Merge pull request #7096 from Icinga/feature/derivative-states

[icinga2] / doc / 21-development.md

# Development <a id="development"></a>

This chapter provides hints on Icinga 2 debugging,
development, package builds and tests.

* [Debug Icinga 2](21-development.md#development-debug)
  * [GDB Backtrace](21-development.md#development-debug-gdb-backtrace)
  * [Core Dump](21-development.md#development-debug-core-dump)
* [Test Icinga 2](21-development.md#development-tests)
  * [Snapshot Packages (Nightly Builds)](21-development.md#development-tests-snapshot-packages)
* [Develop Icinga 2](21-development.md#development-develop)
  * [Linux Dev Environment](21-development.md#development-linux-dev-env)
  * [macOS Dev Environment](21-development.md#development-macos-dev-env)
  * [Windows Dev Environment](21-development.md#development-windows-dev-env)
* [Package Builds](21-development.md#development-package-builds)
  * [RPM](21-development.md#development-package-builds-rpms)
  * [DEB](21-development.md#development-package-builds-deb)
  * [Windows](21-development.md#development-package-builds-windows)
* [Advanced Tips](21-development.md#development-advanced)


## Debug Icinga 2 <a id="development-debug"></a>

This chapter targets all users who have been asked by developers to provide
a stack trace or coredump if the application crashed. It is also useful
for developers working with different debuggers.

> **Note:**
>
> This is intentionally mentioned before any development insights
> as debugging is a more frequent and commonly asked question.

### Debug Requirements <a id="debug-requirements"></a>

Make sure that the debug symbols are available for Icinga 2.
The Icinga 2 packages provide a debug package which must be
installed separately for all involved binaries, like `icinga2-bin`
or `icinga2-ido-mysql`.

Distribution       | Command
-------------------|------------------------------------------
Debian/Ubuntu      | `apt-get install icinga2-dbg`
RHEL/CentOS        | `yum install icinga2-debuginfo`
Fedora             | `dnf install icinga2-debuginfo icinga2-bin-debuginfo icinga2-ido-mysql-debuginfo`
SLES/openSUSE      | `zypper install icinga2-bin-debuginfo icinga2-ido-mysql-debuginfo`

Furthermore, you may also have to install debug symbols for Boost and your C++ library.

If you're building your own binaries, you should use the `-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug` cmake
build flag for debug builds.


### GDB as Debugger <a id="development-debug-gdb"></a>

Install GDB in your development environment.

Distribution       | Command
-------------------|------------------------------------------
Debian/Ubuntu      | `apt-get install gdb`
RHEL/CentOS        | `yum install gdb`
Fedora             | `dnf install gdb`
SLES/openSUSE      | `zypper install gdb`

#### GDB Run <a id="development-debug-gdb-run"></a>

Call GDB with the binary (`/usr/sbin/icinga2` is a wrapper script calling
`/usr/lib64/icinga2/sbin/icinga2` since 2.4) and all arguments and run it in foreground.

```
gdb --args /usr/lib64/icinga2/sbin/icinga2 daemon -x debug
```

The exact path to the Icinga 2 binary differs on each distribution. On Ubuntu
it is installed into `/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/icinga2/sbin/icinga2` on 64-bit systems
for example.

> **Note**
>
> If gdb tells you it's missing debug symbols, quit gdb and install
> them: `Missing separate debuginfos, use: debuginfo-install ...`

Run/restart the application.

```
(gdb) r
```

Kill the running application.

```
(gdb) k
```

Continue after breakpoint.

```
(gdb) c
```

#### GDB Core Dump <a id="development-debug-gdb-coredump"></a>

Either attach to the running process using `gdb -p PID` or start
a new gdb run.

```
(gdb) r
(gdb) generate-core-file
```

#### GDB Backtrace <a id="development-debug-gdb-backtrace"></a>

If Icinga 2 aborted its operation abnormally, generate a backtrace.

> **Note**
>
> Please install the [required debug symbols](21-development.md#debug-requirements)
> prior to generating a backtrace.

`thread apply all` is important here since this includes all running threads.
We need this information when e.g. debugging dead locks and hanging features.

```
(gdb) bt
(gdb) thread apply all bt full
```

If gdb stops at a SIGPIPE signal please disable the signal before
running Icinga 2. This isn't an error, but we need to workaround it.

```
(gdb) handle SIGPIPE nostop noprint pass
(gdb) r
```

If you create a [new issue](https://github.com/Icinga/icinga2/issues),
make sure to attach as much detail as possible.

#### GDB Backtrace from Running Process <a id="development-debug-gdb-backtrace-running"></a>

If Icinga 2 is still running, generate a full backtrace from the running
process and store it into a new file (e.g. for debugging dead locks).

> **Note**
>
> Please install the [required debug symbols](21-development.md#debug-requirements)
> prior to generating a backtrace.

Icinga 2 runs with 2 processes: main and command executor, therefore generate two backtrace logs
and add them to the GitHub issue.

```
for pid in $(pidof icinga2); do gdb -p $pid -batch -ex "thread apply all bt full" -ex "detach" -ex "q" > gdb_bt_${pid}_`date +%s`.log; done
```

#### GDB Thread List from Running Process <a id="development-debug-gdb-thread-list-running"></a>

Instead of a full backtrace, you sometimes just need a list of running threads.

```
for pid in $(pidof icinga2); do gdb -p $pid -batch -ex "info threads" -ex "detach" -ex "q" > gdb_threads_${pid}_`date +%s`.log; done
```

#### GDB Backtrace Stepping <a id="development-debug-gdb-backtrace-stepping"></a>

Identifying the problem may require stepping into the backtrace, analysing
the current scope, attributes, and possible unmet requirements. `p` prints
the value of the selected variable or function call result.

```
(gdb) up
(gdb) down
(gdb) p checkable
(gdb) p checkable.px->m_Name
```

#### GDB Breakpoints <a id="development-debug-gdb-breakpoint"></a>

To set a breakpoint to a specific function call, or file specific line.

```
(gdb) b checkable.cpp:125
(gdb) b icinga::Checkable::SetEnablePerfdata
```

GDB will ask about loading the required symbols later, select `yes` instead
of `no`.

Then run Icinga 2 until it reaches the first breakpoint. Continue with `c`
afterwards.

```
(gdb) run
(gdb) c
```

In case you want to step into the next line of code, use `n`. If there is a
function call where you want to step into, use `s`.

```
(gdb) n

(gdb) s
```

If you want to delete all breakpoints, use `d` and select `yes`.

```
(gdb) d
```

> **Tip**
>
> When debugging exceptions, set your breakpoint like this: `b __cxa_throw`.

Breakpoint Example:

```
(gdb) b __cxa_throw
(gdb) r
(gdb) up
....
(gdb) up
#11 0x00007ffff7cbf9ff in icinga::Utility::GlobRecursive(icinga::String const&, icinga::String const&, boost::function<void (icinga::String const&)> const&, int) (path=..., pattern=..., callback=..., type=1)
    at /home/michi/coding/icinga/icinga2/lib/base/utility.cpp:609
609                     callback(cpath);
(gdb) l
604
605     #endif /* _WIN32 */
606
607             std::sort(files.begin(), files.end());
608             BOOST_FOREACH(const String& cpath, files) {
609                     callback(cpath);
610             }
611
612             std::sort(dirs.begin(), dirs.end());
613             BOOST_FOREACH(const String& cpath, dirs) {
(gdb) p files
$3 = std::vector of length 11, capacity 16 = {{static NPos = 18446744073709551615, m_Data = "/etc/icinga2/conf.d/agent.conf"}, {static NPos = 18446744073709551615,
    m_Data = "/etc/icinga2/conf.d/commands.conf"}, {static NPos = 18446744073709551615, m_Data = "/etc/icinga2/conf.d/downtimes.conf"}, {static NPos = 18446744073709551615,
    m_Data = "/etc/icinga2/conf.d/groups.conf"}, {static NPos = 18446744073709551615, m_Data = "/etc/icinga2/conf.d/notifications.conf"}, {static NPos = 18446744073709551615,
    m_Data = "/etc/icinga2/conf.d/satellite.conf"}, {static NPos = 18446744073709551615, m_Data = "/etc/icinga2/conf.d/services.conf"}, {static NPos = 18446744073709551615,
    m_Data = "/etc/icinga2/conf.d/templates.conf"}, {static NPos = 18446744073709551615, m_Data = "/etc/icinga2/conf.d/test.conf"}, {static NPos = 18446744073709551615,
    m_Data = "/etc/icinga2/conf.d/timeperiods.conf"}, {static NPos = 18446744073709551615, m_Data = "/etc/icinga2/conf.d/users.conf"}}
```


### Core Dump <a id="development-debug-core-dump"></a>

When the Icinga 2 daemon crashes with a `SIGSEGV` signal
a core dump file should be written. This will help
developers to analyze and fix the problem.

#### Core Dump File Size Limit <a id="development-debug-core-dump-limit"></a>

This requires setting the core dump file size to `unlimited`.


##### Systemd

```
systemctl edit icinga2.service

[Service]
...
LimitCORE=infinity

systemctl daemon-reload

systemctl restart icinga2
```

##### Init Script

```
vim /etc/init.d/icinga2
...
ulimit -c unlimited

service icinga2 restart
```

##### Verify

Verify that the Icinga 2 process core file size limit is set to `unlimited`.

```
for pid in $(pidof icinga2); do cat /proc/$pid/limits; done

...
Max core file size        unlimited            unlimited            bytes
```


#### Core Dump Kernel Format <a id="development-debug-core-dump-format"></a>

The Icinga 2 daemon runs with the SUID bit set. Therefore you need
to explicitly enable core dumps for SUID on Linux.

```
sysctl -w fs.suid_dumpable=2
```

Adjust the coredump kernel format and file location on Linux:

```
sysctl -w kernel.core_pattern=/var/lib/cores/core.%e.%p

install -m 1777 -d /var/lib/cores
```

MacOS:

```
sysctl -w kern.corefile=/cores/core.%P

chmod 777 /cores
```

#### Core Dump Analysis <a id="development-debug-core-dump-analysis"></a>

Once Icinga 2 crashes again a new coredump file will be written. Please
attach this file to your bug report in addition to the general details.

Simple test case for a `SIGSEGV` simulation with `sleep`:

```
ulimit -c unlimited
sleep 1800&
[1] <PID>
kill -SEGV <PID>
gdb `which sleep` /var/lib/cores/core.sleep.<PID>
(gdb) bt
rm /var/lib/cores/core.sleep.*
```

Analyzing Icinga 2:

```
gdb /usr/lib64/icinga2/sbin/icinga2 core.icinga2.<PID>
(gdb) bt
```

### LLDB as Debugger <a id="development-debug-lldb"></a>

LLDB is available on macOS with the Xcode command line tools.

```
$ xcode-select --install
```

In order to run Icinga 2 with LLDB you need to pass the binary as argument.

```
lldb -- /usr/local/icinga2/lib/icinga2/sbin/icinga2 daemon
```

Breakpoint:

```
> b checkable.cpp:57
> b icinga::Checkable::ProcessCheckResult
```

Full backtrace:

```
> bt all
```

Select thread:

```
> thr sel 5
```

Step into:

```
> s
```

Next step:

```
> n
```

Continue:

```
> c
```

Up/down in stacktrace:

```
> up
> down
```

## Test Icinga 2 <a id="development-tests"></a>

### Snapshot Packages (Nightly Builds) <a id="development-tests-snapshot-packages"></a>

Icinga provides snapshot packages as nightly builds from [Git master](https://github.com/icinga/icinga2).

These packages contain development code which should be considered "work in progress".
While developers ensure that tests are running fine with CI actions on PRs,
things might break, or changes are not yet documented in the changelog.

You can help the developers and test the snapshot packages, e.g. when larger
changes or rewrites are taking place for a new major version. Your feedback
is very much appreciated.

Snapshot packages are available for all supported platforms including
Linux and Windows and can be obtained from [https://packages.icinga.com](https://packages.icinga.com).

The [Vagrant boxes](https://github.com/Icinga/icinga-vagrant) also use
the Icinga snapshot packages to allow easier integration tests. It is also
possible to use Docker with base OS images and installing the snapshot
packages.

If you encounter a problem, please [open a new issue](https://github.com/Icinga/icinga2/issues/new/choose)
on GitHub and mention that you're testing the snapshot packages.

#### RHEL/CentOS <a id="development-tests-snapshot-packages-rhel"></a>

2.11+ requires the [EPEL repository](02-getting-started.md#package-repositories-rhel-epel) for Boost 1.66+.

In addition to that, the `icinga-rpm-release` package already provides the `icinga-snapshot-build`
repository but it is disabled by default.

```
yum -y install https://packages.icinga.com/epel/icinga-rpm-release-7-latest.noarch.rpm
yum -y install epel-release
yum makecache

yum install --enablerepo=icinga-snapshot-build icinga2
```

#### Debian <a id="development-tests-snapshot-packages-debian"></a>

2.11+ requires Boost 1.66+ which either is provided by the OS, backports or Icinga stable repositories.
It is advised to configure both Icinga repositories, stable and snapshot and selectively
choose the repository with the `-t` flag on `apt-get install`.

```
apt-get update
apt-get -y install apt-transport-https wget gnupg

wget -O - https://packages.icinga.com/icinga.key | apt-key add -

DIST=$(awk -F"[)(]+" '/VERSION=/ {print $2}' /etc/os-release); \
 echo "deb https://packages.icinga.com/debian icinga-${DIST} main" > \
 /etc/apt/sources.list.d/${DIST}-icinga.list
 echo "deb-src https://packages.icinga.com/debian icinga-${DIST} main" >> \
 /etc/apt/sources.list.d/${DIST}-icinga.list

DIST=$(awk -F"[)(]+" '/VERSION=/ {print $2}' /etc/os-release); \
 echo "deb http://packages.icinga.com/debian icinga-${DIST}-snapshots main" > \
 /etc/apt/sources.list.d/${DIST}-icinga-snapshots.list
 echo "deb-src http://packages.icinga.com/debian icinga-${DIST}-snapshots main" >> \
 /etc/apt/sources.list.d/${DIST}-icinga-snapshots.list

apt-get update
```

On Debian Stretch, you'll also need to add Debian Backports.

```
DIST=$(awk -F"[)(]+" '/VERSION=/ {print $2}' /etc/os-release); \
 echo "deb https://deb.debian.org/debian ${DIST}-backports main" > \
 /etc/apt/sources.list.d/${DIST}-backports.list

apt-get update
```

Then install the snapshot packages.

```
DIST=$(awk -F"[)(]+" '/VERSION=/ {print $2}' /etc/os-release); \
apt-get install -t icinga-${DIST}-snapshots icinga2
```

#### Ubuntu <a id="development-tests-snapshot-packages-ubuntu"></a>

```
apt-get update
apt-get -y install apt-transport-https wget gnupg

wget -O - https://packages.icinga.com/icinga.key | apt-key add -

. /etc/os-release; if [ ! -z ${UBUNTU_CODENAME+x} ]; then DIST="${UBUNTU_CODENAME}"; else DIST="$(lsb_release -c| awk '{print $2}')"; fi; \
 echo "deb https://packages.icinga.com/ubuntu icinga-${DIST} main" > \
 /etc/apt/sources.list.d/${DIST}-icinga.list
 echo "deb-src https://packages.icinga.com/ubuntu icinga-${DIST} main" >> \
 /etc/apt/sources.list.d/${DIST}-icinga.list

. /etc/os-release; if [ ! -z ${UBUNTU_CODENAME+x} ]; then DIST="${UBUNTU_CODENAME}"; else DIST="$(lsb_release -c| awk '{print $2}')"; fi; \
 echo "deb https://packages.icinga.com/ubuntu icinga-${DIST}-snapshots main" > \
 /etc/apt/sources.list.d/${DIST}-icinga-snapshots.list
 echo "deb-src https://packages.icinga.com/ubuntu icinga-${DIST}-snapshots main" >> \
 /etc/apt/sources.list.d/${DIST}-icinga-snapshots.list

apt-get update
```

Then install the snapshot packages.

```
. /etc/os-release; if [ ! -z ${UBUNTU_CODENAME+x} ]; then DIST="${UBUNTU_CODENAME}"; else DIST="$(lsb_release -c| awk '{print $2}')"; fi; \
apt-get install -t icinga-${DIST}-snapshots icinga2
```

#### SLES <a id="development-tests-snapshot-packages-sles"></a>

The required Boost packages are provided with the stable release repository.

```
rpm --import https://packages.icinga.com/icinga.key

zypper ar https://packages.icinga.com/SUSE/ICINGA-release.repo
zypper ref

zypper ar https://packages.icinga.com/SUSE/ICINGA-snapshot.repo
zypper ref
```

Selectively install the snapshot packages using the `-r` parameter.

```
zypper in -r icinga-snapshot-builds icinga2
```


### Unit Tests <a id="development-tests-unit"></a>

Build the binaries and run the tests.


```
make -j4 -C debug
make test -C debug
```

Run a specific boost test:

```
debug/Bin/Debug/boosttest-test-base --run_test=remote_url
```



## Develop Icinga 2 <a id="development-develop"></a>

Icinga 2 can be built on many platforms such as Linux, Unix and Windows.
There are limitations in terms of support, e.g. Windows is only supported for agents,
not a full-featured master or satellite.

Before you start with actual development, there is a couple of pre-requisites.

### Choose your Editor <a id="development-develop-choose-editor"></a>

Icinga 2 can be developed with your favorite editor. Icinga developers prefer
these tools:

- vim
- CLion (macOS, Linux)
- MS Visual Studio (Windows)
- Atom

Editors differ on the functionality. The more helpers you get for C++ development,
the faster your development workflow will be.


#### Whitespace Cleanup <a id="development-develop-choose-editor-whitespaces"></a>

Patches must be cleaned up and follow the indent style (tabs instead of spaces).
You should also remove any training whitespaces.

`git diff` allows to highlight such.

```
vim $HOME/.gitconfig

[color "diff"]
        whitespace = red reverse
[core]
        whitespace=fix,-indent-with-non-tab,trailing-space,cr-at-eol
```

`vim` also can match these and visually alert you to remove them.

```
vim $HOME/.vimrc

highlight ExtraWhitespace ctermbg=red guibg=red
match ExtraWhitespace /\s\+$/
autocmd BufWinEnter * match ExtraWhitespace /\s\+$/
autocmd InsertEnter * match ExtraWhitespace /\s\+\%#\@<!$/
autocmd InsertLeave * match ExtraWhitespace /\s\+$/
autocmd BufWinLeave * call clearmatches()
```

### Get to know the architecture <a id="development-develop-get-to-know-the-architecture"></a>

Icinga 2 can run standalone or in distributed environments. It contains a whole lot
more than a simple check execution engine.

Read more about it in the [Technical Concepts](19-technical-concepts.md#technical-concepts) chapter.

### Get to know the code <a id="development-develop-get-to-know-the-code"></a>

First off, you really need to know C++ and portions of C++11 and the boost libraries.
Best is to start with a book or online tutorial to get into the basics.
Icinga developers gained their knowledge through studies, training and self-teaching
code by trying it out and asking senior developers for guidance.

Here's a few books we can recommend:

* [Accelerated C++: Practical Programming by Example](https://www.amazon.com/Accelerated-C-Practical-Programming-Example/dp/020170353X) (Andrew Koenig, Barbara E. Moo)
* [Effective C++](https://www.amazon.com/Effective-Specific-Improve-Programs-Designs/dp/0321334876) (Scott Meyers)
* [Boost C++ Application Development Cookbook - Second Edition: Recipes to simplify your application development](https://www.amazon.com/dp/1787282244/ref=cm_sw_em_r_mt_dp_U_dN1OCbERS00EQ) (Antony Polukhin)
* [Der C++ Programmierer](https://www.amazon.de/Programmierer-lernen-Professionell-anwenden-L%C3%B6sungen/dp/3446416447), German (Ulrich Breymann)
* [C++11 programmieren](https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/3836217325/), German (Torsten T. Will)

In addition, it is a good bet to also know SQL when diving into backend development.

* [SQL Performance Explained](https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/3950307826/) (Markus Winand)

Last but not least, if you are developing on Windows, get to know the internals about services and the Win32 API.


### Design Patterns <a id="development-develop-design-patterns"></a>

Icinga 2 heavily relies on object-oriented programming and encapsulates common
functionality into classes and objects. It also uses modern programming techniques
to e.g. work with shared pointer memory management.

Icinga 2 consists of libraries bundled into the main binary. Therefore you'll
find many code parts in the `lib/` directory wheras the actual application is
built from `icinga-app/`. Accompanied with Icinga 2, there's the Windows plugins
which are standalone and compiled from `plugins/`.

Library        | Description
---------------|------------------------------------
base           | Objects, values, types, streams, tockets, TLS, utilities, etc.
config         | Configuration compiler, expressions, etc.
cli            | CLI (sub) commands and helpers.
icinga         | Icinga specific objects and event handling.
remote         | Cluster and HTTP client/server and REST API related code.
checker        | Checker feature, check scheduler.
notification   | Notification feature, notification scheduler.
methods        | Command execution methods, plugins and built-in checks.
perfdata       | Performance data related, including Graphite, Elastic, etc.
db\_ido        | IDO database abstraction layer.
db\_ido\_mysql | IDO database driver for MySQL.
db\_ido\_pgsql | IDO database driver for PgSQL.
mysql\_shin    | Library stub for linking against the MySQL client libraries.
pgsql\_shim    | Library stub for linking against the PgSQL client libraries.

#### Class Compiler <a id="development-develop-design-patterns-class-compiler"></a>

Another thing you will recognize are the `.ti` files which are compiled
by our own class compiler into actual source code. The meta language allows
developers to easily add object attributes and specify their behaviour.

Some object attributes need to be stored over restarts in the state file
and therefore have the `state` attribute set. Others are treated as `config`
attribute and automatically get configuration validation functions created.
Hidden or read-only REST API attributes are marked with `no_user_view` and
`no_user_modify`.

The most beneficial thing are getters and setters being generated. The actual object
inherits from `ObjectImpl<TYPE>` and therefore gets them "for free".

Example:

```
vim lib/perfdata/gelfwriter.ti

  [config] enable_tls;

vim lib/perfdata/gelfwriter.cpp

    if (GetEnableTls()) {
```

The logic is hidden in `tools/mkclass/` in case you want to learn more about it.
The first steps during CMake & make also tell you about code generation.


### Builds: CMake <a id="development-develop-builds-cmake"></a>

In its early development stages in 2012, Icinga 2 was built with autoconf/automake
and separate Windows project files. We've found this very fragile, and have changed
this into CMake as our build tool.

The most common benefits:

* Everything is described in CMakeLists.txt in each directory
* CMake only needs to know that a sub directory needs to be included.
* The global CMakeLists.txt acts as main entry point for requirement checks and library/header includes.
* Separate binary build directories, the actual source tree stays clean.
* CMake automatically generates a Visual Studio project file `icinga2.sln` on Windows.

### Builds: Unity Builds <a id="development-develop-builds-unity-builds"></a>

Another thing you should be aware of: Unity builds on and off.

Typically, we already use caching mechanisms to reduce recompile time with ccache.
For release builds, there's always a new build needed as the difference is huge compared
to a previous (major) release.

Therefore we've invented the Unity builds, which basically concatenates all source files
into one big library source code file. The compiler then doesn't need to load the many small
files but compiles and links this huge one.

Unity builds require more memory which is why you should disable them for development
builds in small sized VMs (Linux, Windows) and also Docker containers.

There's a couple of header files which are included everywhere. If you touch/edit them,
the cache is invalidated and you need to recompile a lot more files then. `base/utility.hpp`
and `remote/zone.hpp` are good candidates for this.


### Linux Dev Environment <a id="development-linux-dev-env"></a>

Based on CentOS 7, we have an early draft available inside the Icinga Vagrant boxes:
[centos7-dev](https://github.com/Icinga/icinga-vagrant/tree/master/centos7-dev).

If you're compiling Icinga 2 natively without any virtualization layer in between,
this usually is faster. This is also the reason why developers on macOS prefer native builds
over Linux or Windows VMs. Don't forget to test the actual code on Linux later! Socket specific
stuff like `epoll` is not available on Unix kernels.

Depending on your workstation and environment, you may either develop and run locally,
use a container deployment pipeline or put everything in a high end resource remote VM.

Fork https://github.com/Icinga/icinga2 into your own repository, e.g. `https://github.com/dnsmichi/icinga2`.

Create two build directories for different binary builds.

* `debug` contains the debug build binaries. They contain more debug information and run tremendously slower than release builds from packages. Don't use them for benchmarks.
* `release` contains the release build binaries, as you would install them on a live system. This helps comparing specific scenarios for race conditions and more.

```
mkdir -p release debug
```

Proceed with the specific distribution examples below.

* [CentOS 7](21-development.md#development-linux-dev-env-centos)
* [Debian 9](21-development.md#development-linux-dev-env-debian)


#### CentOS 7 <a id="development-linux-dev-env-centos"></a>

```
yum -y install gdb git bash-completion htop rpmdevtools \
 ccache cmake make gcc-c++ flex bison \
 openssl-devel boost-devel systemd-devel mysql-devel \
 postgresql-devel libedit-devel libstdc++-devel

groupadd icinga
groupadd icingacmd
useradd -c "icinga" -s /sbin/nologin -G icingacmd -g icinga icinga

ln -s /bin/ccache /usr/local/bin/gcc
ln -s /bin/ccache /usr/local/bin/g++

git clone https://github.com/icinga/icinga2.git && cd icinga2

mkdir debug release
cd debug
cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DICINGA2_UNITY_BUILD=OFF -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/icinga2 -DICINGA2_PLUGINDIR=/usr/local/sbin
cd ..
make -j2 install -C debug
```


```
chown -R icinga:icinga /usr/local/icinga2/var/

/usr/local/icinga2/lib/icinga2/prepare-dirs /usr/local/icinga2/etc/sysconfig/icinga2
/usr/local/icinga2/sbin/icinga2 api setup
vim /usr/local/icinga2/etc/icinga2/conf.d/api-users.conf

gdb --args /usr/local/icinga2/lib/icinga2/sbin/icinga2 daemon
```

#### Debian 9 <a id="development-linux-dev-env-debian"></a>

```
apt-get -y install gdb vim git cmake make ccache build-essential libssl-dev libboost-all-dev bison flex default-libmysqlclient-dev libpq-dev libedit-dev monitoring-plugins

ln -s /usr/bin/ccache /usr/local/bin/gcc
ln -s /usr/bin/ccache /usr/local/bin/g++

groupadd icinga
groupadd icingacmd
useradd -c "icinga" -s /sbin/nologin -G icingacmd -g icinga icinga

git clone https://github.com/icinga/icinga2.git && cd icinga2

mkdir debug release
cd debug
cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DICINGA2_UNITY_BUILD=OFF -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/icinga2 -DICINGA2_PLUGINDIR=/usr/local/sbin
cd ..
make -j2 install -C debug
```


```
chown -R icinga:icinga /usr/local/icinga2/var/

/usr/local/icinga2/lib/icinga2/prepare-dirs /usr/local/icinga2/etc/sysconfig/icinga2
/usr/local/icinga2/sbin/icinga2 api setup
vim /usr/local/icinga2/etc/icinga2/conf.d/api-users.conf

gdb --args /usr/local/icinga2/lib/icinga2/sbin/icinga2 daemon
```



### macOS Dev Environment <a id="development-macos-dev-env"></a>

It is advised to use Homebrew to install required build dependencies.
Macports have been reported to work as well, typically you'll get more help
with Homebrew from Icinga developers.

The idea is to run Icinga with the current user, avoiding root permissions.

#### Requirements

OpenSSL 1.0.x doesn't build anymore, so we're explicitly using 1.1.x here.

```
brew install ccache boost cmake bison flex openssl@1.1 mysql-connector-c++ postgresql libpq
```

##### ccache

```
sudo mkdir /opt/ccache

sudo ln -s `which ccache` /opt/ccache/clang
sudo ln -s `which ccache` /opt/ccache/clang++

vim $HOME/.bash_profile

# ccache is managed with symlinks to avoid collision with cgo
export PATH="/opt/ccache:$PATH"

source $HOME/.bash_profile
```

#### Builds

Icinga is built as release (optimized build for packages) and debug (more symbols and details for debugging). Debug builds
typically run slower than release builds and must not be used for performance benchmarks.

```
mkdir -p release debug

cd debug
cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DICINGA2_UNITY_BUILD=OFF -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/icinga2 -DOPENSSL_INCLUDE_DIR=/usr/local/opt/openssl@1.1/include -DOPENSSL_SSL_LIBRARY=/usr/local/opt/openssl@1.1/lib/libssl.dylib -DOPENSSL_CRYPTO_LIBRARY=/usr/local/opt/openssl@1.1/lib/libcrypto.dylib -DICINGA2_PLUGINDIR=/usr/local/sbin ..
cd ..

make -j4 -C debug
make -j4 install -C debug
```

##### Build Aliases

This is derived from [dnsmichi's flavour](https://github.com/dnsmichi/dotfiles) and not generally best practice.

```
vim $HOME/.bash_profile

export I2_GENERIC="-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/icinga/icinga2 -DICINGA2_USER=`id -u -n` -DICINGA2_GROUP=`id -g -n` -DOPENSSL_INCLUDE_DIR=/usr/local/opt/openssl@1.1/include -DOPENSSL_SSL_LIBRARY=/usr/local/opt/openssl@1.1/lib/libssl.dylib -DOPENSSL_CRYPTO_LIBRARY=/usr/local/opt/openssl@1.1/lib/libcrypto.dylib -DICINGA2_PLUGINDIR=/usr/local/sbin -DICINGA2_WITH_PGSQL=OFF"

export I2_DEBUG="-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DICINGA2_UNITY_BUILD=OFF $I2_GENERIC"
export I2_RELEASE="-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RelWithDebInfo -DICINGA2_WITH_TESTS=ON -DICINGA2_UNITY_BUILD=ON $I2_GENERIC"

alias i2_debug="mkdir -p debug; cd debug; cmake $I2_DEBUG ..; make -j4; make -j4 install; cd .."
alias i2_release="mkdir -p release; cd release; cmake $I2_RELEASE ..; make -j4; make -j4 install; cd .."

export PATH=/usr/local/icinga/icinga2/sbin/:$PATH
test -f /usr/local/icinga/icinga2/etc/bash_completion.d/icinga2 && source /usr/local/icinga/icinga2/etc/bash_completion.d/icinga2


source $HOME/.bash_profile
```

#### Run

```
chown -R icinga:icinga /usr/local/icinga2
chown -R icinga:_www /usr/local/icinga2/var/run/icinga2/cmd

icinga2 daemon
```

#### Plugins

```
brew install monitoring-plugins

sudo vim /usr/local/icinga2/etc/icinga2/constants.conf
const PluginDir = "/usr/local/sbin"
```

#### Backends: Redis

```
brew install redis
brew services start redis
```

#### Databases: MariaDB

```
brew install mariadb
mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/my.cnf.d
brew services start mariadb

mysql_secure_installation
```

```
vim $HOME/.my.cnf

[client]
user = root
password = supersecurerootpassword

sudo -i
ln -s /Users/michi/.my.cnf $HOME/.my.cnf
exit
```

```
mysql -e 'create database icinga;'
mysql -e "grant all on icinga.* to 'icinga'@'localhost' identified by 'icinga';"
mysql icinga < $HOME/dev/icinga/icinga2/lib/db_ido_mysql/schema/mysql.sql
```

#### API

```
icinga2 api setup
cd /usr/local/icinga/icinga2/var/lib/icinga2/certs
HOST_NAME=mbpmif.int.netways.de
icinga2 pki new-cert --cn ${HOST_NAME} --csr ${HOST_NAME}.csr --key ${HOST_NAME}.key
icinga2 pki sign-csr --csr ${HOST_NAME}.csr --cert ${HOST_NAME}.crt
echo "const NodeName = \"${HOST_NAME}\"" >> /usr/local/icinga/icinga2/etc/icinga2/constants.conf
```




### Windows Dev Environment <a id="development-windows-dev-env"></a>

The following sections explain how to setup the required build tools
and how to run and debug the code.

#### Chocolatey

Open an administrative command prompt (Win key, type “cmd”, right-click and “run as administrator”) and paste the following instructions:

```
@powershell -NoProfile -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Command "iex ((new-object net.webclient).DownloadString('https://chocolatey.org/install.ps1'))" && SET PATH=%PATH%;%ALLUSERSPROFILE%\chocolatey\bin
```

#### Visual Studio

Thanks to Microsoft they’ll now provide their Professional Edition of Visual Studio 2017
as community version, free for use for open source projects such as Icinga.
The installation requires ~9GB disk space. [Download](https://www.visualstudio.com/downloads/)
the web installer and start the installation.

You need a free Microsoft account to download and also store your preferences.

Choose these individual components on Visual Studio 2017:

* .NET
  * .NET Framework 3.5 development tools
  * .NET Framework 4.6.1 SDK
  * .NET Framework 4.6.1 targeting pack
* Code tools
  * Git for Windows
  * Static analysis tools
* Compilers, build tools and runtimes
  * C# and Visual Basic Roslyn compilers
  * C++/CU Support
  * VC++ 2017 v141 toolset (x86_64)
* Debugging and testing
  * C++ profiling tools
  * Just-in-Time debugger
* Development activities
  * Visual Studio C++ core features
* Games and Graphics
  * Graphics debugger and GPU profiler for DirectX (required by C++ profiling tools)
* SDKs, libraries and frameworks
  * Graphics Tools Windows 8.1 SDK (required by C++ profiling tools)
  * Windows 10 SDK **10.0.10240.0 - exactly this version**
  * Windows 8.1 SDK
  * Windows Universal C Runtime
* Uncategorized
  * GitHub Extension for Visual Studio


After a while, Visual Studio will be ready.

#### .NET Framework 3.5

Windows 10 has .NET Framework >= 4.6 installed by default. The Icinga Agent Wizard
is built on .NET Framework 2.0 which is not included in .NET Framework 4.6.

Windows 10 provides .NET Framework 3.5 which includes .NET Framework 2.0.

Navigate into `Control Panel` -> `Programs` -> `Turn Windows features on or off`.
Select `.NET Framework 3.5 (includes .NET 2.0 and 3.0)` and wait until the installation process
is finished.

#### Flex and Bison

Install it using [chocolatey](https://www.wireshark.org/docs/wsdg_html_chunked/ChSetupWin32.html):

```
choco install -y winflexbison
```

Chocolatey installs these tools into the hidden directory `C:\ProgramData\chocolatey\lib\winflexbison\tools`.

#### OpenSSL

Icinga 2 requires the OpenSSL library. [Download](http://slproweb.com/products/Win32OpenSSL.html)
and install it into the default path.

Once asked for `Copy OpenSSLs DLLs to` select `The Windows system directory`. That way CMake/Visual Studio
will automatically detect them for builds and packaging.

> **Note**
>
> We cannot use the chocolatey package as this one does not provide any development headers.
>
> Choose 1.1.1 LTS from manual downloads for best compatibility.

#### Boost

In order to use the boost development header and library files you need to [download](http://www.boost.org/users/download/)
Boost and then extract it to e.g. `C:\boost_1_69_0`.

> **Note**
>
> Just use `C:`, the zip file already contains the sub folder. Extraction takes a while,
> the archive contains more than 70k files.

In order to integrate Boost into Visual Studio 2017, open the `Developer Command Prompt` from the start menu,
and navigate to `C:\boost_1_69_0`.

Execute `bootstrap.bat` first.

```
cd C:\boost_1_69_0
bootstrap.bat
```

Once finished, specify the required `toolset` to compile boost against Visual Studio.
This takes quite some time in a Windows VM. Boost Context uses Assembler code,
which isn't treated as exception safe by the VS compiler. Therefore set the
additional compilation flag according to [this entry](https://lists.boost.org/Archives/boost/2015/08/224570.php).

```
b2 --toolset=msvc-14.1 asmflags=\safeseh
```

![Windows Boost Build in VS2017 Development Console](images/development/windows_boost_build_dev_cmd.png)

#### TortoiseGit

TortoiseGit provides a graphical integration into the Windows explorer. This makes it easier to checkout, commit
and whatnot.

[Download](https://tortoisegit.org/download/) TortoiseGit on your system.

In order to clone via Git SSH you also need to create a new directory called `.ssh`
inside your user's home directory.
Therefore open a command prompt (win key, type `cmd`, enter) and run `mkdir .ssh`.
Add your `id_rsa` private key and `id_rsa.pub` public key files into that directory.

Start the setup routine and choose `OpenSSH` as default secure transport when asked.

Open a Windows Explorer window and navigate into

```
cd %HOMEPATH%\source\repos
```

Right click and select `Git Clone` from the context menu.

Use `ssh://git@github.com/icinga/icinga2.git` for SSH clones, `https://github.com/icinga/icinga2.git` otherwise.

#### CMake

Icinga 2 uses CMake to manage the build environment. You can generate the Visual Studio project files
using CMake. [Download](https://cmake.org/download/) and install CMake. Select to add it to PATH for all users
when asked.

> **Note**
>
> In order to properly detect the Boost libraries, install the CMake 3.14+.

Once setup is completed, open a command prompt and navigate to

```
cd %HOMEPATH%\source\repos
```

Run CMake with the following command. This generates a new Visual Studio project file called `icinga2.sln`.

You need to specify the previously installed component paths:

Variable              | Value                                                                | Description
----------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------
`BOOST_ROOT`          | `C:\boost_1_69_0`                                                    | Root path where you've extracted and compiled Boost.
`BOOST_LIBRARYDIR`    | `C:\boost_1_69_0\stage`                                              | Path to the static compiled Boost libraries, directory must contain `lib`.
`BISON_EXECUTABLE`    | `C:\ProgramData\chocolatey\lib\winflexbison\tools\win_bison.exe`     | Path to the Bison executable.
`FLEX_EXECUTABLE`     | `C:\ProgramData\chocolatey\lib\winflexbison\tools\win_flex.exe`      | Path to the Flex executable.
`ICINGA2_WITH_MYSQL`  | OFF                                                                  | Requires extra setup for MySQL if set to `ON`. Not supported for client setups.
`ICINGA2_WITH_PGSQL`  | OFF                                                                  | Requires extra setup for PgSQL if set to `ON`. Not supported for client setups.
`ICINGA2_UNITY_BUILD` | OFF                                                                  | Disable unity builds for development environments.

Tip: If you have previously opened a terminal, run `refreshenv` to re-read updated PATH variables.

```
cmake . -DCPACK_GENERATOR=WIX -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DBOOST_ROOT=C:\boost_1_69_0 -DBOOST_LIBRARYDIR=C:\boost_1_69_0\stage -DBISON_EXECUTABLE=C:\ProgramData\chocolatey\lib\winflexbison\tools\win_bison.exe -DFLEX_EXECUTABLE=C:\ProgramData\chocolatey\lib\winflexbison\tools\win_flex.exe -DICINGA2_WITH_MYSQL=OFF -DICINGA2_WITH_PGSQL=OFF -DICINGA2_UNITY_BUILD=OFF
```

Best is write a small batch/Powershell script which just executes these lines.

```
@echo off

cd icinga2
mkdir debug
cd debug
del CMakeCache.txt

cmake . -DCPACK_GENERATOR=WIX -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DBOOST_ROOT=C:\boost_1_69_0 -DBOOST_LIBRARYDIR=C:\boost_1_69_0\stage -DBISON_EXECUTABLE=C:\ProgramData\chocolatey\lib\winflexbison\tools\win_bison.exe -DFLEX_EXECUTABLE=C:\ProgramData\chocolatey\lib\winflexbison\tools\win_flex.exe -DICINGA2_WITH_MYSQL=OFF -DICINGA2_WITH_PGSQL=OFF -DICINGA2_UNITY_BUILD=OFF

cmake --build . --target PACKAGE --config Debug

cd ..
```


#### Icinga 2 in Visual Studio

Navigate to

```
cd %HOMEPATH%\source\repos\icinga2
```

Open `icinga2.sln`. Log into Visual Studio when asked.

On the right panel, select to build the `Bin/icinga-app` solution.

The executable binaries are located in `Bin\Release\Debug` in your `icinga2`
project directory.

Navigate there and run `icinga2.exe --version`.

```
cd %HOMEPATH%\source\repos\icinga2\Bin\Release\Debug
icinga2.exe --version
```


#### Release Package

CMake uses CPack and NSIS to create the setup executable including all binaries and libraries
in addition to setup dialogues and configuration. Therefore we’ll need to install [NSIS](http://nsis.sourceforge.net/Download)
first.

We also need to install the Windows Installer XML (WIX) toolset.

```
choco install -y wixtoolset
```

Once completed open an administrative shell and navigate to your Visual Studio project.

Let CMake to build a release package.

```
cd %HOMEPATH%\source\repos\icinga2
cmake --build debug --target PACKAGE --config Release
```

Note: This will still use the debug builds. A yet more clean approach
is to run CMake with changed release parameters beforehand and then
re-run the release package builder.

```
cd %HOMEPATH%\source\repos\icinga2
mkdir release
cd release

cmake .. -DCPACK_GENERATOR=WIX -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBOOST_ROOT=C:\boost_1_69_0 -DBISON_EXECUTABLE=C:\ProgramData\chocolatey\lib\winflexbison\tools\win_bison.exe -DFLEX_EXECUTABLE=C:\ProgramData\chocolatey\lib\winflexbison\tools\win_flex.exe -DICINGA2_WITH_MYSQL=OFF -DICINGA2_WITH_PGSQL=OFF -DICINGA2_UNITY_BUILD=OFF
cd ..

cmake --build release --target PACKAGE --config Release
```

Again, put these lines into a batch/Powershell script and execute that.

```
@echo off
cd icinga2

mkdir release
cd release

del CMakeCache.txt

; set gen=Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64
set gen=Visual Studio 15 2017

cmake .. -G "%gen%" -DCPACK_GENERATOR=WIX -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RelWithDebInfo -DBOOST_ROOT=C:\boost_1_69_0 -DBOOST_LIBRARYDIR=C:\boost_1_69_0\stage -DBISON_EXECUTABLE=C:\ProgramData\chocolatey\lib\winflexbison\tools\win_bison.exe -DFLEX_EXECUTABLE=C:\ProgramData\chocolatey\lib\winflexbison\tools\win_flex.exe -DICINGA2_WITH_MYSQL=OFF -DICINGA2_WITH_PGSQL=OFF -DICINGA2_UNITY_BUILD=ON
cd ..

cmake --build release --target PACKAGE --config Release

cd ..
```


### Embedded Dev Env: Pi <a id="development-embedded-dev-env"></a>

> **Note**
>
> This isn't officially supported yet, just a few hints how you can do it yourself.

The following examples source from armhf on Raspberry Pi.

#### ccache

```
apt install -y ccache

/usr/sbin/update-ccache-symlinks

echo 'export PATH="/usr/lib/ccache:$PATH"' | tee -a ~/.bashrc

source ~/.bashrc && echo $PATH
```

#### Build

Copy the icinga2 source code into `$HOME/icinga2`. Clone the `deb-icinga2` repository into `debian/`.

```
git clone https://github.com/Icinga/icinga2 $HOME/icinga2
git clone https://github.com/Icinga/deb-icinga2 $HOME/icinga2/debian
```

Then build a Debian package and install it like normal.
```
dpkg-buildpackage -uc -us
```

## Package Builds <a id="development-package-builds"></a>

This documentation is explicitly meant for packagers and the Icinga
build infrastructure.

The following requirements need to be fulfilled in order to build the
Icinga application using a dist tarball (including notes for distributions):

* cmake >= 2.6
* GNU make (make) or ninja-build
* C++ compiler which supports C++11
  * RHEL/Fedora/SUSE: gcc-c++ >= 4.7 (extra Developer Tools on RHEL5/6 see below)
  * Debian/Ubuntu: build-essential
  * Alpine: build-base
  * you can also use clang++
* pkg-config
* OpenSSL library and header files >= 1.0.1
  * RHEL/Fedora: openssl-devel
  * SUSE: libopenssl-devel
  * Debian/Ubuntu: libssl-dev
  * Alpine: libressl-dev
* Boost library and header files >= 1.66.0
  * RHEL/Fedora: boost166-devel
  * Debian/Ubuntu: libboost-all-dev
  * Alpine: boost-dev
* GNU bison (bison)
* GNU flex (flex) >= 2.5.35
* systemd headers
  * Only required when using systemd
  * Debian/Ubuntu: libsystemd-dev
  * RHEL/Fedora: systemd-devel

### Optional features <a id="development-package-builds-optional-features"></a>

* MySQL (disable with CMake variable `ICINGA2_WITH_MYSQL` to `OFF`)
  * RHEL/Fedora: mysql-devel
  * SUSE: libmysqlclient-devel
  * Debian/Ubuntu: default-libmysqlclient-dev | libmysqlclient-dev
  * Alpine: mariadb-dev
* PostgreSQL (disable with CMake variable `ICINGA2_WITH_PGSQL` to `OFF`)
  * RHEL/Fedora: postgresql-devel
  * Debian/Ubuntu: libpq-dev
  * postgresql-dev on Alpine
* libedit (CLI console)
  * RHEL/Fedora: libedit-devel on CentOS (RHEL requires rhel-7-server-optional-rpms)
  * Debian/Ubuntu/Alpine: libedit-dev
* Termcap (only required if libedit doesn't already link against termcap/ncurses)
  * RHEL/Fedora: libtermcap-devel
  * Debian/Ubuntu: (not necessary)

### Special requirements <a id="development-package-builds-special-requirements"></a>

**FreeBSD**: libexecinfo (automatically used when Icinga 2 is installed via port or package)

**RHEL6**: Requires a newer boost version which is available on packages.icinga.com
with a version suffixed name.

### Runtime user environment <a id="development-package-builds-runtime-user-env"></a>

By default Icinga will run as user `icinga` and group `icinga`. Additionally the
external command pipe and livestatus features require a dedicated command group
`icingacmd`. You can choose your own user/group names and pass them to CMake
using the `ICINGA2_USER`, `ICINGA2_GROUP` and `ICINGA2_COMMAND_GROUP` variables.

```
# groupadd icinga
# groupadd icingacmd
# useradd -c "icinga" -s /sbin/nologin -G icingacmd -g icinga icinga
```

On Alpine (which uses ash busybox) you can run:

```
# addgroup -S icinga
# addgroup -S icingacmd
# adduser -S -D -H -h /var/spool/icinga2 -s /sbin/nologin -G icinga -g icinga icinga
# adduser icinga icingacmd
```

Add the web server user to the icingacmd group in order to grant it write
permissions to the external command pipe and livestatus socket:

```
# usermod -a -G icingacmd www-data
```

Make sure to replace "www-data" with the name of the user your web server
is running as.

### Building Icinga 2: Example <a id="development-package-builds-example"></a>

Once you have installed all the necessary build requirements you can build
Icinga 2 using the following commands:

```
$ mkdir release && cd release
$ cmake ..
$ cd ..
$ make -C release
$ make install -C release
```

You can specify an alternative installation prefix using `-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX`:

```
$ cmake .. -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/tmp/icinga2
```

### CMake Variables <a id="development-package-builds-cmake-variables"></a>

In addition to `CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX` here are most of the supported Icinga-specific cmake variables.

For all variables regarding defaults paths on in CMake, see
[GNUInstallDirs](https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/module/GNUInstallDirs.html).

Also see `CMakeLists.txt` for details.

#### System Environment

* `CMAKE_INSTALL_SYSCONFDIR`: The configuration directory; defaults to `CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX/etc`
* `CMAKE_INSTALL_LOCALSTATEDIR`: The state directory; defaults to `CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX/var`
* `ICINGA2_CONFIGDIR`: Main config directory; defaults to `CMAKE_INSTALL_SYSCONFDIR/icinga2` usually `/etc/icinga2`
* `ICINGA2_CACHEDIR`: Directory for cache files; defaults to `CMAKE_INSTALL_LOCALSTATEDIR/cache/icinga2` usually `/var/cache/icinga2`
* `ICINGA2_DATADIR`: Data directory  for the daemon; defaults to `CMAKE_INSTALL_LOCALSTATEDIR/lib/icinga2` usually `/var/lib/icinga2`
* `ICINGA2_LOGDIR`: Logfiles of the daemon; defaults to `CMAKE_INSTALL_LOCALSTATEDIR/log/icinga2 usually `/var/log/icinga2`
* `ICINGA2_SPOOLDIR`: Spooling directory ; defaults to `CMAKE_INSTALL_LOCALSTATEDIR/spool/icinga2` usually `/var/spool/icinga2`
* `ICINGA2_INITRUNDIR`: Runtime data for the init system; defaults to `CMAKE_INSTALL_LOCALSTATEDIR/run/icinga2` usually `/run/icinga2`
* `ICINGA2_GIT_VERSION_INFO`: Whether to use Git to determine the version number; defaults to `ON`
* `ICINGA2_USER`: The user Icinga 2 should run as; defaults to `icinga`
* `ICINGA2_GROUP`: The group Icinga 2 should run as; defaults to `icinga`
* `ICINGA2_COMMAND_GROUP`: The command group Icinga 2 should use; defaults to `icingacmd`
* `ICINGA2_SYSCONFIGFILE`: Where to put the config file the initscript/systemd pulls it's dirs from;
* defaults to `CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX/etc/sysconfig/icinga2`
* `ICINGA2_PLUGINDIR`: The path for the Monitoring Plugins project binaries; defaults to `/usr/lib/nagios/plugins`

#### Build Optimization

* `ICINGA2_UNITY_BUILD`: Whether to perform a unity build; defaults to `ON`. Note: This requires additional memory and is not advised for building VMs, Docker for Mac and embedded hardware.
* `ICINGA2_LTO_BUILD`: Whether to use link time optimization (LTO); defaults to `OFF`

#### Init System

* `USE_SYSTEMD=ON|OFF`: Use systemd or a classic SysV initscript; defaults to `OFF`
* `INSTALL_SYSTEMD_SERVICE_AND_INITSCRIPT=ON|OFF` Force install both the systemd service definition file
  and the SysV initscript in parallel, regardless of how `USE_SYSTEMD` is set.
  Only use this for special packaging purposes and if you know what you are doing.
  Defaults to `OFF`.

#### Features

* `ICINGA2_WITH_CHECKER`: Determines whether the checker module is built; defaults to `ON`
* `ICINGA2_WITH_COMPAT`: Determines whether the compat module is built; defaults to `ON`
* `ICINGA2_WITH_LIVESTATUS`: Determines whether the Livestatus module is built; defaults to `ON`
* `ICINGA2_WITH_NOTIFICATION`: Determines whether the notification module is built; defaults to `ON`
* `ICINGA2_WITH_PERFDATA`: Determines whether the perfdata module is built; defaults to `ON`
* `ICINGA2_WITH_TESTS`: Determines whether the unit tests are built; defaults to `ON`

#### MySQL or MariaDB

The following settings can be tuned for the MySQL / MariaDB IDO feature.

* `ICINGA2_WITH_MYSQL`: Determines whether the MySQL IDO module is built; defaults to `ON`
* `MYSQL_CLIENT_LIBS`: Client implementation used (mysqlclient / mariadbclient); defaults searches for `mysqlclient` and `mariadbclient`
* `MYSQL_INCLUDE_DIR`: Directory containing include files for the mysqlclient; default empty -
  checking multiple paths like `/usr/include/mysql`

See [FindMySQL.cmake](https://github.com/Icinga/icinga2/blob/master/third-party/cmake/FindMySQL.cmake)
for implementation details.

#### PostgreSQL

The following settings can be tuned for the PostgreSQL IDO feature.

* `ICINGA2_WITH_PGSQL`: Determines whether the PostgreSQL IDO module is built; defaults to `ON`
* `PostgreSQL_INCLUDE_DIR`: Top-level directory containing the PostgreSQL include directories
* `PostgreSQL_LIBRARY`: File path to PostgreSQL library : libpq.so (or libpq.so.[ver] file)

See [FindPostgreSQL.cmake](https://github.com/Icinga/icinga2/blob/master/third-party/cmake/FindPostgreSQL.cmake)
for implementation details.

#### Version detection

CMake determines the Icinga 2 version number using `git describe` if the
source directory is contained in a Git repository. Otherwise the version number
is extracted from the [VERSION](VERSION) file. This behavior can be
overridden by creating a file called `icinga-version.h.force` in the source
directory. Alternatively the `-DICINGA2_GIT_VERSION_INFO=OFF` option for CMake
can be used to disable the usage of `git describe`.


### Building RPMs <a id="development-package-builds-rpms"></a>

#### Build Environment on RHEL, CentOS, Fedora, Amazon Linux

Setup your build environment:

```
yum -y install rpmdevtools
```

#### Build Environment on SuSE/SLES

SLES:

```
zypper addrepo http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:tools/SLE_12_SP4/devel:tools.repo
zypper refresh
zypper install rpmdevtools spectool
```

OpenSuSE:

```
zypper addrepo http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:tools/openSUSE_Leap_15.0/devel:tools.repo
zypper refresh
zypper install rpmdevtools spectool
```

#### Package Builds <a id="development-package-builds-rpms-package-builds"></a>

Prepare the rpmbuild directory tree:

```
cd $HOME
rpmdev-setuptree
```

Snapshot builds:

```
curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Icinga/rpm-icinga2/master/icinga2.spec -o $HOME/rpmbuild/SPECS/icinga2.spec
```

> **Note**
>
> The above command builds snapshot packages. Change to the `release` branch
> for release package builds.

Copy the tarball to `rpmbuild/SOURCES` e.g. by using the `spectool` binary
provided with `rpmdevtools`:

```
cd $HOME/rpmbuild/SOURCES
spectool -g ../SPECS/icinga2.spec

cd $HOME/rpmbuild
```

Install the build dependencies. Example for CentOS 7:

```
yum -y install libedit-devel ncurses-devel gcc-c++ libstdc++-devel openssl-devel \
cmake flex bison boost-devel systemd mysql-devel postgresql-devel httpd \
selinux-policy-devel checkpolicy selinux-policy selinux-policy-doc
```

Note: If you are using Amazon Linux, systemd is not required.

A shorter way is available using the `yum-builddep` command on RHEL based systems:

```
yum-builddep SPECS/icinga2.spec
```

Build the RPM:

```
rpmbuild -ba SPECS/icinga2.spec
```

#### Additional Hints <a id="development-package-builds-rpms-additional-hints"></a>

##### SELinux policy module

The following packages are required to build the SELinux policy module:

* checkpolicy
* selinux-policy (selinux-policy on CentOS 6, selinux-policy-devel on CentOS 7)
* selinux-policy-doc

##### RHEL/CentOS 6

The RedHat Developer Toolset is required for building Icinga 2 beforehand.
This contains a modern version of flex and a C++ compiler which supports
C++11 features.
```
cat >/etc/yum.repos.d/devtools-2.repo <<REPO
[testing-devtools-2-centos-\$releasever]
name=testing 2 devtools for CentOS $releasever
baseurl=https://people.centos.org/tru/devtools-2/\$releasever/\$basearch/RPMS
gpgcheck=0
REPO
```

Dependencies to devtools-2 are used in the RPM SPEC, so the correct tools
should be used for building.

As an alternative, you can use newer Boost packages provided on
[packages.icinga.com](https://packages.icinga.com/epel).
```
cat >$HOME/.rpmmacros <<MACROS
%build_icinga_org 1
MACROS
```

##### Amazon Linux

If you prefer to build packages offline, a suitable Vagrant box is located
[here](https://atlas.hashicorp.com/mvbcoding/boxes/awslinux/).

### Build Debian/Ubuntu packages <a id="development-package-builds-deb"></a>

Setup your build environment on Debian/Ubuntu, copy the 'debian' directory from
the Debian packaging Git repository (https://github.com/Icinga/deb-icinga2)
into your source tree and run the following command:

```
dpkg-buildpackage -uc -us
```

### Build Alpine Linux packages <a id="development-package-builds-alpine"></a>

A simple way to setup a build environment is installing Alpine in a chroot.
In this way, you can set up an Alpine build environment in a chroot under a
different Linux distro.
There is a script that simplifies these steps with just two commands, and
can be found [here](https://github.com/alpinelinux/alpine-chroot-install).

Once the build environment is installed, you can setup the system to build
the packages by following [this document](https://wiki.alpinelinux.org/wiki/Creating_an_Alpine_package).

### Build Post Install Tasks <a id="development-package-builds-post-install-tasks"></a>

After building Icinga 2 yourself, your package build system should at least run the following post
install requirements:

* enable the `checker`, `notification` and `mainlog` feature by default
* run 'icinga2 api setup' in order to enable the `api` feature and generate SSL certificates for the node

### Run Icinga 2 <a id="development-package-builds-run-icinga"></a>

Icinga 2 comes with a binary that takes care of loading all the relevant
components (e.g. for check execution, notifications, etc.):

```
icinga2 daemon

[2016-12-08 16:44:24 +0100] information/cli: Icinga application loader (version: v2.5.4-231-gb10a6b7; debug)
[2016-12-08 16:44:24 +0100] information/cli: Loading configuration file(s).
[2016-12-08 16:44:25 +0100] information/ConfigItem: Committing config item(s).
...
```

#### Init Script <a id="development-package-builds-init-script"></a>

Icinga 2 can be started as a daemon using the provided init script:

```
/etc/init.d/icinga2
Usage: /etc/init.d/icinga2 {start|stop|restart|reload|checkconfig|status}
```

#### Systemd <a id="development-package-builds-systemd"></a>

If your distribution uses systemd:

```
systemctl {start|stop|reload|status|enable|disable} icinga2
```

In case the distribution is running systemd >227, you'll also
need to package and install the `etc/initsystem/icinga2.service.limits.conf`
file into `/etc/systemd/system/icinga2.service.d`.

#### openrc <a id="development-package-builds-openrc"></a>

Or if your distribution uses openrc (like Alpine):

```
rc-service icinga2
Usage: /etc/init.d/icinga2 {start|stop|restart|reload|checkconfig|status}
```

Note: the openrc's init.d is not shipped by default.
A working init.d with openrc can be found here: (https://git.alpinelinux.org/cgit/aports/plain/community/icinga2/icinga2.initd). If you have customized some path, edit the file and adjust it according with your setup.
Those few steps can be followed:

```
wget https://git.alpinelinux.org/cgit/aports/plain/community/icinga2/icinga2.initd
mv icinga2.initd /etc/init.d/icinga2
chmod +x /etc/init.d/icinga2
```

Icinga 2 reads a single configuration file which is used to specify all
configuration settings (global settings, hosts, services, etc.). The
configuration format is explained in detail in the [doc/](doc/) directory.

By default `make install` installs example configuration files in
`/usr/local/etc/icinga2` unless you have specified a different prefix or
sysconfdir.


### Windows Builds <a id="development-package-builds-windows"></a>

The Windows MSI packages are located at https://packages.icinga.com/windows/

#### Requirements <a id="development-package-builds-windows-requirements"></a>

* 32 or 64-bit system
* Visual Studio >= 14 2015
* CMake >= 2.6
* OpenSSL >= 1.0.1
* Flex and Bison

##### Visual Studio

Download the community edition from [visualstudio.com](https://www.visualstudio.com/en/downloads/)

Workloads to install:
* C++ Desktop
* .NET Desktop

##### OpenSSL for Icinga

Download custom OpenSSL builds from [openssl-windows GitHub project](https://github.com/Icinga/openssl-windows/releases).

You need to install a binary dist version to 'C:\\Program Files\\OpenSSL'.

The Powershell script `.\tools\win32\download-openssl.ps1` can be used for automated downloads.

##### Chocolatey

A simple package manager for Windows, please see [install instructions](https://chocolatey.org/install).

##### Git

Use Chocolatey, see [package details](https://chocolatey.org/packages/git).

```
choco install git
```

##### Flex / Bison

Use Chocolatey, see [package details](https://chocolatey.org/packages/winflexbison3).

```
choco install winflexbison3
```

##### CMake

Use Chocolatey, see [package details](https://chocolatey.org/packages/cmake)
or download from: [cmake.org](https://cmake.org/download/)

```
choco install cmake
```

##### WIX

Use Chocolatey, see [package details](https://chocolatey.org/packages/wixtoolset).

```
choco install wixtoolset
```

##### Boost

Download third party Windows binaries from: [boost.org](http://www.boost.org/users/download/)

For example: `https://dl.bintray.com/boostorg/release/1.65.1/binaries/boost_1_65_1-msvc-14.1-64.exe`

*Warning:*
* Must match your Visual Studio version!
* CMake might not support the latest Boost version (we used CMake 3.10 and Boost 1_65_1)

Run the installer exe.


#### Build Icinga 2

Run with VC Native x64 Command Prompt:

```
powershell .\tools\win32\configure.ps1
powershell .\tools\win32\build.ps1
powershell .\tools\win32\test.ps1
```

See these scripts for details.

#### CI: AppVeyor

We are building [Icinga 2 with AppVeyor](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/icinga/icinga2) for testing and CI integration.

Please check `appveyor.yml` for instructions.



## Advanced Development Tips <a id="development-advanced"></a>

### GDB Pretty Printers <a id="development-advanced-gdb-pretty-printer"></a>

Install the `boost`, `python` and `icinga2` pretty printers. Absolute paths are required,
so please make sure to update the installation paths accordingly (`pwd`).

```
$ mkdir -p ~/.gdb_printers && cd ~/.gdb_printers
```

Boost Pretty Printers compatible with Python 3:

```
$ git clone https://github.com/mateidavid/Boost-Pretty-Printer.git && cd Boost-Pretty-Printer
$ git checkout python-3
$ pwd
/home/michi/.gdb_printers/Boost-Pretty-Printer
```

Python Pretty Printers:

```
$ cd ~/.gdb_printers
$ svn co svn://gcc.gnu.org/svn/gcc/trunk/libstdc++-v3/python
```

Icinga 2 Pretty Printers:

```
$ mkdir -p ~/.gdb_printers/icinga2 && cd ~/.gdb_printers/icinga2
$ wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Icinga/icinga2/master/tools/debug/gdb/icingadbg.py
```

Now you'll need to modify/setup your `~/.gdbinit` configuration file.
You can download the one from Icinga 2 and modify all paths.

Example on Fedora 22:

```
$ wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Icinga/icinga2/master/tools/debug/gdb/gdbinit -O ~/.gdbinit
$ vim ~/.gdbinit

set print pretty on

python
import sys
sys.path.insert(0, '/home/michi/.gdb_printers/icinga2')
from icingadbg import register_icinga_printers
register_icinga_printers()
end

python
import sys
sys.path.insert(0, '/home/michi/.gdb_printers/python')
from libstdcxx.v6.printers import register_libstdcxx_printers
try:
    register_libstdcxx_printers(None)
except:
    pass
end

python
import sys
sys.path.insert(0, '/home/michi/.gdb_printers/Boost-Pretty-Printer')
import boost_print
boost_print.register_printers()
end
```

If you are getting the following error when running gdb, the `libstdcxx`
printers are already preloaded in your environment and you can remove
the duplicate import in your `~/.gdbinit` file.

```
RuntimeError: pretty-printer already registered: libstdc++-v6
```