granicus.if.org Git - imagemagick/blob - MagickCore/memory.c

   1 /*
   2 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
   3 %                                                                             %
   4 %                                                                             %
   5 %                                                                             %
   6 %                    M   M  EEEEE  M   M   OOO   RRRR   Y   Y                 %
   7 %                    MM MM  E      MM MM  O   O  R   R   Y Y                  %
   8 %                    M M M  EEE    M M M  O   O  RRRR     Y                   %
   9 %                    M   M  E      M   M  O   O  R R      Y                   %
  10 %                    M   M  EEEEE  M   M   OOO   R  R     Y                   %
  11 %                                                                             %
  12 %                                                                             %
  13 %                     MagickCore Memory Allocation Methods                    %
  14 %                                                                             %
  15 %                              Software Design                                %
  16 %                                John Cristy                                  %
  17 %                                 July 1998                                   %
  18 %                                                                             %
  19 %                                                                             %
  20 %  Copyright 1999-2013 ImageMagick Studio LLC, a non-profit organization      %
  21 %  dedicated to making software imaging solutions freely available.           %
  22 %                                                                             %
  23 %  You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.  You may  %
  24 %  obtain a copy of the License at                                            %
  25 %                                                                             %
  26 %    http://www.imagemagick.org/script/license.php                            %
  27 %                                                                             %
  28 %  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software        %
  29 %  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,          %
  30 %  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.   %
  31 %  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and        %
  32 %  limitations under the License.                                             %
  33 %                                                                             %
  34 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
  35 %
  36 %  Segregate our memory requirements from any program that calls our API.  This
  37 %  should help reduce the risk of others changing our program state or causing
  38 %  memory corruption.
  39 %
  40 %  Our custom memory allocation manager implements a best-fit allocation policy
  41 %  using segregated free lists.  It uses a linear distribution of size classes
  42 %  for lower sizes and a power of two distribution of size classes at higher
  43 %  sizes.  It is based on the paper, "Fast Memory Allocation using Lazy Fits."
  44 %  written by Yoo C. Chung.
  45 %
  46 %  By default, ANSI memory methods are called (e.g. malloc).  Use the
  47 %  custom memory allocator by defining MAGICKCORE_ZERO_CONFIGURATION_SUPPORT
  48 %  to allocate memory with private anonymous mapping rather than from the
  49 %  heap.
  50 %
  51 */
  52 \f
  53 /*
  54   Include declarations.
  55 */
  56 #include "MagickCore/studio.h"
  57 #include "MagickCore/blob.h"
  58 #include "MagickCore/blob-private.h"
  59 #include "MagickCore/exception.h"
  60 #include "MagickCore/exception-private.h"
  61 #include "MagickCore/memory_.h"
  62 #include "MagickCore/memory-private.h"
  63 #include "MagickCore/resource_.h"
  64 #include "MagickCore/semaphore.h"
  65 #include "MagickCore/string_.h"
  66 #include "MagickCore/utility-private.h"
  67 \f
  68 /*
  69   Define declarations.
  70 */
  71 #define BlockFooter(block,size) \
  72   ((size_t *) ((char *) (block)+(size)-2*sizeof(size_t)))
  73 #define BlockHeader(block)  ((size_t *) (block)-1)
  74 #define BlockSize  4096
  75 #define BlockThreshold  1024
  76 #define MaxBlockExponent  16
  77 #define MaxBlocks ((BlockThreshold/(4*sizeof(size_t)))+MaxBlockExponent+1)
  78 #define MaxSegments  1024
  79 #define MemoryGuard  ((0xdeadbeef << 31)+0xdeafdeed)
  80 #define NextBlock(block)  ((char *) (block)+SizeOfBlock(block))
  81 #define NextBlockInList(block)  (*(void **) (block))
  82 #define PreviousBlock(block)  ((char *) (block)-(*((size_t *) (block)-2)))
  83 #define PreviousBlockBit  0x01
  84 #define PreviousBlockInList(block)  (*((void **) (block)+1))
  85 #define SegmentSize  (2*1024*1024)
  86 #define SizeMask  (~0x01)
  87 #define SizeOfBlock(block)  (*BlockHeader(block) & SizeMask)
  88 \f
  89 /*
  90   Typedef declarations.
  91 */
  92 typedef struct _DataSegmentInfo
  93 {
  94   void
  95     *allocation,
  96     *bound;
  97
  98   MagickBooleanType
  99     mapped;
 100
 101   size_t
 102     length;
 103
 104   struct _DataSegmentInfo
 105     *previous,
 106     *next;
 107 } DataSegmentInfo;
 108
 109 typedef struct _MagickMemoryMethods
 110 {
 111   AcquireMemoryHandler
 112     acquire_memory_handler;
 113
 114   ResizeMemoryHandler
 115     resize_memory_handler;
 116
 117   DestroyMemoryHandler
 118     destroy_memory_handler;
 119 } MagickMemoryMethods;
 120
 121 struct _MemoryInfo
 122 {
 123   char
 124     filename[MaxTextExtent];
 125
 126   MagickBooleanType
 127     mapped;
 128
 129   size_t
 130     length;
 131
 132   void
 133     *blob;
 134
 135   size_t
 136     signature;
 137 };
 138
 139 typedef struct _MemoryPool
 140 {
 141   size_t
 142     allocation;
 143
 144   void
 145     *blocks[MaxBlocks+1];
 146
 147   size_t
 148     number_segments;
 149
 150   DataSegmentInfo
 151     *segments[MaxSegments],
 152     segment_pool[MaxSegments];
 153 } MemoryPool;
 154 \f
 155 /*
 156   Global declarations.
 157 */
 158 static MagickMemoryMethods
 159   memory_methods =
 160   {
 161     (AcquireMemoryHandler) malloc,
 162     (ResizeMemoryHandler) realloc,
 163     (DestroyMemoryHandler) free
 164   };
 165
 166 #if defined(MAGICKCORE_ZERO_CONFIGURATION_SUPPORT)
 167 static MemoryPool
 168   memory_pool;
 169
 170 static SemaphoreInfo
 171   *memory_semaphore = (SemaphoreInfo *) NULL;
 172
 173 static volatile DataSegmentInfo
 174   *free_segments = (DataSegmentInfo *) NULL;
 175 \f
 176 /*
 177   Forward declarations.
 178 */
 179 static MagickBooleanType
 180   ExpandHeap(size_t);
 181 #endif
 182 \f
 183 /*
 184 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 185 %                                                                             %
 186 %                                                                             %
 187 %                                                                             %
 188 %   A c q u i r e A l i g n e d M e m o r y                                   %
 189 %                                                                             %
 190 %                                                                             %
 191 %                                                                             %
 192 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 193 %
 194 %  AcquireAlignedMemory() returns a pointer to a block of memory at least size
 195 %  bytes whose address is a multiple of 16*sizeof(void *).
 196 %
 197 %  The format of the AcquireAlignedMemory method is:
 198 %
 199 %      void *AcquireAlignedMemory(const size_t count,const size_t quantum)
 200 %
 201 %  A description of each parameter follows:
 202 %
 203 %    o count: the number of quantum elements to allocate.
 204 %
 205 %    o quantum: the number of bytes in each quantum.
 206 %
 207 */
 208 MagickExport void *AcquireAlignedMemory(const size_t count,const size_t quantum)
 209 {
 210 #define AlignedExtent(size,alignment) \
 211   (((size)+((alignment)-1)) & ~((alignment)-1))
 212
 213   size_t
 214     alignment,
 215     extent,
 216     size;
 217
 218   void
 219     *memory;
 220
 221   size=count*quantum;
 222   if ((count == 0) || (quantum != (size/count)))
 223     {
 224       errno=ENOMEM;
 225       return((void *) NULL);
 226     }
 227   memory=NULL;
 228   alignment=CACHE_LINE_SIZE;
 229   extent=AlignedExtent(size,alignment);
 230   if ((size == 0) || (alignment < sizeof(void *)) || (extent < size))
 231     return((void *) NULL);
 232 #if defined(MAGICKCORE_HAVE_POSIX_MEMALIGN)
 233   if (posix_memalign(&memory,alignment,extent) != 0)
 234     memory=NULL;
 235 #elif defined(MAGICKCORE_HAVE__ALIGNED_MALLOC)
 236   memory=_aligned_malloc(extent,alignment);
 237 #else
 238   {
 239     void
 240       *p;
 241
 242     extent=(size+alignment-1)+sizeof(void *);
 243     if (extent > size)
 244       {
 245         p=malloc(extent);
 246         if (p != NULL)
 247           {
 248             memory=(void *) AlignedExtent((size_t) p+sizeof(void *),alignment);
 249             *((void **) memory-1)=p;
 250           }
 251       }
 252   }
 253 #endif
 254   return(memory);
 255 }
 256 \f
 257 #if defined(MAGICKCORE_ZERO_CONFIGURATION_SUPPORT)
 258 /*
 259 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 260 %                                                                             %
 261 %                                                                             %
 262 %                                                                             %
 263 +   A c q u i r e B l o c k                                                   %
 264 %                                                                             %
 265 %                                                                             %
 266 %                                                                             %
 267 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 268 %
 269 %  AcquireBlock() returns a pointer to a block of memory at least size bytes
 270 %  suitably aligned for any use.
 271 %
 272 %  The format of the AcquireBlock method is:
 273 %
 274 %      void *AcquireBlock(const size_t size)
 275 %
 276 %  A description of each parameter follows:
 277 %
 278 %    o size: the size of the memory in bytes to allocate.
 279 %
 280 */
 281
 282 static inline size_t AllocationPolicy(size_t size)
 283 {
 284   register size_t
 285     blocksize;
 286
 287   /*
 288     The linear distribution.
 289   */
 290   assert(size != 0);
 291   assert(size % (4*sizeof(size_t)) == 0);
 292   if (size <= BlockThreshold)
 293     return(size/(4*sizeof(size_t)));
 294   /*
 295     Check for the largest block size.
 296   */
 297   if (size > (size_t) (BlockThreshold*(1L << (MaxBlockExponent-1L))))
 298     return(MaxBlocks-1L);
 299   /*
 300     Otherwise use a power of two distribution.
 301   */
 302   blocksize=BlockThreshold/(4*sizeof(size_t));
 303   for ( ; size > BlockThreshold; size/=2)
 304     blocksize++;
 305   assert(blocksize > (BlockThreshold/(4*sizeof(size_t))));
 306   assert(blocksize < (MaxBlocks-1L));
 307   return(blocksize);
 308 }
 309
 310 static inline void InsertFreeBlock(void *block,const size_t i)
 311 {
 312   register void
 313     *next,
 314     *previous;
 315
 316   size_t
 317     size;
 318
 319   size=SizeOfBlock(block);
 320   previous=(void *) NULL;
 321   next=memory_pool.blocks[i];
 322   while ((next != (void *) NULL) && (SizeOfBlock(next) < size))
 323   {
 324     previous=next;
 325     next=NextBlockInList(next);
 326   }
 327   PreviousBlockInList(block)=previous;
 328   NextBlockInList(block)=next;
 329   if (previous != (void *) NULL)
 330     NextBlockInList(previous)=block;
 331   else
 332     memory_pool.blocks[i]=block;
 333   if (next != (void *) NULL)
 334     PreviousBlockInList(next)=block;
 335 }
 336
 337 static inline void RemoveFreeBlock(void *block,const size_t i)
 338 {
 339   register void
 340     *next,
 341     *previous;
 342
 343   next=NextBlockInList(block);
 344   previous=PreviousBlockInList(block);
 345   if (previous == (void *) NULL)
 346     memory_pool.blocks[i]=next;
 347   else
 348     NextBlockInList(previous)=next;
 349   if (next != (void *) NULL)
 350     PreviousBlockInList(next)=previous;
 351 }
 352
 353 static void *AcquireBlock(size_t size)
 354 {
 355   register size_t
 356     i;
 357
 358   register void
 359     *block;
 360
 361   /*
 362     Find free block.
 363   */
 364   size=(size_t) (size+sizeof(size_t)+6*sizeof(size_t)-1) & -(4U*sizeof(size_t));
 365   i=AllocationPolicy(size);
 366   block=memory_pool.blocks[i];
 367   while ((block != (void *) NULL) && (SizeOfBlock(block) < size))
 368     block=NextBlockInList(block);
 369   if (block == (void *) NULL)
 370     {
 371       i++;
 372       while (memory_pool.blocks[i] == (void *) NULL)
 373         i++;
 374       block=memory_pool.blocks[i];
 375       if (i >= MaxBlocks)
 376         return((void *) NULL);
 377     }
 378   assert((*BlockHeader(NextBlock(block)) & PreviousBlockBit) == 0);
 379   assert(SizeOfBlock(block) >= size);
 380   RemoveFreeBlock(block,AllocationPolicy(SizeOfBlock(block)));
 381   if (SizeOfBlock(block) > size)
 382     {
 383       size_t
 384         blocksize;
 385
 386       void
 387         *next;
 388
 389       /*
 390         Split block.
 391       */
 392       next=(char *) block+size;
 393       blocksize=SizeOfBlock(block)-size;
 394       *BlockHeader(next)=blocksize;
 395       *BlockFooter(next,blocksize)=blocksize;
 396       InsertFreeBlock(next,AllocationPolicy(blocksize));
 397       *BlockHeader(block)=size | (*BlockHeader(block) & ~SizeMask);
 398     }
 399   assert(size == SizeOfBlock(block));
 400   *BlockHeader(NextBlock(block))|=PreviousBlockBit;
 401   memory_pool.allocation+=size;
 402   return(block);
 403 }
 404 #endif
 405 \f
 406 /*
 407 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 408 %                                                                             %
 409 %                                                                             %
 410 %                                                                             %
 411 %   A c q u i r e M a g i c k M e m o r y                                     %
 412 %                                                                             %
 413 %                                                                             %
 414 %                                                                             %
 415 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 416 %
 417 %  AcquireMagickMemory() returns a pointer to a block of memory at least size
 418 %  bytes suitably aligned for any use.
 419 %
 420 %  The format of the AcquireMagickMemory method is:
 421 %
 422 %      void *AcquireMagickMemory(const size_t size)
 423 %
 424 %  A description of each parameter follows:
 425 %
 426 %    o size: the size of the memory in bytes to allocate.
 427 %
 428 */
 429 MagickExport void *AcquireMagickMemory(const size_t size)
 430 {
 431   register void
 432     *memory;
 433
 434 #if !defined(MAGICKCORE_ZERO_CONFIGURATION_SUPPORT)
 435   memory=memory_methods.acquire_memory_handler(size == 0 ? 1UL : size);
 436 #else
 437   if (memory_semaphore == (SemaphoreInfo *) NULL)
 438     AcquireSemaphoreInfo(&memory_semaphore);
 439   if (free_segments == (DataSegmentInfo *) NULL)
 440     {
 441       LockSemaphoreInfo(memory_semaphore);
 442       if (free_segments == (DataSegmentInfo *) NULL)
 443         {
 444           register ssize_t
 445             i;
 446
 447           assert(2*sizeof(size_t) > (size_t) (~SizeMask));
 448           (void) ResetMagickMemory(&memory_pool,0,sizeof(memory_pool));
 449           memory_pool.allocation=SegmentSize;
 450           memory_pool.blocks[MaxBlocks]=(void *) (-1);
 451           for (i=0; i < MaxSegments; i++)
 452           {
 453             if (i != 0)
 454               memory_pool.segment_pool[i].previous=
 455                 (&memory_pool.segment_pool[i-1]);
 456             if (i != (MaxSegments-1))
 457               memory_pool.segment_pool[i].next=(&memory_pool.segment_pool[i+1]);
 458           }
 459           free_segments=(&memory_pool.segment_pool[0]);
 460         }
 461       UnlockSemaphoreInfo(memory_semaphore);
 462     }
 463   LockSemaphoreInfo(memory_semaphore);
 464   memory=AcquireBlock(size == 0 ? 1UL : size);
 465   if (memory == (void *) NULL)
 466     {
 467       if (ExpandHeap(size == 0 ? 1UL : size) != MagickFalse)
 468         memory=AcquireBlock(size == 0 ? 1UL : size);
 469     }
 470   UnlockSemaphoreInfo(memory_semaphore);
 471 #endif
 472   return(memory);
 473 }
 474 \f
 475 /*
 476 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 477 %                                                                             %
 478 %                                                                             %
 479 %                                                                             %
 480 %   A c q u i r e Q u a n t u m M e m o r y                                   %
 481 %                                                                             %
 482 %                                                                             %
 483 %                                                                             %
 484 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 485 %
 486 %  AcquireQuantumMemory() returns a pointer to a block of memory at least
 487 %  count * quantum bytes suitably aligned for any use.
 488 %
 489 %  The format of the AcquireQuantumMemory method is:
 490 %
 491 %      void *AcquireQuantumMemory(const size_t count,const size_t quantum)
 492 %
 493 %  A description of each parameter follows:
 494 %
 495 %    o count: the number of quantum elements to allocate.
 496 %
 497 %    o quantum: the number of bytes in each quantum.
 498 %
 499 */
 500 MagickExport void *AcquireQuantumMemory(const size_t count,const size_t quantum)
 501 {
 502   size_t
 503     size;
 504
 505   size=count*quantum;
 506   if ((count == 0) || (quantum != (size/count)))
 507     {
 508       errno=ENOMEM;
 509       return((void *) NULL);
 510     }
 511   return(AcquireMagickMemory(size));
 512 }
 513 \f
 514 /*
 515 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 516 %                                                                             %
 517 %                                                                             %
 518 %                                                                             %
 519 %   A c q u i r e V i r t u a l M e m o r y                                   %
 520 %                                                                             %
 521 %                                                                             %
 522 %                                                                             %
 523 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 524 %
 525 %  AcquireVirtualMemory() allocates a pointer to a block of memory at least size
 526 %  bytes suitably aligned for any use.
 527 %
 528 %  The format of the AcquireVirtualMemory method is:
 529 %
 530 %      MemoryInfo *AcquireVirtualMemory(const size_t count,const size_t quantum)
 531 %
 532 %  A description of each parameter follows:
 533 %
 534 %    o count: the number of quantum elements to allocate.
 535 %
 536 %    o quantum: the number of bytes in each quantum.
 537 %
 538 */
 539 MagickExport MemoryInfo *AcquireVirtualMemory(const size_t count,
 540   const size_t quantum)
 541 {
 542   MemoryInfo
 543     *memory_info;
 544
 545   size_t
 546     length;
 547
 548   length=count*quantum;
 549   if ((count == 0) || (quantum != (length/count)))
 550     {
 551       errno=ENOMEM;
 552       return((MemoryInfo *) NULL);
 553     }
 554   memory_info=(MemoryInfo *) MagickAssumeAligned(AcquireAlignedMemory(1,
 555     sizeof(*memory_info)));
 556   if (memory_info == (MemoryInfo *) NULL)
 557     ThrowFatalException(ResourceLimitFatalError,"MemoryAllocationFailed");
 558   (void) ResetMagickMemory(memory_info,0,sizeof(*memory_info));
 559   memory_info->length=length;
 560   memory_info->signature=MagickSignature;
 561   if (AcquireMagickResource(MemoryResource,length) != MagickFalse)
 562     {
 563       memory_info->blob=AcquireMagickMemory(length);
 564       if (memory_info->blob == NULL)
 565         RelinquishMagickResource(MemoryResource,length);
 566     }
 567   if ((memory_info->blob == NULL) &&
 568       (AcquireMagickResource(MapResource,length) != MagickFalse))
 569     {
 570       /*
 571         Heap memory failed, try anonymous memory mapping.
 572       */
 573       memory_info->mapped=MagickTrue;
 574       memory_info->blob=MapBlob(-1,IOMode,0,length);
 575       if (memory_info->blob == NULL)
 576         RelinquishMagickResource(MapResource,length);
 577     }
 578   if (memory_info->blob == NULL)
 579     {
 580       int
 581         file;
 582
 583       /*
 584         Anonymous memory mapping failed, try file-backed memory mapping.
 585       */
 586       file=AcquireUniqueFileResource(memory_info->filename);
 587       if (file != -1)
 588         {
 589           if ((lseek(file,length-1,SEEK_SET) >= 0) && (write(file,"",1) == 1))
 590             {
 591               memory_info->mapped=MagickTrue;
 592               memory_info->blob=MapBlob(file,IOMode,0,length);
 593               if (memory_info->blob != NULL)
 594                 (void) AcquireMagickResource(MapResource,length);
 595             }
 596           (void) close(file);
 597         }
 598     }
 599   if (memory_info->blob == NULL)
 600     return(RelinquishVirtualMemory(memory_info));
 601   return(memory_info);
 602 }
 603 \f
 604 /*
 605 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 606 %                                                                             %
 607 %                                                                             %
 608 %                                                                             %
 609 %   C o p y M a g i c k M e m o r y                                           %
 610 %                                                                             %
 611 %                                                                             %
 612 %                                                                             %
 613 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 614 %
 615 %  CopyMagickMemory() copies size bytes from memory area source to the
 616 %  destination.  Copying between objects that overlap will take place
 617 %  correctly.  It returns destination.
 618 %
 619 %  The format of the CopyMagickMemory method is:
 620 %
 621 %      void *CopyMagickMemory(void *destination,const void *source,
 622 %        const size_t size)
 623 %
 624 %  A description of each parameter follows:
 625 %
 626 %    o destination: the destination.
 627 %
 628 %    o source: the source.
 629 %
 630 %    o size: the size of the memory in bytes to allocate.
 631 %
 632 */
 633 MagickExport void *CopyMagickMemory(void *destination,const void *source,
 634   const size_t size)
 635 {
 636   register const unsigned char
 637     *p;
 638
 639   register unsigned char
 640     *q;
 641
 642   assert(destination != (void *) NULL);
 643   assert(source != (const void *) NULL);
 644   p=(const unsigned char *) source;
 645   q=(unsigned char *) destination;
 646   if (((q+size) < p) || (q > (p+size)))
 647     switch (size)
 648     {
 649       default: return(memcpy(destination,source,size));
 650       case 8: *q++=(*p++);
 651       case 7: *q++=(*p++);
 652       case 6: *q++=(*p++);
 653       case 5: *q++=(*p++);
 654       case 4: *q++=(*p++);
 655       case 3: *q++=(*p++);
 656       case 2: *q++=(*p++);
 657       case 1: *q++=(*p++);
 658       case 0: return(destination);
 659     }
 660   return(memmove(destination,source,size));
 661 }
 662 \f
 663 /*
 664 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 665 %                                                                             %
 666 %                                                                             %
 667 %                                                                             %
 668 +   D e s t r o y M a g i c k M e m o r y                                     %
 669 %                                                                             %
 670 %                                                                             %
 671 %                                                                             %
 672 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 673 %
 674 %  DestroyMagickMemory() deallocates memory associated with the memory manager.
 675 %
 676 %  The format of the DestroyMagickMemory method is:
 677 %
 678 %      DestroyMagickMemory(void)
 679 %
 680 */
 681 MagickExport void DestroyMagickMemory(void)
 682 {
 683 #if defined(MAGICKCORE_ZERO_CONFIGURATION_SUPPORT)
 684   register ssize_t
 685     i;
 686
 687   if (memory_semaphore == (SemaphoreInfo *) NULL)
 688     AcquireSemaphoreInfo(&memory_semaphore);
 689   LockSemaphoreInfo(memory_semaphore);
 690   UnlockSemaphoreInfo(memory_semaphore);
 691   for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) memory_pool.number_segments; i++)
 692     if (memory_pool.segments[i]->mapped == MagickFalse)
 693       memory_methods.destroy_memory_handler(
 694         memory_pool.segments[i]->allocation);
 695     else
 696       (void) UnmapBlob(memory_pool.segments[i]->allocation,
 697         memory_pool.segments[i]->length);
 698   free_segments=(DataSegmentInfo *) NULL;
 699   (void) ResetMagickMemory(&memory_pool,0,sizeof(memory_pool));
 700   DestroySemaphoreInfo(&memory_semaphore);
 701 #endif
 702 }
 703 \f
 704 #if defined(MAGICKCORE_ZERO_CONFIGURATION_SUPPORT)
 705 /*
 706 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 707 %                                                                             %
 708 %                                                                             %
 709 %                                                                             %
 710 +   E x p a n d H e a p                                                       %
 711 %                                                                             %
 712 %                                                                             %
 713 %                                                                             %
 714 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 715 %
 716 %  ExpandHeap() get more memory from the system.  It returns MagickTrue on
 717 %  success otherwise MagickFalse.
 718 %
 719 %  The format of the ExpandHeap method is:
 720 %
 721 %      MagickBooleanType ExpandHeap(size_t size)
 722 %
 723 %  A description of each parameter follows:
 724 %
 725 %    o size: the size of the memory in bytes we require.
 726 %
 727 */
 728 static MagickBooleanType ExpandHeap(size_t size)
 729 {
 730   DataSegmentInfo
 731     *segment_info;
 732
 733   MagickBooleanType
 734     mapped;
 735
 736   register ssize_t
 737     i;
 738
 739   register void
 740     *block;
 741
 742   size_t
 743     blocksize;
 744
 745   void
 746     *segment;
 747
 748   blocksize=((size+12*sizeof(size_t))+SegmentSize-1) & -SegmentSize;
 749   assert(memory_pool.number_segments < MaxSegments);
 750   segment=MapBlob(-1,IOMode,0,blocksize);
 751   mapped=segment != (void *) NULL ? MagickTrue : MagickFalse;
 752   if (segment == (void *) NULL)
 753     segment=(void *) memory_methods.acquire_memory_handler(blocksize);
 754   if (segment == (void *) NULL)
 755     return(MagickFalse);
 756   segment_info=(DataSegmentInfo *) free_segments;
 757   free_segments=segment_info->next;
 758   segment_info->mapped=mapped;
 759   segment_info->length=blocksize;
 760   segment_info->allocation=segment;
 761   segment_info->bound=(char *) segment+blocksize;
 762   i=(ssize_t) memory_pool.number_segments-1;
 763   for ( ; (i >= 0) && (memory_pool.segments[i]->allocation > segment); i--)
 764     memory_pool.segments[i+1]=memory_pool.segments[i];
 765   memory_pool.segments[i+1]=segment_info;
 766   memory_pool.number_segments++;
 767   size=blocksize-12*sizeof(size_t);
 768   block=(char *) segment_info->allocation+4*sizeof(size_t);
 769   *BlockHeader(block)=size | PreviousBlockBit;
 770   *BlockFooter(block,size)=size;
 771   InsertFreeBlock(block,AllocationPolicy(size));
 772   block=NextBlock(block);
 773   assert(block < segment_info->bound);
 774   *BlockHeader(block)=2*sizeof(size_t);
 775   *BlockHeader(NextBlock(block))=PreviousBlockBit;
 776   return(MagickTrue);
 777 }
 778 #endif
 779 \f
 780 /*
 781 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 782 %                                                                             %
 783 %                                                                             %
 784 %                                                                             %
 785 %   G e t M a g i c k M e m o r y M e t h o d s                               %
 786 %                                                                             %
 787 %                                                                             %
 788 %                                                                             %
 789 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 790 %
 791 %  GetMagickMemoryMethods() gets the methods to acquire, resize, and destroy
 792 %  memory.
 793 %
 794 %  The format of the GetMagickMemoryMethods() method is:
 795 %
 796 %      void GetMagickMemoryMethods(AcquireMemoryHandler *acquire_memory_handler,
 797 %        ResizeMemoryHandler *resize_memory_handler,
 798 %        DestroyMemoryHandler *destroy_memory_handler)
 799 %
 800 %  A description of each parameter follows:
 801 %
 802 %    o acquire_memory_handler: method to acquire memory (e.g. malloc).
 803 %
 804 %    o resize_memory_handler: method to resize memory (e.g. realloc).
 805 %
 806 %    o destroy_memory_handler: method to destroy memory (e.g. free).
 807 %
 808 */
 809 MagickExport void GetMagickMemoryMethods(
 810   AcquireMemoryHandler *acquire_memory_handler,
 811   ResizeMemoryHandler *resize_memory_handler,
 812   DestroyMemoryHandler *destroy_memory_handler)
 813 {
 814   assert(acquire_memory_handler != (AcquireMemoryHandler *) NULL);
 815   assert(resize_memory_handler != (ResizeMemoryHandler *) NULL);
 816   assert(destroy_memory_handler != (DestroyMemoryHandler *) NULL);
 817   *acquire_memory_handler=memory_methods.acquire_memory_handler;
 818   *resize_memory_handler=memory_methods.resize_memory_handler;
 819   *destroy_memory_handler=memory_methods.destroy_memory_handler;
 820 }
 821 \f
 822 /*
 823 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 824 %                                                                             %
 825 %                                                                             %
 826 %                                                                             %
 827 %   G e t V i r t u a l M e m o r y B l o b                                   %
 828 %                                                                             %
 829 %                                                                             %
 830 %                                                                             %
 831 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 832 %
 833 %  GetVirtualMemoryBlob() returns the virtual memory blob associated with the
 834 %  specified MemoryInfo structure.
 835 %
 836 %  The format of the GetVirtualMemoryBlob method is:
 837 %
 838 %      void *GetVirtualMemoryBlob(const MemoryInfo *memory_info)
 839 %
 840 %  A description of each parameter follows:
 841 %
 842 %    o memory_info: The MemoryInfo structure.
 843 */
 844 MagickExport void *GetVirtualMemoryBlob(const MemoryInfo *memory_info)
 845 {
 846   assert(memory_info != (const MemoryInfo *) NULL);
 847   assert(memory_info->signature == MagickSignature);
 848   return(memory_info->blob);
 849 }
 850 \f
 851 /*
 852 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 853 %                                                                             %
 854 %                                                                             %
 855 %                                                                             %
 856 %   R e l i n q u i s h A l i g n e d M e m o r y                             %
 857 %                                                                             %
 858 %                                                                             %
 859 %                                                                             %
 860 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 861 %
 862 %  RelinquishAlignedMemory() frees memory acquired with AcquireAlignedMemory()
 863 %  or reuse.
 864 %
 865 %  The format of the RelinquishAlignedMemory method is:
 866 %
 867 %      void *RelinquishAlignedMemory(void *memory)
 868 %
 869 %  A description of each parameter follows:
 870 %
 871 %    o memory: A pointer to a block of memory to free for reuse.
 872 %
 873 */
 874 MagickExport void *RelinquishAlignedMemory(void *memory)
 875 {
 876   if (memory == (void *) NULL)
 877     return((void *) NULL);
 878 #if defined(MAGICKCORE_HAVE_POSIX_MEMALIGN)
 879   free(memory);
 880 #elif defined(MAGICKCORE_HAVE__ALIGNED_MALLOC)
 881   _aligned_free(memory);
 882 #else
 883   free(*((void **) memory-1));
 884 #endif
 885   return(NULL);
 886 }
 887 \f
 888 /*
 889 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 890 %                                                                             %
 891 %                                                                             %
 892 %                                                                             %
 893 %   R e l i n q u i s h M a g i c k M e m o r y                               %
 894 %                                                                             %
 895 %                                                                             %
 896 %                                                                             %
 897 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 898 %
 899 %  RelinquishMagickMemory() frees memory acquired with AcquireMagickMemory()
 900 %  or AcquireQuantumMemory() for reuse.
 901 %
 902 %  The format of the RelinquishMagickMemory method is:
 903 %
 904 %      void *RelinquishMagickMemory(void *memory)
 905 %
 906 %  A description of each parameter follows:
 907 %
 908 %    o memory: A pointer to a block of memory to free for reuse.
 909 %
 910 */
 911 MagickExport void *RelinquishMagickMemory(void *memory)
 912 {
 913   if (memory == (void *) NULL)
 914     return((void *) NULL);
 915 #if !defined(MAGICKCORE_ZERO_CONFIGURATION_SUPPORT)
 916   memory_methods.destroy_memory_handler(memory);
 917 #else
 918   LockSemaphoreInfo(memory_semaphore);
 919   assert((SizeOfBlock(memory) % (4*sizeof(size_t))) == 0);
 920   assert((*BlockHeader(NextBlock(memory)) & PreviousBlockBit) != 0);
 921   if ((*BlockHeader(memory) & PreviousBlockBit) == 0)
 922     {
 923       void
 924         *previous;
 925
 926       /*
 927         Coalesce with previous adjacent block.
 928       */
 929       previous=PreviousBlock(memory);
 930       RemoveFreeBlock(previous,AllocationPolicy(SizeOfBlock(previous)));
 931       *BlockHeader(previous)=(SizeOfBlock(previous)+SizeOfBlock(memory)) |
 932         (*BlockHeader(previous) & ~SizeMask);
 933       memory=previous;
 934     }
 935   if ((*BlockHeader(NextBlock(NextBlock(memory))) & PreviousBlockBit) == 0)
 936     {
 937       void
 938         *next;
 939
 940       /*
 941         Coalesce with next adjacent block.
 942       */
 943       next=NextBlock(memory);
 944       RemoveFreeBlock(next,AllocationPolicy(SizeOfBlock(next)));
 945       *BlockHeader(memory)=(SizeOfBlock(memory)+SizeOfBlock(next)) |
 946         (*BlockHeader(memory) & ~SizeMask);
 947     }
 948   *BlockFooter(memory,SizeOfBlock(memory))=SizeOfBlock(memory);
 949   *BlockHeader(NextBlock(memory))&=(~PreviousBlockBit);
 950   InsertFreeBlock(memory,AllocationPolicy(SizeOfBlock(memory)));
 951   UnlockSemaphoreInfo(memory_semaphore);
 952 #endif
 953   return((void *) NULL);
 954 }
 955 \f
 956 /*
 957 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 958 %                                                                             %
 959 %                                                                             %
 960 %                                                                             %
 961 %   R e l i n q u i s h V i r t u a l M e m o r y                             %
 962 %                                                                             %
 963 %                                                                             %
 964 %                                                                             %
 965 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 966 %
 967 %  RelinquishVirtualMemory() frees memory acquired with AcquireVirtualMemory().
 968 %
 969 %  The format of the RelinquishVirtualMemory method is:
 970 %
 971 %      MemoryInfo *RelinquishVirtualMemory(MemoryInfo *memory_info)
 972 %
 973 %  A description of each parameter follows:
 974 %
 975 %    o memory_info: A pointer to a block of memory to free for reuse.
 976 %
 977 */
 978 MagickExport MemoryInfo *RelinquishVirtualMemory(MemoryInfo *memory_info)
 979 {
 980   assert(memory_info != (MemoryInfo *) NULL);
 981   assert(memory_info->signature == MagickSignature);
 982   if (memory_info->blob != (void *) NULL)
 983     {
 984       if (memory_info->mapped == MagickFalse)
 985         {
 986           memory_info->blob=RelinquishMagickMemory(memory_info->blob);
 987           RelinquishMagickResource(MemoryResource,memory_info->length);
 988         }
 989       else
 990         {
 991           (void) UnmapBlob(memory_info->blob,memory_info->length);
 992           RelinquishMagickResource(MapResource,memory_info->length);
 993           memory_info->blob=NULL;
 994           if (*memory_info->filename != '\0')
 995             (void) RelinquishUniqueFileResource(memory_info->filename);
 996         }
 997     }
 998   memory_info->signature=(~MagickSignature);
 999   memory_info=(MemoryInfo *) RelinquishAlignedMemory(memory_info);
1000   return(memory_info);
1001 }
1002 \f
1003 /*
1004 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
1005 %                                                                             %
1006 %                                                                             %
1007 %                                                                             %
1008 %   R e s e t M a g i c k M e m o r y                                         %
1009 %                                                                             %
1010 %                                                                             %
1011 %                                                                             %
1012 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
1013 %
1014 %  ResetMagickMemory() fills the first size bytes of the memory area pointed to
1015 %  by memory with the constant byte c.
1016 %
1017 %  The format of the ResetMagickMemory method is:
1018 %
1019 %      void *ResetMagickMemory(void *memory,int byte,const size_t size)
1020 %
1021 %  A description of each parameter follows:
1022 %
1023 %    o memory: a pointer to a memory allocation.
1024 %
1025 %    o byte: set the memory to this value.
1026 %
1027 %    o size: size of the memory to reset.
1028 %
1029 */
1030 MagickExport void *ResetMagickMemory(void *memory,int byte,const size_t size)
1031 {
1032   assert(memory != (void *) NULL);
1033   return(memset(memory,byte,size));
1034 }
1035 \f
1036 /*
1037 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
1038 %                                                                             %
1039 %                                                                             %
1040 %                                                                             %
1041 %   R e s i z e M a g i c k M e m o r y                                       %
1042 %                                                                             %
1043 %                                                                             %
1044 %                                                                             %
1045 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
1046 %
1047 %  ResizeMagickMemory() changes the size of the memory and returns a pointer to
1048 %  the (possibly moved) block.  The contents will be unchanged up to the
1049 %  lesser of the new and old sizes.
1050 %
1051 %  The format of the ResizeMagickMemory method is:
1052 %
1053 %      void *ResizeMagickMemory(void *memory,const size_t size)
1054 %
1055 %  A description of each parameter follows:
1056 %
1057 %    o memory: A pointer to a memory allocation.
1058 %
1059 %    o size: the new size of the allocated memory.
1060 %
1061 */
1062
1063 #if defined(MAGICKCORE_ZERO_CONFIGURATION_SUPPORT)
1064 static inline void *ResizeBlock(void *block,size_t size)
1065 {
1066   register void
1067     *memory;
1068
1069   if (block == (void *) NULL)
1070     return(AcquireBlock(size));
1071   memory=AcquireBlock(size);
1072   if (memory == (void *) NULL)
1073     return((void *) NULL);
1074   if (size <= (SizeOfBlock(block)-sizeof(size_t)))
1075     (void) memcpy(memory,block,size);
1076   else
1077     (void) memcpy(memory,block,SizeOfBlock(block)-sizeof(size_t));
1078   memory_pool.allocation+=size;
1079   return(memory);
1080 }
1081 #endif
1082
1083 MagickExport void *ResizeMagickMemory(void *memory,const size_t size)
1084 {
1085   register void
1086     *block;
1087
1088   if (memory == (void *) NULL)
1089     return(AcquireMagickMemory(size));
1090 #if !defined(MAGICKCORE_ZERO_CONFIGURATION_SUPPORT)
1091   block=memory_methods.resize_memory_handler(memory,size == 0 ? 1UL : size);
1092   if (block == (void *) NULL)
1093     memory=RelinquishMagickMemory(memory);
1094 #else
1095   LockSemaphoreInfo(memory_semaphore);
1096   block=ResizeBlock(memory,size == 0 ? 1UL : size);
1097   if (block == (void *) NULL)
1098     {
1099       if (ExpandHeap(size == 0 ? 1UL : size) == MagickFalse)
1100         {
1101           UnlockSemaphoreInfo(memory_semaphore);
1102           memory=RelinquishMagickMemory(memory);
1103           ThrowFatalException(ResourceLimitFatalError,"MemoryAllocationFailed");
1104         }
1105       block=ResizeBlock(memory,size == 0 ? 1UL : size);
1106       assert(block != (void *) NULL);
1107     }
1108   UnlockSemaphoreInfo(memory_semaphore);
1109   memory=RelinquishMagickMemory(memory);
1110 #endif
1111   return(block);
1112 }
1113 \f
1114 /*
1115 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
1116 %                                                                             %
1117 %                                                                             %
1118 %                                                                             %
1119 %   R e s i z e Q u a n t u m M e m o r y                                     %
1120 %                                                                             %
1121 %                                                                             %
1122 %                                                                             %
1123 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
1124 %
1125 %  ResizeQuantumMemory() changes the size of the memory and returns a pointer
1126 %  to the (possibly moved) block.  The contents will be unchanged up to the
1127 %  lesser of the new and old sizes.
1128 %
1129 %  The format of the ResizeQuantumMemory method is:
1130 %
1131 %      void *ResizeQuantumMemory(void *memory,const size_t count,
1132 %        const size_t quantum)
1133 %
1134 %  A description of each parameter follows:
1135 %
1136 %    o memory: A pointer to a memory allocation.
1137 %
1138 %    o count: the number of quantum elements to allocate.
1139 %
1140 %    o quantum: the number of bytes in each quantum.
1141 %
1142 */
1143 MagickExport void *ResizeQuantumMemory(void *memory,const size_t count,
1144   const size_t quantum)
1145 {
1146   size_t
1147     size;
1148
1149   size=count*quantum;
1150   if ((count == 0) || (quantum != (size/count)))
1151     {
1152       memory=RelinquishMagickMemory(memory);
1153       errno=ENOMEM;
1154       return((void *) NULL);
1155     }
1156   return(ResizeMagickMemory(memory,size));
1157 }
1158 \f
1159 /*
1160 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
1161 %                                                                             %
1162 %                                                                             %
1163 %                                                                             %
1164 %   S e t M a g i c k M e m o r y M e t h o d s                               %
1165 %                                                                             %
1166 %                                                                             %
1167 %                                                                             %
1168 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
1169 %
1170 %  SetMagickMemoryMethods() sets the methods to acquire, resize, and destroy
1171 %  memory. Your custom memory methods must be set prior to the
1172 %  MagickCoreGenesis() method.
1173 %
1174 %  The format of the SetMagickMemoryMethods() method is:
1175 %
1176 %      SetMagickMemoryMethods(AcquireMemoryHandler acquire_memory_handler,
1177 %        ResizeMemoryHandler resize_memory_handler,
1178 %        DestroyMemoryHandler destroy_memory_handler)
1179 %
1180 %  A description of each parameter follows:
1181 %
1182 %    o acquire_memory_handler: method to acquire memory (e.g. malloc).
1183 %
1184 %    o resize_memory_handler: method to resize memory (e.g. realloc).
1185 %
1186 %    o destroy_memory_handler: method to destroy memory (e.g. free).
1187 %
1188 */
1189 MagickExport void SetMagickMemoryMethods(
1190   AcquireMemoryHandler acquire_memory_handler,
1191   ResizeMemoryHandler resize_memory_handler,
1192   DestroyMemoryHandler destroy_memory_handler)
1193 {
1194   /*
1195     Set memory methods.
1196   */
1197   if (acquire_memory_handler != (AcquireMemoryHandler) NULL)
1198     memory_methods.acquire_memory_handler=acquire_memory_handler;
1199   if (resize_memory_handler != (ResizeMemoryHandler) NULL)
1200     memory_methods.resize_memory_handler=resize_memory_handler;
1201   if (destroy_memory_handler != (DestroyMemoryHandler) NULL)
1202     memory_methods.destroy_memory_handler=destroy_memory_handler;
1203 }