Merge pull request #4956 from TheFlyingCorpse/fix/persistent-comments-are-not-persistent

[icinga2] / doc / 12-icinga2-api.md

# <a id="icinga2-api"></a> Icinga 2 API

## <a id="icinga2-api-setup"></a> Setting up the API

You can run the CLI command `icinga2 api setup` to enable the
`api` [feature](11-cli-commands.md#enable-features) and set up
certificates as well as a new API user `root` with an auto-generated password in the
`/etc/icinga2/conf.d/api-users.conf` configuration file:

    # icinga2 api setup

Make sure to restart Icinga 2 to enable the changes you just made:

    # service icinga2 restart

If you prefer to set up the API manually, you will have to perform the following steps:

* Set up X.509 certificates for Icinga 2
* Enable the `api` feature (`icinga2 feature enable api`)
* Create an `ApiUser` object for authentication

The next chapter provides a quick overview of how you can use the API.

## <a id="icinga2-api-introduction"></a> Introduction

The Icinga 2 API allows you to manage configuration objects
and resources in a simple, programmatic way using HTTP requests.

The URL endpoints are logically separated allowing you to easily
make calls to

* query, create, modify and delete [config objects](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-config-objects)
* perform [actions](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-actions) (reschedule checks, etc.)
* subscribe to [event streams](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-event-streams)
* [manage configuration packages](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-config-management)
* evaluate [script expressions](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-console)

### <a id="icinga2-api-requests"></a> Requests

Any tool capable of making HTTP requests can communicate with
the API, for example [curl](https://curl.haxx.se/).

Requests are only allowed to use the HTTPS protocol so that
traffic remains encrypted.

By default the Icinga 2 API listens on port `5665` which is shared with
the cluster stack. The port can be changed by setting the `bind_port` attribute
for the [ApiListener](9-object-types.md#objecttype-apilistener)
object in the `/etc/icinga2/features-available/api.conf`
configuration file.

Supported request methods:

  Method | Usage
  -------|--------
  GET    | Retrieve information about configuration objects. Any request using the GET method is read-only and does not affect any objects.
  POST   | Update attributes of a specified configuration object.
  PUT    | Create a new object. The PUT request must include all attributes required to create a new object.
  DELETE | Remove an object created by the API. The DELETE method is idempotent and does not require any check if the object actually exists.

All requests apart from `GET` require that the following `Accept` header is set:

    Accept: application/json

Each URL is prefixed with the API version (currently "/v1").

### <a id="icinga2-api-responses"></a> Responses

Successful requests will send back a response body containing a `results`
list. Depending on the number of affected objects in your request, the
`results` list may contain more than one entry.

The output will be sent back as a JSON object:


    {
        "results": [
            {
                "code": 200.0,
                "status": "Object was created."
            }
        ]
    }

Tip: If you are working on the CLI with curl you can also use [jq](https://stedolan.github.io/jq/)
to format the returned JSON output in a readable manner. The documentation
prefers `python -m json.tool` as Python is available nearly everywhere.

> **Note**
>
> Future versions of Icinga 2 might set additional fields. Your application
> should gracefully handle fields it is not familiar with, for example by
> ignoring them.

### <a id="icinga2-api-http-statuses"></a> HTTP Statuses

The API will return standard [HTTP statuses](https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt)
including error codes.

When an error occurs, the response body will contain additional information
about the problem and its source.

A status code between 200 and 299 generally means that the request was
successful.

Return codes within the 400 range indicate that there was a problem with the
request. Either you did not authenticate correctly, you are missing the authorization
for your requested action, the requested object does not exist or the request
was malformed.

A status in the range of 500 generally means that there was a server-side problem
and Icinga 2 is unable to process your request.

### <a id="icinga2-api-authentication"></a> Authentication

There are two different ways for authenticating against the Icinga 2 API:

* username and password using HTTP basic auth
* X.509 certificate

In order to configure a new API user you'll need to add a new [ApiUser](9-object-types.md#objecttype-apiuser)
configuration object. In this example `root` will be the basic auth username
and the `password` attribute contains the basic auth password.

    # vim /etc/icinga2/conf.d/api-users.conf

    object ApiUser "root" {
      password = "icinga"
    }

Alternatively you can use X.509 client certificates by specifying the `client_cn`
the API should trust. The X.509 certificate has to be signed by the CA certificate
that is configured in the [ApiListener](9-object-types.md#objecttype-apilistener) object.

    # vim /etc/icinga2/conf.d/api-users.conf

    object ApiUser "root" {
      client_cn = "CertificateCommonName"
    }

An `ApiUser` object can have both authentication methods configured.

You can test authentication by sending a GET request to the API:

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga 'https://localhost:5665/v1'

In case you get an error message make sure to check the API user credentials.

When using client certificates for authentication you'll need to pass your client certificate
and private key to the curl call:

    $ curl -k --cert example.localdomain.crt --key example.localdomain.key 'https://example.localdomain:5665/v1/status'

In case of an error make sure to verify the client certificate and CA.

The curl parameter `-k` disables certificate verification and should therefore
only be used for testing. In order to securely check each connection you'll need to
specify the trusted CA certificate using the curl parameter`--cacert`:

    $ curl -u root:icinga --cacert ca.crt 'icinga2.node1.localdomain:5665/v1'

Read the next chapter on [API permissions](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-permissions)
in order to configure authorization settings for your newly created API user.

### <a id="icinga2-api-permissions"></a> Permissions

By default an API user does not have any permissions to perform
actions on the URL endpoints.

Permissions for API users must be specified in the `permissions` attribute
as array. The array items can be a list of permission strings with wildcard
matches.

Example for an API user with all permissions:

    permissions = [ "*" ]

Note that you can use wildcards. Here's another example that only allows the user
to perform read-only object queries for hosts and services:

    permissions = [ "objects/query/Host", "objects/query/Service" ]

You can also further restrict permissions by specifying a filter expression. The
filter expression has to be a [lambda function](17-language-reference.md#nullary-lambdas)
which must return a boolean value.

The following example allows the API user to query all hosts and services which have a
custom attribute `os` that matches the regular expression `^Linux`.
The [regex function](18-library-reference.md#global-functions-regex) is available as global function.

    permissions = [
      {
        permission = "objects/query/Host"
        filter = {{ regex("^Linux", host.vars.os) }}
      },
      {
        permission = "objects/query/Service"
        filter = {{ regex("^Linux", service.vars.os) }}
      }
    ]

More information about filters can be found in the [filters](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-filters) chapter.

Available permissions for specific URL endpoints:

  Permissions                   | URL Endpoint  | Supports Filters
  ------------------------------|---------------|-----------------
  actions/&lt;action&gt;        | /v1/actions   | Yes
  config/query                  | /v1/config    | No
  config/modify                 | /v1/config    | No
  console                       | /v1/console   | No
  events/&lt;type&gt;           | /v1/events    | No
  objects/query/&lt;type&gt;    | /v1/objects   | Yes
  objects/create/&lt;type&gt;   | /v1/objects   | No
  objects/modify/&lt;type&gt;   | /v1/objects   | Yes
  objects/delete/&lt;type&gt;   | /v1/objects   | Yes
  status/query                  | /v1/status    | Yes
  templates/&lt;type&gt;        | /v1/templates | Yes
  types                         | /v1/types     | Yes
  variables                     | /v1/variables | Yes

The required actions or types can be replaced by using a wildcard match ("\*").

### <a id="icinga2-api-parameters"></a> Parameters

Depending on the request method there are two ways of
passing parameters to the request:

* JSON object as request body (all request methods other than `GET`)
* Query string as URL parameter (all request methods)

Reserved characters by the HTTP protocol must be [URL-encoded](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percent-encoding)
as query string, e.g. a space character becomes `%20`.

Example for a URL-encoded query string:

    /v1/objects/hosts?filter=match(%22example.localdomain*%22,host.name)&attrs=name&attrs=state

Here are the exact same query parameters as a JSON object:

    { "filter": "match(\"example.localdomain*\",host.name)", "attrs": [ "host.name", "host.state" ] }

The [match function](18-library-reference.md#global-functions-match) is available as global function
in Icinga 2.

### <a id="icinga2-api-requests-method-override"></a> Request Method Override

`GET` requests do not allow you to send a request body. In case you cannot pass everything as URL
parameters (e.g. complex filters or JSON-encoded dictionaries) you can use the `X-HTTP-Method-Override`
header. This comes in handy when you are using HTTP proxies disallowing `PUT` or `DELETE` requests too.

Query an existing object by sending a `POST` request with `X-HTTP-Method-Override: GET` as request header:

    $ curl -k -s -u 'root:icinga' -H 'Accept: application/json' -X POST -H 'X-HTTP-Method-Override: GET' 'https://localhost:5665/v1/objects/hosts'

Delete an existing object by sending a `POST` request with `X-HTTP-Method-Override: DELETE` as request header:

    $ curl -k -s -u 'root:icinga' -H 'Accept: application/json' -X POST -H 'X-HTTP-Method-Override: DELETE' 'https://localhost:5665/v1/objects/hosts/example.localdomain'

### <a id="icinga2-api-filters"></a> Filters

#### <a id="icinga2-api-simple-filters"></a> Simple Filters

By default actions and queries operate on all objects unless further restricted by the user. For
example, the following query returns all `Host` objects:

    https://localhost:5665/v1/objects/hosts

If you're only interested in a single object, you can limit the output to that object by specifying its name:

    https://localhost:5665/v1/objects/hosts?host=localhost

**The name of the URL parameter is the lower-case version of the type the query applies to.** For
example, for `Host` objects the URL parameter therefore is `host`, for `Service` objects it is
`service` and so on.

You can also specify multiple objects:

    https://localhost:5665/v1/objects/hosts?hosts=first-host&hosts=second-host

Again -- like in the previous example -- the name of the URL parameter is the lower-case version of the type. However, because we're specifying multiple objects here the **plural form** of the type is used.

When specifying names for objects which have composite names like for example services the
full name has to be used:

    https://localhost:5665/v1/objects/services?service=localhost!ping6

The full name of an object can be obtained by looking at the `__name` attribute.

#### <a id="icinga2-api-advanced-filters"></a> Advanced Filters

Most of the information provided in this chapter applies to both permission filters (as used when
configuring `ApiUser` objects) and filters specified in queries.

Advanced filters allow users to filter objects using lambda expressions. The syntax for these filters is the same like for [apply rule expressions](3-monitoring-basics.md#using-apply-expressions).

> **Note**
>
> Filters used as URL parameter must be URL-encoded. The following examples
> are **not URL-encoded** for better readability.

Example matching all services in NOT-OK state:

    https://localhost:5665/v1/objects/services?filter=service.state!=ServiceOK

Example [matching](18-library-reference.md#global-functions-match) all hosts by a name string pattern:

    https://localhost:5665/v1/objects/hosts?filter=match("example.localdomain*",host.name)

Example for all hosts which are in the host group `linux-servers`:

    https://localhost:5665/v1/objects/hosts?filter="linux-servers" in host.groups

User-specified filters are run in a sandbox environment which ensures that filters cannot
modify Icinga's state, for example object attributes or global variables.

When querying objects of a specific type the filter expression is evaluated for each object
of that type. The object is made available to the filter expression as a variable whose name
is the lower-case version of the object's type name.

For example when querying objects of type `Host` the variable in the filter expression is named
`host`. Additionally related objects such as the host's check command are also made available
(e.g., via the `check_command` variable). The variable names are the exact same as for the `joins`
query parameter; see [object query joins](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-config-objects-query-joins)
for details.

The object is also made available via the `obj` variable. This makes it easier to build
filters which can be used for more than one object type (e.g., for permissions).

Some queries can be performed for more than just one object type. One example is the 'reschedule-check'
action which can be used for both hosts and services. When using advanced filters you will also have to specify the
type using the `type` parameter:

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga -H 'Accept: application/json' -X POST 'https://localhost:5665/v1/actions/reschedule-check' \
    -d '{ "type": "Service", "filter": "service.name==\"ping6\"" }' | python -m json.tool

When building filters you have to ensure that values such as
`"linux-servers"` are escaped properly according to the rules of the Icinga 2 configuration
language.

To make using the API in scripts easier you can use the `filter_vars` attribute to specify
variables which should be made available to your filter expression. This way you don't have
to worry about escaping values:

    $ curl -k -s -u 'root:icinga' -H 'Accept: application/json' -H 'X-HTTP-Method-Override: GET' -X POST 'https://localhost:5665/v1/objects/hosts' \
    -d '{ "filter": "host.vars.os == os", "filter_vars": { "os": "Linux" } }'

We're using [X-HTTP-Method-Override](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-requests-method-override) here because
the HTTP specification does not allow message bodies for GET requests.

The `filters_vars` attribute can only be used inside the request body, but not as
a URL parameter because there is no way to specify a dictionary in a URL.

## <a id="icinga2-api-config-objects"></a> Config Objects

Provides methods to manage configuration objects:

* [creating objects](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-config-objects-create)
* [querying objects](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-config-objects-query)
* [modifying objects](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-config-objects-modify)
* [deleting objects](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-config-objects-delete)

### <a id="icinga2-api-config-objects-cluster-sync"></a> API Objects and Cluster Config Sync

Newly created or updated objects can be synced throughout your
Icinga 2 cluster. Set the `zone` attribute to the zone this object
belongs to and let the API and cluster handle the rest.

Objects without a zone attribute are only synced in the same zone the Icinga instance belongs to.

> **Note**
>
> Cluster nodes must accept configuration for creating, modifying
> and deleting objects. Ensure that `accept_config` is set to `true`
> in the [ApiListener](9-object-types.md#objecttype-apilistener) object
> on each node.

If you add a new cluster instance, or reconnect an instance which has been offline
for a while, Icinga 2 takes care of the initial object sync for all objects
created by the API.

### <a id="icinga2-api-config-objects-query"></a> Querying Objects

You can request information about configuration objects by sending
a `GET` query to the `/v1/objects/<type>` URL endpoint. `<type` has
to be replaced with the plural name of the object type you are interested
in:

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga 'https://localhost:5665/v1/objects/hosts'

A list of all available configuration types is available in the
[object types](9-object-types.md#object-types) chapter.

The following URL parameters are available:

  Parameters | Type         | Description
  -----------|--------------|----------------------------
  attrs      | string array | **Optional.** Limits attributes in the output.
  joins      | string array | **Optional.** Join related object types and their attributes (`?joins=host` for the entire set, or selectively by `?joins=host.name`).
  meta       | string array | **Optional.** Enable meta information using `?meta=used_by` (references from other objects) and/or `?meta=location` (location information). Defaults to disabled.

In addition to these parameters a [filter](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-filters) may be provided.

Instead of using a filter you can optionally specify the object name in the
URL path when querying a single object. For objects with composite names
(e.g. services) the full name (e.g. `example.localdomain!http`) must be specified:

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga 'https://localhost:5665/v1/objects/services/example.localdomain!http'

You can limit the output to specific attributes using the `attrs` URL parameter:

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga 'https://localhost:5665/v1/objects/hosts/example.localdomain?attrs=name&attrs=address' | python -m json.tool
    {
        "results": [
            {
                "attrs": {
                    "name": "example.localdomain"
                    "address": "192.168.1.1"
                },
                "joins": {},
                "meta": {},
                "name": "example.localdomain",
                "type": "Host"
            }
        ]
    }

#### <a id="icinga2-api-config-objects-query-result"></a> Object Queries Result

Each response entry in the results array contains the following attributes:

  Attribute  | Type       | Description
  -----------|------------|--------------
  name       | string     | Full object name.
  type       | string     | Object type.
  attrs      | dictionary | Object attributes (can be filtered using the URL parameter `attrs`).
  joins      | dictionary | [Joined object types](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-config-objects-query-joins) as key, attributes as nested dictionary. Disabled by default.
  meta       | dictionary | Contains `used_by` object references. Disabled by default, enable it using `?meta=used_by` as URL parameter.

#### <a id="icinga2-api-config-objects-query-joins"></a> Object Query Joins

Icinga 2 knows about object relations. For example it can optionally return
information about the host when querying service objects.

The following query retrieves all host attributes:

    https://localhost:5665/v1/objects/services?joins=host

Instead of requesting all host attributes you can also limit the output to specific
attributes:

    https://localhost:5665/v1/objects/services?joins=host.name&joins=host.address

You can request that all available joins are returned in the result set by using
the `all_joins` query parameter.

    https://localhost:5665/v1/objects/services?all_joins=1

> **Note**
>
> For performance reasons you should only request attributes which your application
> requires.

The following joins are available:

  Object Type  | Object Relations (`joins` prefix name)
  -------------|------------------------------------------
  Service      | host, check\_command, check\_period, event\_command, command\_endpoint
  Host         | check\_command, check\_period, event\_command, command\_endpoint
  Notification | host, service, command, period
  Dependency   | child\_host, child\_service, parent\_host, parent\_service, period
  User         | period
  Zones        | parent

Here's an example that retrieves all service objects for hosts which have had their `os`
custom attribute set to `Linux`. The result set contains the `display_name` and `check_command`
attributes for the service. The query also returns the host's `name` and `address` attribute
via a join:

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga 'https://localhost:5665/v1/objects/services?attrs=display_name&attrs=check_command&joins=host.name&joins=host.address&filter=host.vars.os==%22Linux%22' | python -m json.tool

    {
        "results": [
            {
                "attrs": {
                    "check_command": "ping4",
                    "display_name": "ping4"
                },
                "joins": {
                    "host": {
                        "address": "192.168.1.1",
                        "name": "example.localdomain"
                    }
                },
                "meta": {},
                "name": "example.localdomain!ping4",
                "type": "Service"
            },
            {
                "attrs": {
                    "check_command": "ssh",
                    "display_name": "ssh"
                },
                "joins": {
                    "host": {
                        "address": "192.168.1.1",
                        "name": "example.localdomain"
                    }
                },
                "meta": {},
                "name": "example.localdomain!ssh",
                "type": "Service"
            }
        ]
    }

In case you want to fetch all [comments](9-object-types.md#objecttype-comment)
for hosts and services, you can use the following query URL (similar example
for downtimes):

   https://localhost:5665/v1/objects/comments?joins=host&joins=service

This is another example for listing all service objects which are unhandled problems (state is not OK
and no downtime or acknowledgement set). We're using [X-HTTP-Method-Override](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-requests-method-override)
here because we want to pass all query attributes in the request body.

   $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga -H 'Accept: application/json' -H 'X-HTTP-Method-Override: GET' -X POST 'https://127.0.0.1:5665/v1/objects/services' \
    -d '{ "joins": [ "host.name", "host.address" ], "attrs": [ "name", "state", "downtime_depth", "acknowledgement" ], "filter": "service.state != ServiceOK && service.downtime_depth == 0.0 && service.acknowledgement == 0.0" }' | python -m json.tool

    {
        "results": [
            {
                "attrs": {
                    "acknowledgement": 0.0,
                    "downtime_depth": 0.0,
                    "name": "10807-service",
                    "state": 3.0
                },
                "joins": {
                    "host": {
                        "address": "",
                        "name": "10807-host"
                    }
                },
                "meta": {},
                "name": "10807-host!10807-service",
                "type": "Service"
            }
        ]
    }


### <a id="icinga2-api-config-objects-create"></a> Creating Config Objects

New objects must be created by sending a PUT request. The following
parameters need to be passed inside the JSON body:

  Parameters | Type         | Description
  -----------|--------------|--------------------------
  templates  | string array | **Optional.** Import existing configuration templates for this object type. Note: These templates must either be statically configured or provided in [config packages](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-config-management)-
  attrs      | dictionary   | **Required.** Set specific object attributes for this [object type](9-object-types.md#object-types).

The object name must be specified as part of the URL path. For objects with composite names (e.g. services)
the full name (e.g. `example.localdomain!http`) must be specified.

If attributes are of the Dictionary type, you can also use the indexer format. This might be necessary to only override specific custom variables and keep all other existing custom variables (e.g. from templates):

    "attrs": { "vars.os": "Linux" }

Example for creating the new host object `example.localdomain`:

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga -H 'Accept: application/json' -X PUT 'https://localhost:5665/v1/objects/hosts/example.localdomain' \
    -d '{ "templates": [ "generic-host" ], "attrs": { "address": "192.168.1.1", "check_command": "hostalive", "vars.os" : "Linux" } }' \
    | python -m json.tool
    {
        "results": [
            {
                "code": 200.0,
                "status": "Object was created."
            }
        ]
    }

If the configuration validation fails, the new object will not be created and the response body
contains a detailed error message. The following example is missing the `check_command` attribute
which is required for host objects:

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga -H 'Accept: application/json' -X PUT 'https://localhost:5665/v1/objects/hosts/example.localdomain' \
    -d '{ "attrs": { "address": "192.168.1.1", "vars.os" : "Linux" } }' \
    | python -m json.tool
    {
        "results": [
            {
                "code": 500.0,
                "errors": [
                    "Error: Validation failed for object 'example.localdomain' of type 'Host'; Attribute 'check_command': Attribute must not be empty."
                ],
                "status": "Object could not be created."
            }
        ]
    }

Service objects must be created using their full name ("hostname!servicename") referencing an existing host object:

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga -H 'Accept: application/json' -X PUT 'https://localhost:5665/v1/objects/services/example.localdomain!realtime-load' \
    -d '{ "templates": [ "generic-service" ], "attrs": { "check_command": "load", "check_interval": 1,"retry_interval": 1 } }'


Example for a new CheckCommand object:

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga -H 'Accept: application/json' -X PUT 'https://localhost:5665/v1/objects/checkcommands/mytest' \
    -d '{ "templates": [ "plugin-check-command" ], "attrs": { "command": [ "/usr/local/sbin/check_http" ], "arguments": { "-I": "$mytest_iparam$" } } }'


### <a id="icinga2-api-config-objects-modify"></a> Modifying Objects

Existing objects must be modified by sending a `POST` request. The following
parameters need to be passed inside the JSON body:

  Parameters | Type       | Description
  -----------|------------|---------------------------
  attrs      | dictionary | **Required.** Set specific object attributes for this [object type](9-object-types.md#object-types).

In addition to these parameters a [filter](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-filters) should be provided.

> **Note**:
>
> Modified attributes do not trigger a re-evaluation of existing
> static [apply rules](3-monitoring-basics.md#using-apply) and [group assignments](3-monitoring-basics.md#group-assign-intro).
> Delete and re-create the objects if you require such changes.
>
> Furthermore you cannot modify templates which have already been resolved
> during [object creation](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-config-objects-create).
> There are attributes which can only be set for [PUT requests](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-config-objects-create) such as `groups`
> or `zone`. A complete list of `no_user_modify` attributes can be fetched from the [types](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-types) URL endpoint.

If attributes are of the Dictionary type, you can also use the indexer format:

    "attrs": { "vars.os": "Linux" }

The following example updates the `address` attribute and the custom attribute `os` for the `example.localdomain` host:

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga -H 'Accept: application/json' -X POST 'https://localhost:5665/v1/objects/hosts/example.localdomain' \
    -d '{ "attrs": { "address": "192.168.1.2", "vars.os" : "Windows" } }' \
    | python -m json.tool
    {
        "results": [
            {
                "code": 200.0,
                "name": "example.localdomain",
                "status": "Attributes updated.",
                "type": "Host"
            }
        ]
    }


### <a id="icinga2-api-config-objects-delete"></a> Deleting Objects

You can delete objects created using the API by sending a `DELETE`
request.

  Parameters | Type    | Description
  -----------|---------|---------------
  cascade    | boolean |  **Optional.** Delete objects depending on the deleted objects (e.g. services on a host).

In addition to these parameters a [filter](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-filters) should be provided.

Example for deleting the host object `example.localdomain`:

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga -H 'Accept: application/json' -X DELETE 'https://localhost:5665/v1/objects/hosts/example.localdomain?cascade=1' | python -m json.tool
    {
        "results": [
            {
                "code": 200.0,
                "name": "example.localdomain",
                "status": "Object was deleted.",
                "type": "Host"
            }
        ]
    }

## <a id="icinga2-api-config-templates"></a> Config Templates

Provides methods to manage configuration templates:

* [querying templates](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-config-templates-query)

Creation, modification and deletion of templates at runtime is not supported.

### <a id="icinga2-api-config-templates-query"></a> Querying Templates

You can request information about configuration templates by sending
a `GET` query to the `/v1/templates/<type>` URL endpoint. `<type` has
to be replaced with the plural name of the object type you are interested
in:

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga 'https://localhost:5665/v1/templates/hosts'

A list of all available configuration types is available in the
[object types](9-object-types.md#object-types) chapter.

A [filter](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-filters) may be provided for this query type. The
template object can be accessed in the filter using the `tmpl` variable. In this
example the [match function](18-library-reference.md#global-functions-match) is used to
check a wildcard string pattern against `tmpl.name`.
The `filter` attribute is passed inside the request body thus requiring to use [X-HTTP-Method-Override](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-requests-method-override)
here.

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga -H 'Accept: application/json' -H 'X-HTTP-Method-Override: GET' -X POST 'https://localhost:5661/v1/templates/hosts' \
    -d '{ "filter": "match(\"g*\", tmpl.name)" }'

Instead of using a filter you can optionally specify the template name in the
URL path when querying a single object:

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga 'https://localhost:5665/v1/templates/hosts/generic-host'

The result set contains the type, name as well as the location of the template.

## <a id="icinga2-api-variables"></a> Variables

Provides methods to manage global variables:

* [querying variables](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-variables-query)

### <a id="icinga2-api-variables-query"></a> Querying Variables

You can request information about global variables by sending
a `GET` query to the `/v1/variables/` URL endpoint:

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga 'https://localhost:5665/v1/variables'

A [filter](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-filters) may be provided for this query type. The
variable information object can be accessed in the filter using the `variable` variable.
The `filter` attribute is passed inside the request body thus requiring to use [X-HTTP-Method-Override](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-requests-method-override)
here.

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga -H 'Accept: application/json' -H 'X-HTTP-Method-Override: GET' -X POST 'https://localhost:5661/v1/variables' \
    -d '{ "filter": "variable.type in [ \"String\", \"Number\" ]" }'

Instead of using a filter you can optionally specify the variable name in the
URL path when querying a single variable:

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga 'https://localhost:5665/v1/variables/PrefixDir'

The result set contains the type, name and value of the global variable.

## <a id="icinga2-api-actions"></a> Actions

There are several actions available for Icinga 2 provided by the `/v1/actions`
URL endpoint. You can run actions by sending a `POST` request.

In case you have been using the [external commands](14-features.md#external-commands)
in the past, the API actions provide a similar interface with filter
capabilities for some of the more common targets which do not directly change
the configuration.

All actions return a 200 `OK` or an appropriate error code for each
action performed on each object matching the supplied filter.

Actions which affect the Icinga Application itself such as disabling
notification on a program-wide basis must be applied by updating the
[IcingaApplication object](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-config-objects)
called `app`.

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga -H 'Accept: application/json' -X POST 'https://localhost:5665/v1/objects/icingaapplications/app' -d '{ "attrs": { "enable_notifications": false } }'

### <a id="icinga2-api-actions-process-check-result"></a> process-check-result

Process a check result for a host or a service.

Send a `POST` request to the URL endpoint `/v1/actions/process-check-result`.

  Parameter         | Type         | Description
  ------------------|--------------|--------------
  exit\_status      | integer      | **Required.** For services: 0=OK, 1=WARNING, 2=CRITICAL, 3=UNKNOWN, for hosts: 0=OK, 1=CRITICAL.
  plugin\_output    | string       | **Required.** The plugins main output. Does **not** contain the performance data.
  performance\_data | string array | **Optional.** The performance data.
  check\_command    | string array | **Optional.** The first entry should be the check commands path, then one entry for each command line option followed by an entry for each of its argument.
  check\_source     | string       | **Optional.** Usually the name of the `command_endpoint`

In addition to these parameters a [filter](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-filters) must be provided. The valid types for this action are `Host` and `Service`.

Example for the service `passive-ping6`:

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga -H 'Accept: application/json' -X POST 'https://localhost:5665/v1/actions/process-check-result?service=example.localdomain!passive-ping6' \
    -d '{ "exit_status": 2, "plugin_output": "PING CRITICAL - Packet loss = 100%", "performance_data": [ "rta=5000.000000ms;3000.000000;5000.000000;0.000000", "pl=100%;80;100;0" ], "check_source": "example.localdomain" }' | python -m json.tool

    {
        "results": [
            {
                "code": 200.0,
                "status": "Successfully processed check result for object 'localdomain!passive-ping6'."
            }
        ]
    }

Example for using the `Host` type and filter by the host name:

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga -H 'Accept: application/json' -X POST 'https://localhost:5665/v1/actions/process-check-result' \
    -d '{ "filter": "host.name==\"example.localdomain\"", "type": "Host", "exit_status": 1, "plugin_output": "Host is not available." }'

You can avoid URL encoding of white spaces in object names by using the `filter` attribute in the request body.

### <a id="icinga2-api-actions-reschedule-check"></a> reschedule-check

Reschedule a check for hosts and services. The check can be forced if required.

Send a `POST` request to the URL endpoint `/v1/actions/reschedule-check`.

  Parameter    | Type      | Description
  -------------|-----------|--------------
  next\_check  | timestamp | **Optional.** The next check will be run at this time. If omitted, the current time is used.
  force\_check | boolean   | **Optional.** Defaults to `false`. If enabled, the checks are executed regardless of time period restrictions and checks being disabled per object or on a global basis.

In addition to these parameters a [filter](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-filters) must be provided. The valid types for this action are `Host` and `Service`.

The example reschedules all services with the name "ping6" to immediately perform a check
(`next_check` default), ignoring any time periods or whether active checks are
allowed for the service (`force_check=true`).

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga -H 'Accept: application/json' -X POST 'https://localhost:5665/v1/actions/reschedule-check' \
    -d '{ "type": "Service", "filter": "service.name==\"ping6\"", "force_check": true }' | python -m json.tool

    {
        "results": [
            {
                "code": 200.0,
                "status": "Successfully rescheduled check for object 'example.localdomain!ping6'."
            }
        ]
    }


### <a id="icinga2-api-actions-send-custom-notification"></a> send-custom-notification

Send a custom notification for hosts and services. This notification
type can be forced being sent to all users.

Send a `POST` request to the URL endpoint `/v1/actions/send-custom-notification`.

  Parameter | Type    | Description
  ----------|---------|--------------
  author    | string  | **Required.** Name of the author, may be empty.
  comment   | string  | **Required.** Comment text, may be empty.
  force     | boolean | **Optional.** Default: false. If true, the notification is sent regardless of downtimes or whether notifications are enabled or not.

In addition to these parameters a [filter](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-filters) must be provided. The valid types for this action are `Host` and `Service`.

Example for a custom host notification announcing a global maintenance to
host owners:

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga -H 'Accept: application/json' -X POST 'https://localhost:5665/v1/actions/send-custom-notification' \
    -d '{ "type": "Host", "author": "icingaadmin", "comment": "System is going down for maintenance", "force": true }' | python -m json.tool

    {
        "results": [
            {
                "code": 200.0,
                "status": "Successfully sent custom notification for object 'host0'."
            },
            {
                "code": 200.0,
                "status": "Successfully sent custom notification for object 'host1'."
            }
    }

### <a id="icinga2-api-actions-delay-notification"></a> delay-notification

Delay notifications for a host or a service.
Note that this will only have an effect if the service stays in the same problem
state that it is currently in. If the service changes to another state, a new
notification may go out before the time you specify in the `timestamp` argument.

Send a `POST` request to the URL endpoint `/v1/actions/delay-notification`.

  Parameter | Type      | Description
  ----------|-----------|--------------
  timestamp | timestamp | **Required.** Delay notifications until this timestamp.

In addition to these parameters a [filter](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-filters) must be provided. The valid types for this action are `Host` and `Service`.

Example:

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga -H 'Accept: application/json' -X POST 'https://localhost:5665/v1/actions/delay-notification' \
    -d '{ "type": "Service", "timestamp": 1446389894 }' | python -m json.tool

    {
        "results": [
            {
                "code": 200.0,
                "status": "Successfully delayed notifications for object 'host0!service0'."
            },
            {
                "code": 200.0,
                "status": "Successfully delayed notifications for object 'host1!service1'."
            }
    }

### <a id="icinga2-api-actions-acknowledge-problem"></a> acknowledge-problem

Allows you to acknowledge the current problem for hosts or services. By
acknowledging the current problem, future notifications (for the same state if `sticky` is set to `false`)
are disabled.

Send a `POST` request to the URL endpoint `/v1/actions/acknowledge-problem`.

  Parameter            | Type      | Description
  ---------------------|-----------|--------------
  author               | string    | **Required.** Name of the author, may be empty.
  comment              | string    | **Required.** Comment text, may be empty.
  expiry               | timestamp | **Optional.** Whether the acknowledgement will be removed at the timestamp.
  sticky               | boolean   | **Optional.** Whether the acknowledgement will be set until the service or host fully recovers. Defaults to `false`.
  notify               | boolean   | **Optional.** Whether a notification of the `Acknowledgement` type will be sent. Defaults to `false`.
  persistent           | boolean   | **Optional.** When the comment is of type `Acknowledgement` and this is set to `true`, the comment will remain after the acknowledgement recovers or expires. Defaults to `false`.

In addition to these parameters a [filter](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-filters) must be provided. The valid types for this action are `Host` and `Service`.

The following example acknowledges all services which are in a hard critical state and sends out
a notification for them:

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga -H 'Accept: application/json' -X POST 'https://localhost:5665/v1/actions/acknowledge-problem?type=Service&filter=service.state==2&service.state_type=1' \
    -d '{ "author": "icingaadmin", "comment": "Global outage. Working on it.", "notify": true }' | python -m json.tool

    {
        "results": [
            {
                "code": 200.0,
                "status": "Successfully acknowledged problem for object 'example2.localdomain!ping4'."
            },
            {
                "code": 200.0,
                "status": "Successfully acknowledged problem for object 'example.localdomain!ping4'."
            }
    }


### <a id="icinga2-api-actions-remove-acknowledgement"></a> remove-acknowledgement

Removes the acknowledgements for services or hosts. Once the acknowledgement has
been removed notifications will be sent out again.

Send a `POST` request to the URL endpoint `/v1/actions/remove-acknowledgement`.

A [filter](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-filters) must be provided. The valid types for this action are `Host` and `Service`.

The example removes all service acknowledgements:

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga -H 'Accept: application/json' -X POST 'https://localhost:5665/v1/actions/remove-acknowledgement?type=Service' | python -m json.tool

    {
        "results": [
            {
                "code": 200.0,
                "status": "Successfully removed acknowledgement for object 'host0!service0'."
            },
            {
                "code": 200.0,
                "status": "Successfully removed acknowledgement for object 'example2.localdomain!aws-health'."
            }
    }

### <a id="icinga2-api-actions-add-comment"></a> add-comment

Adds a `comment` from an `author` to services or hosts.

Send a `POST` request to the URL endpoint `/v1/actions/add-comment`.

  Parameter | Type   | Description
  ----------|--------|--------------
  author    | string | **Required.** Name of the author, may be empty.
  comment   | string | **Required.** Comment text, may be empty.

In addition to these parameters a [filter](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-filters) must be provided. The valid types for this action are `Host` and `Service`.

The following example adds a comment for all `ping4` services:

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga -H 'Accept: application/json' -X POST 'https://localhost:5665/v1/actions/add-comment?type=Service&filter=service.name==%22ping4%22' -d '{ "author": "icingaadmin", "comment": "Troubleticket #123456789 opened." }' | python -m json.tool
    {
        "results": [
            {
                "code": 200.0,
                "legacy_id": 26.0,
                "name": "example.localdomain!ping4!example.localdomain-1446824161-0",
                "status": "Successfully added comment 'example.localdomain!ping4!example.localdomain-1446824161-0' for object 'example.localdomain!ping4'."
            },
            {
                "code": 200.0,
                "legacy_id": 27.0,
                "name": "example2.localdomain!ping4!example.localdomain-1446824161-1",
                "status": "Successfully added comment 'example2.localdomain!ping4!example.localdomain-1446824161-1' for object 'example2.localdomain!ping4'."
            }
        ]
    }

### <a id="icinga2-api-actions-remove-comment"></a> remove-comment

Remove the comment using its `name` attribute , returns `OK` if the
comment did not exist.
**Note**: This is **not** the legacy ID but the comment name returned by
Icinga 2 when [adding a comment](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-actions-add-comment).

Send a `POST` request to the URL endpoint `/v1/actions/remove-comment`.

A [filter](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-filters) must be provided. The valid types for this action are `Host`, `Service` and `Comment`.

Example for a simple filter using the `comment` URL parameter:

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga -H 'Accept: application/json' -X POST 'https://localhost:5665/v1/actions/remove-comment?comment=example2.localdomain!ping4!mbmif.local-1446986367-0' | python -m json.tool
    {
        "results": [
            {
                "code": 200.0,
                "status": "Successfully removed comment 'example2.localdomain!ping4!mbmif.local-1446986367-0'."
            }
        ]
    }

Example for removing all service comments using a service name filter for `ping4`:

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga -H 'Accept: application/json' -X POST 'https://localhost:5665/v1/actions/remove-comment?filter=service.name==%22ping4%22&type=Service' | python -m json.tool
    {
        "results": [
            {
                "code": 200.0,
                "status": "Successfully removed all comments for object 'example2.localdomain!ping4'."
            },
            {
                "code": 200.0,
                "status": "Successfully removed all comments for object 'example.localdomain!ping4'."
            }
        ]
    }


### <a id="icinga2-api-actions-schedule-downtime"></a> schedule-downtime

Schedule a downtime for hosts and services.

Send a `POST` request to the URL endpoint `/v1/actions/schedule-downtime`.

  Parameter     | Type      | Description
  --------------|-----------|--------------
  author        | string    | **Required.** Name of the author.
  comment       | string    | **Required.** Comment text.
  start\_time   | timestamp | **Required.** Timestamp marking the beginning of the downtime.
  end\_time     | timestamp | **Required.** Timestamp marking the end of the downtime.
  fixed         | boolean   | **Optional.** Defaults to `true`. If true, the downtime is `fixed` otherwise `flexible`. See [downtimes](8-advanced-topics.md#downtimes) for more information.
  duration      | integer   | **Required for flexible downtimes.** Duration of the downtime in seconds if `fixed` is set to false.
  trigger\_name | string    | **Optional.** Sets the trigger for a triggered downtime. See [downtimes](8-advanced-topics.md#downtimes) for more information on triggered downtimes.
  child\_options | integer  | **Optional.** Schedule child downtimes. `0` does not do anything, `1` schedules child downtimes triggered by this downtime, `2` schedules non-triggered downtimes. Defaults to `0`.

In addition to these parameters a [filter](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-filters) must be provided. The valid types for this action are `Host` and `Service`.

Example:

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga -H 'Accept: application/json' -X POST 'https://localhost:5665/v1/actions/schedule-downtime?type=Service&filter=service.name==%22ping4%22' -d '{ "start_time": 1446388806, "end_time": 1446389806, "duration": 1000, "author": "icingaadmin", "comment": "IPv4 network maintenance" }' | python -m json.tool
    {
        "results": [
            {
                "code": 200.0,
                "legacy_id": 2.0,
                "name": "example2.localdomain!ping4!example.localdomain-1446822004-0",
                "status": "Successfully scheduled downtime 'example2.localdomain!ping4!example.localdomain-1446822004-0' for object 'example2.localdomain!ping4'."
            },
            {
                "code": 200.0,
                "legacy_id": 3.0,
                "name": "example.localdomain!ping4!example.localdomain-1446822004-1",
                "status": "Successfully scheduled downtime 'example.localdomain!ping4!example.localdomain-1446822004-1' for object 'example.localdomain!ping4'."
            }
        ]
    }

### <a id="icinga2-api-actions-remove-downtime"></a> remove-downtime

Remove the downtime using its `name` attribute , returns `OK` if the
downtime did not exist.
**Note**: This is **not** the legacy ID but the downtime name returned by
Icinga 2 when [scheduling a downtime](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-actions-schedule-downtime).

Send a `POST` request to the URL endpoint `/v1/actions/remove-downtime`.

A [filter](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-filters) must be provided. The valid types for this action are `Host`, `Service` and `Downtime`.

Example for a simple filter using the `downtime` URL parameter:

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga -H 'Accept: application/json' -X POST 'https://localhost:5665/v1/actions/remove-downtime?downtime=example.localdomain!ping4!mbmif.local-1446979168-6' | python -m json.tool
    {
        "results": [
            {
                "code": 200.0,
                "status": "Successfully removed downtime 'example.localdomain!ping4!mbmif.local-1446979168-6'."
            }
        ]
    }

Example for removing all host downtimes using a host name filter for `example.localdomain`:

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga -H 'Accept: application/json' -X POST 'https://localhost:5665/v1/actions/remove-downtime?filter=host.name==%22example.localdomain%22&type=Host' | python -m json.tool
    {
        "results": [
            {
                "code": 200.0,
                "status": "Successfully removed all downtimes for object 'example.localdomain'."
            }
        ]
    }

Example for removing a downtime from a host but not the services filtered by the author name. This example uses
filter variables explained in the [advanced filters](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-advanced-filters) chapter.

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga -H 'Accept: application/json' -X POST 'https://localhost:5665/v1/actions/remove-downtime' \
            -d $'{
      "type": "Downtime",
      "filter": "host.name == filterHost && !service && downtime.author == filterAuthor",
      "filter_vars": {
        "filterHost": "example.localdomain",
        "filterAuthor": "icingaadmin"
      }
    }' | python -m json.tool

    {
        "results": [
            {
                "code": 200.0,
                "status": "Successfully removed downtime 'example.localdomain!mbmif.local-1463043129-3'."
            }
        ]
    }

### <a id="icinga2-api-actions-shutdown-process"></a> shutdown-process

Shuts down Icinga2. May or may not return.

Send a `POST` request to the URL endpoint `/v1/actions/shutdown-process`.

This action does not support a target type or filter.

Example:

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga -H 'Accept: application/json' -X POST 'https://localhost:5665/v1/actions/shutdown-process' | python -m json.tool

    {
        "results": [
            {
                "code": 200.0,
                "status": "Shutting down Icinga 2."
            }
        ]
    }

### <a id="icinga2-api-actions-restart-process"></a> restart-process

Restarts Icinga2. May or may not return.

Send a `POST` request to the URL endpoint `/v1/actions/restart-process`.

This action does not support a target type or filter.

Example:

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga -H 'Accept: application/json' -X POST 'https://localhost:5665/v1/actions/restart-process' | python -m json.tool

    {
        "results": [
            {
                "code": 200.0,
                "status": "Restarting Icinga 2."
            }
        ]
    }

### <a id="icinga2-api-actions-generate-ticket"></a> generate-ticket

Generates a PKI ticket for [CSR auto-signing](6-distributed-monitoring.md#distributed-monitoring-setup-csr-auto-signing).
This can be used in combination with satellite/client setups requesting this ticket number.

Send a `POST` request to the URL endpoint `/v1/actions/generate-ticket`.

  Parameter     | Type      | Description
  --------------|-----------|--------------
  cn            | string    | **Required.** The host's common name for which the ticket should be geenerated.

Example:

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga -H 'Accept: application/json' -X POST 'https://localhost:5665/v1/actions/generate-ticket' \
    -d '{ "cn": "icinga2-client1.localdomain" }' | python -m json.tool
    {
        "results": [
            {
                "code": 200.0,
                "status": "Generated PKI ticket '4f75d2ecd253575fe9180938ebff7cbca262f96e' for common name 'icinga2-client1.localdomain'.",
                "ticket": "4f75d2ecd253575fe9180938ebff7cbca262f96e"
            }
        ]
    }


## <a id="icinga2-api-event-streams"></a> Event Streams

You can subscribe to event streams by sending a `POST` request to the URL endpoint `/v1/events`.
The following parameters need to be specified (either as URL parameters or in a JSON-encoded message body):

  Parameter  | Type         | Description
  -----------|--------------|-------------
  types      | string array | **Required.** Event type(s). Multiple types as URL parameters are supported.
  queue      | string       | **Required.** Unique queue name. Multiple HTTP clients can use the same queue as long as they use the same event types and filter.
  filter     | string       | **Optional.** Filter for specific event attributes using [filter expressions](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-filters).

### <a id="icinga2-api-event-streams-types"></a> Event Stream Types

The following event stream types are available:

  Type                   | Description
  -----------------------|--------------
  CheckResult            | Check results for hosts and services.
  StateChange            | Host/service state changes.
  Notification           | Notification events including notified users for hosts and services.
  AcknowledgementSet     | Acknowledgement set on hosts and services.
  AcknowledgementCleared | Acknowledgement cleared on hosts and services.
  CommentAdded           | Comment added for hosts and services.
  CommentRemoved         | Comment removed for hosts and services.
  DowntimeAdded          | Downtime added for hosts and services.
  DowntimeRemoved        | Downtime removed for hosts and services.
  DowntimeStarted        | Downtime started for hosts and services.
  DowntimeTriggered      | Downtime triggered for hosts and services.

Note: Each type requires [API permissions](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-permissions)
being set.

Example for all downtime events:

    &types=DowntimeAdded&types=DowntimeRemoved&types=DowntimeTriggered


### <a id="icinga2-api-event-streams-filter"></a> Event Stream Filter

Event streams can be filtered by attributes using the prefix `event.`.

Example for the `CheckResult` type with the `exit_code` set to `2`:

    &types=CheckResult&filter=event.check_result.exit_status==2

Example for the `CheckResult` type with the service [matching](18-library-reference.md#global-functions-match)
the string pattern "random\*":

    &types=CheckResult&filter=match%28%22random*%22,event.service%29


### <a id="icinga2-api-event-streams-response"></a> Event Stream Response

The event stream response is separated with new lines. The HTTP client
must support long-polling and HTTP/1.1. HTTP/1.0 is not supported.

Example:

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga -H 'Accept: application/json' -X POST 'https://localhost:5665/v1/events?queue=michi&types=CheckResult&filter=event.check_result.exit_status==2'

    {"check_result":{ ... },"host":"example.localdomain","service":"ping4","timestamp":1445421319.7226390839,"type":"CheckResult"}
    {"check_result":{ ... },"host":"example.localdomain","service":"ping4","timestamp":1445421324.7226390839,"type":"CheckResult"}
    {"check_result":{ ... },"host":"example.localdomain","service":"ping4","timestamp":1445421329.7226390839,"type":"CheckResult"}


## <a id="icinga2-api-status"></a> Status and Statistics

Send a `GET` request to the URL endpoint `/v1/status` to retrieve status information and statistics for Icinga 2.

Example:

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga 'https://localhost:5665/v1/status' | python -m json.tool
    {
        "results": [
            {
                "name": "ApiListener",
                "perfdata": [ ... ],
                "status": [ ... ]
            },
            ...
            {
                "name": "IcingaAplication",
                "perfdata": [ ... ],
                "status": [ ... ]
            },
            ...
        ]
    }

You can limit the output by specifying a status type in the URL, e.g. `IcingaApplication`:

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga 'https://localhost:5665/v1/status/IcingaApplication' | python -m json.tool
    {
        "results": [
            {
                "perfdata": [],
                "status": {
                    "icingaapplication": {
                        "app": {
                            "enable_event_handlers": true,
                            "enable_flapping": true,
                            "enable_host_checks": true,
                            "enable_notifications": true,
                            "enable_perfdata": true,
                            "enable_service_checks": true,
                            "node_name": "example.localdomain",
                            "pid": 59819.0,
                            "program_start": 1443019345.093372,
                            "version": "v2.3.0-573-g380a131"
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        ]
    }


## <a id="icinga2-api-config-management"></a> Configuration Management

The main idea behind configuration management is to allow external applications
creating configuration packages and stages based on configuration files and
directory trees. This replaces any additional SSH connection and whatnot to
dump configuration files to Icinga 2 directly.
In case you are pushing a new configuration stage to a package, Icinga 2 will
validate the configuration asynchronously and populate a status log which
can be fetched in a separated request.


### <a id="icinga2-api-config-management-create-package"></a> Creating a Config Package

Send a `POST` request to a new config package called `example-cmdb` in this example. This
will create a new empty configuration package.

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga -H 'Accept: application/json' -X POST \
    'https://localhost:5665/v1/config/packages/example-cmdb' | python -m json.tool
    {
        "results": [
            {
                "code": 200.0,
                "package": "example-cmdb",
                "status": "Created package."
            }
        ]
    }

Package names starting with an underscore are reserved for internal packages and must not be used.

### <a id="icinga2-api-config-management-create-config-stage"></a> Uploading configuration for a Config Package

Configuration files in packages are managed in stages.
Stages provide a way to maintain multiple configuration versions for a package.

Send a `POST` request to the URL endpoint `/v1/config/stages` and add the name of an existing
configuration package to the URL path (e.g. `example-cmdb`).
The request body must contain the `files` attribute with the value being
a dictionary of file targets and their content.

The file path requires one of these two directories inside its path:

  Directory   | Description
  ------------|------------------------------------
  conf.d      | Local configuration directory.
  zones.d     | Configuration directory for cluster zones, each zone must be put into its own zone directory underneath. Supports the [cluster config sync](6-distributed-monitoring.md#distributed-monitoring-top-down-config-sync).

Example for a local configuration in the `conf.d` directory:

    "files": { "conf.d/host1.conf": "object Host \"local-host\" { address = \"127.0.0.1\", check_command = \"hostalive\" }" }

Example for a host configuration inside the `satellite` zone in the `zones.d` directory:

    "files": { "zones.d/satellite/host2.conf": "object Host \"satellite-host\" { address = \"192.168.1.100\", check_command = \"hostalive\" }" }


The example below will create a new file called `test.conf` in the `conf.d`
directory. Note: This example contains an error (`chec_command`). This is
intentional.

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga -H 'Accept: application/json' -X POST \
    -d '{ "files": { "conf.d/test.conf": "object Host \"cmdb-host\" { chec_command = \"dummy\" }" } }' \
    'https://localhost:5665/v1/config/stages/example-cmdb' | python -m json.tool
    {
        "results": [
            {
                "code": 200.0,
                "package": "example-cmdb",
                "stage": "example.localdomain-1441625839-0",
                "status": "Created stage."
            }
        ]
    }

The Icinga 2 API returns the `package` name this stage was created for, and also
generates a unique name for the `stage` attribute you'll need for later requests.

Icinga 2 automatically restarts the daemon in order to activate the new config stage.
If the validation for the new config stage failed, the old stage and its configuration objects
will remain active.

> **Note**
>
> Old stages are not purged automatically. You can [remove stages](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-config-management-delete-config-stage) that are no longer in use.

Icinga 2 will create the following files in the configuration package
stage after configuration validation:

  File        | Description
  ------------|--------------
  status      | Contains the [configuration validation](11-cli-commands.md#config-validation) exit code (everything else than 0 indicates an error).
  startup.log | Contains the [configuration validation](11-cli-commands.md#config-validation) output.

You can [fetch these files](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-config-management-fetch-config-package-stage-files)
in order to verify that the new configuration was deployed successfully.


### <a id="icinga2-api-config-management-list-config-packages"></a> List Configuration Packages and their Stages

A list of packages and their stages can be retrieved by sending a `GET` request to the URL endpoint `/v1/config/packages`.

The following example contains one configuration package `example-cmdb`. The package does not currently
have an active stage.

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga 'https://localhost:5665/v1/config/packages' | python -m json.tool
    {
        "results": [
            {
                "active-stage": "",
                "name": "example-cmdb",
                "stages": [
                    "example.localdomain-1441625839-0"
                ]
            }
        ]
    }


### <a id="icinga2-api-config-management-list-config-package-stage-files"></a> List Configuration Packages and their Stages

In order to retrieve a list of files for a stage you can send a `GET` request to
the URL endpoint `/v1/config/stages`. You need to include
the package name (`example-cmdb`) and stage name (`example.localdomain-1441625839-0`) in the URL:

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga 'https://localhost:5665/v1/config/stages/example-cmdb/example.localdomain-1441625839-0' | python -m json.tool
    {
        "results": [
    ...
            {
                "name": "startup.log",
                "type": "file"
            },
            {
                "name": "status",
                "type": "file"
            },
            {
                "name": "conf.d",
                "type": "directory"
            },
            {
                "name": "zones.d",
                "type": "directory"
            },
            {
                "name": "conf.d/test.conf",
                "type": "file"
            }
        ]
    }

### <a id="icinga2-api-config-management-fetch-config-package-stage-files"></a> Fetch Configuration Package Stage Files

Send a `GET` request to the URL endpoint `/v1/config/files` and add
the package name, the stage name and the relative path to the file to the URL path.

> **Note**
>
> The returned files are plain-text instead of JSON-encoded.

The following example fetches the configuration file `conf.d/test.conf`:

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga 'https://localhost:5665/v1/config/files/example-cmdb/example.localdomain-1441625839-0/conf.d/test.conf'

    object Host "cmdb-host" { chec_command = "dummy" }

You can fetch a [list of existing files](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-config-management-list-config-package-stage-files)
in a configuration stage and then specifically request their content.

### <a id="icinga2-api-config-management-config-package-stage-errors"></a> Configuration Package Stage Errors

Now that we don't have an active stage for `example-cmdb` yet seen [here](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-config-management-list-config-packages),
there must have been an error.

In order to check for validation errors you can fetch the `startup.log` file
by sending a `GET` request to the URL endpoint `/v1/config/files`. You must include
the package name, stage name and the `startup.log` in the URL path.

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga 'https://localhost:5665/v1/config/files/example-cmdb/example.localdomain-1441133065-1/startup.log'
    ...

    critical/config: Error: Attribute 'chec_command' does not exist.
    Location:
    /var/lib/icinga2/api/packages/example-cmdb/example.localdomain-1441133065-1/conf.d/test.conf(1): object Host "cmdb-host" { chec_command = "dummy" }
                                                                                                           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

    critical/config: 1 error

The output is similar to the manual [configuration validation](11-cli-commands.md#config-validation).

> **Note**
>
> The returned output is plain-text instead of JSON-encoded.


### <a id="icinga2-api-config-management-delete-config-stage"></a> Deleting Configuration Package Stage

You can send a `DELETE` request to the URL endpoint `/v1/config/stages`
in order to purge a configuration stage. You must include the package and
stage name inside the URL path.

The following example removes the failed configuration stage `example.localdomain-1441133065-1`
in the `example-cmdb` configuration package:

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga -H 'Accept: application/json' -X DELETE \
    'https://localhost:5665/v1/config/stages/example-cmdb/example.localdomain-1441133065-1' | python -m json.tool
    {
        "results": [
            {
                "code": 200.0,
                "status": "Stage deleted."
            }
        ]
    }


### <a id="icinga2-api-config-management-delete-config-package"></a> Deleting Configuration Package

In order to completely purge a configuration package and its stages
you can send a `DELETE` request to the URL endpoint `/v1/config/packages`
with the package name in the URL path.

This example entirely deletes the configuration package `example-cmdb`:

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga -H 'Accept: application/json' -X DELETE \
    'https://localhost:5665/v1/config/packages/example-cmdb' | python -m json.tool
    {
        "results": [
            {
                "code": 200.0,
                "package": "example-cmdb",
                "status": "Deleted package."
            }
        ]
    }


## <a id="icinga2-api-types"></a> Types

You can retrieve the configuration object types by sending a `GET` request to URL
endpoint `/v1/types`.

Each response entry in the results array contains the following attributes:

  Attribute      | Type         | Description
  ---------------|--------------|---------------------
  name           | string       | The type name.
  plural_name    | string       | The plural type name.
  fields         | dictionary   | Available fields including details on e.g. the type and attribute accessibility.
  abstract       | boolean      | Whether objects can be instantiated for this type.
  base           | boolean      | The base type (e.g. `Service` inherits fields and prototype methods from `Checkable`).
  prototype_keys | string array | Available prototype methods.

In order to view a specific configuration object type specify its name inside the URL path:

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga 'https://localhost:5665/v1/types/Object' | python -m json.tool
    {
        "results": [
            {
                "abstract": false,
                "fields": {
                    "type": {
                        "array_rank": 0.0,
                        "attributes": {
                            "config": false,
                            "navigation": false,
                            "no_user_modify": false,
                            "no_user_view": false,
                            "required": false,
                            "state": false
                        },
                        "id": 0.0,
                        "type": "String"
                    }
                },
                "name": "Object",
                "plural_name": "Objects",
                "prototype_keys": [
                    "clone",
                    "notify_attribute",
                    "to_string"
                ]
            }
        ]
    }


## <a id="icinga2-api-console"></a> Console

You can inspect variables and execute other expressions by sending a `POST` request to the URL endpoint `/v1/console/execute-script`.
In order to receive auto-completion suggestions, send a `POST` request to the URL endpoint `/v1/console/auto-complete-script`.

The following parameters need to be specified (either as URL parameters or in a JSON-encoded message body):

  Parameter  | Type         | Description
  -----------|--------------|-------------
  session    | string       | **Optional.** The session ID. Ideally this should be a GUID or some other unique identifier.
  command    | string       | **Required.** Command expression for execution or auto-completion.
  sandboxed  | number       | **Optional.** Whether runtime changes are allowed or forbidden. Defaults to disabled.

The [API permission](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-permissions) `console` is required for executing
expressions.

> **Note**
>
> Runtime modifications via `execute-script` calls are not validated and might cause the Icinga 2
> daemon to crash or behave in an unexpected way. Use these runtime changes at your own risk.

If you specify a session identifier, the same script context can be reused for multiple requests. This allows you to, for example, set a local variable in a request and use that local variable in another request. Sessions automatically expire after a set period of inactivity (currently 30 minutes).

Example for fetching the command line from the local host's last check result:

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga -H 'Accept: application/json' -X POST 'https://localhost:5665/v1/console/execute-script?command=get_host(NodeName).last_check_result.command&sandboxed=0&session=bb75fd7c-c686-407d-9688-582c04227756' | python -m json.tool
    {
        "results": [
            {
                "code": 200.0,
                "result": [
                    "/usr/local/sbin/check_ping",
                    "-H",
                    "127.0.0.1",
                    "-c",
                    "5000,100%",
                    "-w",
                    "3000,80%"
                ],
                "status": "Executed successfully."
            }
        ]
    }

Example for fetching auto-completion suggestions for the `Host.` type. This works in a
similar fashion when pressing TAB inside the [console CLI command](11-cli-commands.md#cli-command-console):

    $ curl -k -s -u root:icinga -H 'Accept: application/json' -X POST 'https://localhost:5665/v1/console/auto-complete-script?command=Host.&sandboxed=0&session=bb75fd7c-c686-407d-9688-582c04227756' | python -m json.tool
    {
        "results": [
            {
                "code": 200.0,
                "status": "Auto-completed successfully.",
                "suggestions": [
                    "Host.type",
                    "Host.name",
                    "Host.prototype",
                    "Host.base",
                    "Host.register_attribute_handler",
                    "Host.clone",
                    "Host.notify_attribute",
                    "Host.to_string"
                ]
            }
        ]
    }


## <a id="icinga2-api-clients"></a> API Clients

There are a couple of existing clients which can be used with the Icinga 2 API:

* [curl](https://curl.haxx.se/) or any other HTTP client really
* [Icinga 2 console (CLI command)](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-clients-cli-console)
* [Icinga Studio](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-clients-icinga-studio)
* [Icinga Web 2 Director](https://www.icinga.com/products/icinga-web-2-modules/)

Demo cases:

* [Dashing](https://github.com/Icinga/dashing-icinga2)
* [API examples](https://github.com/Icinga/icinga2-api-examples)

Additional [programmatic examples](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-clients-programmatic-examples)
will help you getting started using the Icinga 2 API in your environment.

### <a id="icinga2-api-clients-icinga-studio"></a> Icinga Studio

Icinga Studio is a graphical application to query configuration objects provided by the API.

![Icinga Studio Connection](images/icinga2-api/icinga2_api_icinga_studio_connect.png)

![Icinga Studio Overview](images/icinga2-api/icinga2_api_icinga_studio_overview.png)

Please check the package repository of your distribution for available
packages.

> **Note**
> Icinga Studio does not currently support SSL certificate verification.

The Windows installer already includes Icinga Studio. On Debian and Ubuntu the package
`icinga2-studio` can be used to install Icinga Studio.

### <a id="icinga2-api-clients-cli-console"></a> Icinga 2 Console

By default the [console CLI command](11-cli-commands.md#cli-command-console) evaluates
expressions in a local interpreter, i.e. independently from your Icinga 2 daemon.
Add the `--connect` parameter to debug and evaluate expressions via the API.

### <a id="icinga2-api-clients-programmatic-examples"></a> API Clients Programmatic Examples

The programmatic examples use HTTP basic authentication and SSL certificate
verification. The CA file is expected in `pki/icinga2-ca.crt`
but you may adjust the examples for your likings.

The [request method](icinga2-api-requests) is `POST` using
[X-HTTP-Method-Override: GET](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-requests-method-override)
which allows you to send a JSON request body. The examples request
specific service attributes joined with host attributes. `attrs`
and `joins` are therefore specified as array.
The `filter` attribute [matches](18-library-reference.md#global-functions-match)
on all services with `ping` in their name.

#### <a id="icinga2-api-clients-programmatic-examples-python"></a> Example API Client in Python

The following example uses **Python** and the `requests` and `json` module:

    # pip install requests
    # pip install json

    $ vim icinga2-api-example.py

    #!/usr/bin/env python
    
    import requests, json
    
    # Replace 'localhost' with your FQDN and certificate CN
    # for SSL verification
    request_url = "https://localhost:5665/v1/objects/services"
    headers = {
            'Accept': 'application/json',
            'X-HTTP-Method-Override': 'GET'
            }
    data = {
            "attrs": [ "name", "state", "last_check_result" ],
            "joins": [ "host.name", "host.state", "host.last_check_result" ],
            "filter": "match(\"ping*\", service.name)",
    }
    
    r = requests.post(request_url,
            headers=headers,
            auth=('root', 'icinga'),
            data=json.dumps(data),
            verify="pki/icinga2-ca.crt")
    
    print "Request URL: " + str(r.url)
    print "Status code: " + str(r.status_code)
    
    if (r.status_code == 200):
            print "Result: " + json.dumps(r.json())
    else:
            print r.text
            r.raise_for_status()

    $ python icinga2-api-example.py


#### <a id="icinga2-api-clients-programmatic-examples-ruby"></a> Example API Client in Ruby

The following example uses **Ruby** and the `rest_client` gem:

    # gem install rest_client

    $ vim icinga2-api-example.rb

    #!/usr/bin/ruby
    
    require 'rest_client'
    
    # Replace 'localhost' with your FQDN and certificate CN
    # for SSL verification
    request_url = "https://localhost:5665/v1/objects/services"
    headers = {
            "Accept" => "application/json",
            "X-HTTP-Method-Override" => "GET"
    }
    data = {
            "attrs" => [ "name", "state", "last_check_result" ],
            "joins" => [ "host.name", "host.state", "host.last_check_result" ],
            "filter" => "match(\"ping*\", service.name)",
    }
    
    r = RestClient::Resource.new(
            URI.encode(request_url),
            :headers => headers,
            :user => "root",
            :password => "icinga",
            :ssl_ca_file => "pki/icinga2-ca.crt")
    
    begin
            response = r.post(data.to_json)
    rescue => e
            response = e.response
    end
    
    puts "Status: " + response.code.to_s
    if response.code == 200
            puts "Result: " + (JSON.pretty_generate JSON.parse(response.body))
    else
            puts "Error: " + response
    end

    $ ruby icinga2-api-example.rb

A more detailed example can be found in the [Dashing demo](https://github.com/Icinga/dashing-icinga2).

#### <a id="icinga2-api-clients-programmatic-examples-php"></a> Example API Client in PHP

The following example uses **PHP** and its `curl` library:

    $ vim icinga2-api-example.php

    #!/usr/bin/env php
    <?php
    # Replace 'localhost' with your FQDN and certificate CN
    # for SSL verification
    $request_url = "https://localhost:5665/v1/objects/services";
    $username = "root";
    $password = "icinga";
    $headers = array(
            'Accept: application/json',
            'X-HTTP-Method-Override: GET'
    );
    $data = array(
            attrs => array('name', 'state', 'last_check_result'),
            joins => array('host.name', 'host.state', 'host.last_check_result'),
            filter => 'match("ping*", service.name)',
    );
    
    $ch = curl_init();
    curl_setopt_array($ch, array(
            CURLOPT_URL => $request_url,
            CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER => $headers,
            CURLOPT_USERPWD => $username . ":" . $password,
            CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => true,
            CURLOPT_CAINFO => "pki/icinga2-ca.crt",
            CURLOPT_POST => count($data),
            CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS => json_encode($data)
    ));
    
    $response = curl_exec($ch);
    if ($response === false) {
            print "Error: " . curl_error($ch) . "(" . $response . ")\n";
    }
    
    $code = curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);
    curl_close($ch);
    print "Status: " . $code . "\n";
    
    if ($code == 200) {
            $response = json_decode($response, true);
            print_r($response);
    }
    ?>

    $ php icinga2-api-example.php

#### <a id="icinga2-api-clients-programmatic-examples-perl"></a> Example API Client in Perl

The following example uses **Perl** and the `Rest::Client` module:

    # perl -MCPAN -e 'install REST::Client'
    # perl -MCPAN -e 'install JSON'
    # perl -MCPAN -e 'install MIME::Base64'
    # perl -MCPAN -e 'install Data::Dumper'

    $ vim icinga2-api-example.pl

    #!/usr/bin/env perl
    
    use strict;
    use warnings;
    use REST::Client;
    use MIME::Base64;
    use JSON;
    use Data::Dumper;
    
    # Replace 'localhost' with your FQDN and certificate CN
    # for SSL verification
    my $request_host = "https://localhost:5665";
    my $userpass = "root:icinga";
    
    my $client = REST::Client->new();
    $client->setHost($request_host);
    $client->setCa("pki/icinga2-ca.crt");
    $client->addHeader("Accept", "application/json");
    $client->addHeader("X-HTTP-Method-Override", "GET");
    $client->addHeader("Authorization", "Basic " . encode_base64($userpass));
    my %json_data = (
            attrs => ['name', 'state', 'last_check_result'],
            joins => ['host.name', 'host.state', 'host.last_check_result'],
            filter => 'match("ping*", service.name)',
    );
    my $data = encode_json(\%json_data);
    $client->POST("/v1/objects/services", $data);
    
    my $status = $client->responseCode();
    print "Status: " . $status . "\n";
    my $response = $client->responseContent();
    if ($status == 200) {
            print "Result: " . Dumper(decode_json($response)) . "\n";
    } else {
            print "Error: " . $response . "\n";
    }

    $ perl icinga2-api-example.pl