(Bruce)
4581 Identifiers are now truncated to 31 characters internally(Bruce)
4582 Createuser options now availble on the command line
4583 Code for 64-bit integer supported added, configure tested, int8 type(Thomas)
4584 Prevent file descriptor leaf from failed COPY(Bruce)
4585 New pg_upgrade command(Bruce)
4586 Updated /contrib directories(Massimo)
4587 New CREATE TABLE DEFAULT VALUES statement available(Thomas)
4588 New INSERT INTO TABLE DEFAULT VALUES statement available(Thomas)
4589 New DECLARE and FETCH feature(Thomas)
4590 libpq's internal structures now not exported(Tom)
4591 Allow up to 8 key indexes(Bruce)
4592 Remove ARCHIVE keyword, that is no longer used(Thomas)
4593 pg_dump -n flag to supress quotes around indentifiers
4594 disable system columns for views(Jan)
4595 new INET and CIDR types for network addresses(TomH, Paul)
4596 no more double quotes in psql output
4597 pg_dump now dumps views(Terry)
4598 new SET QUERY_LIMIT(Tatsuo,Jan)
4602 /contrib cleanup(Jun)
4603 Inline some small functions called for every row(Bruce)
4606 Multibyte regression tests(Soonmyung.)
4607 Remove --disabled options from configure
4608 Define PGDOC to use POSTGRESDIR by default
4609 Make regression optional
4610 Remove extra braces code to pgindent(Bruce)
4611 Add bsdi shared library support(Bruce)
4612 New --without-CXX support configure option(Brook)
4614 Update backend flowchart in tools/backend(Bruce)
4615 Change atttypmod from int16 to int32(Bruce, Tom)
4616 Getrusage() fix for platforms that do not have it(Tom)
4617 Add PQconnectdb, PGUSER, PGPASSWORD to libpq man page
4618 NS32K platform fixes(Phil Nelson, John Buller)
4619 SCO 7/UnixWare 2.x fixes(Billy,others)
4620 Sparc/Solaris 2.5 fixes(Ryan)
4621 Pgbuiltin.3 is obsolete, move to doc files(Thomas)
4622 Even more documention(Thomas)
4623 Nextstep support(Jacek)
4625 pginterface manual page(Bruce)
4626 shared libraries all have version numbers
4627 merged all OS-specific shared library defines into one file
4628 smarter TCL/TK configuration checking(Billy)
4629 smarter perl configuration(Brook)
4630 configure uses supplied install-sh if no install script found(Tom)
4631 new Makefile.shlib for shared library configuration(Tom)
4637 <sect1 id="release-6-3-2">
4638 <title>Release 6.3.2</title>
4641 <title>Release date</title>
4642 <simpara>1998-04-07</simpara>
4646 This is a bug-fix release for 6.3.x.
4647 Refer to the release notes for version 6.3 for a more complete summary of new features.
4655 Repairs automatic configuration support for some platforms, including Linux,
4656 from breakage inadvertently introduced in version 6.3.1.
4662 Correctly handles function calls on the left side of BETWEEN and LIKE clauses.
4669 A dump/restore is NOT required for those running 6.3 or 6.3.1. A
4670 <literal>make distclean</>, <literal>make</>, and <literal>make install</> is all that is required.
4671 This last step should be performed while the postmaster is not running.
4672 You should re-link any custom applications that use <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> libraries.
4675 For upgrades from pre-6.3 installations,
4676 refer to the installation and migration instructions for version 6.3.
4680 <title>Changes</title>
4684 Configure detection improvements for tcl/tk(Brook Milligan, Alvin)
4685 Manual page improvements(Bruce)
4686 BETWEEN and LIKE fix(Thomas)
4687 fix for psql \connect used by pg_dump(Oliver Elphick)
4689 pgaccess, version 0.86
4690 qsort removed, now uses libc version, cleanups(Jeroen)
4691 fix for buffer over-runs detected(Maurice Gittens)
4692 fix for buffer overrun in libpgtcl(Randy Kunkee)
4693 fix for UNION with DISTINCT or ORDER BY(Bruce)
4694 gettimeofday configure check(Doug Winterburn)
4695 Fix "indexes not used" bug(Vadim)
4696 docs additions(Thomas)
4697 Fix for backend memory leak(Bruce)
4698 libreadline cleanup(Erwan MAS)
4699 Remove DISTDIR(Bruce)
4700 Makefile dependency cleanup(Jeroen van Vianen)
4707 <sect1 id="release-6-3-1">
4708 <title>Release 6.3.1</title>
4711 <title>Release date</title>
4712 <simpara>1998-03-23</simpara>
4721 Additional support for multibyte character sets.
4727 Repair byte ordering for mixed-endian clients and servers.
4733 Minor updates to allowed SQL syntax.
4739 Improvements to the configuration autodetection for installation.
4746 A dump/restore is NOT required for those running 6.3. A
4747 <literal>make distclean</>, <literal>make</>, and <literal>make install</> is all that is required.
4748 This last step should be performed while the postmaster is not running.
4749 You should re-link any custom applications that use <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> libraries.
4752 For upgrades from pre-6.3 installations,
4753 refer to the installation and migration instructions for version 6.3.
4757 <title>Changes</title>
4761 ecpg cleanup/fixes, now version 1.1(Michael Meskes)
4762 pg_user cleanup(Bruce)
4763 large object fix for pg_dump and tclsh (alvin)
4764 LIKE fix for multiple adjacent underscores
4765 fix for redefining builtin functions(Thomas)
4767 upgrade to pg_access 0.83
4768 updated CLUSTER manual page
4769 multibyte character set support, see doc/README.mb(Tatsuo)
4770 configure --with-pgport fix
4772 big-endian fix for backend communications(Kataoka)
4773 SUBSTR() and substring() fix(Jan)
4774 several jdbc fixes(Peter)
4775 libpgtcl improvements, see libptcl/README(Randy Kunkee)
4776 Fix for "Datasize = 0" error(Vadim)
4777 Prevent \do from wrapping(Bruce)
4778 Remove duplicate Russian character set entries
4780 Allow optional TABLE keyword in LOCK and SELECT INTO(Thomas)
4781 CREATE SEQUENCE options to allow a negative integer(Thomas)
4782 Add "PASSWORD" as an allowed column identifier(Thomas)
4783 Add checks for UNION target fields(Bruce)
4784 Fix Alpha port(Dwayne Bailey)
4785 Fix for text arrays containing quotes(Doug Gibson)
4786 Solaris compile fix(Albert Chin-A-Young)
4787 Better identify tcl and tk libs and includes(Bruce)
4793 <sect1 id="release-6-3">
4794 <title>Release 6.3</title>
4797 <title>Release date</title>
4798 <simpara>1998-03-01</simpara>
4802 There are <emphasis>many</emphasis> new features and improvements in this release.
4803 Here is a brief, incomplete summary:
4808 Many new SQL features, including
4809 full <acronym>SQL92</acronym> subselect capability
4810 (everything is here but target-list subselects).
4816 Support for client-side environment variables to specify time zone and date style.
4822 Socket interface for client/server connection. This is the default now
4823 so you may need to start <application>postmaster</application> with the
4824 <option>-i</option> flag.
4830 Better password authorization mechanisms. Default table permissions have changed.
4836 Old-style <firstterm>time travel</firstterm>
4837 has been removed. Performance has been improved.
4845 Bruce Momjian wrote the following notes to introduce the new release.
4850 There are some general 6.3 issues that I want to mention. These are
4851 only the big items that can not be described in one sentence. A review
4852 of the detailed changes list is still needed.
4855 First, we now have subselects. Now that we have them, I would like to
4856 mention that without subselects, SQL is a very limited language.
4857 Subselects are a major feature, and you should review your code for
4858 places where subselects provide a better solution for your queries. I
4859 think you will find that there are more uses for subselects than you may
4860 think. Vadim has put us on the big SQL map with subselects, and fully
4861 functional ones too. The only thing you can't do with subselects is to
4862 use them in the target list.
4865 Second, 6.3 uses Unix domain sockets rather than TCP/IP by default. To
4866 enable connections from other machines, you have to use the new
4867 postmaster -i option, and of course edit <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename>. Also, for this
4868 reason, the format of <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename> has changed.
4871 Third, <type>char()</type> fields will now allow faster access than <type>varchar()</type> or
4872 <type>text</type>. Specifically, the <type>text</> and <type>varchar()</type> have a penalty for access to
4873 any columns after the first column of this type. <type>char()</type> used to also
4874 have this access penalty, but it no longer does. This may suggest that
4875 you redesign some of your tables, especially if you have short character
4876 columns that you have defined as <type>varchar()</type> or <type>text</type>. This and other
4877 changes make 6.3 even faster than earlier releases.
4880 We now have passwords definable independent of any Unix file. There are
4881 new SQL USER commands.
4882 See the <citetitle>Administrator's Guide</citetitle> for more
4883 information. There is a new table, pg_shadow, which is used to store
4884 user information and user passwords, and it by default only SELECT-able
4885 by the <systemitem>postgres</systemitem> super-user. pg_user is now a view of pg_shadow, and is
4886 SELECT-able by PUBLIC. You should keep using pg_user in your
4887 application without changes.
4890 User-created tables now no longer have SELECT permission to PUBLIC by
4891 default. This was done because the ANSI standard requires it. You can
4892 of course GRANT any permissions you want after the table is created.
4893 System tables continue to be SELECT-able by PUBLIC.
4896 We also have real deadlock detection code. No more sixty-second
4897 timeouts. And the new locking code implements a <acronym>FIFO</acronym> better, so there
4898 should be less resource starvation during heavy use.
4901 Many complaints have been made about inadequate documentation in previous
4902 releases. Thomas has put much effort into many new manuals for this
4903 release. Check out the doc/ directory.
4906 For performance reasons, time travel is gone, but can be implemented
4907 using triggers (see <filename>pgsql/contrib/spi/README</filename>). Please check out the new
4908 \d command for types, operators, etc. Also, views have their own
4909 permissions now, not based on the underlying tables, so permissions on
4910 them have to be set separately. Check <filename>/pgsql/interfaces</filename> for some new
4911 ways to talk to <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
4914 This is the first release that really required an explanation for
4915 existing users. In many ways, this was necessary because the new
4916 release removes many limitations, and the work-arounds people were using
4917 are no longer needed.
4921 <title>Migration to version 6.3</title>
4924 A dump/restore using <application>pg_dump</application>
4925 or <application>pg_dumpall</application>
4926 is required for those wishing to migrate data from any
4927 previous release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
4932 <title>Changes</title>
4938 Fix binary cursors broken by MOVE implementation(Vadim)
4939 Fix for tcl library crash(Jan)
4940 Fix for array handling, from Gerhard Hintermayer
4941 Fix acl error, and remove duplicate pqtrace(Bruce)
4942 Fix psql \e for empty file(Bruce)
4943 Fix for textcat on varchar() fields(Bruce)
4944 Fix for DBT Sendproc (Zeugswetter Andres)
4945 Fix vacuum analyze syntax problem(Bruce)
4946 Fix for international identifiers(Tatsuo)
4947 Fix aggregates on inherited tables(Bruce)
4948 Fix substr() for out-of-bounds data
4949 Fix for select 1=1 or 2=2, select 1=1 and 2=2, and select sum(2+2)(Bruce)
4950 Fix notty output to show status result. -q option still turns it off(Bruce)
4951 Fix for count(*), aggs with views and multiple tables and sum(3)(Bruce)
4953 Fix for PQtrace start/stop several times(Bruce)
4954 Fix a variety of locking problems like newer lock waiters getting
4955 lock before older waiters, and having readlock people not share
4956 locks if a writer is waiting for a lock, and waiting writers not
4957 getting priority over waiting readers(Bruce)
4958 Fix crashes in psql when executing queries from external files(James)
4959 Fix problem with multiple order by columns, with the first one having
4961 Use correct hash table support functions for float8 and int4(Thomas)
4962 Re-enable JOIN= option in CREATE OPERATOR statement (Thomas)
4963 Change precedence for boolean operators to match expected behavior(Thomas)
4964 Generate elog(ERROR) on over-large integer(Bruce)
4965 Allow multiple-argument functions in constraint clauses(Thomas)
4966 Check boolean input literals for 'true','false','yes','no','1','0'
4967 and throw elog(ERROR) if unrecognized(Thomas)
4968 Major large objects fix
4969 Fix for GROUP BY showing duplicates(Vadim)
4970 Fix for index scans in MergeJion(Vadim)
4974 Subselects with EXISTS, IN, ALL, ANY keywords (Vadim, Bruce, Thomas)
4975 New User Manual(Thomas, others)
4976 Speedup by inlining some frequently-called functions
4977 Real deadlock detection, no more timeouts(Bruce)
4978 Add SQL92 "constants" CURRENT_DATE, CURRENT_TIME, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
4979 CURRENT_USER(Thomas)
4980 Modify constraint syntax to be SQL92-compliant(Thomas)
4981 Implement SQL92 PRIMARY KEY and UNIQUE clauses using indexes(Thomas)
4982 Recognize SQL92 syntax for FOREIGN KEY. Throw elog notice(Thomas)
4983 Allow NOT NULL UNIQUE constraint clause (each allowed separately before)(Thomas)
4984 Allow PostgreSQL-style casting ("::") of non-constants(Thomas)
4985 Add support for SQL3 TRUE and FALSE boolean constants(Thomas)
4986 Support SQL92 syntax for IS TRUE/IS FALSE/IS NOT TRUE/IS NOT FALSE(Thomas)
4987 Allow shorter strings for boolean literals (e.g. "t", "tr", "tru")(Thomas)
4988 Allow SQL92 delimited identifiers(Thomas)
4989 Implement SQL92 binary and hexadecimal string decoding (b'10' and x'1F')(Thomas)
4990 Support SQL92 syntax for type coercion of literal strings
4991 (e.g. "DATETIME 'now'")(Thomas)
4992 Add conversions for int2, int4, and OID types to and from text(Thomas)
4993 Use shared lock when building indexes(Vadim)
4994 Free memory allocated for an user query inside transaction block after
4995 this query is done, was turned off in <= 6.2.1(Vadim)
4996 New SQL statement CREATE PROCEDURAL LANGUAGE(Jan)
4997 New <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> Procedural Language (PL) backend interface(Jan)
4998 Rename pg_dump -H option to -h(Bruce)
4999 Add Java support for passwords, European dates(Peter)
5000 Use indexes for LIKE and ~, !~ operations(Bruce)
5001 Add hash functions for datetime and timespan(Thomas)
5002 Time Travel removed(Vadim, Bruce)
5003 Add paging for \d and \z, and fix \i(Bruce)
5004 Add Unix domain socket support to backend and to frontend library(Goran)
5005 Implement CREATE DATABASE/WITH LOCATION and initlocation utility(Thomas)
5006 Allow more SQL92 and/or <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> reserved words as column identifiers(Thomas)
5007 Augment support for SQL92 SET TIME ZONE...(Thomas)
5008 SET/SHOW/RESET TIME ZONE uses TZ backend environment variable(Thomas)
5009 Implement SET keyword = DEFAULT and SET TIME ZONE DEFAULT(Thomas)
5010 Enable SET TIME ZONE using TZ environment variable(Thomas)
5011 Add PGDATESTYLE environment variable to frontend and backend initialization(Thomas)
5012 Add PGTZ, PGCOSTHEAP, PGCOSTINDEX, PGRPLANS, PGGEQO
5013 frontend library initialization environment variables(Thomas)
5014 Regression tests time zone automatically set with "setenv PGTZ PST8PDT"(Thomas)
5015 Add pg_description table for info on tables, columns, operators, types, and
5017 Increase 16 char limit on system table/index names to 32 characters(Bruce)
5018 Rename system indexes(Bruce)
5019 Add 'GERMAN' option to SET DATESTYLE(Thomas)
5020 Define an "ISO-style" timespan output format with "hh:mm:ss" fields(Thomas)
5021 Allow fractional values for delta times (e.g. '2.5 days')(Thomas)
5022 Validate numeric input more carefully for delta times(Thomas)
5023 Implement day of year as possible input to date_part()(Thomas)
5024 Define timespan_finite() and text_timespan() functions(Thomas)
5025 Remove archive stuff(Bruce)
5026 Allow for a pg_password authentication database that is separate from
5027 the system password file(Todd)
5028 Dump ACLs, GRANT, REVOKE permissions(Matt)
5029 Define text, varchar, and bpchar string length functions(Thomas)
5030 Fix Query handling for inheritance, and cost computations(Bruce)
5031 Implement CREATE TABLE/AS SELECT (alternative to SELECT/INTO)(Thomas)
5032 Allow NOT, IS NULL, IS NOT NULL in constraints(Thomas)
5033 Implement UNIONs for SELECT(Bruce)
5034 Add UNION, GROUP, DISTINCT to INSERT(Bruce)
5035 varchar() stores only necessary bytes on disk(Bruce)
5036 Fix for BLOBs(Peter)
5037 Mega-Patch for JDBC...see README_6.3 for list of changes(Peter)
5038 Remove unused "option" from PQconnectdb()
5039 New LOCK command and lock manual page describing deadlocks(Bruce)
5040 Add new psql \da, \dd, \df, \do, \dS, and \dT commands(Bruce)
5041 Enhance psql \z to show sequences(Bruce)
5042 Show NOT NULL and DEFAULT in psql \d table(Bruce)
5043 New psql .psqlrc file start-up(Andrew)
5044 Modify sample start-up script in contrib/linux to show syslog(Thomas)
5045 New types for IP and MAC addresses in contrib/ip_and_mac(TomH)
5046 Unix system time conversions with date/time types in contrib/unixdate(Thomas)
5047 Update of contrib stuff(Massimo)
5048 Add Unix socket support to DBD::Pg(Goran)
5049 New python interface (PyGreSQL 2.0)(D'Arcy)
5050 New frontend/backend protocol has a version number, network byte order(Phil)
5051 Security features in pg_hba.conf enhanced and documented, many cleanups(Phil)
5052 CHAR() now faster access than VARCHAR() or TEXT
5053 ecpg embedded SQL preprocessor
5054 Reduce system column overhead(Vadmin)
5055 Remove pg_time table(Vadim)
5056 Add pg_type attribute to identify types that need length (bpchar, varchar)
5057 Add report of offending line when COPY command fails
5058 Allow VIEW permissions to be set separately from the underlying tables.
5059 For security, use GRANT/REVOKE on views as appropriate(Jan)
5060 Tables now have no default GRANT SELECT TO PUBLIC. You must
5061 explicitly grant such permissions.
5062 Clean up tutorial examples(Darren)
5066 Add new html development tools, and flow chart in /tools/backend
5067 Fix for SCO compiles
5068 Stratus computer port Robert Gillies
5069 Added support for shlib for BSD44_derived & i386_solaris
5070 Make configure more automated(Brook)
5071 Add script to check regression test results
5072 Break parser functions into smaller files, group together(Bruce)
5073 Rename heap_create to heap_create_and_catalog, rename heap_creatr
5074 to heap_create()(Bruce)
5075 Sparc/Linux patch for locking(TomS)
5076 Remove PORTNAME and reorganize port-specific stuff(Marc)
5077 Add optimizer README file(Bruce)
5078 Remove some recursion in optimizer and clean up some code there(Bruce)
5079 Fix for NetBSD locking(Henry)
5080 Fix for libptcl make(Tatsuo)
5082 Change IS TRUE, IS FALSE, ... to expressions using "=" rather than
5083 function calls to istrue() or isfalse() to allow optimization(Thomas)
5084 Various fixes NetBSD/Sparc related(TomH)
5085 Alpha linux locking(Travis,Ryan)
5086 Change elog(WARN) to elog(ERROR)(Bruce)
5087 FAQ for FreeBSD(Marc)
5088 Bring in the PostODBC source tree as part of our standard distribution(Marc)
5089 A minor patch for HP/UX 10 vs 9(Stan)
5090 New pg_attribute.atttypmod for type-specific info like varchar length(Bruce)
5091 UnixWare patches(Billy)
5092 New i386 'lock' for spin lock asm(Billy)
5093 Support for multiplexed backends is removed
5094 Start an OpenBSD port
5097 Add string functions to regression suite(Thomas)
5098 Expand a few function names formerly truncated to 16 characters(Thomas)
5099 Remove un-needed malloc() calls and replace with palloc()(Bruce)
5105 <sect1 id="release-6-2-1">
5106 <title>Release 6.2.1</title>
5109 <title>Release date</title>
5110 <simpara>1997-10-17</simpara>
5114 6.2.1 is a bug-fix and usability release on 6.2.
5122 Allow strings to span lines, per <acronym>SQL92</acronym>.
5128 Include example trigger function for inserting user names on table updates.
5135 This is a minor bug-fix release on 6.2.
5136 For upgrades from pre-6.2 systems, a full dump/reload is required.
5137 Refer to the 6.2 release notes for instructions.
5141 <title>Migration from version 6.2 to version 6.2.1</title>
5144 This is a minor bug-fix release. A dump/reload is not required from version 6.2,
5145 but is required from any release prior to 6.2.
5148 In upgrading from version 6.2, if you choose to dump/reload you will find that
5149 avg(money) is now calculated correctly. All other bug fixes take effect
5150 upon updating the executables.
5153 Another way to avoid dump/reload is to use the following SQL command
5154 from <command>psql</command> to update the existing system table:
5157 update pg_aggregate set aggfinalfn = 'cash_div_flt8'
5158 where aggname = 'avg' and aggbasetype = 790;
5162 This will need to be done to every existing database, including template1.
5167 <title>Changes</title>
5171 Allow TIME and TYPE column names(Thomas)
5172 Allow larger range of true/false as boolean values(Thomas)
5173 Support output of "now" and "current"(Thomas)
5174 Handle DEFAULT with INSERT of NULL properly(Vadim)
5175 Fix for relation reference counts problem in buffer manager(Vadim)
5176 Allow strings to span lines, like ANSI(Thomas)
5177 Fix for backward cursor with ORDER BY(Vadim)
5178 Fix avg(cash) computation(Thomas)
5179 Fix for specifying a column twice in ORDER/GROUP BY(Vadim)
5180 Documented new libpq function to return affected rows, PQcmdTuples(Bruce)
5181 Trigger function for inserting user names for INSERT/UPDATE(Brook Milligan)
5187 <sect1 id="release-6-2">
5188 <title>Release 6.2</title>
5191 <title>Release date</title>
5192 <simpara>1997-10-02</simpara>
5196 A dump/restore is required for those wishing to migrate data from
5197 previous releases of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
5201 <title>Migration from version 6.1 to version 6.2</title>
5204 This migration requires a complete dump of the 6.1 database and a
5205 restore of the database in 6.2.
5208 Note that the <command>pg_dump</command> and <command>pg_dumpall</command> utility from 6.2 should be used
5209 to dump the 6.1 database.
5214 <title>Migration from version 1.<replaceable>x</> to version 6.2</title>
5217 Those migrating from earlier 1.* releases should first upgrade to 1.09
5218 because the COPY output format was improved from the 1.02 release.
5223 <title>Changes</title>
5229 Fix problems with pg_dump for inheritance, sequences, archive tables(Bruce)
5230 Fix compile errors on overflow due to shifts, unsigned, and bad prototypes
5231 from Solaris(Diab Jerius)
5232 Fix bugs in geometric line arithmetic (bad intersection calculations)(Thomas)
5233 Check for geometric intersections at endpoints to avoid rounding ugliness(Thomas)
5234 Catch non-functional delete attempts(Vadim)
5235 Change time function names to be more consistent(Michael Reifenberg)
5236 Check for zero divides(Michael Reifenberg)
5237 Fix very old bug which made tuples changed/inserted by a commnd
5238 visible to the command itself (so we had multiple update of
5239 updated tuples, etc)(Vadim)
5240 Fix for SELECT null, 'fail' FROM pg_am (Patrick)
5241 SELECT NULL as EMPTY_FIELD now allowed(Patrick)
5242 Remove un-needed signal stuff from contrib/pginterface
5243 Fix OR (where x != 1 or x isnull didn't return tuples with x NULL) (Vadim)
5244 Fix time_cmp function (Vadim)
5245 Fix handling of functions with non-attribute first argument in
5246 WHERE clauses (Vadim)
5247 Fix GROUP BY when order of entries is different from order
5248 in target list (Vadim)
5249 Fix pg_dump for aggregates without sfunc1 (Vadim)
5253 Default genetic optimizer GEQO parameter is now 8(Bruce)
5254 Allow use parameters in target list having aggregates in functions(Vadim)
5255 Added JDBC driver as an interface(Adrian & Peter)
5257 Return number of tuples inserted/affected by INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE etc.(Vadim)
5258 Triggers implemented with CREATE TRIGGER (SQL3)(Vadim)
5259 SPI (Server Programming Interface) allows execution of queries inside
5261 NOT NULL implemented (SQL92)(Robson Paniago de Miranda)
5262 Include reserved words for string handling, outer joins, and unions(Thomas)
5263 Implement extended comments ("/* ... */") using exclusive states(Thomas)
5264 Add "//" single-line comments(Bruce)
5265 Remove some restrictions on characters in operator names(Thomas)
5266 DEFAULT and CONSTRAINT for tables implemented (SQL92)(Vadim & Thomas)
5267 Add text concatenation operator and function (SQL92)(Thomas)
5268 Support WITH TIME ZONE syntax (SQL92)(Thomas)
5269 Support INTERVAL unit TO unit syntax (SQL92)(Thomas)
5270 Define types DOUBLE PRECISION, INTERVAL, CHARACTER,
5271 and CHARACTER VARYING (SQL92)(Thomas)
5272 Define type FLOAT(p) and rudimentary DECIMAL(p,s), NUMERIC(p,s) (SQL92)(Thomas)
5273 Define EXTRACT(), POSITION(), SUBSTRING(), and TRIM() (SQL92)(Thomas)
5274 Define CURRENT_DATE, CURRENT_TIME, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP (SQL92)(Thomas)
5275 Add syntax and warnings for UNION, HAVING, INNER and OUTER JOIN (SQL92)(Thomas)
5276 Add more reserved words, mostly for SQL92 compliance(Thomas)
5277 Allow hh:mm:ss time entry for timespan/reltime types(Thomas)
5278 Add center() routines for lseg, path, polygon(Thomas)
5279 Add distance() routines for circle-polygon, polygon-polygon(Thomas)
5280 Check explicitly for points and polygons contained within polygons
5281 using an axis-crossing algorithm(Thomas)
5282 Add routine to convert circle-box(Thomas)
5283 Merge conflicting operators for different geometric data types(Thomas)
5284 Replace distance operator "<===>" with "<->"(Thomas)
5285 Replace "above" operator "!^" with ">^" and "below" operator "!|" with "<^"(Thomas)
5286 Add routines for text trimming on both ends, substring, and string position(Thomas)
5287 Added conversion routines circle(box) and poly(circle)(Thomas)
5288 Allow internal sorts to be stored in memory rather than in files(Bruce & Vadim)
5289 Allow functions and operators on internally-identical types to succeed(Bruce)
5290 Speed up backend start-up after profiling analysis(Bruce)
5291 Inline frequently called functions for performance(Bruce)
5292 Reduce open() calls(Bruce)
5293 psql: Add PAGER for \h and \?,\C fix
5294 Fix for psql pager when no tty(Bruce)
5295 New entab utility(Bruce)
5296 General trigger functions for referential integrity (Vadim)
5297 General trigger functions for time travel (Vadim)
5298 General trigger functions for AUTOINCREMENT/IDENTITY feature (Vadim)
5299 MOVE implementation (Vadim)
5303 HP-UX 10 patches (Vladimir Turin)
5304 Added SCO support, (Daniel Harris)
5305 MkLinux patches (Tatsuo Ishii)
5306 Change geometric box terminology from "length" to "width"(Thomas)
5307 Deprecate temporary unstored slope fields in geometric code(Thomas)
5308 Remove restart instructions from INSTALL(Bruce)
5309 Look in /usr/ucb first for install(Bruce)
5310 Fix c++ copy example code(Thomas)
5311 Add -o to psql manual page(Bruce)
5312 Prevent relname unallocated string length from being copied into database(Bruce)
5313 Cleanup for NAMEDATALEN use(Bruce)
5314 Fix pg_proc names over 15 chars in output(Bruce)
5315 Add strNcpy() function(Bruce)
5316 remove some (void) casts that are unnecessary(Bruce)
5317 new interfaces directory(Marc)
5318 Replace fopen() calls with calls to fd.c functions(Bruce)
5319 Make functions static where possible(Bruce)
5320 enclose unused functions in #ifdef NOT_USED(Bruce)
5321 Remove call to difftime() in timestamp support to fix SunOS(Bruce & Thomas)
5322 Changes for Digital Unix
5323 Portability fix for pg_dumpall(Bruce)
5324 Rename pg_attribute.attnvals to attdispersion(Bruce)
5325 "intro/unix" manual page now "pgintro"(Bruce)
5326 "built-in" manual page now "pgbuiltin"(Bruce)
5327 "drop" manual page now "drop_table"(Bruce)
5328 Add "create_trigger", "drop_trigger" manual pages(Thomas)
5329 Add constraints regression test(Vadim & Thomas)
5330 Add comments syntax regression test(Thomas)
5331 Add PGINDENT and support program(Bruce)
5332 Massive commit to run PGINDENT on all *.c and *.h files(Bruce)
5333 Files moved to /src/tools directory(Bruce)
5334 SPI and Trigger programming guides (Vadim & D'Arcy)
5340 <sect1 id="release-6-1-1">
5341 <title>Release 6.1.1</title>
5344 <title>Release date</title>
5345 <simpara>1997-07-22</simpara>
5349 <title>Migration from version 6.1 to version 6.1.1</title>
5352 This is a minor bug-fix release. A dump/reload is not required from version 6.1,
5353 but is required from any release prior to 6.1.
5354 Refer to the release notes for 6.1 for more details.
5359 <title>Changes</title>
5363 fix for SET with options (Thomas)
5364 allow pg_dump/pg_dumpall to preserve ownership of all tables/objects(Bruce)
5365 new psql \connect option allows changing usernames without changing databases
5366 fix for initdb --debug option(Yoshihiko Ichikawa))
5367 lextest cleanup(Bruce)
5369 fix date/time month boundary arithmetic(Thomas)
5370 fix timezone daylight handling for some ports(Thomas, Bruce, Tatsuo)
5371 timestamp overhauled to use standard functions(Thomas)
5372 other code cleanup in date/time routines(Thomas)
5373 psql's \d now case-insensitive(Bruce)
5374 psql's backslash commands can now have trailing semicolon(Bruce)
5375 fix memory leak in psql when using \g(Bruce)
5376 major fix for endian handling of communication to server(Thomas, Tatsuo)
5377 Fix for Solaris assembler and include files(Yoshihiko Ichikawa)
5378 allow underscores in usernames(Bruce)
5379 pg_dumpall now returns proper status, portability fix(Bruce)
5385 <sect1 id="release-6-1">
5386 <title>Release 6.1</title>
5389 <title>Release date</title>
5390 <simpara>1997-06-08</simpara>
5394 The regression tests have been adapted and extensively modified for the
5395 6.1 release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
5399 Three new data types (<type>datetime</type>, <type>timespan</type>, and <type>circle</type>) have been added to
5400 the native set of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> types. Points, boxes, paths, and polygons
5401 have had their output formats made consistent across the data types.
5402 The polygon output in misc.out has only been spot-checked for correctness
5403 relative to the original regression output.
5407 <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 6.1 introduces a new, alternate
5408 optimizer which uses <firstterm>genetic</firstterm>
5409 algorithms. These algorithms introduce a random behavior in the ordering
5410 of query results when the query contains multiple qualifiers or multiple
5411 tables (giving the optimizer a choice on order of evaluation). Several
5412 regression tests have been modified to explicitly order the results, and
5413 hence are insensitive to optimizer choices. A few regression tests are
5414 for data types which are inherently unordered (e.g. points and time
5415 intervals) and tests involving those types are explicitly bracketed with
5416 <command>set geqo to 'off'</command> and <command>reset geqo</command>.
5420 The interpretation of array specifiers (the curly braces around atomic
5421 values) appears to have changed sometime after the original regression
5422 tests were generated. The current <filename>./expected/*.out</filename> files reflect this
5423 new interpretation, which may not be correct!
5427 The float8 regression test fails on at least some platforms. This is due
5428 to differences in implementations of <function>pow()</function> and <function>exp()</function> and the signaling
5429 mechanisms used for overflow and underflow conditions.
5433 The <quote>random</> results in the random test should cause the
5434 <quote>random</quote> test to be <quote>failed</quote>, since the
5435 regression tests are evaluated using a simple diff. However,
5436 <quote>random</> does not seem to produce random results on my test
5437 machine (Linux/<application>gcc</>/i686).
5441 <title>Migration to version 6.1</title>
5444 This migration requires a complete dump of the 6.0 database and a
5445 restore of the database in 6.1.
5448 Those migrating from earlier 1.* releases should first upgrade to 1.09
5449 because the COPY output format was improved from the 1.02 release.
5454 <title>Changes</title>
5460 packet length checking in library routines
5461 lock manager priority patch
5462 check for under/over flow of float8(Bruce)
5463 multitable join fix(Vadim)
5464 SIGPIPE crash fix(Darren)
5465 large object fixes(Sven)
5466 allow btree indexes to handle NULLs(Vadim)
5467 timezone fixes(D'Arcy)
5468 select SUM(x) can return NULL on no rows(Thomas)
5469 internal optimizer, executor bug fixes(Vadim)
5470 fix problem where inner loop in < or <= has no rows(Vadim)
5471 prevent re-commuting join index clauses(Vadim)
5472 fix join clauses for multiple tables(Vadim)
5473 fix hash, hashjoin for arrays(Vadim)
5474 fix btree for abstime type(Vadim)
5475 large object fixes(Raymond)
5476 fix buffer leak in hash indexes (Vadim)
5477 fix rtree for use in inner scan (Vadim)
5478 fix gist for use in inner scan, cleanups (Vadim, Andrea)
5479 avoid unnecessary local buffers allocation (Vadim, Massimo)
5480 fix local buffers leak in transaction aborts (Vadim)
5481 fix file manager memmory leaks, cleanups (Vadim, Massimo)
5482 fix storage manager memmory leaks (Vadim)
5483 fix btree duplicates handling (Vadim)
5484 fix deleted tuples re-incarnation caused by vacuum (Vadim)
5485 fix SELECT varchar()/char() INTO TABLE made zero-length fields(Bruce)
5486 many psql, pg_dump, and libpq memory leaks fixed using Purify (Igor)
5490 attribute optimization statistics(Bruce)
5491 much faster new btree bulk load code(Paul)
5492 BTREE UNIQUE added to bulk load code(Vadim)
5493 new lock debug code(Massimo)
5494 massive changes to libpg++(Leo)
5495 new GEQO optimizer speeds table multitable optimization(Martin)
5496 new WARN message for non-unique insert into unique key(Marc)
5497 update x=-3, no spaces, now valid(Bruce)
5498 remove case-sensitive identifier handling(Bruce,Thomas,Dan)
5499 debug backend now pretty-prints tree(Darren)
5500 new Oracle character functions(Edmund)
5501 new plaintext password functions(Dan)
5502 no such class or insufficient privilege changed to distinct messages(Dan)
5503 new ANSI timestamp function(Dan)
5504 new ANSI Time and Date types (Thomas)
5505 move large chunks of data in backend(Martin)
5506 multicolumn btree indexes(Vadim)
5507 new SET var TO value command(Martin)
5508 update transaction status on reads(Dan)
5509 new locale settings for character types(Oleg)
5510 new SEQUENCE serial number generator(Vadim)
5511 GROUP BY function now possible(Vadim)
5512 re-organize regression test(Thomas,Marc)
5513 new optimizer operation weights(Vadim)
5514 new psql \z grant/permit option(Marc)
5515 new MONEY data type(D'Arcy,Thomas)
5516 tcp socket communication speed improved(Vadim)
5517 new VACUUM option for attribute statistics, and for certain columns (Vadim)
5518 many geometric type improvements(Thomas,Keith)
5519 additional regression tests(Thomas)
5520 new datestyle variable(Thomas,Vadim,Martin)
5521 more comparison operators for sorting types(Thomas)
5522 new conversion functions(Thomas)
5523 new more compact btree format(Vadim)
5524 allow pg_dumpall to preserve database ownership(Bruce)
5525 new SET GEQO=# and R_PLANS variable(Vadim)
5526 old (!GEQO) optimizer can use right-sided plans (Vadim)
5527 typechecking improvement in SQL parser(Bruce)
5528 new SET, SHOW, RESET commands(Thomas,Vadim)
5529 new \connect database USER option
5530 new destroydb -i option (Igor)
5531 new \dt and \di psql commands (Darren)
5532 SELECT "\n" now escapes newline (A. Duursma)
5533 new geometry conversion functions from old format (Thomas)
5537 new configuration script(Marc)
5538 readline configuration option added(Marc)
5539 OS-specific configuration options removed(Marc)
5540 new OS-specific template files(Marc)
5541 no more need to edit Makefile.global(Marc)
5542 re-arrange include files(Marc)
5543 nextstep patches (Gregor Hoffleit)
5544 removed WIN32-specific code(Bruce)
5545 removed postmaster -e option, now only postgres -e option (Bruce)
5546 merge duplicate library code in front/backends(Martin)
5547 now works with eBones, international Kerberos(Jun)
5548 more shared library support
5549 c++ include file cleanup(Bruce)
5550 warn about buggy flex(Bruce)
5551 DG/UX, Ultrix, IRIX, AIX portability fixes
5557 <sect1 id="release-6-0">
5558 <title>Release 6.0</title>
5561 <title>Release date</title>
5562 <simpara>1997-01-29</simpara>
5566 A dump/restore is required for those wishing to migrate data from
5567 previous releases of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
5571 <title>Migration from version 1.09 to version 6.0</title>
5574 This migration requires a complete dump of the 1.09 database and a
5575 restore of the database in 6.0.
5580 <title>Migration from pre-1.09 to version 6.0</title>
5583 Those migrating from earlier 1.* releases should first upgrade to 1.09
5584 because the COPY output format was improved from the 1.02 release.
5589 <title>Changes</title>
5595 ALTER TABLE bug - running postgress process needs to re-read table definition
5596 Allow vacuum to be run on one table or entire database(Bruce)
5598 Fix array over-runs of memory writes(Kurt)
5599 Fix elusive btree range/non-range bug(Dan)
5600 Fix for hash indexes on some types like time and date
5601 Fix for pg_log size explosion
5602 Fix permissions on lo_export()(Bruce)
5603 Fix unitialized reads of memory(Kurt)
5604 Fixed ALTER TABLE ... char(3) bug(Bruce)
5605 Fixed a few small memory leaks
5606 Fixed EXPLAIN handling of options and changed full_path option name
5607 Fixed output of group acl permissions
5608 Memory leaks (hunt and destroy with tools like Purify(Kurt)
5609 Minor improvements to rules system
5611 New asserts for run-checking
5612 Overhauled parser/analyze code to properly report errors and increase speed
5613 Pg_dump -d now handles NULL's properly(Bruce)
5614 Prevent SELECT NULL from crashing server (Bruce)
5615 Properly report errors when INSERT ... SELECT columns did not match
5616 Properly report errors when insert column names were not correct
5617 psql \g filename now works(Bruce)
5618 psql fixed problem with multiple statements on one line with multiple outputs
5619 Removed duplicate system OIDs
5620 SELECT * INTO TABLE . GROUP/ORDER BY gives unlink error if table exists(Bruce)
5621 Several fixes for queries that crashed the backend
5622 Starting quote in insert string errors(Bruce)
5623 Submitting an empty query now returns empty status, not just " " query(Bruce)
5627 Add EXPLAIN manual page(Bruce)
5628 Add UNIQUE index capability(Dan)
5629 Add hostname/user level access control rather than just hostname and user
5630 Add synonym of != for <>(Bruce)
5631 Allow "select oid,* from table"
5632 Allow BY,ORDER BY to specify columns by number, or by non-alias table.column(Bruce)
5633 Allow COPY from the frontend(Bryan)
5634 Allow GROUP BY to use alias column name(Bruce)
5635 Allow actual compression, not just reuse on the same page(Vadim)
5636 Allow installation-configuration option to auto-add all local users(Bryan)
5637 Allow libpq to distinguish between text value '' and null(Bruce)
5638 Allow non-postgres users with createdb privs to destroydb's
5639 Allow restriction on who can create C functions(Bryan)
5640 Allow restriction on who can do backend COPY(Bryan)
5641 Can shrink tables, pg_time and pg_log(Vadim & Erich)
5642 Change debug level 2 to print queries only, changed debug heading layout(Bruce)
5643 Change default decimal constant representation from float4 to float8(Bruce)
5644 European date format now set when postmaster is started
5645 Execute lowercase function names if not found with exact case
5646 Fixes for aggregate/GROUP processing, allow 'select sum(func(x),sum(x+y) from z'
5647 Gist now included in the distrubution(Marc)
5648 Idend authentication of local users(Bryan)
5649 Implement BETWEEN qualifier(Bruce)
5650 Implement IN qualifier(Bruce)
5651 libpq has PQgetisnull()(Bruce)
5652 libpq++ improvements
5653 New options to initdb(Bryan)
5654 Pg_dump allow dump of OIDs(Bruce)
5655 Pg_dump create indexes after tables are loaded for speed(Bruce)
5656 Pg_dumpall dumps all databases, and the user table
5657 Pginterface additions for NULL values(Bruce)
5658 Prevent postmaster from being run as root
5659 psql \h and \? is now readable(Bruce)
5660 psql allow backslashed, semicolons anywhere on the line(Bruce)
5661 psql changed command prompt for lines in query or in quotes(Bruce)
5662 psql char(3) now displays as (bp)char in \d output(Bruce)
5663 psql return code now more accurate(Bryan?)
5664 psql updated help syntax(Bruce)
5665 Re-visit and fix vacuum(Vadim)
5666 Reduce size of regression diffs, remove timezone name difference(Bruce)
5667 Remove compile-time parameters to enable binary distributions(Bryan)
5668 Reverse meaning of HBA masks(Bryan)
5669 Secure Authentication of local users(Bryan)
5670 Speed up vacuum(Vadim)
5671 Vacuum now had VERBOSE option(Bruce)
5675 All functions now have prototypes that are compared against the calls
5676 Allow asserts to be disabled easly from Makefile.global(Bruce)
5677 Change oid constants used in code to #define names
5678 Decoupled sparc and solaris defines(Kurt)
5679 Gcc -Wall compiles cleanly with warnings only from unfixable constructs
5680 Major include file reorganization/reduction(Marc)
5681 Make now stops on compile failure(Bryan)
5682 Makefile restructuring(Bryan, Marc)
5683 Merge bsdi_2_1 to bsdi(Bruce)
5684 Monitor program removed
5685 Name change from Postgres95 to PostgreSQL
5686 New config.h file(Marc, Bryan)
5687 PG_VERSION now set to 6.0 and used by postmaster
5688 Portability additions, including Ultrix, DG/UX, AIX, and Solaris
5689 Reduced the number of #define's, centeralized #define's
5690 Remove duplicate OIDS in system tables(Dan)
5691 Remove duplicate system catalog info or report mismatches(Dan)
5692 Removed many os-specific #define's
5693 Restructured object file generation/location(Bryan, Marc)
5694 Restructured port-specific file locations(Bryan, Marc)
5695 Unused/uninialized variables corrected
5701 <sect1 id="release-1-09">
5702 <title>Release 1.09</title>
5705 <title>Release date</title>
5706 <simpara>1996-11-04</simpara>
5710 Sorry, we didn't keep track of changes from 1.02 to 1.09. Some of
5711 the changes listed in 6.0 were actually included in the 1.02.1 to 1.09
5716 <sect1 id="release-1-02">
5717 <title>Release 1.02</title>
5720 <title>Release date</title>
5721 <simpara>1996-08-01</simpara>
5725 <title>Migration from version 1.02 to version 1.02.1</title>
5728 Here is a new migration file for 1.02.1. It includes the 'copy' change
5729 and a script to convert old <acronym>ASCII</acronym> files.
5733 The following notes are for the benefit of users who want to migrate
5734 databases from <productname>Postgres95</> 1.01 and 1.02 to <productname>Postgres95</> 1.02.1.
5737 If you are starting afresh with <productname>Postgres95</> 1.02.1 and do not need
5738 to migrate old databases, you do not need to read any further.
5743 In order to upgrade older <productname>Postgres95</> version 1.01 or 1.02 databases to
5744 version 1.02.1, the following steps are required:
5749 Start up a new 1.02.1 postmaster
5754 Add the new built-in functions and operators of 1.02.1 to 1.01 or 1.02
5755 databases. This is done by running the new 1.02.1 server against
5756 your own 1.01 or 1.02 database and applying the queries attached at
5757 the end of the file. This can be done easily through <command>psql</>. If your
5758 1.01 or 1.02 database is named <literal>testdb</literal> and you have cut the commands
5759 from the end of this file and saved them in <filename>addfunc.sql</filename>:
5761 % psql testdb -f addfunc.sql
5764 Those upgrading 1.02 databases will get a warning when executing the
5765 last two statements in the file because they are already present in 1.02. This is
5766 not a cause for concern.
5773 <title>Dump/Reload Procedure</title>
5776 If you are trying to reload a pg_dump or text-mode, <literal>copy tablename to
5777 stdout</literal> generated with a previous version, you will need to run the
5778 attached <command>sed</command> script on the ASCII file before loading it into the
5779 database. The old format used '.' as end-of-data, while '\.' is now the
5780 end-of-data marker. Also, empty strings are now loaded in as '' rather
5781 than NULL. See the copy manual page for full details.
5784 sed 's/^\.$/\\./g' <in_file >out_file
5788 If you are loading an older binary copy or non-<systemitem>stdout</> copy, there is no
5789 end-of-data character, and hence no conversion necessary.
5792 -- following lines added by agc to reflect the case-insensitive
5793 -- regexp searching for varchar (in 1.02), and bpchar (in 1.02.1)
5794 create operator ~* (leftarg = bpchar, rightarg = text, procedure = texticregexeq);
5795 create operator !~* (leftarg = bpchar, rightarg = text, procedure = texticregexne);
5796 create operator ~* (leftarg = varchar, rightarg = text, procedure = texticregexeq);
5797 create operator !~* (leftarg = varchar, rightarg = text, procedure = texticregexne);
5803 <title>Changes</title>
5807 Source code maintenance and development
5808 * worldwide team of volunteers
5809 * the source tree now in CVS at ftp.ki.net
5812 * psql (and underlying libpq library) now has many more options for
5813 formatting output, including HTML
5814 * pg_dump now output the schema and/or the data, with many fixes to
5815 enhance completeness.
5816 * psql used in place of monitor in administration shell scripts.
5817 monitor to be deprecated in next release.
5818 * date/time functions enhanced
5819 * NULL insert/update/comparison fixed/enhanced
5820 * TCL/TK lib and shell fixed to work with both tck7.4/tk4.0 and tcl7.5/tk4.1
5822 Bug Fixes (almost too numerous to mention)
5824 * storage management
5825 * check for NULL pointer before dereferencing
5829 * added SolarisX86 port
5830 * added BSD/OS 2.1 port
5835 Contributors (appologies to any missed)
5836 * Kurt J. Lidl <lidl@va.pubnix.com>
5837 (missed in first run, but no less important)
5838 * Erich Stamberger <eberger@gewi.kfunigraz.ac.at>
5839 * Jason Wright <jason@shiloh.vnet.net>
5840 * Cees de Groot <C.deGroot@inter.NL.net>
5841 * ernst.molitor@uni-bonn.de
5842 * michael.siebenborn@ae3.Hypo.DE (Michael Siebenborn (6929))
5843 * Brian E. Gallew <geek+@cmu.edu>
5844 * Vadim B. Mikheev <vadim@sable.krasnoyarsk.su>
5845 * Adam Sussman <myddryn@vidya.com>
5846 * Chris Dunlop <chris@onthe.net.au>
5847 * Marc G. Fournier <scrappy@ki.net>
5848 * Dan McGuirk <mcguirk@indirect.com>
5849 * Dr_George_D_Detlefsen <drgeorge@ilt.com>
5850 * Erich Stamberger <eberger@gewi.kfunigraz.ac.at>
5851 * Massimo Dal Zotto <dz@cs.unitn.it>
5852 * Randy Kunkee <kunkee@Starbase.NeoSoft.COM>
5853 * Rick Weldon <rick@wisetech.com>
5854 * Thomas van Reimersdahl <reimersd@dali.techinfo.rwth-aachen.de>
5855 * david bennett <dave@bensoft.com>
5856 * ernst.molitor@uni-bonn.de
5857 * Julian Assange <proff@suburbia.net>
5858 * Bruce Momjian <pgman@candle.pha.pa.us>
5859 * Paul "Shag" Walmsley <ccshag@cclabs.missouri.edu>
5860 * "Alistair G. Crooks" <azcb0@sde.uts.amdahl.com>
5865 <sect1 id="release-1-01">
5866 <title>Release 1.01</title>
5869 <title>Release date</title>
5870 <simpara>1996-02-23</simpara>
5875 <title>Migration from version 1.0 to version 1.01</title>
5878 The following notes are for the benefit of users who want to migrate
5879 databases from <productname>Postgres95</> 1.0 to <productname>Postgres95</> 1.01.
5882 If you are starting afresh with <productname>Postgres95</> 1.01 and do not need
5883 to migrate old databases, you do not need to read any further.
5886 In order to <productname>Postgres95</> version 1.01 with databases created with
5887 <productname>Postgres95</> version 1.0, the following steps are required:
5892 Set the definition of <symbol>NAMEDATALEN</symbol> in <filename>src/Makefile.global</filename> to 16
5893 and <symbol>OIDNAMELEN</symbol> to 20.
5898 Decide whether you want to use Host based authentication.
5903 If you do, you must create a file name <literal>pg_hba</literal> in your top-level data
5904 directory (typically the value of your <envar>$PGDATA</envar>). <filename>src/libpq/pg_hba</filename>
5905 shows an example syntax.
5910 If you do not want host-based authentication, you can comment out
5915 in <filename>src/Makefile.global</filename>
5918 Note that host-based authentication is turned on by default, and if
5919 you do not take steps A or B above, the out-of-the-box 1.01 will
5920 not allow you to connect to 1.0 databases.
5928 Compile and install 1.01, but DO NOT do the <command>initdb</command> step.
5933 Before doing anything else, terminate your 1.0 postmaster, and
5934 backup your existing <envar>$PGDATA</envar> directory.
5939 Set your <envar>PGDATA</envar> environment variable to your 1.0 databases, but set up
5940 path up so that 1.01 binaries are being used.
5945 Modify the file <filename><envar>$PGDATA</envar>/PG_VERSION</filename> from 5.0 to 5.1
5950 Start up a new 1.01 postmaster
5955 Add the new built-in functions and operators of 1.01 to 1.0
5956 databases. This is done by running the new 1.01 server against
5957 your own 1.0 database and applying the queries attached and saving
5958 in the file 1.0_to_1.01.sql. This can be done easily through <command>psql</command>.
5959 If your 1.0 database is name <literal>testdb</literal>:
5962 % psql testdb -f 1.0_to_1.01.sql
5965 and then execute the following commands (cut and paste from here):
5968 -- add builtin functions that are new to 1.01
5970 create function int4eqoid (int4, oid) returns bool as 'foo'
5971 language 'internal';
5972 create function oideqint4 (oid, int4) returns bool as 'foo'
5973 language 'internal';
5974 create function char2icregexeq (char2, text) returns bool as 'foo'
5975 language 'internal';
5976 create function char2icregexne (char2, text) returns bool as 'foo'
5977 language 'internal';
5978 create function char4icregexeq (char4, text) returns bool as 'foo'
5979 language 'internal';
5980 create function char4icregexne (char4, text) returns bool as 'foo'
5981 language 'internal';
5982 create function char8icregexeq (char8, text) returns bool as 'foo'
5983 language 'internal';
5984 create function char8icregexne (char8, text) returns bool as 'foo'
5985 language 'internal';
5986 create function char16icregexeq (char16, text) returns bool as 'foo'
5987 language 'internal';
5988 create function char16icregexne (char16, text) returns bool as 'foo'
5989 language 'internal';
5990 create function texticregexeq (text, text) returns bool as 'foo'
5991 language 'internal';
5992 create function texticregexne (text, text) returns bool as 'foo'
5993 language 'internal';
5995 -- add builtin functions that are new to 1.01
5997 create operator = (leftarg = int4, rightarg = oid, procedure = int4eqoid);
5998 create operator = (leftarg = oid, rightarg = int4, procedure = oideqint4);
5999 create operator ~* (leftarg = char2, rightarg = text, procedure = char2icregexeq);
6000 create operator !~* (leftarg = char2, rightarg = text, procedure = char2icregexne);
6001 create operator ~* (leftarg = char4, rightarg = text, procedure = char4icregexeq);
6002 create operator !~* (leftarg = char4, rightarg = text, procedure = char4icregexne);
6003 create operator ~* (leftarg = char8, rightarg = text, procedure = char8icregexeq);
6004 create operator !~* (leftarg = char8, rightarg = text, procedure = char8icregexne);
6005 create operator ~* (leftarg = char16, rightarg = text, procedure = char16icregexeq);
6006 create operator !~* (leftarg = char16, rightarg = text, procedure = char16icregexne);
6007 create operator ~* (leftarg = text, rightarg = text, procedure = texticregexeq);
6008 create operator !~* (leftarg = text, rightarg = text, procedure = texticregexne);
6016 <title>Changes</title>
6021 * 1.01 is backwards compatible with 1.0 database provided the user
6022 follow the steps outlined in the MIGRATION_from_1.0_to_1.01 file.
6023 If those steps are not taken, 1.01 is not compatible with 1.0 database.
6026 * added PQdisplayTuples() to libpq and changed monitor and psql to use it
6027 * added NeXT port (requires SysVIPC implementation)
6028 * added CAST .. AS ... syntax
6029 * added ASC and DESC keywords
6030 * added 'internal' as a possible language for CREATE FUNCTION
6031 internal functions are C functions which have been statically linked
6032 into the postgres backend.
6033 * a new type "name" has been added for system identifiers (table names,
6034 attribute names, etc.) This replaces the old char16 type. The
6035 of name is set by the NAMEDATALEN #define in src/Makefile.global
6036 * a readable reference manual that describes the query language.
6037 * added host-based access control. A configuration file ($PGDATA/pg_hba)
6038 is used to hold the configuration data. If host-based access control
6039 is not desired, comment out HBA=1 in src/Makefile.global.
6040 * changed regex handling to be uniform use of Henry Spencer's regex code
6041 regardless of platform. The regex code is included in the distribution
6042 * added functions and operators for case-insensitive regular expressions.
6043 The operators are ~* and !~*.
6044 * pg_dump uses COPY instead of SELECT loop for better performance
6047 * fixed an optimizer bug that was causing core dumps when
6048 functions calls were used in comparisons in the WHERE clause
6049 * changed all uses of getuid to geteuid so that effective uids are used
6050 * psql now returns non-zero status on errors when using -c
6051 * applied public patches 1-14
6057 <sect1 id="release-1-0">
6058 <title>Release 1.0</title>
6061 <title>Release date</title>
6062 <simpara>1995-09-05</simpara>
6066 <title>Changes</title>
6071 * The copyright of <productname>Postgres</productname> 1.0 has been loosened to be freely modifiable
6072 and modifiable for any purpose. Please read the COPYRIGHT file.
6073 Thanks to Professor Michael Stonebraker for making this possible.
6076 * date formats have to be MM-DD-YYYY (or DD-MM-YYYY if you're using
6077 EUROPEAN STYLE). This follows SQL-92 specs.
6078 * "delimiters" is now a keyword
6081 * sql LIKE syntax has been added
6082 * copy command now takes an optional USING DELIMITER specification.
6083 delimiters can be any single-character string.
6084 * IRIX 5.3 port has been added.
6085 Thanks to Paul Walmsley and others.
6086 * updated pg_dump to work with new libpq
6087 * \d has been added psql
6088 Thanks to Keith Parks
6089 * regexp performance for architectures that use POSIX regex has been
6090 improved due to caching of precompiled patterns.
6091 Thanks to Alistair Crooks
6092 * a new version of libpq++
6093 Thanks to William Wanders
6096 * arbitrary userids can be specified in the createuser script
6097 * \c to connect to other databases in psql now works.
6098 * bad pg_proc entry for float4inc() is fixed
6099 * users with usecreatedb field set can now create databases without
6100 having to be usesuper
6101 * remove access control entries when the entry no longer has any
6103 * fixed non-portable datetimes implementation
6104 * added kerberos flags to the src/backend/Makefile
6105 * libpq now works with kerberos
6106 * typographic errors in the user manual have been corrected.
6107 * btrees with multiple index never worked, now we tell you they don't
6108 work when you try to use them
6114 <sect1 id="release-0-03">
6115 <title><productname>Postgres95</productname> Release 0.03</title>
6118 <title>Release date</title>
6119 <simpara>1995-07-21</simpara>
6123 <title>Changes</title>
6126 Incompatible changes:
6127 * BETA-0.3 IS INCOMPATIBLE WITH DATABASES CREATED WITH PREVIOUS VERSIONS
6128 (due to system catalog changes and indexing structure changes).
6129 * double-quote (") is deprecated as a quoting character for string literals;
6130 you need to convert them to single quotes ('). <!-- " -->
6131 * name of aggregates (eg. int4sum) are renamed in accordance with the
6132 SQL standard (eg. sum).
6133 * CHANGE ACL syntax is replaced by GRANT/REVOKE syntax.
6134 * float literals (eg. 3.14) are now of type float4 (instead of float8 in
6135 previous releases); you might have to do typecasting if you depend on it
6136 being of type float8. If you neglect to do the typecasting and you assign
6137 a float literal to a field of type float8, you may get incorrect values
6139 * LIBPQ has been totally revamped so that frontend applications
6140 can connect to multiple backends
6141 * the usesysid field in pg_user has been changed from int2 to int4 to
6142 allow wider range of Unix user ids.
6143 * the netbsd/freebsd/bsd o/s ports have been consolidated into a
6144 single BSD44_derived port. (thanks to Alistair Crooks)
6146 SQL standard-compliance (the following details changes that makes postgres95
6147 more compliant to the SQL-92 standard):
6148 * the following SQL types are now built-in: smallint, int(eger), float, real,
6149 char(N), varchar(N), date and time.
6151 The following are aliases to existing postgres types:
6153 integer, int -> int4
6154 float, real -> float4
6155 char(N) and varchar(N) are implemented as truncated text types. In
6156 addition, char(N) does blank-padding.
6157 * single-quote (') is used for quoting string literals; '' (in addition to
6158 \') is supported as means of inserting a single quote in a string
6159 * SQL standard aggregate names (MAX, MIN, AVG, SUM, COUNT) are used
6160 (Also, aggregates can now be overloaded, i.e. you can define your
6161 own MAX aggregate to take in a user-defined type.)
6162 * CHANGE ACL removed. GRANT/REVOKE syntax added.
6163 - Privileges can be given to a group using the "GROUP" keyword.
6165 GRANT SELECT ON foobar TO GROUP my_group;
6166 The keyword 'PUBLIC' is also supported to mean all users.
6168 Privileges can only be granted or revoked to one user or group
6171 "WITH GRANT OPTION" is not supported. Only class owners can change
6173 - The default access control is to to grant users readonly access.
6174 You must explicitly grant insert/update access to users. To change
6175 this, modify the line in
6176 src/backend/utils/acl.h
6177 that defines ACL_WORLD_DEFAULT
6180 * the bug where aggregates of empty tables were not run has been fixed. Now,
6181 aggregates run on empty tables will return the initial conditions of the
6182 aggregates. Thus, COUNT of an empty table will now properly return 0.
6183 MAX/MIN of an empty table will return a tuple of value NULL.
6184 * allow the use of \; inside the monitor
6185 * the LISTEN/NOTIFY asynchronous notification mechanism now work
6186 * NOTIFY in rule action bodies now work
6187 * hash indexes work, and access methods in general should perform better.
6188 creation of large btree indexes should be much faster. (thanks to Paul
6191 Other changes and enhancements:
6192 * addition of an EXPLAIN statement used for explaining the query execution
6193 plan (eg. "EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM EMP" prints out the execution plan for
6195 * WARN and NOTICE messages no longer have timestamps on them. To turn on
6196 timestamps of error messages, uncomment the line in
6197 src/backend/utils/elog.h:
6198 /* define ELOG_TIMESTAMPS */
6199 * On an access control violation, the message
6200 "Either no such class or insufficient privilege"
6201 will be given. This is the same message that is returned when
6202 a class is not found. This dissuades non-privileged users from
6203 guessing the existence of privileged classes.
6204 * some additional system catalog changes have been made that are not
6205 visible to the user.
6208 * The -oid option has been added to the "pg_result" tcl command.
6209 pg_result -oid returns oid of the last tuple inserted. If the
6210 last command was not an INSERT, then pg_result -oid returns "".
6211 * the large object interface is available as pg_lo* tcl commands:
6212 pg_lo_open, pg_lo_close, pg_lo_creat, etc.
6214 Portability enhancements and New Ports:
6215 * flex/lex problems have been cleared up. Now, you should be able to use
6216 flex instead of lex on any platforms. We no longer make assumptions of
6217 what lexer you use based on the platform you use.
6218 * The Linux-ELF port is now supported. Various configuration have been
6219 tested: The following configuration is known to work:
6220 kernel 1.2.10, gcc 2.6.3, libc 4.7.2, flex 2.5.2, bison 1.24
6221 with everything in ELF format,
6224 * ipcclean added to the distribution
6225 ipcclean usually does not need to be run, but if your backend crashes
6226 and leaves shared memory segments hanging around, ipcclean will
6227 clean them up for you.
6230 * the user manual has been revised and libpq documentation added.
6236 <sect1 id="release-0-02">
6237 <title><productname>Postgres95</productname> Release 0.02</title>
6240 <title>Release date</title>
6241 <simpara>1995-05-25</simpara>
6245 <title>Changes</title>
6249 Incompatible changes:
6250 * The SQL statement for creating a database is 'CREATE DATABASE' instead
6251 of 'CREATEDB'. Similarly, dropping a database is 'DROP DATABASE' instead
6252 of 'DESTROYDB'. However, the names of the executables 'createdb' and
6253 'destroydb' remain the same.
6256 * pgperl - a Perl (4.036) interface to Postgres95
6257 * pg_dump - a utility for dumping out a postgres database into a
6258 script file containing query commands. The script files are in a ASCII
6259 format and can be used to reconstruct the database, even on other
6260 machines and other architectures. (Also good for converting
6261 a Postgres 4.2 database to Postgres95 database.)
6263 The following ports have been incorporated into postgres95-beta-0.02:
6264 * the NetBSD port by Alistair Crooks
6265 * the AIX port by Mike Tung
6266 * the Windows NT port by Jon Forrest (more stuff but not done yet)
6267 * the Linux ELF port by Brian Gallew
6269 The following bugs have been fixed in postgres95-beta-0.02:
6270 * new lines not escaped in COPY OUT and problem with COPY OUT when first
6272 * cannot type return to use the default user id in createuser
6273 * SELECT DISTINCT on big tables crashes
6274 * Linux installation problems
6275 * monitor doesn't allow use of 'localhost' as PGHOST
6276 * psql core dumps when doing \c or \l
6277 * the "pgtclsh" target missing from src/bin/pgtclsh/Makefile
6278 * libpgtcl has a hard-wired default port number
6279 * SELECT DISTINCT INTO TABLE hangs
6280 * CREATE TYPE doesn't accept 'variable' as the internallength
6281 * wrong result using more than 1 aggregate in a SELECT
6287 <sect1 id="release-0-01">
6288 <title><productname>Postgres95</productname> Release 0.01</title>
6291 <title>Release date</title>
6292 <simpara>1995-05-01</simpara>
6301 <sect1 id="timing-results">
6302 <title>Timing Results</title>
6305 These timing results are from running the regression test with the commands
6308 % cd src/test/regress
6314 Timing under Linux 2.0.27 seems to have a roughly 5% variation from run
6315 to run, presumably due to the scheduling vagaries of multitasking systems.
6319 <title>Version 6.5</title>
6322 As has been the case for previous releases, timing between
6323 releases is not directly comparable since new regression tests
6324 have been added. In general, 6.5 is faster than previous
6329 Timing with <function>fsync()</function> disabled:
6333 02:00 Dual Pentium Pro 180, 224MB, UW-SCSI, Linux 2.0.36, gcc 2.7.2.3 -O2 -m486
6334 04:38 Sparc Ultra 1 143MHz, 64MB, Solaris 2.6
6339 Timing with <function>fsync()</function> enabled:
6343 04:21 Dual Pentium Pro 180, 224MB, UW-SCSI, Linux 2.0.36, gcc 2.7.2.3 -O2 -m486
6346 For the <systemitem class="osname">Linux</systemitem> system above, using <acronym>UW-SCSI</acronym> disks rather than (older) <acronym>IDE</acronym>
6347 disks leads to a 50% improvement in speed on the regression test.
6352 <title>Version 6.4beta</title>
6355 The times for this release are not directly comparable to those for previous releases
6356 since some additional regression tests have been included.
6357 In general, however, 6.4 should be slightly faster than the previous release (thanks, Bruce!).
6362 02:26 Dual Pentium Pro 180, 96MB, UW-SCSI, Linux 2.0.30, gcc 2.7.2.1 -O2 -m486
6368 <title>Version 6.3</title>
6371 The times for this release are not directly comparable to those for previous releases
6372 since some additional regression tests have been included and some obsolete tests involving
6373 time travel have been removed.
6374 In general, however, 6.3 is substantially faster than previous releases (thanks, Bruce!).
6379 02:30 Dual Pentium Pro 180, 96MB, UW-SCSI, Linux 2.0.30, gcc 2.7.2.1 -O2 -m486
6380 04:12 Dual Pentium Pro 180, 96MB, EIDE, Linux 2.0.30, gcc 2.7.2.1 -O2 -m486
6386 <title>Version 6.1</title>
6391 06:12 Pentium Pro 180, 32MB, EIDE, Linux 2.0.30, gcc 2.7.2 -O2 -m486
6392 12:06 P-100, 48MB, Linux 2.0.29, gcc
6393 39:58 Sparc IPC 32MB, Solaris 2.5, gcc 2.7.2.1 -O -g
6401 <!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file
6406 sgml-minimize-attributes:nil
6407 sgml-always-quote-attributes:t
6410 sgml-parent-document:nil
6411 sgml-default-dtd-file:"./reference.ced"
6412 sgml-exposed-tags:nil
6413 sgml-local-catalogs:("/usr/lib/sgml/catalog")
6414 sgml-local-ecat-files:nil